CN113831162A - Household kitchen garbage aerobic fermentation equipment - Google Patents
Household kitchen garbage aerobic fermentation equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113831162A CN113831162A CN202111335673.9A CN202111335673A CN113831162A CN 113831162 A CN113831162 A CN 113831162A CN 202111335673 A CN202111335673 A CN 202111335673A CN 113831162 A CN113831162 A CN 113831162A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention discloses household kitchen waste aerobic fermentation equipment which comprises a feeding dehydration device and a box body, wherein the feeding dehydration device comprises a kitchen waste feeding hole, an auxiliary material inlet, a percolate outlet and a discharging hole, and a feeding screw is arranged in the feeding dehydration device; the box body comprises a fermentation chamber and a water and gas treatment chamber, the fermentation chamber comprises a raw material fermentation area, a semi-clinker fermentation area, a clinker fermentation area and a discharge area from top to bottom, the raw material fermentation area is communicated with the semi-clinker fermentation area through a first opening, the semi-clinker fermentation area is communicated with the clinker fermentation area through a second opening, the clinker fermentation area is communicated with the discharge area through a third opening, the raw material fermentation area is connected with a discharge port, a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is arranged in the raw material fermentation area, spiral stirring components are respectively arranged in the semi-clinker fermentation area and the clinker fermentation area, and the discharge area is provided with a discharge port and an air inlet device; a clapboard is arranged between the fermentation bin and the water-gas treatment bin, and a condensing heat exchanger, an odor processor and a water-gas collecting tank are arranged in the water-gas treatment bin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of kitchen waste treatment, and particularly relates to household kitchen waste aerobic fermentation equipment.
Background
The data show that the current kitchen waste in rural China generates about 4000-6000 million tons per year, and the kitchen waste generates about 49.4% -64.5% of domestic waste. Because of the characteristics of high moisture, high oil content, high salt content, easy rancidity and degradation, odor generation and the like, environmental pollution can be caused by improper disposal. At present, the kitchen waste is mainly treated in a centralized mode after being collected, and the problems of difficult collection, difficult classification, difficult treatment of penetrating fluid, high transportation cost and the like exist. With the concept of urban and rural domestic waste classification, low-carbon circulation and the like in China, the demand of newly-built communities in cities and towns or rural areas on household kitchen waste composting equipment is obviously enhanced. On one hand, the kitchen waste can be treated on site through distributed aerobic fermentation treatment, so that the household waste collection and transportation treatment cost is reduced, and on the other hand, the obtained fermentation product can meet the requirements of flower fertilizer, yard fertilizer and the like.
At present, the application of household aerobic fermentation equipment for kitchen waste is just started, and the aerobic fermentation equipment for kitchen waste, such as Chenwei and the like, is processed into the kitchen waste aerobic fermentation equipment by adopting an outdoor wheeled plastic garbage can with a cover, so that the problems of low automation degree and odor emission are solved. The invention discloses small-sized integrated combined kitchen degradation equipment, such as yellow jujube birch and the like, wherein the equipment adopts single-bin fermentation, and a user has a direct contact risk with a fermented material. The aerobic fermentation equipment for household kitchen waste in the prior art can be summarized as follows: 1. the automation degree is low, manual operation is needed, and the labor time cost is increased; 2. the composting effect is not good, most of the existing reactors are single-bin fermentation, and materials with different decomposition degrees enter the fermentation process in the fermentation process, so that the final composting quality is influenced; 3. no odor treatment device, and the bad smell and toxic and harmful substances generated in the compost not only can cause environmental pollution, but also can threaten human health.
Therefore, the existing aerobic fermentation equipment for household kitchen waste needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide the aerobic fermentation equipment for the household kitchen waste, the treatment capacity and the organic fertilizer quality of the household kitchen waste can be improved by adopting the aerobic fermentation equipment, the collection and treatment of odor and percolate are realized, and the environmental pollution is avoided.
The invention provides an aerobic fermentation device for household kitchen garbage. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aerobic fermentation apparatus comprises:
the feed dehydration device comprises a kitchen waste feed inlet, an auxiliary material inlet, a percolate outlet and a discharge outlet, and a feed screw is arranged in the feed dehydration device;
a case, the case comprising:
a fermentation bin which comprises a raw material fermentation area, a semi-clinker fermentation area, a clinker fermentation area and a discharging area from top to bottom, a first opening is arranged at the downstream of the raw material fermentation area, the raw material fermentation area is communicated with the semi-clinker fermentation area through the first opening, a second opening is arranged at the downstream of the semi-clinker fermentation area, the semi-clinker fermentation area is communicated with the clinker fermentation area through the second opening, a third opening is arranged at the downstream of the clinker fermentation area, the clinker fermentation area is communicated with the discharging area through the third opening, the raw material fermentation area is connected with the discharging hole, a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is arranged in the raw material fermentation area, spiral stirring assemblies are respectively and independently arranged in the semi-clinker fermentation area and the clinker fermentation area, and a discharge opening and an air inlet device are arranged in the discharge area;
the storehouse is handled to the aqueous vapor, the fermentation storehouse with be equipped with the baffle between the storehouse is handled to the aqueous vapor, be equipped with condensation heat exchanger, odor treatment ware and steam holding vessel in the aqueous vapor is handled the storehouse, the steam holding vessel with the filtration liquid export links to each other, and be equipped with the fourth opening on the baffle, the condensation heat exchanger with raw material fermentation district passes through the fourth opening intercommunication, the odor treatment ware has the odor entry and purifies the gas export, the odor entry with the condensation heat exchanger links to each other, the condensation heat exchanger with the steam holding vessel links to each other.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the aerobic fermentation equipment for the household kitchen waste comprises a feeding dehydration device and a box body, wherein a fermentation bin and a water-gas treatment bin are arranged in the box body, a raw material fermentation area, a semi-clinker fermentation area, a clinker fermentation area and a discharging area are arranged in the fermentation bin from top to bottom, a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is arranged in the raw material fermentation area, spiral stirring components are respectively and independently arranged in the semi-clinker fermentation area and the clinker fermentation area, an air inlet device is arranged in the discharging area, the household kitchen waste is subjected to solid-liquid separation in the feeding dehydration device and then is supplied to the raw material fermentation area of the fermentation bin together with auxiliary materials, the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device in the raw material fermentation area crushes, stirs and conveys materials in the raw material fermentation area, and then the materials are supplied to the semi-clinker fermentation area for further fermentation through a first opening at the downstream of the raw material fermentation area, under the action of the spiral stirring component in the fermentation chamber, the raw materials, the semi-clinker and the clinker are supplied to the clinker fermentation zone through the second outlet at the downstream of the semi-clinker fermentation zone and are fermented completely in the clinker fermentation zone, namely, the raw materials, the semi-clinker and the clinker are fermented separately, and the material quantity of each zone is always in the upper limit of the effective volume of the equipment by respectively controlling the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device in the raw material fermentation zone and the rotating speed of the spiral stirring components in the semi-clinker fermentation zone and the clinker fermentation zone, so that the retention time of the materials in the fermentation chamber is prolonged, the treatment capacity of the equipment and the quality of organic fertilizer are improved, the completely fermented clinker generated in the clinker fermentation zone, namely the organic fertilizer is discharged into the discharging zone through the third opening at the downstream of the completely fermented clinker fermentation chamber and then discharged through the discharging opening on the discharging zone, and the air inlet device supplies air to the whole fermentation chamber, so as to ensure the smooth aerobic fermentation in each zone. Simultaneously through set up condensing heat exchanger in the aqueous vapor treatment storehouse, odor treatment ware and steam collection tank, the filtration liquid export on the feeding dewatering device links to each other with the steam collection tank, the filtration liquid that solid-liquid separation produced in the feeding dewatering device is directly supplied with to the steam collection tank in, and condensing heat exchanger and raw material fermentation district pass through the fourth opening intercommunication on the baffle, the odor that produces in the fermentation storehouse of being about to is supplied with to condensing heat exchanger and carries out the heat transfer, the comdenstion water of separation is supplied with to the steam collection tank after the heat transfer, odor after the heat transfer is supplied with and is discharged after the deodorization purifies in the odor treatment ware. From this, adopt the aerobic fermentation equipment of this application can improve family kitchen garbage's throughput and fertilizer quality to realize the collection and the processing of foul smell and filtration liquid, avoid environmental pollution.
In addition, the aerobic fermentation equipment for household kitchen waste according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the feeding dehydration device is arranged on the box body, and a feeding dehydration area, a filtering area, a buffer area and an auxiliary material area are sequentially arranged in the feeding dehydration device along the horizontal direction, a drainage area is arranged below the filtering area, the kitchen waste feeding port is arranged in the feeding and dewatering area, the feeding screw is arranged in the feeding area and extends to the filtering area, a solid material outlet is arranged at the downstream of the filtering area, the filtering area is communicated with the buffer area through the solid material outlet, a water filtering screen is arranged on the periphery of the filtering area, the percolate outlet is arranged in the drainage area, the auxiliary material inlet is arranged in the auxiliary material area, and the auxiliary material area is provided with a fifth opening, the auxiliary material area is communicated with the buffer area through the fifth opening, and the discharge hole is formed below the buffer area.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pitch of the helical blades on the feed screw decreases gradually in the direction from the feed dewatering zone to the filtration zone. Therefore, the dehydration rate of the kitchen waste can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, a first baffle plate is arranged between the raw material fermentation zone and the semi-clinker fermentation zone, and the first opening is arranged at the end part of the first baffle plate; a second baffle is arranged between the semi-clinker fermentation area and the clinker fermentation area, and the second opening is arranged at the end part of the second baffle; a third baffle is arranged between the clinker fermentation area and the discharging area, and a third opening is formed in the end portion of the third baffle. Therefore, the raw materials, the semi-clinker and the clinker can be fermented separately, and the quality of the organic fertilizer is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material fermentation zone, the semi-clinker fermentation zone and the clinker fermentation zone are respectively and independently 55 to 65cm long, 20 to 30cm wide and 20 to 30cm high. Therefore, the quality of the organic fertilizer can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the blade crushing and stirring conveyor is a double blade crushing and stirring conveyor.
In some embodiments of the invention, the twisting degree of the blades on the double-blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is 60-120 degrees, and the bending degree is 60-120 degrees.
In some embodiments of the invention, the included angle between the mounting part of the blade and the rotating shaft on the double-blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is 45-90 degrees.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material fermentation zone, the semi-clinker fermentation zone and the clinker fermentation zone are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, the purified gas outlet is provided with an odor concentration sensor, and the water vapor collection tank and the discharge zone are respectively provided with a position sensor.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the air intake device is a temperature-increasing air intake device, the temperature-increasing air intake device is disposed in the discharge area, and the temperature-increasing air intake device includes a centrifugal fan, a heater, and a flow meter. Therefore, the fermentation efficiency of the materials in the fermentation bin can be improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the aerobic fermentation equipment further comprises an intelligent control terminal, and the intelligent control terminal is respectively connected to the temperature sensor, the odor concentration sensor, the position sensor, the centrifugal fan and the flow meter. From this, the aerobic fermentation equipment of this application is intelligent, degree of automation is higher, reduces the time cost of labor and the operation degree of difficulty.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a zeolite filling area, an activated carbon filling area and an activated alumina filling area are arranged in the odor processor from bottom to top, the odor inlet is arranged in the zeolite filling area, and the purified gas outlet is arranged in the activated alumina filling area. Thus, efficient purification of odor can be achieved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of first U-shaped grooves are provided in the raw material fermentation zone, the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is provided in each first U-shaped groove, and the stirring shafts of the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device are arranged along the length direction of the first U-shaped groove; and/or a plurality of second U-shaped grooves are arranged in the semi-clinker fermentation zone, a spiral stirring assembly is arranged in each second U-shaped groove, and a stirring shaft of each spiral stirring assembly is arranged along the length direction of each second U-shaped groove; and/or a plurality of third U-shaped grooves are arranged in the clinker fermentation area, a spiral stirring assembly is arranged in each third U-shaped groove, and a stirring shaft of each spiral stirring assembly is arranged along the length direction of each third U-shaped groove.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a front view of an aerobic fermentation apparatus for household food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a feeding and dewatering device of an aerobic fermentation device for household kitchen waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3A is a partial right side view of a fermentation chamber of the aerobic fermentation device for household kitchen waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3B is a structural diagram of a blade of the blade type crushing stirring conveying device in the fermentation bin of the aerobic fermentation equipment for household kitchen waste according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3C is a structural diagram of a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device in a fermentation bin of the household kitchen waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3D is a structural diagram of a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device in a fermentation bin of an aerobic fermentation device for household kitchen waste according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of an aerobic fermentation apparatus for household food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of an aerobic fermentation apparatus for household food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the temperature change of each material in the raw material fermentation zone, the semi-clinker fermentation zone, the clinker fermentation zone and the discharge zone in the example;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the moisture content of each material in the raw material fermentation zone, the semi-clinker fermentation zone, the clinker fermentation zone and the discharge zone in the example;
FIG. 8 is the fertilizer efficiency change curves of the materials in the raw material fermentation zone, the semi-clinker fermentation zone, the clinker fermentation zone and the discharge zone in the example.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The invention provides an aerobic fermentation device for household kitchen garbage. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the aerobic fermentation apparatus includes a feed dewatering device 100 and a tank 200.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a feeding and dewatering device 100 includes a kitchen waste feeding port 101, an auxiliary material inlet 102, a leachate outlet 103 and a discharging port 104, and a feeding screw 10 is provided in the feeding and dewatering device 100, that is, kitchen waste is supplied into the feeding and dewatering device 100 through the kitchen waste feeding port 101, and is dewatered by the feeding screw 10 to obtain leachate and solid material, wherein the leachate is discharged through the leachate outlet 103, and the solid material obtained by separation is mixed with the auxiliary material and then discharged through the discharging port 104, and wherein the feeding screw can be rotated manually or rotated by a motor. And the kitchen waste feed inlet 101 is sealed by a sealing ring.
It should be noted that, the specific structure of the feeding and dewatering device 100 is not particularly limited in the present application as long as the above-mentioned functions can be achieved, for example, referring to fig. 2, the feeding and dewatering device 100 is disposed on the box 200, and the feeding and dewatering device 100 is sequentially provided with a feeding and dewatering area 11, a filtering area 12, a buffer area 13 and an auxiliary material area 14 along the horizontal direction, a drainage area 15 is disposed below the filtering area 12, a kitchen waste feeding port 101 is disposed in the feeding and dewatering area 11, a feeding screw 10 is disposed in the feeding area 11 and extends to the filtering area 12, a solid material outlet (not shown) is disposed at the downstream of the filtering area 12, the filtering area 12 is communicated with the buffer area 13 through the solid material outlet (not shown), a water filtering screen 121 is disposed at the periphery of the filtering area 12, a percolate outlet 103 is disposed in the drainage area 15, an auxiliary material inlet 102 is disposed in the auxiliary material area 14, and a fifth opening 141 is disposed on the auxiliary material area 14, the auxiliary material area 14 is communicated with the buffer area 13 through a fifth opening 141, and the discharge hole 104 is arranged below the buffer area 13. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, household kitchen waste is supplied to the feeding and dehydrating region 11 through the kitchen waste feeding hole 101, along with the rotation of the feeding screw 10 therein, the kitchen waste in the feeding and dehydrating region 11 is conveyed to the filtering region 12, percolate obtained by squeezing and separating materials in the filtering region 12 is filtered by the water filtering screen 121 on the periphery of the filtering region 12 and then enters the draining region 15, the remaining solid materials (with a water content of about 65 wt% -70 wt%) enter the buffering region 13 through the solid material outlet (not shown) arranged on the downstream of the filtering region 12, and auxiliary materials in the auxiliary material region 14 enter the buffering region 13 through the fifth opening 141 and are discharged together with the solid materials through the discharging hole 104 arranged below the buffering region 13.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the direction from the feeding dewatering zone 11 to the filtering zone 12, the pitch of the helical blades on the feeding screw 10 is gradually decreased from right to left, and the space is decreased to squeeze the material. And the technical personnel in the field can select the auxiliary materials in the auxiliary material area 13 according to actual needs, as long as the fermentation of the kitchen waste can be realized, for example, the auxiliary materials are sawdust, so that the compost quality is improved. Preferably, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the sawdust is 5: (2-2.5) so as to keep the mass ratio of C/N in the material to be fermented at 25-30: 1, can ensure the decomposing effect of compost and reduce NH3And H2And (4) discharging the S.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the box 200 comprises a fermentation chamber 21 and a water vapor treatment chamber 22, wherein the fermentation chamber 21 comprises a raw material fermentation area 211, a semi-clinker fermentation area 212, a clinker fermentation area 213 and a discharge area 214 from top to bottom, a first opening 201 is provided downstream of the raw material fermentation area 211, the raw material fermentation area 211 is communicated with the semi-clinker fermentation area 212 through the first opening 201, a second opening 202 is provided downstream of the semi-clinker fermentation area 212, the semi-clinker fermentation area 212 is communicated with the clinker fermentation area 213 through the second opening 202, a third opening 203 is provided downstream of the clinker fermentation area 213, the clinker fermentation area 213 is communicated with the discharge area 214 through the third opening 203, the raw material fermentation area 211 is connected with the discharge hole 104, and a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1 is provided in the fermentation area 211, preferably, referring to fig. 3A, the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1 is a double-blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device, referring to fig. 3B, the twisting degree of the blades on the double-blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is 60 to 120 degrees, and the bending degree is 60 to 120 degrees, so that the effects of pushing, crushing and mixing materials can be better realized. Further, the installation department of the blade on the broken stirring conveyor of blade formula 1 (being the part of being directly connected with the pivot on the blade) is 45 ~ 90 with the contained angle of pivot to can further realize the lapse to the material, smash, and the effect of mixing, the blade inclines towards first opening 201, for example refer to fig. 3C, the installation department of the blade on the broken stirring conveyor of double blade formula is 90 with the contained angle of pivot, refer to fig. 3D, the installation department of the blade on the broken stirring conveyor of double blade formula is 45 with the contained angle of pivot, and the blade interval that adjacent on the broken stirring conveyor of blade formula 1 is 3.2 ~ 4 cm.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 3A, the spiral stirring assemblies 2 are respectively and independently arranged in the semi-clinker fermentation zone 212 and the clinker fermentation zone 213, and the discharge zone 214 is provided with a discharge opening 204 and an air intake device 29. Specifically, the solid material after solid-liquid separation in the feeding dehydration device 100 and the auxiliary materials are supplied to a raw material fermentation area 211 of a fermentation bin 21 through a discharge hole 104 arranged at the bottom of a buffer area 13 on the feeding dehydration device 100, a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1 of the raw material fermentation area 211 crushes, stirs and conveys the materials in the raw material fermentation area, then the materials are supplied to a semi-clinker fermentation area 212 through a first opening 201 at the downstream of the raw material fermentation area 211 for further fermentation, and are supplied to a clinker fermentation area 213 through a second outlet 202 at the downstream of the semi-clinker fermentation area 212 for complete fermentation under the action of a spiral stirring component 2 in the semi-clinker fermentation area, namely, the raw material, the semi-clinker and the clinker are fermented separately, and the material amount of each area is always at the upper limit of the effective volume of the device by respectively controlling the rotating speed of the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1 in the raw material fermentation area 211 and the spiral stirring components 2 of the semi-clinker fermentation area 212 and the clinker fermentation area 213, the retention time of the materials in the fermentation bin 21 is prolonged, so that the processing capacity of the equipment and the quality of the organic fertilizer are improved, the completely fermented clinker generated in the clinker fermentation area 213, namely the organic fertilizer, is discharged into the discharge area 214 through the downstream third opening 203 and then is discharged through the discharge opening 204 on the discharge area 214 (the germination rate of the fermented seeds of the organic fertilizer discharged through the discharge opening 204 can reach more than 90%), and the air inlet device 29 arranged in the discharge area 214 supplies air to the whole fermentation bin from bottom to top, so that the smooth operation of aerobic fermentation in each area is ensured. Preferably, the discharge port 204 is disposed right below the third opening 203, and the air intake device 29 is preferably a temperature-increasing air intake device including a centrifugal fan (not shown), a heater (not shown) and a flow meter (not shown), wherein the heater is disposed in the centrifugal fan, the flow meter is disposed at an air outlet of the centrifugal fan, the centrifugal fan supplies air, and the temperature of the hot air supplied through the temperature-increasing air intake device is preferably 45 to 55 ° and the flow rate of the ventilation air is preferably controlled to 0.89 to 2.250L/min, and the hot air is supplied to the discharge zone 214 after being heated by the internal heater, thereby adjusting the fermentation temperatures in the raw material fermentation zone 211, the semi-clinker fermentation zone 212 and the clinker fermentation zone 213.
Further, the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1 and the spiral stirring assembly 2 are respectively driven by a motor. Preferably, the material moving speed of the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1 in the raw material fermentation area 211, the spiral stirring assembly 2 in the semi-clinker fermentation area 212 and the spiral stirring assembly 2 in the clinker fermentation area 213 is gradually reduced, and the material moving speed is slower when the material is fermented to the later stage because the material is degraded and the moisture is evaporated and the total volume of the material is reduced, so that the material is always at the upper limit of the effective volume, and the processing capacity of the reactor is improved.
Further, referring to fig. 1, a first baffle 23 is arranged between the raw material fermentation area 211 and the semi-clinker fermentation area 212, a first opening 201 is arranged at the end of the first baffle 23, a second baffle 24 is arranged between the semi-clinker fermentation area 212 and the clinker fermentation area 213, a second opening 202 is arranged at the end of the second baffle 24, a third baffle 25 is arranged between the clinker fermentation area 213 and the discharging area 214, and a third opening 203 is arranged at the end of the third baffle 25, namely, the raw material fermentation area 211, the semi-clinker fermentation area 212, the clinker area 213 and the discharging area 214 are separated by the baffles, so that the raw material, the semi-clinker and the clinker are separately fermented independently. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw material fermentation zone 211, the semi-clinker fermentation zone 212 and the clinker fermentation zone 213 have a length of 55 to 65cm, a width of 20 to 30cm and a height of 20 to 30cm, respectively, and the pitch of the helical blades of the helical stirring assembly 2 in the semi-clinker fermentation zone 212 and the clinker fermentation zone 213 is 16 to 20cm and the rotation speed is 15 to 30 r/min.
Further, referring to fig. 3A, a plurality of first U-shaped grooves 26 are formed in the raw material fermentation area 211, each first U-shaped groove is provided with a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1, and a stirring shaft of the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1 is arranged along the length direction of the first U-shaped groove 26; a plurality of second U-shaped grooves 27 are formed in the semi-clinker fermentation area 212, a spiral stirring assembly 2 is arranged in each second U-shaped groove 27, and stirring shafts of the spiral stirring assemblies 2 are arranged along the length direction of the second U-shaped grooves 27; a plurality of third U-shaped grooves 28 are formed in the clinker fermentation area 213, a spiral stirring assembly 2 is arranged in each third U-shaped groove 28, and stirring shafts of the spiral stirring assemblies 2 are arranged along the length direction of the third U-shaped grooves 28. Preferably, the number of the first U-shaped grooves 26, the second U-shaped grooves 27 and the third U-shaped grooves 28 is the same, and the end of the first U-shaped groove 26 corresponding to the first opening 201 is provided with an opening, and the end of the second U-shaped groove 27 corresponding to the second opening 202 is also provided with an opening, and the end of the third U-shaped groove 28 corresponding to the third opening 203 is also provided with an opening.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 4, a partition 220 is provided between the fermentation chamber 21 and the water vapor treatment chamber 22, a condensing heat exchanger 221, an odor gas treater 222 and a water vapor collection tank 223 are provided in the water vapor treatment chamber 22, the water vapor collection tank 223 is connected to the leachate outlet 103, and a fourth opening 205 is provided in the partition 220 (preferably, the fourth opening 205 is located at the middle upper portion of the partition 220), the condensing heat exchanger 221 is communicated with the raw material fermentation zone 211 through the fourth opening 205, the odor gas treater 222 is provided with an odor gas inlet 206 and a purified gas outlet 207, the odor gas inlet 206 is connected to the condensing heat exchanger 221, and the condensing heat exchanger 221 is connected to the water vapor collection tank 223. Specifically, leachate generated by solid-liquid separation in the feeding dehydration device 100 is directly supplied to the water vapor collection tank 223, the condensing heat exchanger 221 is communicated with the raw material fermentation zone 221 through the fourth opening 205 on the partition plate 220, namely, odor generated by fermentation in the fermentation bin 21 is supplied to the condensing heat exchanger 221 for heat exchange, condensed water separated after heat exchange is supplied to the water vapor collection tank 223, and the odor after heat exchange is supplied to the odor processor 222 for deodorization and purification and then is discharged. It should be noted that, a person skilled in the art can select the specific structure of the condensing heat exchanger 221 and the odor processor 222 according to actual needs as long as the above functions can be achieved, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 4, the odor processor 222 is provided with a zeolite filling area 2221, an activated carbon filling area 2222 and an activated alumina filling area 2223 from bottom to top, the odor inlet 206 is provided in the zeolite filling area 2221, and the purified gas outlet 207 is provided in the activated alumina filling area 2223, that is, the fermentation odor generated in the fermentation chamber 21 is supplied to the odor processor 222 and is sequentially treated by zeolite, activated carbon and activated alumina. Preferably, referring to fig. 4, a partition (not shown) is provided between the zeolite-packed section 2221 and the activated carbon-packed section 2222, a partition (not shown) is provided between the activated carbon-packed section 222 and the activated alumina-packed section 2223, and the partition (not shown) is provided with an opening, i.e., the odor gas after heat exchange by the condensing heat exchanger 221 is treated along an "S" shaped path in the odor gas treater 222, thereby ensuring that the exhausted odor gas is harmless and avoiding environmental pollution and human body harm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the box body 200 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure, the fermentation chamber 21 is disposed at the right side of the box body, the water vapor treatment chamber 22 is disposed at the left side of the box body 200, and a vertical partition 220 is disposed between the fermentation chamber 21 and the water vapor treatment chamber 22.
Further, the raw material fermentation zone 211, the semi-clinker fermentation zone 212 and the clinker fermentation zone 213 are respectively provided with a temperature sensor (not shown) for monitoring the temperature of the raw material fermentation zone 211, the semi-clinker fermentation zone 212 and the clinker fermentation zone 213; a odor concentration sensor (not shown) is provided at the purified gas outlet 207 for monitoring whether the purified gas dispensed from the odor processor 222 meets the emission standards, and position sensors (not shown) are provided at the vapor collection tank 223 and the discharge area 214 for detecting the level of the liquid in the vapor collection tank 223 and the level of the material pile in the discharge area 214, respectively.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the above-mentioned aerobic fermentation equipment further comprises an intelligent control terminal 400, the intelligent control terminal 400 is respectively connected with the temperature sensor, the odor concentration sensor, the position sensor, the centrifugal fan and the flow meter, and is adapted to adjust the aerobic fermentation equipment according to the feedback of the temperature sensor, the odor concentration sensor, the position sensor, the centrifugal fan and the flow meter, for example, the intelligent control terminal 400 is respectively connected with the temperature sensor, the odor concentration sensor, the position sensor, the centrifugal fan and the flow meter through data lines (not shown), and the data lines are attached to the inner wall of the box 200. Specifically, the temperature sensors collect the temperature data of the raw material fermentation area 211, the semi-clinker fermentation area 212 and the clinker fermentation area 213 and feed the data back to the intelligent control terminal 400, and when the average temperature fed back by the temperature sensors is lower than 45 ℃, the intelligent control terminal 400 controls the temperature-increasing air inlet device to start to provide hot air for the fermentation bin; and when the average temperature fed back by the temperature sensor is more than 55 ℃, controlling the heating air inlet device to be closed. Meanwhile, the odor concentration sensor collects whether the purified gas components processed by the odor processor 222 meet the emission standard, and if the purified gas components meet the emission standard, the intelligent control terminal 400 is fed back to display a green light, otherwise, the intelligent control terminal 400 is fed back to display a red light. Establish the position sensor in steam collecting tank 223 simultaneously and gather liquid position height data in it, feedback intelligent control terminal 400 judges whether the position height exceeds preset height, if so, the red light scintillation reminds the operator to discharge liquid in steam collecting tank 223, can effectively avoid overflowing of foul smell, otherwise, show green light, and establish position sensor collection its interior compost position height data in district 214 of unloading, feedback intelligent control terminal 400 judges whether the position height exceeds preset height, if so, the red light scintillation reminds the operator to take out the fertilizer that is rotten in the district 214 of unloading, fertilizer, otherwise, show green light.
It should be noted that the intelligent control terminal 400 is a control device conventionally used in the field as long as the above functions can be achieved, for example, the intelligent control terminal 400 includes an electronic display screen, an odor concentration indicator light, a discharge area capacity indicator light, a vapor collection tank capacity indicator light, a start switch, an emergency stop switch, and the like.
Further, a heat insulation layer (not shown) with a thickness of 3-5 cm is arranged on the inner wall of the box body 200, the heat insulation layer is filled with foam, and in the aerobic fermentation equipment, the part in contact with the kitchen waste is coated with an anti-corrosion coating.
Compared with the prior art, the aerobic fermentation equipment for the household kitchen garbage has the following advantages:
the aerobic fermentation equipment has high automation degree, and an operator only needs to put the household kitchen waste into the aerobic fermentation equipment, and the aerobic fermentation equipment can automatically perform intelligent operations such as squeezing, dewatering, crushing, stirring, conveying, temperature control, odor treatment and emission and the like on the kitchen waste;
the aerobic fermentation equipment has good composting effect, is of a double-groove multilayer structure, separates the raw and cooked materials, and can meet the use requirement of a user on the fertilizer because stirring aeration is changed according to internal change;
the aerobic fermentation equipment has no pollution gas emission and good air tightness, and the generated pollution gas is effectively treated to prevent secondary pollution;
the aerobic fermentation equipment has wide applicability and smaller volume, is suitable for household kitchens, has the volume meeting the garbage of 20 days of four families, solves the problem of inconvenient treatment of household kitchen garbage at present, and realizes resource recycling.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Examples
Referring to fig. 5, after solid-liquid separation, the household kitchen waste is supplied to a feeding and dewatering device 100, and is supplied to a raw material fermentation area 211 of a fermentation bin 21 together with wood chips (the mass ratio of the solid-liquid separated kitchen waste to the wood chips is 10:3, the twisting degree of blades on a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1 of the raw material fermentation area 211 is 80 degrees, the bending degree is 70 degrees, the included angle between the mounting part of the blades and a rotating shaft is 60 degrees, the distance between the adjacent blades is 4cm, the material in the raw material fermentation area 211 is crushed, stirred and conveyed by the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device 1, then the material is supplied to a semi-clinker fermentation area 212 through a first opening 201 at the downstream of the raw material fermentation area 211 for further fermentation, and is supplied to a clinker fermentation area 213 for complete fermentation through a second outlet 202 at the downstream of the semi-clinker fermentation area 212 under the action of a spiral stirring component 2 (the screw pitch is 16cm and the rotating speed is 15r/min) therein, the completely fermented clinker, namely the organic fertilizer, generated in the clinker fermentation area 213 under the action of the spiral stirring assembly 2 (the screw pitch is 16cm, and the rotating speed is 15r/min) in the clinker fermentation area 213 is discharged into the discharging area 214 (the temperature, the moisture content and the fertilizer efficiency (represented by the germination rate of fermented seeds) of each material in the raw material fermentation area 211, the semi-clinker fermentation area 212, the clinker fermentation area 213 and the discharging area 214 are respectively shown in figures 6-8) through a third opening 203 at the downstream of the completely fermented clinker fermentation area, and then the completely fermented clinker is discharged through a discharging opening 204 on the discharging area 214, and air is supplied to the fermentation bin from top to bottom by utilizing an air inlet device 29 arranged in the discharging area 214. Indexes such as fermentation temperature, water content and seed germination rate of the kitchen waste meet relevant standard requirements, and harmless treatment of the kitchen waste is realized. Meanwhile, a condensing heat exchanger 221, an odor processor 222 and a water vapor collecting tank 223 are arranged in the water vapor treating bin 22, a leachate outlet 103 on the feeding dehydration device 100 is connected with the water vapor collecting tank 223, namely, leachate generated by solid-liquid separation in the feeding dehydration device 100 is directly supplied to the water vapor collecting tank 223, the condensing heat exchanger 221 is communicated with the raw material fermentation area 211 through a fourth opening 205 on a partition plate 220, namely, odor generated by fermentation in the fermentation bin 21 is supplied to the condensing heat exchanger 221 for heat exchange, separated condensate water is supplied to the water vapor collecting tank 223 after heat exchange, and the odor after heat exchange is supplied to the odor processor 222 for deodorization and purification and then is discharged.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The household kitchen garbage aerobic fermentation equipment is characterized by comprising:
the feed dehydration device comprises a kitchen waste feed inlet, an auxiliary material inlet, a percolate outlet and a discharge outlet, and a feed screw is arranged in the feed dehydration device;
a case, the case comprising:
a fermentation bin which comprises a raw material fermentation area, a semi-clinker fermentation area, a clinker fermentation area and a discharging area from top to bottom, a first opening is arranged at the downstream of the raw material fermentation area, the raw material fermentation area is communicated with the semi-clinker fermentation area through the first opening, a second opening is arranged at the downstream of the semi-clinker fermentation area, the semi-clinker fermentation area is communicated with the clinker fermentation area through the second opening, a third opening is arranged at the downstream of the clinker fermentation area, the clinker fermentation area is communicated with the discharging area through the third opening, the raw material fermentation area is connected with the discharging hole, a blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is arranged in the raw material fermentation area, spiral stirring assemblies are respectively and independently arranged in the semi-clinker fermentation area and the clinker fermentation area, and a discharge opening and an air inlet device are arranged in the discharge area;
the storehouse is handled to the aqueous vapor, the fermentation storehouse with be equipped with the baffle between the storehouse is handled to the aqueous vapor, be equipped with condensation heat exchanger, odor treatment ware and steam holding vessel in the aqueous vapor is handled the storehouse, the steam holding vessel with the filtration liquid export links to each other, and be equipped with the fourth opening on the baffle, the condensation heat exchanger with raw material fermentation district passes through the fourth opening intercommunication, the odor treatment ware has the odor entry and purifies the gas export, the odor entry with the condensation heat exchanger links to each other, the condensation heat exchanger with the steam holding vessel links to each other.
2. The aerobic fermentation device according to claim 1, wherein the feed dewatering device is provided on the tank, and a feeding dehydration area, a filtering area, a buffer area and an auxiliary material area are sequentially arranged in the feeding dehydration device along the horizontal direction, a drainage area is arranged below the filtering area, the kitchen waste feeding port is arranged in the feeding and dewatering area, the feeding screw is arranged in the feeding area and extends to the filtering area, a solid material outlet is arranged at the downstream of the filtering area, the filtering area is communicated with the buffer area through the solid material outlet, a water filtering screen is arranged on the periphery of the filtering area, the percolate outlet is arranged in the drainage area, the auxiliary material inlet is arranged in the auxiliary material area, and the auxiliary material area is provided with a fifth opening, the auxiliary material area is communicated with the buffer area through the fifth opening, and the discharge hole is formed below the buffer area.
3. The aerobic fermentation device according to claim 2, wherein the pitch of the helical blades on the feed screw is gradually decreased in the direction from the feed dewatering zone to the filtration zone.
4. The aerobic fermentation device according to claim 1, wherein a first baffle plate is arranged between the raw material fermentation zone and the semi-clinker fermentation zone, and the first opening is arranged at the end of the first baffle plate;
a second baffle is arranged between the semi-clinker fermentation area and the clinker fermentation area, and the second opening is arranged at the end part of the second baffle;
a third baffle is arranged between the clinker fermentation area and the discharging area, and a third opening is formed in the end portion of the third baffle.
5. The aerobic fermentation device according to claim 1, wherein the length of each of the raw material fermentation zone, the semi-clinker fermentation zone and the clinker fermentation zone is 55 to 65cm, the width thereof is 20 to 30cm, and the height thereof is 20 to 30 cm;
optionally, the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is a double blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device;
optionally, the twisting degree of the blades on the double-blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device is 60-120 degrees, and the bending degree is 60-120 degrees;
optionally, the included angle between the mounting part of the blade on the double-blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device and the rotating shaft is 45-90 degrees.
6. The aerobic fermentation device according to claim 1, wherein the raw material fermentation zone, the semi-clinker fermentation zone and the clinker fermentation zone are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, the purified gas outlet is provided with an odor concentration sensor, and the water vapor collection tank and the discharging zone are respectively provided with a position sensor.
7. The aerobic fermentation device of claim 6 wherein the air intake means is a temperature-increasing air intake means, the temperature-increasing air intake means is disposed in the discharge area, and the temperature-increasing air intake means comprises a centrifugal fan, a heater and a flow meter.
8. The aerobic fermentation device of claim 7 further comprising an intelligent control terminal, wherein the intelligent control terminal is connected to the temperature sensor, the odor concentration sensor, the position sensor, the centrifugal fan and the flow meter respectively.
9. The aerobic fermentation equipment of claim 1, wherein a zeolite filling area, an activated carbon filling area and an activated alumina filling area are arranged in the odor processor from bottom to top, the odor inlet is arranged in the zeolite filling area, and the purified gas outlet is arranged in the activated alumina filling area.
10. The aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1 or 4, wherein a plurality of first U-shaped grooves are arranged in the raw material fermentation zone, each first U-shaped groove is provided with the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying device, and the stirring shafts of the blade type crushing, stirring and conveying devices are arranged along the length direction of the first U-shaped groove; and/or
A plurality of second U-shaped grooves are formed in the semi-clinker fermentation zone, the spiral stirring assembly is arranged in each second U-shaped groove, and the stirring shafts of the spiral stirring assemblies are arranged along the length direction of the second U-shaped grooves; and/or
A plurality of third U-shaped grooves are formed in the clinker fermentation area, each third U-shaped groove is internally provided with the spiral stirring assembly, and a stirring shaft of the spiral stirring assembly is arranged along the length direction of the third U-shaped groove.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111335673.9A CN113831162A (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Household kitchen garbage aerobic fermentation equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111335673.9A CN113831162A (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2021-11-11 | Household kitchen garbage aerobic fermentation equipment |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203292176U (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-11-20 | 北京博源环能工程技术有限公司 | Continuous restaurant-kitchen garbage and kitchen garbage on-site processing equipment |
| CN105461367A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Household garbage fermentation and fertilizer making device and method |
| CN208200773U (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Community's environmental protection compact organic waste quick composting composting arrangement |
| CN111662100A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-15 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Domestic kitchen garbage compost equipment of integration |
| CN112851410A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-05-28 | 泥莱克(哈尔滨)废物治理有限公司 | Containing type kitchen waste solid aerobic fermentation equipment and fermentation process |
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2021
- 2021-11-11 CN CN202111335673.9A patent/CN113831162A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203292176U (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-11-20 | 北京博源环能工程技术有限公司 | Continuous restaurant-kitchen garbage and kitchen garbage on-site processing equipment |
| CN105461367A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Household garbage fermentation and fertilizer making device and method |
| CN208200773U (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Community's environmental protection compact organic waste quick composting composting arrangement |
| CN111662100A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-15 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Domestic kitchen garbage compost equipment of integration |
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Application publication date: 20211224 |