CN113831925A - Reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis device and method - Google Patents
Reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113831925A CN113831925A CN202111174573.2A CN202111174573A CN113831925A CN 113831925 A CN113831925 A CN 113831925A CN 202111174573 A CN202111174573 A CN 202111174573A CN 113831925 A CN113831925 A CN 113831925A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste disposal and utilization, and particularly relates to a reverse progressive pyrolysis device and method. The device comprises a hopper, a feeding system, a reverse progressive pyrolysis system, a product collecting system, a gas-solid separation system, a condensing system and a tail gas treatment system. Wherein, the pyrolysis system comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a radiant heat exchange pipe, a reverse rotating wheel, a conveying chain plate and a heat insulation layer. After organic solid wastes are dried and enter a reverse progressive pyrolysis reactor, materials are turned over through forward transmission of a transmission chain plate and reverse rotation of a reverse rotating wheel, and uniform heating decomposition of the materials is guaranteed; the hook claw is arranged on the reverse rotating wheel, so that materials adhered to the rotating wheel and the chain plate are effectively removed, and the cleanliness and the running stability of the device are ensured; the generated pyrolysis gas is sent into a combustor for combustion, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is purified by a tail gas treatment system and then discharged after being used for pyrolysis heat supply and air preheating. Utilize this device can realize that organic solid useless high-efficient clean safe is dealt with.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment, and particularly relates to a reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis device and method.
Background
The organic solid wastes such as household garbage, waste plastics, waste masks and the like have wide sources and a large number, have pollution and resource properties, and not only can cause resource waste but also can bring serious environmental pollution due to improper treatment. At present, the main treatment modes of organic solid wastes comprise sanitary landfill, high-temperature incineration and the like. However, sanitary landfill not only occupies a large area and has the problems that pollutants leak and harm soil and water, but also has a slow degradation speed, so that the method is an unsustainable treatment mode. The high-temperature incineration can realize the quick treatment of organic solid wastes, has better reduction effect, but easily generates a large amount of NO in the incineration processx、SOxPollutants such as dioxin, fly ash and the like are difficult to treat and high in environmental protection cost.
Pyrolysis is a technique in which organic matter is thermally decomposed to form liquid, gaseous, and solid products under anaerobic or anoxic conditions. The liquid product can be used as fuel or purified chemicals, the gas product can be used as synthesis gas or combustion heat supply, and the solid product can be used for preparing functional carbon materials such as activated carbon and the like, so that the reduction, harmless and resource utilization of organic solid wastes are facilitated. At present, various pyrolysis reaction devices such as a fixed bed, a fluidized bed and a rotating cone are developed at home and abroad, and are mainly used for pyrolysis treatment of agricultural and forestry wastes, but are difficult to be applied to thermosensitive substances such as waste masks and waste plastics. These substances are not only difficult to break, but also are easy to soften and coke in the pyrolysis process, which seriously hinders the pyrolysis reaction and the stable operation of the device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis device and method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis apparatus, comprising:
the system comprises a hopper, a feeding system, a reverse progressive pyrolysis system, a product collecting system, a gas-solid separation system, a condensing system, a combustion heat supply system and a tail gas disposal system; the reverse progressive pyrolysis system comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a radiant heat exchange tube, a reverse rotating wheel, a conveying chain plate and a heat insulation layer.
Wherein, the pyrolysis chamber is a horizontal cuboid, a feed inlet is arranged at the left upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, a pyrolysis gas pipe is arranged right above the pyrolysis chamber, and a discharge outlet is arranged at the right lower part of the pyrolysis chamber; the radiant heat exchange tubes are distributed above the pyrolysis chamber and in the middle of the conveying chain plate; the reverse rotating wheel consists of a working rotating shaft and a rotating wheel disc, is positioned above the traditional chain plate and is used for turning over materials; the conveying chain plate consists of a driving wheel and a chain plate and is used for conveying materials.
The diameter of the rotary wheel disc is 400-1200 mm, and 6-12 hook claws are arranged on the rotary wheel disc; the hook claws are radially distributed by taking the working rotating shaft as the center; the hook claw is composed of J-shaped steel plates, the thickness of the hook claw is 5-10 mm, reinforcing ribs are arranged on the hook claw, and the central angle corresponding to the tail end arc is 10-20 degrees; the diameter of the working rotating shaft (321) is 50-150 mm.
An outlet of the hopper is connected with a material inlet of the feeding system to convey organic solid waste; a material outlet of the feeding system is connected with the feeding hole; the discharge port is connected with an inlet of a carbon collecting box of the product collecting system to discharge solid reaction products, and the pyrolysis gas pipe conveys pyrolysis steam to be connected with an inlet of the condensing system through the gas-solid separation system; the lower part of the gas-solid separation system is connected with a carbon collecting box to discharge solid products; a liquid outlet below the condensing system is connected with an inlet of an oil collector of the product collecting system to collect a liquid product; a gas outlet above the condensing system is connected with a gas inlet of a combustion chamber in the combustion heat supply system to convey combustible gas; the outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with the inlet of the radiant heat exchange tube, and high-temperature flue gas is conveyed to supply heat for pyrolysis; the outlet of the radiant heat exchange tube is connected with an air preheater of the combustion heat exchange system, and secondary hot flue gas is input to preheat air required by combustion of the combustion chamber; the flue gas outlet of the air preheater is connected with the flue gas inlet of the feeding system, so that low-temperature flue gas is conveyed and materials are dried; and a flue gas outlet of the feeding system is communicated with a tail gas purification system to discharge cold flue gas. The air preheater is provided with air inlet and air outlet, and air inlet supplies cold air input, and air outlet intercommunication combustion chamber carries hot-air to participate in the burning.
Preferably, the width of the pyrolysis chamber is 800-3000 mm, the width-length ratio is 1/6-1/9, and the width-height ratio is 1/1-2/1.
Preferably, the distance between the outer contour of the reverse rotating wheel and the transmission chain plate is not more than 10 mm; the reverse rotating wheels are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the pyrolysis chamber, and the distance between the outer contours of the front reverse rotating wheel and the outer contour of the rear reverse rotating wheel is not more than 10 mm.
Preferably, the transmission chain plate positively transmits the material along the pyrolysis direction; the rotating direction of the reverse rotating wheel is opposite to the rotating direction of the transmission chain plate.
Preferably, the gas-solid separation system is at least one of a cyclone separator, a ceramic filter and a bag-type dust collector.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for implementing reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis by using the above apparatus, comprising the following steps:
s1, feeding auxiliary fuel and hot air into a combustion chamber, and feeding high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion into a radiation heat exchange tube to heat a pyrolysis chamber;
s2, feeding organic solid waste into a feeding system through a hopper, drying the organic solid waste by using low-temperature flue gas at a flue gas outlet of an air preheater, and then feeding the organic solid waste into a transmission chain plate of a reverse progressive pyrolysis system;
s3, driving a transmission chain plate and a reverse rotating wheel, fully pyrolyzing the raw materials under the forward transmission of the transmission chain plate and the turning of the reverse rotating wheel, enabling the generated solid products to enter a carbon collection box through a discharge port, enabling pyrolysis gas to enter a gas-solid separation system through a pyrolysis gas pipe, and enabling separated dust to enter the carbon collection box;
s4, feeding the purified pyrolysis gas into a condensing system, feeding liquid products generated by condensation into an oil collector, and feeding non-condensable combustible gas into a combustion chamber to participate in combustion;
and S5, inputting the secondary hot flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet of the radiant heat exchange tube into a flue gas inlet of an air preheater to heat cold air, conveying the hot air to a combustion chamber for combustion oxygen supply, inputting the low-temperature flue gas subjected to heat exchange into a feeding system to supply heat for drying raw materials, and feeding the cold flue gas discharged by the feeding system into a tail gas treatment system to purify and then evacuate.
Preferably, in the step S3, the rotating speed of the reverse rotating wheel is 5-30 r/min, the conveying speed of the transmission chain plate is 2-20 m/min, and the reaction temperature of pyrolysis is 400-800 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S5, the air temperature after the preheating by the air preheater is 200 to 300 ℃, and the drying temperature of the feeding system is 150 to 200 ℃.
The core of the reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis poly-generation device is a reverse progressive pyrolysis reactor, and the heat transfer process is enhanced through the forward rotation of the transmission chain plate and the reverse rotation of the reverse rotating wheel, so that the high-efficiency pyrolysis of the organic solid waste is promoted. The beneficial effects of the invention mainly comprise:
(1) the structure is compact: the forward transmission of the transmission chain plate and the reverse rotation of the rotating wheel are combined, so that the retention time of the material in the pyrolysis chamber can be effectively prolonged, the length of the transmission chain plate can be shortened, the structure is more compact, and the occupied area is reduced.
(2) The pyrolysis efficiency is high: the reverse rotating wheel can effectively strengthen material turning, strengthen heat and mass transfer, avoid material coking and agglomeration and ensure full pyrolysis of the material.
(3) Self-cleaning of the device: through controlling the intervals between the reverse rotating wheels and the transmission chain plate, materials stuck on the hook claw and the chain plate can be effectively scraped, self-cleaning of the device is realized, stable operation of the equipment is ensured, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.
(4) Energy cascade utilization: adopt the combustible gas of non-condensible for system's heat supply, not only can satisfy material pyrolysis heat supply demand, can preheat combustion air and dry material moreover, realized the gradient of high temperature flue gas energy and high-efficient utilization.
(5) No carrier gas is used: the material pyrolysis is conveyed by the transmission chain plate without using carrier gas, so that energy loss caused by preheating and cooling processes of the carrier gas is avoided, and the problems of low heat value of combustible gas and the like caused by the carrier gas are solved.
(6) The raw materials have strong usability: the method is not only widely applied to multisource organic solid wastes such as household garbage, waste plastics, waste rubber, waste masks and the like, but also can directly pyrolyze the raw materials without crushing, thereby greatly reducing the pretreatment cost of the raw materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a reverse progressive pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reverse progressive pyrolysis system of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures:
1-a hopper;
2-a feed system;
3-reverse progressive pyrolysis system;
31-a pyrolysis chamber; 311-a feed inlet; 312-pyrolysis gas tube; 313-a discharge hole; 32-counter-rotating wheel; 321-a working rotating shaft; 322-a rotary table; 33-radiant heat exchange tubes; 34-conveying chain plates; 341-a transmission wheel; 342-a chain plate; 35-an insulating layer;
4-a product collection system;
41-a carbon collecting box; 42-an oil collector;
5-gas-solid separation system;
6-a condensation system;
7-a combustion heating system;
71-a combustion chamber; 72-an air preheater;
8-tail gas treatment system.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis device and method, and the invention is further explained by combining with a specific embodiment.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the reverse progressive pyrolysis apparatus provided by the invention comprises a hopper 1, a feeding system 2, a reverse progressive pyrolysis system 3, a product collecting system 4, a gas-solid separation system 5, a condensing system 6, a combustion heat supply system 7, and a tail gas disposal system 8. The reverse progressive pyrolysis system 3 comprises a pyrolysis chamber 31, a reverse rotating wheel 32, a radiant heat exchange tube 33, a conveying chain plate 34 and an insulating layer 35, wherein:
the pyrolysis chamber 31 is a horizontal cuboid, the left upper part of which is provided with a feed inlet 311, the right upper part is provided with a pyrolysis gas pipe 312, and the right lower part is provided with a discharge outlet 313; the radiant heat exchange tubes are distributed above the pyrolysis chamber 31 and in the middle of the conveying chain plate 34; the reverse rotating wheel 32 consists of a working rotating shaft 321 and a rotating wheel disc 322, is positioned above the traditional chain plate 34 and is used for turning over materials; the conveying chain plate 34 consists of a driving wheel 341 and a chain plate 342 and is used for conveying materials;
an outlet of the hopper 1 is connected with a material inlet of the feeding system 2 to convey organic solid waste; the material outlet of the feeding system 2 is connected with the feeding hole 311; the discharge port 313 is connected with the inlet of the carbon collecting box 41 of the product collecting system 4 to discharge solid reaction products, and the pyrolysis gas pipe 312 conveys pyrolysis steam to be connected with the inlet of the condensing system 6 through the gas-solid separation system 5; the lower part of the gas-solid separation system 5 is connected with a carbon collecting box 41 to discharge solid products; a liquid outlet below the condensing system 6 is connected with an inlet of the oil collector 42 of the product collecting system 4 to collect liquid products; a gas outlet above the condensing system 6 is connected with a gas inlet of a combustion chamber 71 in the combustion heat supply system 7 to convey combustible gas; the outlet of the combustion chamber 71 is connected with the inlet of the radiant heat exchange tube 32, and high-temperature flue gas is conveyed to supply heat for pyrolysis; the outlet of the radiation heat exchange tube 32 is connected with an air preheater 72 of the combustion heat exchange system 7, and secondary hot flue gas is input to preheat air required by combustion of the combustion chamber 71; the flue gas outlet of the air preheater 72 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the feeding system 2, so as to convey low-temperature flue gas and dry materials; and a flue gas outlet of the feeding system 2 is communicated with a tail gas purification system 8 to discharge cold flue gas. The air preheater 72 is provided with an air inlet for the input of cool air and an air outlet communicating with the combustion chamber 71 for the delivery of hot air for combustion.
The gas-solid separation system 5 is a cyclone separator.
The drive link 34 positively drives the material in the pyrolysis direction; the reversing wheel 32 rotates in the opposite direction to the drive link 34.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the invention relates to a method for pyrolyzing organic solid wastes (also the working process of the device) implemented by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
1. auxiliary fuel and hot air are fed into the combustion chamber 71, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is fed into the radiant heat exchange tube 32 to heat the pyrolysis chamber 31;
2. organic solid waste enters a feeding system 2 through a hopper 1, is dried by low-temperature flue gas at a flue gas outlet of an air preheater 72, and then enters a transmission chain plate 34 of a reverse progressive pyrolysis system 3;
3. the transmission chain plate 34 and the reverse rotating wheel 32 are driven, under the forward transmission of the transmission chain plate 34 and the turning of the reverse rotating wheel 32, the raw materials are fully pyrolyzed, the generated solid products enter the carbon collecting box 41 through the discharge hole 313, the pyrolysis gas enters the gas-solid separation system 5 through the pyrolysis gas pipe 312, and the separated dust enters the carbon collecting box 41;
4. the purified pyrolysis gas enters a condensing system 6, liquid products generated by condensation enter an oil collector 42, and non-condensable combustible gas is sent into a combustion chamber 71 to participate in combustion;
5. the secondary hot flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet of the radiant heat exchange tube 32 is input into the flue gas inlet of the air preheater 72 to heat cold air, the hot air is conveyed to the combustion chamber 71 to be used for combustion oxygen supply, the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is input into the feeding system 2 to supply heat for drying raw materials, and the cold flue gas discharged from the feeding system 2 is sent into the tail gas treatment system 2 to be purified and then is exhausted.
Waste plastics with the water content of 10% are used as raw materials, the width of a pyrolysis chamber 31 is 800mm, the width-length ratio is 1/6, the width-height ratio is 1/1, the thickness of a hook claw steel plate is 5mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc at the tail end of the hook claw is 20 degrees; the diameter of the working rotating shaft is 50 mm; the space between the outer contour of the reverse rotating wheel 32 and the transmission chain plate 34 is 6mm, and the space between the outer contour of the front reverse rotating wheel 32 and the outer contour of the rear reverse rotating wheel 32 is 8 mm; the rotating speed of the reverse rotating wheel 32 is 5r/min, the conveying speed of the transmission chain plate 34 is 2m/min, and the reaction temperature of pyrolysis is 600 ℃; the air temperature preheated by the air preheater 72 is 300 ℃, and the drying temperature of the feeding system 2 is 200 ℃; the yields of three-phase pyrolysis products of coke, liquid and combustible gas obtained after gas-solid separation and pyrolysis gas condensation of the pyrolysis products are 12.0%, 33.6% and 54.4%.
Example 2
The organic solid waste pyrolysis was achieved using the same apparatus as in example 1, only the gas-solid separation system was changed to a ceramic filter.
The household garbage with the water content of 20% is used as a raw material, the width of the pyrolysis chamber 31 is 3000mm, the width-length ratio is 1/6, the width-height ratio is 1/2, the thickness of the hook claw steel plate is 10mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc at the tail end of the hook claw is 10 degrees; the diameter of the working rotating shaft is 150 mm; the space between the outer contour of the reverse rotating wheel 32 and the transmission chain plate 34 is 10mm, and the space between the outer contour of the front reverse rotating wheel 32 and the outer contour of the rear reverse rotating wheel 32 is 10 mm; the rotating speed of the reverse rotating wheel 33 is 30r/min, the conveying speed of the transmission chain plate 34 is 20m/min, and the reaction temperature of pyrolysis is 400 ℃; the air temperature preheated by the air preheater 72 is 200 ℃, and the drying temperature of the feeding system 2 is 150 ℃; the yield of the three-phase pyrolysis product of coke, liquid and combustible gas obtained after the pyrolysis product is subjected to gas-solid separation and pyrolysis gas condensation is 48.1%, 40.6% and 11.3%.
Example 3
The organic solid waste pyrolysis was achieved using the same apparatus as in example 1, only the gas-solid separation system was changed to a bag-type dust collector.
The waste mask with the water content of 15% is used as a raw material, the width of a pyrolysis chamber 31 is 1000mm, the width-length ratio is 1/4, the width-height ratio is 1/1.5, the thickness of a claw hooking steel plate is 8mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc at the tail end of a claw hooking steel plate is 15 degrees; the diameter of the working rotating shaft is 100 mm; the space between the outer contour of the reverse rotating wheel 32 and the transmission chain plate 34 is 8mm, and the space between the outer contour of the front reverse rotating wheel 32 and the outer contour of the rear reverse rotating wheel 32 is 10 mm; the rotating speed of the reverse rotating wheel 33 is 15r/min, the conveying speed of the transmission chain plate 34 is 10m/min, and the reaction temperature of pyrolysis is 800 ℃; the air temperature preheated by the air preheater 72 is 270 ℃, and the drying temperature of the feeding system 2 is 170 ℃; the yield of the three-phase pyrolysis product of coke, liquid and combustible gas obtained after the pyrolysis product is subjected to gas-solid separation and pyrolysis gas condensation is 22.1 percent, 27.3 percent and 50.6 percent respectively.
Claims (8)
1. A reverse progressive organic solid waste pyrolysis device comprises a hopper (1), a feeding system (2), a reverse progressive pyrolysis system (3), a product collecting system (4), a gas-solid separation system (5), a condensing system (6), a combustion heat supply system (7) and a tail gas disposal system (8); reverse progressive pyrolysis system (3) are including pyrolysis chamber (31), reverse runner (32), radiation heat exchange tube (33), conveying link joint (34) and heat preservation (35), its characterized in that:
the pyrolysis chamber (31) is a horizontal cuboid, a feed port (311) is formed in the left upper portion of the pyrolysis chamber, a pyrolysis gas pipe (312) is formed in the right upper portion of the pyrolysis chamber, and a discharge port (313) is formed in the right lower portion of the pyrolysis chamber; the radiant heat exchange tubes (33) are distributed above the pyrolysis chamber (31) and in the middle of the conveying chain plate (34); the reverse rotating wheel (32) consists of a working rotating shaft (321) and a rotating wheel disc (322) and is positioned above the traditional chain plate (34); the conveying chain plate (34) consists of a driving wheel (341) and a chain plate (342);
the diameter of the rotary wheel disc (322) is 400-1200 mm, and 6-12 hook claws are arranged on the rotary wheel disc; the hook claws are radially distributed by taking the working rotating shaft (321) as a center; the hook claw is composed of J-shaped steel plates, the thickness of the hook claw is 5-10 mm, reinforcing ribs are arranged on the hook claw, and the central angle corresponding to the tail end arc is 10-20 degrees; the diameter of the working rotating shaft (321) is 50-150 mm;
an outlet of the hopper (1) is connected with a material inlet of the feeding system (2); the material outlet of the feeding system (2) is connected with the feeding hole (311); the discharge port (313) is connected with an inlet of a carbon collecting box (41) of the product collecting system (4), and the pyrolysis gas pipe (312) conveys pyrolysis steam to be connected with an inlet of a condensing system (6) through the gas-solid separation system (5); the lower part of the gas-solid separation system (5) is connected with the carbon collecting box (41); a liquid outlet below the condensing system (6) is connected with an inlet of an oil collector (42) of the product collecting system (4); a gas outlet above the condensing system (6) is connected with a gas inlet of a combustion chamber (71) in the combustion heat supply system (7); the outlet of the combustion chamber (71) is connected with the inlet of the radiant heat exchange tube (32); the outlet of the radiant heat exchange tube (32) is connected with an air preheater (72) of the combustion heat exchange system (7); the flue gas outlet of the air preheater (72) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the feeding system (2); and a flue gas outlet of the feeding system (2) is communicated with the tail gas purification system (8).
2. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis chamber (31) has a width of 800 to 3000mm, a width to length ratio of 1/6 to 1/9, and an aspect ratio of 1/1 to 2/1.
3. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer profile of the counter-rotating wheel (32) is spaced from the drive chain plate (34) by no more than 10 mm; the reverse rotating wheels (32) are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the pyrolysis chamber (31), and the distance between the outer contours of the front reverse rotating wheel and the outer contour of the rear reverse rotating wheel (32) is not more than 10 mm.
4. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive chain plate (34) drives material positively in the pyrolysis direction; the rotating direction of the reversing rotating wheel (32) is opposite to the rotating direction of the transmission chain plate (34).
5. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-solid separation system (5) is at least one of a cyclone, a ceramic filter, a bag-type dust collector.
6. A method for organic solid waste pyrolysis based on the pyrolysis apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, feeding auxiliary fuel and hot air into a combustion chamber (71), and feeding high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion into a radiation heat exchange tube (32) to heat a pyrolysis chamber (31);
s2, feeding organic solid waste into a feeding system (2) through a hopper (1), drying by using low-temperature flue gas at a flue gas outlet of an air preheater (72), and then feeding the organic solid waste onto a transmission chain plate (34) of a reverse progressive pyrolysis system (3);
s3, driving a transmission chain plate (34) and a reverse rotating wheel (32), fully pyrolyzing the raw materials under the forward transmission of the transmission chain plate (34) and the turning of the reverse rotating wheel (32), enabling the generated solid products to enter a carbon collecting box (41) through a discharge hole (313), enabling pyrolysis gas to enter a gas-solid separation system (5) through a pyrolysis gas pipe (312), and enabling separated dust to enter the carbon collecting box (41);
s4, the purified pyrolysis gas enters a condensing system (6), liquid products generated by condensation enter an oil collector (42), and non-condensable combustible gas is sent into a combustion chamber (71) to participate in combustion;
s5, inputting secondary hot flue gas discharged from a flue gas outlet of the radiation heat exchange tube (32) into a flue gas inlet of an air preheater (72) to heat cold air, conveying the hot air to a combustion chamber (71) for combustion and oxygen supply, inputting low-temperature flue gas subjected to heat exchange into a feeding system (2) to supply heat for drying raw materials, and sending the cold flue gas discharged from the feeding system (2) into a tail gas disposal system (2) to purify and then evacuate.
7. A pyrolysis method according to claim 6, wherein in the step S3, the rotating speed of the counter rotating wheel (32) is 5-30 r/min, the conveying speed of the transmission chain plate (34) is 2-20 m/min, and the reaction temperature of the pyrolysis is 400-800 ℃.
8. A pyrolysis method according to claim 6, wherein in the step S5, the air temperature after being preheated by the air preheater (72) is 200-300 ℃, and the drying temperature of the feeding system (2) is 150-200 ℃.
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