CN113831495A - 一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，包括包括如下组分：多元醇组分30份、异氰酸酯组分40份、扩链剂5份、发泡剂10份、反应催化剂5份、表面活性剂5份和延时催化剂5份，多元醇组分选自饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚乙二醇与三羟甲基丙烷中的两种或多种，异氰酸酯组分选自1,4环己烷二甲醇己二酸酯与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种，延时催化剂为封闭胺、热活化胺或热敏性胺与有机锡的混合物。本发明利用延时催化剂的设置，通过封闭胺、热活化胺或热敏性胺与有机锡的混合物制备成的延时催化剂，延迟发泡时间，使得整体混合物倒入模具后才开始发泡，进而能够实现完全冲模，提高了制备聚氨酯材料的质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯材料制备领域，特别涉及一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料。
背景技术
随着科技的发达，现在铁轨上的轨枕除了用木材或混凝土当原料，还有用聚氨酯材料来当原料进行使用的，聚氨酯材料质量轻、绝热性能优越，同时还具有良好的抗震性能，现在的聚氨酯材料都是通过多元醇和异氰酸酯作为原材料，进入催化剂、发泡剂和一些其他添加剂，通过半预聚体法或一步发泡法进行制备，但是现在在制备过程中，在发泡剂加入后，搅拌几秒后便开始发泡了，导致材料在没有倒入模具中便进行发泡，导致无法完全冲模，降低了制备出聚氨酯材料的质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，包括如下组分：
优选的，所述多元醇组分选自饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚乙二醇与三羟甲基丙烷中的两种或多种。
优选的，所述异氰酸酯组分选自1,4环己烷二甲醇己二酸酯与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述扩链剂为1,4丁二醇。
优选的，所述发泡剂为碳酸氢钙与水的混合物。
优选的，所述反应催发剂二丁基二月桂酸锡。
优选的，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
优选的，所述延时催化剂为封闭胺、热活化胺或热敏性胺与有机锡的混合物。
优选的，所述聚氨酯材料具有以下特性：
表观总密度：0.6-0.8g/cm3；
吸水量：＜10mg/cm2；
弯曲弹性模量：＞6GPa；
竖向压缩强度：＞40MPa。
本发明还提供了一种一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将30份多元醇组分和40份异氰酸酯组分加入反应釜中，在反应釜内将温度加热至70℃后，对反应釜中的30份多元醇组分和40份异氰酸酯组分进行高速搅拌，搅拌完成后，向反应釜中多元醇组分和异氰酸酯组分的混合物中加入5份扩链剂和5份反应催发剂，再将反应釜中的反应温度调节至65℃，继续高速进行搅拌；
步骤二：搅拌完成后，再向30份多元醇组分、40份异氰酸酯组分、5份扩链剂和5份反应催发剂反应后的混合溶液中加入10份发泡剂、5份表面活性剂和5份延时催化剂，将反应釜内的温度设定为150℃，压力为10MPa，搅拌后直接将30份多元醇组分、40份异氰酸酯组分、5份扩链剂、5份反应催发剂、10份发泡剂、5份表面活性剂和5份延时催化剂的混合反应溶液直接导入模具中，在模具中冷却成型，同时因延时催发剂的作用，使得整体混合反应溶液在模具中冷却的同时并开始发泡，进而使得整体混合溶液可以完全在模具中进行冲模。
本发明的技术效果和优点：
(1)本发明利用延时催化剂的设置，通过封闭胺、热活化胺或热敏性胺与有机锡的混合物制备成的延时催化剂，延后发泡剂加入后在混合物的反应时间，同时减缓发泡剂在混合物的反应速度，使得整体混合物倒入模具后才开始发泡，进而能够实现完全冲模，提高了制备聚氨酯材料的质量；
(2)本发明利用脂肪族聚酯多元醇的设置，通过在多元醇组分中加入大量的脂肪族聚酯多元醇，使得制备出的聚氨酯材料表现出较大的强度，同时具有优良的耐磨性。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，包括如下组分：
多元醇组分选自饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚乙二醇与三羟甲基丙烷中的两种或多种，主要为饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇与聚碳酸酯二醇的混合物、饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇与聚乙二醇的混合物或者饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇与三羟基丙烷的混合物，当使用饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇与聚碳酸酯二醇、聚乙二醇或者三羟甲基丙烷混合时，饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇占多元醇组分的60％朝上，最好为80％，可有效的保证所制备的聚氨酯材料的质量，使得聚氨酯材料强度更大，同时具有优良的耐磨性能，同时还可在多元醇组分中加入少量的己内酯系聚酯多元醇，其是半结晶性聚合物，官能度与起始剂精确匹配，数均分子量分布比较窄，具有良好的热稳定性，使得添加了己内酯系聚酯多元醇所制备出的聚氨酯材料具有较高的拉伸强度，同时具有一定的弹性，使得通过聚氨酯材料做出的轨枕在使用时可对轨枕受到的震动进行缓冲，有效的延长了聚氨酯材料做的轨枕的使用寿命，同时还具有良好的耐水性，因轨枕是露天放置，长时间受到雨水的淋湿，进而使得聚氨酯材料制作的轨枕更耐用；
异氰酸酯组分选自1,4环己烷二甲醇己二酸酯与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种，通过异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分现在反应釜内反应，形成预聚体，便于后续反应的进行；
扩链剂为1,4丁二醇，通过1,4丁二醇为原材料的扩链剂的使用，使得制备出的聚氨酯材料在力学性能方面更加优越；
发泡剂为碳酸氢钙与水的混合物，通过碳酸氢钙和水的混合物当做发泡剂，使得聚氨酯材料可有效的进行发泡，有效的增强制备出的聚氨酯材料的使用性能；
反应催发剂二丁基二月桂酸锡，二丁基二月桂酸锡为原料的反应催发剂可加快多元醇组分和异氰酸酯组分的反应时间，缩短了聚氨酯材料的制备的时间，提高了聚氨酯材料的制备效率；
表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠，通过十二烷基苯磺酸钠为原料的表面活性剂使得混合溶液的表面张力显著下降，增加各组分的溶性，同时还起到乳化泡沫物料、稳定泡沫和调节泡孔的作用，同时还可加少量匀泡剂，在泡沫形成过程中，不溶性聚脲的析出会破坏泡沫的稳定，通过匀泡剂可使得聚脲分散，增大聚脲与泡沫基体的相容性，使得聚氨酯材料进行发泡时，其过程可更稳定，从而可进行均匀发泡；
延时催化剂为封闭胺、热活化胺或热敏性胺与有机锡的混合物，通过封闭胺、热活化胺或热敏性胺与有机锡的混合物作为延时催化剂，使得在发泡剂加入后，搅拌时不会立马使得发泡剂反应进行发泡，会使得发泡剂反应的时间延迟，进行再将混合溶液倒入模具后，混合溶液冷却的同时，发泡剂开始起作用，进而开始进行发泡，使得混合溶液在模具中可以完全冲模，从而使得制备的聚氨酯材料质量更好；
聚氨酯材料具有以下特性：表观总密度：0.6-0.8g/cm3；吸水量：＜10mg/cm2；弯曲弹性模量：＞6GPa；竖向压缩强度：＞40MPa。
本发明工作原理：将30份多元醇组分和40份异氰酸酯组分加入反应釜中，在反应釜内将温度加热至70℃后，对反应釜中的30份多元醇组分和40份异氰酸酯组分进行高速搅拌，搅拌完成后，向反应釜中多元醇组分和异氰酸酯组分的混合物中加入5份扩链剂和5份反应催发剂，再将反应釜中的反应温度调节至65℃，继续高速进行搅拌，搅拌完成后，再向30份多元醇组分、40份异氰酸酯组分、5份扩链剂和5份反应催发剂反应后的混合溶液中加入10份发泡剂、5份表面活性剂和5份延时催化剂，将反应釜内的温度设定为150℃，压力为10MPa，搅拌后直接将30份多元醇组分、40份异氰酸酯组分、5份扩链剂、5份反应催发剂、10份发泡剂、5份表面活性剂和5份延时催化剂的混合反应溶液直接导入模具中，在模具中冷却成型，同时因延时催发剂的作用，使得整体混合反应溶液在模具中冷却的同时并开始发泡，进而使得整体混合溶液可以完全在模具中进行冲模，使得制备出的聚氨酯材料质量更好。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，按照重量份数计，其组分包括：
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，所述多元醇组分选自饱和脂肪族聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚乙二醇与三羟甲基丙烷中的两种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，所述异氰酸酯组分选自1,4环己烷二甲醇己二酸酯与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，所述扩链剂为1,4丁二醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为碳酸氢钙与水的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，所述反应催发剂二丁基二月桂酸锡。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，所述延时催化剂为封闭胺、热活化胺或热敏性胺与有机锡的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯材料具有以下特性：
表观总密度：0.6-0.8g/cm3；
吸水量：＜10mg/cm2；
弯曲弹性模量：＞6GPa；
竖向压缩强度：＞40MPa。
10.一种可控发泡时间的聚氨酯材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将30份多元醇组分和40份异氰酸酯组分加入反应釜中，在反应釜内将温度加热至70℃后，对反应釜中的30份多元醇组分和40份异氰酸酯组分进行搅拌，搅拌完成后，向反应釜中多元醇组分和异氰酸酯组分的混合物中加入5份扩链剂和5份反应催发剂，再将反应釜中的反应温度调节至65℃，继续进行搅拌；
步骤二：搅拌完成后，再向30份多元醇组分、40份异氰酸酯组分、5份扩链剂和5份反应催发剂反应后的混合溶液中加入10份发泡剂、5份表面活性剂和5份延时催化剂，将反应釜内的温度设定为150℃，压力为10MPa，搅拌后直接将30份多元醇组分、40份异氰酸酯组分、5份扩链剂、5份反应催发剂、10份发泡剂、5份表面活性剂和5份延时催化剂的混合反应溶液直接导入模具中，在模具中冷却成型，同时因延时催发剂的作用，使得整体混合反应溶液在模具中冷却的同时并开始发泡，进而使得整体混合溶液可以完全在模具中进行冲模。
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