CN111561700A - Rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method - Google Patents
Rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111561700A CN111561700A CN202010252301.9A CN202010252301A CN111561700A CN 111561700 A CN111561700 A CN 111561700A CN 202010252301 A CN202010252301 A CN 202010252301A CN 111561700 A CN111561700 A CN 111561700A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
- F23G5/28—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having raking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method. After being dried by hot air, the organic solid waste is turned over by a rotary rake in a reaction chamber, so that the organic solid waste is guaranteed to be uniformly heated and decomposed; the generated pyrolysis gas is sent to a burner through a gas pipe for burning, so that energy required by pyrolysis is provided, and a semi-self-heating pyrolysis process is realized; high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is purified and exhausted through a tail gas treatment system after being used for pyrolysis heat supply and air preheating; after each round of pyrolysis is finished, the rotary rake is utilized to push the carbon residue and the waste residue to be discharged, and automatic discharging is realized. Utilize above-mentioned device to carry out the pyrolysis of organic solid waste, can effectively avoid harmful substance such as dioxin to generate, realize the clean innocent treatment of organic solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of harmless treatment of organic solid waste, and particularly relates to a rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device. The invention also provides a pyrolysis method using the rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device.
Background
With the increasing level of people's life and industrialization, the production of organic solid wastes is also increased sharply. The organic solid waste can be classified into industrial waste, agricultural waste and domestic waste according to the source, including oil sludge/sludge, domestic garbage, waste plastics, waste tires, herb residues, biomass and the like. In recent years, the production of organic solid wastes has increased year by year, and most cities face the dilemma of' organic solid waste city. According to statistics, the annual total output of oil sludge in China breaks through 6000 million tons, the annual output of domestic garbage exceeds 4 hundred million tons, and if a large amount of organic solid wastes generated in cities cannot be effectively treated, a series of serious environmental pollution can be caused, the living environment of human beings is damaged, the urban image is influenced, and meanwhile, a large amount of high-added-value resources are wasted. The solid waste problem has attracted the high attention of the country, according to the solid waste treatment development policy formulated by the country, the organic solid waste to be treated is upgraded from waste treatment to waste energy-resource, and the technology is changed from simple mixed collection, landfill or incineration to intelligent classification, recycling and resource treatment.
At present, domestic treatment of organic solid wastes still mainly depends on landfill or incineration treatment, so that the problems of serious secondary pollution, resource waste and the like exist, and the development direction of solid waste treatment established by the state is not met. The pyrolysis method for treating the organic solid waste has the advantages of obvious volume reduction effect, capability of recovering crude oil and solidifying heavy metal and the like compared with the traditional method, and is a technology with application and popularization prospects in the current organic solid waste resource treatment technology. However, the conventional rotary pyrolysis reactor and the spiral stirring type pyrolysis reactor have the significant disadvantages of low system efficiency, uneven heat transfer, high raw material requirement, thermal stagnation, coking and the like, and cannot really realize the efficient treatment of the organic solid waste. Therefore, the development of a novel efficient organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment device and process has very important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method, and aims to solve the technical problems that an existing pyrolysis reaction device is low in system efficiency, uneven in heat transfer and the like, and cannot really realize efficient treatment of organic solid waste.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis apparatus, including a drying and feeding system, a pyrolysis system, a solid collecting system, a waste heat utilization system, a tail gas treatment system, and a water vapor condensation system, where the pyrolysis system includes a closed housing, a reaction chamber, a rotating shaft, a rotary rake, a flue, and a burner, where:
the reaction chamber is a horizontal cylindrical barrel arranged in the closed shell, the upper part of the reaction chamber is provided with a feed inlet sealed by an openable top cover, and the lower part of the reaction chamber is provided with a discharge outlet sealed by an openable outlet gate; the rotating shaft penetrates through the closed shell and extends into the reaction chamber along the axis of the cylindrical barrel, and the rotating shaft is driven by the outside and is connected with the closed shell to be sealed by a sealing device; the rotary rake is fixed on the rotating shaft and can rotate along with the rotating shaft in the reaction chamber and turn over materials; the flue is arranged in a space between the closed shell and the reaction chamber, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the upper part of the flue for discharging flue gas; the combustor is arranged below the reaction chamber of the closed shell, and the reaction chamber is connected with the combustor through a pyrolysis gas pipe from the side part of the feeding hole to convey pyrolysis gas; the drying feeding system is connected with the feeding hole for feeding materials; the inlet of the solid collecting system is connected with the discharge hole; the flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat utilization system to convey high-temperature flue gas; an air outlet of the waste heat utilization system is connected with an air inlet of the drying and feeding system to convey hot air, and a flue gas outlet of the waste heat utilization system is connected with the tail gas treatment system to discharge low-temperature flue gas; an air outlet of the drying and feeding system is connected with an air inlet of the water vapor condensation system to convey secondary hot air; and an air outlet of the water vapor condensation system is connected with the burner.
Preferably, the rotary rake is a plate-type rotary rake and comprises 2-4U-shaped steel plates which are radially distributed and fixed on the rotary shaft by taking the rotary shaft as a center and used as scrapers; the included angle between the U-shaped steel plates is 10-30 degrees, the thickness is 5-20 mm, and the width is 150-300 mm; fixing a transverse sector annular partition plate as a rake tooth along the U-shaped steel plate every 200-500 mm, wherein the width of the rake tooth is equal to that of the scraper; the clearance between the outer contour of the scraper and the rake teeth and the inner surface of the reaction chamber is not more than 10 mm.
Preferably, the rotary rake is a tubular rotary rake, and comprises a U-shaped steel pipe connected to the rotary shaft; the pipe diameter of the U-shaped steel pipe is 50-200 mm; fixing a transverse fan-shaped annular partition plate as a rake tooth at intervals of 300-500 mm along the axial direction of the U-shaped steel pipe, wherein the width of the rake tooth is 150-300 mm; radially distributing and fixing 2-4 steel plates serving as scrapers on the U-shaped steel pipe and the rake teeth by taking the rotating shaft as a center, wherein an included angle between the steel plates is 10-30 degrees, an included angle between the steel plates and the radial direction of the rotating shaft is 5-10 degrees, and the thickness of the steel plates is 5-20 mm; the clearance between the outer contour of the scraper and the rake teeth and the inner surface of the reaction chamber is not more than 10 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the rake teeth is 5-15 mm, and the central angle corresponding to the outer arc of the rake teeth is 10-20 degrees larger than the central angle corresponding to the inner arc of the rake teeth.
Preferably, the sealing device is provided with two layers of seals, wherein the first layer of seal is a high-temperature-resistant filler seal, and the second layer of seal is a labyrinth seal arranged outside the first layer of seal; and nitrogen is filled in the cavity of the labyrinth seal.
Preferably, the diameter of the cylindrical barrel of the reaction chamber is 1000-3000 mm, and the diameter-height ratio is 1/3-1/2.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an organic solid waste pyrolysis method based on the rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding auxiliary fuel and hot air into a combustion chamber to combust to generate high-temperature flue gas, and preheating an upper reaction chamber;
s2, drying the organic solid waste raw materials by a drying feeding system and feeding the organic solid waste raw materials into a reaction chamber;
s3, driving the rotary rake to rotate and uniformly turn over the organic solid waste raw materials in the reaction chamber, pyrolyzing the organic solid waste raw materials to generate pyrolysis gas, guiding the pyrolysis gas in the reaction chamber into a burner to burn together with auxiliary fuel to heat the reaction chamber, and adjusting the flow of the auxiliary fuel and hot air of the burner according to the generation amount of the pyrolysis gas to maintain the pyrolysis temperature in the reaction chamber;
s4, after the pyrolysis reaction of the round is finished, pushing carbon residue and waste residue to be discharged from the reaction chamber to a solid collecting system by a rotary rake;
s5, feeding flue gas generated by combustion in the combustor into a waste heat utilization system to exchange heat with cold air, feeding the flue gas subjected to heat exchange into a tail gas treatment system, purifying and then emptying;
and S6, dividing the hot air in the waste heat utilization system into two paths, inputting one path of hot air into a drying and feeding system to dry the organic solid waste raw material, removing water in a steam condensation system, and sending the hot air and the other path of hot air back to the combustor.
Preferably, in the step S2, the drying and feeding system adopts a belt conveyor arranged in the closed chamber, and the drying temperature in the belt conveyor is 100-200 ℃.
Preferably, in step S3, the rotation speed of the rotary rake is 0.5-20 r/min, and the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction in the reaction chamber is 300-500 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S5, the waste heat utilization system is a tubular heat exchanger or a rotary heat exchanger, and the outlet hot air temperature is 100 to 200 ℃.
The core of the rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is a pyrolysis system with a rotary rake. The dried solid waste raw materials are continuously turned over by a rotary rake in the reaction chamber, and the generated pyrolysis gas is directly sent to a burner for burning through a gas pipe; high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion is used for pyrolysis heat supply and air preheating, and then is purified and exhausted through a tail gas treatment system; part of the hot air is used for drying the solid waste raw materials and then is sent to the combustor together with the other part of the hot air; after each round of pyrolysis is finished, the rotary harrow is used for pushing residual residues to be discharged. The beneficial effects include:
1. the applicability of the raw material types is wide: can be suitable for various organic solid wastes without sorting and crushing raw materials.
2. The pyrolysis reaction condition is convenient to regulate and control, and the adaptability to the change of organic solid waste components is strong: the operating condition of the pyrolysis device can be flexibly changed by adjusting the drying time, the drying temperature, the pyrolysis time, the pyrolysis temperature and the rotating speed of the rotary rake, so that the change of the components of the organic solid waste raw materials under the influence of weather change, different sources and other factors can be adapted.
3. The flue gas waste heat utilization efficiency is high: the flue gas that the pyrolysis gas burning produced, after providing the required heat of pyrolysis, further carry out the heat transfer to the flue gas for heated air, partly heated air still is used for the useless drying of organic solid moreover, and the moisture that produces in the drying process sends into tail gas processing system with the flue gas together, influences combustion efficiency in can not mixing into the pyrolysis gas.
4. The heating is uniform, and the treatment capacity is easy to expand: the treatment capacity is easily improved by increasing the width of the reaction chamber cylinder, the stirring is strengthened by the rotary rake, the solid waste raw materials are continuously stirred, and insufficient pyrolysis and slagging caused by uneven heating due to size expansion are prevented.
5. The raw materials are separated, and the discharging is convenient: continuously separating and stirring the organic solid waste raw materials by using fan-shaped rake teeth, and preventing large residues from being formed in the pyrolysis process and blocking a discharge hole; meanwhile, the rotary rake is used for pushing the carbon residue and the waste residue to be discharged in an auxiliary manner through the discharge port, so that automatic discharging without manual intervention is realized.
6. Semi-self-heating pyrolysis: pyrolysis gas generated by organic solid waste pyrolysis is used for combustion, heat is provided for pyrolysis, and a semi-self-heating pyrolysis process is realized.
7. The sealing performance is good: the labyrinth seal protected by high-temperature-resistant sealing filler and nitrogen is used as a sealing device, so that the air leakage of a gap between the rotating shaft and the closed shell is prevented, and the sealing performance is good.
8. Clean discharge: firstly, hot air is utilized to dry organic solid waste raw materials, the organic solid waste raw materials are sent to a combustor after moisture is removed, carried pollutants are removed through combustion, and secondary pollution can be avoided unlike the drying method directly utilizing flue gas; the second pyrolysis process is oxygen-free and can generate H2Reducing components such as CO and the like, low temperature and long retention time, and can effectively inhibit the generation of harmful substances such as dioxin and the like from the source; finally, NO in the flue gas is removed by utilizing the mature flue gas purification technologyxAnd dust and other pollutants to realize clean discharge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis system with plate-type rotary rake according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 2a is a front view and FIG. 2b is a right side view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis system with a tubular rotary rake according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3a is a front view and FIG. 3b is a right side view;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of the steps of the organic solid waste pyrolysis method provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
[ main component symbol description ]
1-a dry feed system;
2-a pyrolysis system;
21-a closed shell; 22-a reaction chamber; 221-a top cover; 222-a feed port; 223-a discharge hole; 224-an outlet gate; 225-pyrolysis gas pipe; 23-a rotating shaft; 231-a sealing device; 24-plate type rotary harrow; 24' -tubular rotary rake; 241. 241' - -tines; 25-flue; 251-a flue gas outlet; 26-a burner;
3-a solids collection system;
4-a waste heat utilization system;
5-a tail gas treatment system;
6-water vapor condensation system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method aiming at the existing problems, and the rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device and the pyrolysis method have the characteristics of wide raw material applicability, convenience in pyrolysis regulation and control, high heat utilization efficiency, uniformity in heating, convenience in discharging, good sealing performance and clean discharge, and can realize semi-self-heating pyrolysis.
In order to implement the above technical solution, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, a rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a dry feeding system 1, a pyrolysis system 2, a solid collecting system 3, a waste heat utilization system 4, a tail gas treatment system 5, and a water vapor condensation system 6, where the pyrolysis system 2 includes a closed housing 21, a reaction chamber 22, a rotating shaft 23, a rotary rake, a flue 25, and a burner 26, where:
the reaction chamber 22 is positioned in the closed shell 21, the space between the closed shell 21 and the reaction chamber 22 is a flue 25, the outside of the flue is provided with a heat insulation material, and the upper part of the flue is provided with a flue gas outlet 251 for discharging flue gas; the reaction chamber 22 is composed of a horizontal cylindrical barrel, the upper opening of which is a feed inlet 222 and is sealed by a top cover 221 positioned at the upper part of the feed inlet 222; a rotating shaft 23 is arranged on the axis of the cylindrical barrel of the reaction chamber 22, the rotating shaft 23 extends out of the closed shell 21, is supported by an external bearing and is connected with a driving device, and a sealing device 231 is arranged at the joint of the rotating shaft 23 and the closed shell 21; the rotary rake is arranged in the reaction chamber 22, and two ends of the rotary rake are fixedly connected to the rotary shaft 23; the burner 26 is arranged right below the reaction chamber 22 and is provided with a hot air inlet valve and an auxiliary fuel inlet valve for controlling the supply amount of hot air and auxiliary fuel, and the side of the feed port 222 is connected with the burner 26 through a pyrolysis gas pipe 225 for conveying pyrolysis gas; the reaction chamber 22 is sealed from the outlet port 223 by an outlet gate 224, which is driven by a hydraulic system.
The outlet of the hopper is connected with the material inlet of the drying and feeding system 1; a material outlet of the drying and feeding system 1 is connected with a feeding hole 222 above the pyrolysis system 2; a discharge port 223 at the lower side of the reaction chamber 22 is connected with an inlet of the solid collection system 3; the flue gas outlet 251 is connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat utilization system 4; a flue gas outlet of the waste heat utilization system 4 is connected with a tail gas treatment system 5; the cold air pipe is connected with an air inlet of the waste heat utilization system 4; an air outlet of the waste heat utilization system 4 is connected with two hot air pipelines; one path of hot air pipeline is directly connected with the combustor 26, and the other path of hot air pipeline is connected with a hot air inlet of the drying and feeding system 1; the hot air outlet of the drying and feeding system 1 is connected with the secondary hot air inlet of the water vapor condensation system 6; the secondary hot air outlet of the water vapour condensation system 6 is in turn connected to a burner 26.
As a more preferred embodiment:
the drying and feeding system 1 can adopt a belt conveyor arranged in the closed cavity, and one path of hot air is connected with a hot air inlet of the closed cavity and is sent into the hot air to dry the organic solid waste material.
Fig. 2 and 3 are schematic structural views of a pyrolysis system of an organic solid waste pyrolysis apparatus having two different structures of rotary rakes, in which:
FIGS. 2a and 2b show a schematic structure of an embodiment of a rotary rake, in which the diameter of the reaction chamber 22 is 2000mm and the width is 4000mm, the rotary rake is a plate-type rotary rake 24, and the rotary rake includes 3U-shaped steel plates which are radially distributed and fixed on a rotary shaft 23 as scrapers around the rotary shaft 23; the included angle between the U-shaped steel plates is 20 degrees, the thickness is 8mm, and the width is 200 mm; fixing a transverse fan-shaped annular partition plate as a rake tooth 241 along the U-shaped steel plate every 500mm, wherein the thickness of the rake tooth 241 is 8mm, the width of the rake tooth is 200mm, the inner arc central angle is 40 degrees, and the outer arc central angle is 50 degrees; the clearance between the outer contour of the scraper and rake teeth 241 and the inner surface of the reaction chamber 22 was 5 mm.
Fig. 3a and 3b show structural schematic diagrams of another embodiment of the rotary rake, and the rotary rake can also adopt a tubular rotary rake 24' comprising a U-shaped steel tube with the pipe diameter of 50-200 mm, both ends of which are connected to the rotary shaft 23 through a coupler or by welding; fixing a transverse fan-shaped annular partition plate as rake teeth 241 'at intervals of 300-500 mm along the axial direction of the U-shaped steel pipe, wherein the width of the rake teeth 241' is 150-300 mm; radially distributing and fixing 2-4 steel plates serving as scrapers on the U-shaped steel pipe and the rake teeth by taking the rotating shaft 23 as a center, wherein the included angle between the steel plates is 10-30 degrees, the included angle with the radial direction of the rotating shaft 23 is 5-10 degrees, and the thickness is 5-20 mm; the clearance between the outer contour of the scraper and rake teeth 241' and the inner surface of the reaction chamber 22 is not more than 10 mm.
The sealing means 231 at the junction of the rotating shaft 23 and the hermetic casing 21 is provided with two layers of sealing means, the first layer being sealed by a high temperature resistant packing and then a labyrinth seal being disposed outside thereof as the second layer of seal; a small amount of nitrogen is introduced into the labyrinth chamber as a shielding gas to establish a micro positive pressure in the sealing device 231.
In order to better realize the technical scheme, the invention also provides a pyrolysis method based on the rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device, which is shown in fig. 4, and comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding auxiliary fuel and hot air into a combustion chamber to combust to generate high-temperature flue gas, and preheating an upper reaction chamber;
s2, drying the organic solid waste raw materials by a drying feeding system and feeding the organic solid waste raw materials into a reaction chamber;
s3, driving the rotary rake to rotate and uniformly turn over the organic solid waste raw materials in the reaction chamber, pyrolyzing the organic solid waste raw materials to generate pyrolysis gas, guiding the pyrolysis gas in the reaction chamber into a burner to burn together with auxiliary fuel to heat the reaction chamber, and adjusting the flow of the auxiliary fuel and hot air of the burner according to the generation amount of the pyrolysis gas to maintain the pyrolysis temperature in the reaction chamber;
s4, after the pyrolysis reaction of the round is finished, pushing carbon residue and waste residue to be discharged from the reaction chamber to a solid collecting system by a rotary rake;
s5, feeding flue gas generated by combustion in the combustor into a waste heat utilization system to exchange heat with cold air, feeding the flue gas subjected to heat exchange into a tail gas treatment system, purifying and then emptying;
and S6, dividing the hot air in the waste heat utilization system into two paths, inputting one path of hot air into a drying and feeding system to dry the organic solid waste raw material, removing water in a steam condensation system, and sending the hot air and the other path of hot air back to the combustor.
In a more preferred embodiment, in step S2, the drying temperature of the drying feeding system is 100 to 200 ℃. It should be noted that, for organic solid wastes unsuitable for drying treatment, drying treatment can be omitted, and hot air is directly used for combustion heat supply; for the condition that the drying is not suitable for condensation dewatering, the hot air after the drying of the organic solid waste can be directly used for combustion without dewatering treatment. In step S3, the rotating speed of the rotary rake is 0.5-20 r/min, and the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction in the reaction chamber is 300-500 ℃. In the step S5, the waste heat utilization system adopts a tubular heat exchanger or a rotary heat exchanger, and the temperature of hot air at an outlet of the tubular heat exchanger or the rotary heat exchanger is 100-200 ℃.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
before the organic solid waste pyrolysis reaction, firstly closing an outlet gate of a reaction chamber, opening a hot air inlet valve and an auxiliary fuel inlet valve, adjusting the flow of air and auxiliary fuel, and igniting by using an igniter to generate high-temperature flue gas and preheat the reaction chamber; after the flue gas with sufficient temperature is generated, opening the top cover, starting a belt conveyor in the drying and feeding system, and feeding the organic solid waste raw material into the drying and feeding system through a hopper; on a belt conveyor, drying the organic solid waste raw materials by hot air and then feeding the dried organic solid waste raw materials into a reaction chamber through a feeding hole; turning on a driving motor, enabling the rotary harrow to rotate around a rotating shaft, and uniformly turning over solid waste raw materials in the reaction chamber; the solid waste raw materials are uniformly heated in the reaction chamber to be heated, and begin to be pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis gas; pyrolysis gas enters the combustor through a pyrolysis gas pipe above the reaction chamber and is combusted with auxiliary fuel to provide heat required by pyrolysis; as the pyrolysis reaction proceeds, the flow rates of the auxiliary fuel and the hot air are adjusted correspondingly according to the change of the actual generation amount of the pyrolysis gas so as to maintain the pyrolysis temperature; stopping feeding after the specified feeding amount of the solid waste raw materials is reached, and closing the top cover and the belt conveyor; after the pyrolysis reaction is finished, opening an outlet gate, and conveying the carbon residue and the waste residue after the organic solid waste is pyrolyzed into a solid collecting system through a discharge port under the pushing of a rotary rake; after the reaction chamber is emptied, the outlet gate is closed, the top cover is opened, the belt conveyor is started, then feeding is started again to perform pyrolysis reaction of the next round, the semi-continuous pyrolysis process of organic solid waste is realized by automatically controlling the opening and closing of the top cover, the gate and the starting and stopping of the feeder, the interval time is short, the waste heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas of the previous round can be fully utilized for air preheating, and the waste heat is further used for drying solid waste raw materials, so that the utilization rate of heat is improved; flue gas generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas and the auxiliary fuel enters the waste heat utilization system through a flue gas outlet after the heating reaction chamber; after heat exchange with cold air in the waste heat utilization system, the flue gas is sent into a tail gas treatment system, purified and then exhausted; the hot air obtained by the waste heat utilization system is divided into two paths, wherein one path is used for drying solid waste raw materials, and the hot air and the other path of hot air are sent into the combustor together after moisture is removed in the steam condensation system.
The process flow of organic solid waste pyrolysis by using a rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device is described in detail by the following specific examples, and devices with basically the same structure are adopted in each example.
Example 1:
first, the outlet shutter 224 below the side of the reaction chamber 22 is closed, and the hot air inlet valve and the auxiliary fuel inlet valve are opened; adjusting the flow of air and auxiliary fuel, and igniting by using an igniter to generate high-temperature flue gas and preheat the reaction chamber 22; after the flue gas with a certain temperature is generated, the top cover 221 is opened, and the belt conveyor in the drying and feeding system 1 is started; feeding the organic solid waste raw materials into a feeding drying system 1 from a hopper, and drying the organic solid waste raw materials on a belt conveyor by hot air, wherein the drying temperature is maintained at 150 ℃; the feeding amount of the organic solid waste raw material in each pyrolysis process is 4t, and the moisture content is reduced to 22% after drying; the dried organic solid waste raw material is sent into a reaction chamber 22, and is heated and pyrolyzed under the stirring of a rotary rake, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 400 ℃; after the organic solid waste raw materials of the round completely enter the reaction chamber 22, stopping feeding, closing the top cover 221, and maintaining the rotating speed of the rotary rake at 5 r/min; organic solid waste raw materials are continuously pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is sent into the combustor 26 through the gas pipe 225 to be combusted, so that heat is provided for pyrolysis; the generated hot flue gas is sent into a tail gas treatment system 5 for purification treatment after passing through a heating reaction chamber and preheated air, so that clean emission is realized; after the organic solid waste raw material is completely pyrolyzed, opening an outlet gate 224, and conveying carbon residue and waste residue into a solid collection system 3 through a discharge port 223 under the pushing of a rotary rake; after the reaction chamber 22 is emptied, the outlet gate 224 is closed, the top cover 221 is opened and the belt conveyor is started to continue the next round of organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment. The whole device realizes semi-self-heating pyrolysis of organic solid waste, can effectively inhibit generation and discharge of harmful substances such as dioxin, has a weight reduction rate of the organic solid waste of 86.7w percent, and realizes harmless treatment of the organic solid waste.
Example 2:
first, the outlet shutter 224 below the side of the reaction chamber 22 is closed, and the hot air inlet valve and the auxiliary fuel inlet valve are opened; adjusting the flow of air and auxiliary fuel, and igniting by using an igniter to generate high-temperature flue gas and preheat the reaction chamber 22; after the flue gas with a certain temperature is generated, the top cover 221 is opened, and the belt conveyor in the drying and feeding system 1 is started; feeding the organic solid waste raw materials into a feeding drying system 1 from a hopper, and drying the organic solid waste raw materials on a belt conveyor by hot air, wherein the drying temperature is maintained at 180 ℃; the feeding amount of the organic solid waste raw material in each pyrolysis process is 3.5t, and the moisture content is reduced to 18% after drying; the dried organic solid waste raw material is sent into a reaction chamber 22, and is heated and pyrolyzed under the stirring of a rotary rake, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 430 ℃; after the organic solid waste raw materials of the round completely enter the reaction chamber 22, stopping feeding, closing the top cover 221, and maintaining the rotating speed of the rotary rake at 7.5 r/min; organic solid waste raw materials are continuously pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is sent into the combustor 26 through the gas pipe 225 to be combusted, so that heat is provided for pyrolysis; the generated hot flue gas is sent into a tail gas treatment system 5 for purification treatment after passing through a heating reaction chamber and preheated air, so that clean emission is realized; after the organic solid waste raw material is completely pyrolyzed, opening an outlet gate 224, and conveying carbon residue and waste residue into a solid collection system 3 through a discharge port 223 under the pushing of a rotary rake; after the reaction chamber 22 is emptied, the outlet gate 224 is closed, the top cover 221 is opened and the belt conveyor is started to continue the next round of organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment. The whole device realizes semi-self-heating pyrolysis of organic solid waste, can effectively inhibit generation and discharge of harmful substances such as dioxin, has a weight reduction rate of 88.4 w% of the organic solid waste, and realizes harmless treatment of the organic solid waste.
Example 3:
first, the outlet shutter 224 below the side of the reaction chamber 22 is closed, and the hot air inlet valve and the auxiliary fuel inlet valve are opened; adjusting the flow of air and auxiliary fuel, and igniting by using an igniter to generate high-temperature flue gas and preheat the reaction chamber 22; after the flue gas with a certain temperature is generated, the top cover 221 is opened, and the belt conveyor in the drying and feeding system 1 is started; feeding the organic solid waste raw materials into a feeding drying system 1 from a hopper, and drying the organic solid waste raw materials on a belt conveyor by hot air, wherein the drying temperature is maintained at 130 ℃; the feeding amount of the organic solid waste raw material in each pyrolysis process is 3t, and the moisture content is reduced to 25% after drying; the dried organic solid waste raw material is sent into a reaction chamber 22, and is heated and pyrolyzed under the stirring of a rotary rake, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 360 ℃; after the organic solid waste raw materials of the round completely enter the reaction chamber 22, stopping feeding, closing the top cover 221, and maintaining the rotating speed of the rotary rake at 10 r/min; organic solid waste raw materials are continuously pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is sent into the combustor 26 through the gas pipe 225 to be combusted, so that heat is provided for pyrolysis; the generated hot flue gas is sent into a tail gas treatment system 5 for purification treatment after passing through a heating reaction chamber and preheated air, so that clean emission is realized; after the organic solid waste raw material is completely pyrolyzed, opening an outlet gate 224, and conveying carbon residue and waste residue into a solid collection system 3 through a discharge port 223 under the pushing of a rotary rake; after the reaction chamber 22 is emptied, the outlet gate 224 is closed, the top cover 221 is opened and the belt conveyor is started to continue the next round of organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment. The whole device realizes semi-self-heating pyrolysis of organic solid waste, can effectively inhibit generation and discharge of harmful substances such as dioxin, has a weight reduction rate of the organic solid waste of 82.3w percent, and realizes harmless treatment of the organic solid waste.
Example 4:
this embodiment uses an apparatus that has been stably operated. Feeding the organic solid waste raw materials into a feeding drying system 1 from a hopper, and drying the organic solid waste raw materials on a belt conveyor by hot air, wherein the drying temperature is maintained at 180 ℃; the feeding amount of the organic solid waste in each pyrolysis process is 3.5t, and the moisture content is reduced to 20% after drying; the dried organic solid waste raw material is sent into a reaction chamber 22, and is heated and pyrolyzed under the stirring of a rotary rake, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 450 ℃; after the organic solid waste raw materials of the round completely enter the reaction chamber 22, stopping feeding, closing the top cover 221, and maintaining the rotating speed of the rotary rake at 10 r/min; organic solid waste raw materials are continuously pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is sent into the combustor 26 through the gas pipe 225 to be combusted, so that heat is provided for pyrolysis; the generated hot flue gas is sent into a tail gas treatment system 5 for purification treatment after passing through a heating reaction chamber and preheated air, so that clean emission is realized; after the organic solid waste is completely pyrolyzed, opening an outlet gate 224, and conveying the carbon residue and the waste residue into a solid collecting system 3 through a discharge hole 223 under the pushing of a rotary rake; after the reaction chamber 22 is emptied, the outlet gate 224 is closed, the top cover 221 is opened and the belt conveyor is started to continue the next round of organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment. The whole device realizes semi-self-heating pyrolysis of organic solid waste, can effectively inhibit generation and discharge of harmful substances such as dioxin, has the weight reduction rate of the organic solid waste of 90.6w percent, and realizes harmless treatment of the organic solid waste.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention; unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "coupled," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that there may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
For the embodiments of the present invention, the common general knowledge of the known specific structures and characteristics in the schemes is not described too much; the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, technical features related to the embodiments can be combined with each other on the premise of not conflicting with each other, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a rotatory harrow formula pyrolysis device that gives up organically, includes dry charge-in system (1), pyrolysis system (2), solid collecting system (3), waste heat utilization system (4), tail gas processing system (5) and vapor condensing system (6), its characterized in that, pyrolysis system (2) are including airtight casing (21), reacting chamber (22), rotation axis (23), rotatory harrow, flue (25) and combustor (26), wherein:
the reaction chamber (22) is a horizontal cylindrical cylinder arranged in the closed shell (21), the upper part of the reaction chamber is provided with a feed inlet (222) sealed by an openable top cover (221), and the lower part of the reaction chamber is provided with a discharge outlet (223) sealed by an openable outlet gate (224); the rotating shaft (23) penetrates through the closed shell (21) and extends into the reaction chamber (22) along the axis of the cylindrical barrel body, the rotating shaft (23) is driven by the outside and is connected with the closed shell (21) to be sealed by a sealing device (231); the rotary harrow is fixed on the rotary shaft (23) and can rotate along with the rotary shaft (23) in the reaction chamber (22) and turn over materials; the flue (25) is arranged in a space between the closed shell (21) and the reaction chamber (22), and a flue gas outlet (251) for discharging flue gas is formed in the upper part of the flue; the burner (26) is arranged below the reaction chamber (22) of the closed shell (21), and the reaction chamber (22) is connected with the burner (26) through a pyrolysis gas pipe (225) from the side part of the feed port (222) to convey pyrolysis gas;
the drying and feeding system (1) is connected with the feeding hole (222) for feeding materials; the inlet of the solid collecting system (3) is connected with the discharge hole (223); the flue gas outlet (251) is connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat utilization system (4) to convey high-temperature flue gas; an air outlet of the waste heat utilization system (4) is connected with an air inlet of the drying and feeding system (1) to convey hot air, and a flue gas outlet of the waste heat utilization system is connected with the tail gas treatment system (5) to discharge low-temperature flue gas; an air outlet of the drying and feeding system (1) is connected with an air inlet of the water vapor condensation system (6) to convey secondary hot air; the air outlet of the water vapor condensation system (6) is connected with the burner (26).
2. The pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotary rake is a plate-type rotary rake (24) comprising 2 to 4U-shaped steel plates radially distributed and fixed on the rotary shaft (23) as scrapers around the rotary shaft (23); the included angle between the U-shaped steel plates is 10-30 degrees, the thickness is 5-20 mm, and the width is 150-300 mm; fixing a transverse sector annular partition plate as a rake tooth along the U-shaped steel plate every 200-500 mm, wherein the width of the rake tooth is equal to that of the scraper; the clearance between the outer contour of the scraper and the rake teeth and the inner surface of the reaction chamber (22) is not more than 10 mm.
3. A pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the rotary rake is a tubular rotary rake (24') comprising a U-shaped steel pipe connected to the rotary shaft (23), and the diameter of the U-shaped steel pipe is 50-200 mm; fixing a transverse fan-shaped annular partition plate as a rake tooth at intervals of 300-500 mm along the axial direction of the U-shaped steel pipe, wherein the width of the rake tooth is 150-300 mm; radially distributing and fixing 2-4 steel plates serving as scrapers on the U-shaped steel pipe and the rake teeth by taking the rotating shaft (23) as a center, wherein an included angle between the steel plates is 10-30 degrees, an included angle between the steel plates and the radial direction of the rotating shaft (23) is 5-10 degrees, and the thickness of the steel plates is 5-20 mm; the clearance between the outer contour of the scraper and the rake teeth and the inner surface of the reaction chamber (22) is not more than 10 mm.
4. A pyrolysis apparatus as claimed in claim 2 or 3 wherein the tines have a thickness of 5 to 15mm and an outer arc having a central angle 10 to 20 ° greater than the central angle of the inner arc.
5. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sealing means (231) is provided with two layers of seals, a first layer of seals being a refractory filler seal and a second layer of seals being a labyrinth seal provided externally of the first layer of seals; and nitrogen is filled in the cavity of the labyrinth seal.
6. A pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical barrel of the reaction chamber (22) has a diameter of 1000 to 3000mm and a diameter to height ratio of 1/3 to 1/2.
7. An organic solid waste pyrolysis method based on the rotary rake type organic solid waste pyrolysis device of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, feeding auxiliary fuel and hot air into a combustion chamber to combust to generate high-temperature flue gas, and preheating an upper reaction chamber;
s2, drying the organic solid waste raw materials by a drying feeding system and feeding the organic solid waste raw materials into a reaction chamber;
s3, driving the rotary rake to rotate and uniformly turn over the organic solid waste raw materials in the reaction chamber, pyrolyzing the organic solid waste raw materials to generate pyrolysis gas, guiding the pyrolysis gas in the reaction chamber into a burner to burn together with auxiliary fuel to heat the reaction chamber, and adjusting the flow of the auxiliary fuel and hot air of the burner according to the generation amount of the pyrolysis gas to maintain the pyrolysis temperature in the reaction chamber;
s4, after the pyrolysis reaction of the round is finished, pushing carbon residue and waste residue to be discharged from the reaction chamber to a solid collecting system by a rotary rake;
s5, feeding flue gas generated by combustion in the combustor into a waste heat utilization system to exchange heat with cold air, feeding the flue gas subjected to heat exchange into a tail gas treatment system, purifying and then emptying;
and S6, dividing the hot air in the waste heat utilization system into two paths, inputting one path of hot air into a drying and feeding system to dry the organic solid waste raw material, removing water in a steam condensation system, and sending the hot air and the other path of hot air back to the combustor.
8. The pyrolysis method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S2, the drying and feeding system adopts a belt conveyor arranged in the closed chamber, and the drying temperature in the belt conveyor is 100-200 ℃.
9. The pyrolysis method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S3, the rotation speed of the rotary rake is 0.5 to 20r/min, and the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction in the reaction chamber is 300 to 500 ℃.
10. The pyrolysis method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S5, the waste heat utilization system adopts a tubular heat exchanger or a rotary heat exchanger, and the outlet hot air temperature is 100-200 ℃.
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