CN113823526B - AC zero-crossing action arc-free switch and working method thereof - Google Patents
AC zero-crossing action arc-free switch and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113823526B CN113823526B CN202111135006.6A CN202111135006A CN113823526B CN 113823526 B CN113823526 B CN 113823526B CN 202111135006 A CN202111135006 A CN 202111135006A CN 113823526 B CN113823526 B CN 113823526B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
- H01H36/0073—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding actuated by relative movement between two magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention relates to an alternating current zero-crossing action arc-free switch and a working method thereof, wherein the switch comprises two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets, an electromagnet, a solenoid and a main contact, and the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets comprise a first Ru-Fe-B strong magnet and a second Ru-Fe-B strong magnet; two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets and an electromagnet are arranged in a solenoid, the electromagnet is positioned between the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets, two Ru Tiepeng strong magnets with opposite polarities are used as pistons and driven by the electromagnet to form a push-pull piston type high-speed magnetic holding switch driven by the electromagnet, the electromagnet is driven by the current of the solenoid, the switch is controlled to be switched on and off by changing the current direction of the solenoid, basis is provided for calculation of zero crossing actions, a voltage zero crossing detector and a current zero crossing detector are further arranged on the switch for realizing accurate zero crossing actions, calculation data are provided for zero crossing driving, the switch is switched on in voltage zero crossing, and the switch is switched off in current zero crossing, so that AC arcless operation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an alternating current zero-crossing action arc-free switch and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of power switches.
Background
The AC switch is one of the most widely used devices of a power system, the power load of the power grid is almost an inductive load at present, for the inductive load, because the voltage of an inductor can be suddenly changed and the current cannot be suddenly changed, when the switch is turned on, the contact distance is rapidly reduced, electric sparks (arcs) can be generated when the distance is smaller than the voltage breakdown distance, when the switch is turned off, the contacts are rapidly separated from the contact state, the contact current is rapidly reduced (di/dt), a strong self-induced electromotive force is generated, the intensity of the self-induced electromotive force is related to di/dt (current change rate) and is generally 3 to 10 times of the voltage value, because the contacts are moved from the contact state to the off state in the switching-off process of the switch, the self-induced electromotive force is greatly higher than the power voltage, the arc-striking time is longer and the arc-striking is stronger, so when the traditional switch acts, the arc-striking is unavoidable, and the arc-striking is stronger and longer than the arc-striking time when the switch is switched on under the general condition, the arc-striking is seriously ablated on contacts, the service life of the switch is shortened, the reliability of operation and personal safety are affected, and for the purposes, scientists have no intermittent study on arc prevention and arc extinction all the time, digestion is introduced and popularization and application are carried out in succession for the middle-high voltage vacuum switch and the SF6 high voltage switch for a plurality of years, but the prior vacuum switch can only be used in a medium-voltage power grid, the SF6 switch is mainly used, the SF6 switch does not compound the environment-friendly requirement, and no substitute is found so far, so that the arc-striking is a great difficulty of power equipment.
At present, an air switch and an arc-proof cover are adopted for arc prevention of a low-voltage switch, a vacuum switch is adopted for arc extinction of a medium-voltage switch, an SF6 switch is adopted for arc extinction of a high-voltage switch, along with the rising of voltage, the manufacturing cost is higher and higher, the remote control is difficult to realize, and the air switch and the arc-proof cover are not suitable for smart grid construction, so that the smart grid construction is still in line up to date.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a push-pull piston type high-speed switch taking a Ru-Fe-B strong magnet as a piston.
The invention also provides an intelligent driving principle and a circuit of the switch, which realize the switching-on at the zero crossing of voltage and the switching-off at the zero crossing of current, and eliminate the arcing phenomenon from mechanism.
The invention also provides an electric principle and a circuit for zero crossing detection of equipotential voltage and current required by medium-high voltage intelligent driving.
The invention also provides a working method of the high-speed switch.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a push-pull piston type high-speed switch taking a Ru-Fe-B strong magnet as a piston comprises two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets, an electromagnet, a solenoid, a main contact, a limiting frame or a shell, wherein the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets comprise a first Ru-Fe-B strong magnet and a second Ru-Fe-B strong magnet; the two strong magnets Ru Tiepeng and the electromagnet are arranged in the solenoid, the electromagnet is positioned between the two strong magnets of Ru-Fe-B, the two strong magnets of Ru-Fe-B are opposite in polarity, the two strong magnets of Ru Tiepeng with opposite polarities are used as pistons and driven by the solenoid to form a push-pull (push-pull) type piston type high-speed magnetic latching switch driven by the electromagnet, the electromagnet is driven by the current of the solenoid to form the pushing wrist force of the two strong magnets of Ru-Fe-B to move, the left and right movement of the two strong magnets of Ru-Fe-B is controlled by changing the current direction of the solenoid, the switch is switched on and off, the switch is switched on when the voltage crosses zero according to an arc-discharging mechanism, and the switch is switched off when the current crosses zero, so that the alternating current arc-free operation is realized. The two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets form push-pull force, the push-pull force keeps the switch motionless under static state, magnetic holding force is formed, when a strong enough electric pulse is given to the solenoid coil, the push-pull force pushes the strong magnet to slide like a piston, driving current is increased, or the switch is cascaded in multiple stages, so that the movement speed of the strong magnet can be improved, high-speed switching can be realized, the switching of on and off of the switch can be controlled by changing the current direction, and as the speed of the switch is fast enough, the switch can be controlled by a computer to be switched on when the voltage crosses zero, and the switch is switched off when the current crosses zero, so that the arcing phenomenon is eliminated fundamentally.
According to the invention, the push-pull piston type high-speed switch further comprises a hard insulating rod which is longitudinally impacted and does not deform, the hard insulating rod penetrates through the center of the electromagnet and can slide, a second Ru-Fe-B strong magnet is fixedly arranged at one end close to the electromagnet, a first Ru-B strong magnet is fixedly arranged at a safe insulating distance (a safe distance in a contact disconnection state, such as 220V under the air is about 5mm, 10KV is about 7mm and the like) from the other end of the electromagnet, the polarity of the first Ru-Fe-B strong magnet is opposite to that of the second Ru-B strong magnet, the first Ru-B strong magnet and the second Ru-B strong magnet are both arranged in the solenoid, the current direction of the solenoid controls the switch, and the hard insulating rod acts back and forth to control the connection or disconnection of a main contact.
According to the invention, two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets are preferably protected fromThe push-pull piston type high-speed switch further comprises a positioning frame or a shell, and the positioning frame or the shell is arranged outside the solenoid; the inner length of the positioning frame or the outer shell is shorter than the length of the hard insulating rod, and the difference between the inner length of the positioning frame or the outer shell and the length of the hard insulating rod is 0.1-0.2 mm. The design has the advantage that the Ru-Fe-B is prevented from being broken by impact;
according to the invention, the electromagnet is preferably fixed in Luo Xianjuan, luo Xianjuan adopts a pulse driving mode, the width of driving pulse is 2.3τ, τ=l/R, L/R is a time constant, L is the inductance of the solenoid, and R is the sum of the resistance of Luo Xianjuan and the internal resistance of the power supply.
The intelligent monitoring circuit of the Ru Tiepeng push-pull piston type high-speed switch comprises a middle-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit and an intelligent driving circuit;
the voltage phase zero crossing pulse generated by the medium-high voltage zero crossing phase detection circuit passes through a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1), the generated current phase zero crossing pulse passes through a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2) and is sent to the intelligent driving circuit, and the intelligent driving circuit enters an interrupt service routine after receiving an action instruction (comprising manual operation): the interrupt service routine firstly determines the current direction of Luo Xianjuan through a solenoid current reversing relay according to the instruction content (on/off), then waits for a driving pulse, outputs the driving pulse when the voltage or the current crosses zero, and realizes the zero-crossing arc-free action of the high-speed switch by high-speed switch action.
According to the present invention, preferably, the medium-high voltage zero crossing phase detection circuit includes: an equipotential parasitic direct current stabilized power supply, a voltage phase sensor and a current phase sensor;
the equipotential parasitic direct current stabilized voltage power supply comprises a traditional current transformer CT with a middle tap, a rectifying diode D1, rectifying diodes D2 and 5V, a stabilizing diode DW, a triode Q1, a charging diode D3, a rechargeable battery DC, a filtering capacitor C1 and a filtering capacitor C2, wherein the middle tap of the current transformer CT is connected with a high-voltage line, two ends of the current transformer CT are respectively connected with one end of the rectifying diode D1 and one end of the rectifying diode D2, the other end of the rectifying diode D1 is connected with the other end of the rectifying diode D2, one end of the stabilizing diode DW, a collector electrode of the triode Q1 and one end of the charging diode D3, the other end of the charging diode D3 is connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery DC, one end of the filtering capacitor C1 and one end of the filtering capacitor C2, and the other end of the stabilizing diode DW is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q1, and the other end of the filtering capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and the emitter electrode of the triode are connected to the high-voltage line; forming an equipotential parasitic direct current stabilized power supply;
the voltage phase sensor includes: the device comprises a capacitor C3 and a first comparator, wherein one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with one input end of the first comparator, the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the other input end of the first comparator, the output end of the first comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R1 and the input end of a NOT gate U1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the high-voltage line, the output end of the NOT gate U1 is connected with one end of a resistor light-emitting diode D1, the other end of the light-emitting diode D1 is connected with one end of a R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a 5V power supply, the light pulse of the light-emitting diode is coupled to a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1), and the first optical fiber conducts a voltage zero-crossing light pulse signal to the T1 end of a ground switch circuit;
the current phase sensor further comprises a Meng Tong resistance current sensor and a second comparator, wherein two ends of the manganese copper resistance current sensor are respectively connected with two input ends of the second comparator, the output end of the second comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R3 and the input end of a phase device U2, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with a high-voltage wire, the output end of the phase device U2 is connected with one end of a light emitting diode D2, the other end of the light emitting diode D2 is connected with one end of a resistor R4, the other end of the light emitting diode D2 is connected with a 5V power supply, and light pulses of the light emitting diode D2 are coupled to a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2) which conducts current zero-crossing light pulse signals to the T2 end of the ground switch circuit.
According to the invention, the intelligent driving circuit comprises a singlechip, a manual switch circuit, a driving circuit and a state display circuit;
the singlechip also comprises a power-on reset circuit and an oscillating circuit; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a 5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R1 is respectively connected with the capacitor C1 and the SET end of the singlechip, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded to form the power-on reset circuit; one end of the capacitor C2 and one end of the capacitor C3 are grounded, the other end of the capacitor C2 is respectively connected with one end of the crystal Y and an oscillation end of the singlechip, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is respectively connected with the other end of the crystal Y and the other oscillation end of the singlechip to form the oscillation circuit;
the manual switch circuit comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a switch SW1 and a switch SW2, wherein one ends of the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are connected with a 5V power supply, one ends of the switch SW1, the switch SW2, the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C5 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R2 is respectively connected with the other ends of the switch SW1 and the capacitor C4 and the INT1 end of the singlechip, and the other end of the resistor R3 is respectively connected with the other ends of the switch SW2 and the capacitor C5 and the INT2 end of the singlechip;
the driving circuit comprises a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a triode Q1, a triode Q2, a diode D3, a diode D4 and a relay K3, wherein one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the I/O1 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collecting electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the diode D4 and one end of a coil of the relay K3, the other end of the coil of the relay K3 is connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the other end of the diode D4 and a 12V power supply, two ends of a double-knife double-Zheng switch are connected at two ends of a roller coil, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the I/O2 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collecting electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the diode D3, two contacts of the relay K3, and the other end of the diode D3 is connected with the 12V power supply;
the state display circuit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a diode D5 and a diode D6, wherein one ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with two cutters of the relay K3, the other ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with one ends of the diode D5 and the diode D6, and the other ends of the diode D5 and the diode D6 are grounded. The circuit diagram of the intelligent driving circuit is shown in fig. 2.
The working method of the Ru Tiepeng push-pull piston type high-speed switch comprises the following steps:
(1) The phase zero crossing pulses generated by the voltage phase sensor and the current phase sensor are respectively transmitted to a timer T1 and a timer T2 of the singlechip through a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1) and a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2) to carry out periodic measurement, the power grid does not need optical fiber isolation, and when the singlechip receives an action instruction or manual control, the step (2) is carried out to interrupt a service program;
(2) Starting time delay from the zero crossing position of the end of the first half period based on the time data of the first half period, wherein the time delay is the time of the first half period minus half of the switching action time, and starting to output the pulse for driving the solenoid so that the action time is exactly controlled at the zero crossing position, when the received command is on, a voltage zero crossing signal is used, and when the received command is off, a current zero crossing signal is used.
Further preferably, the intelligent driving circuit is initialized after being powered on, the initialization comprises initializing the state modes of all ports, and further comprises storing a change table of the switching speed along with the temperature and the humidity, after the initialization is completed, the singlechip receives the zero-crossing pulse of the A-phase voltage through the port of the timer T1, receives the zero-crossing pulse of the current through the port of the timer T2, respectively measures the A-phase voltage and the current period, continuously stores refreshing, waits for manual or telecontrol control instructions, and enters a driving interrupt service process when receiving the control instructions, wherein the interrupt service process is as follows:
A. setting the state of a relay K3 (the current direction of a solenoid coil) through the I/O1 end of the singlechip according to a control command, and waiting for driving of driving pulse after setting to be on or off;
B. the driving pulse is output by the I/O2 end, the time of the driving pulse output starts to delay after the zero crossing of the first half period, the time of the delay is the time of the first half period minus half of the switching action time (the switching action time is obtained through table lookup), the driving pulse just falls on the zero crossing point, for a three-phase switch, the triggering pulse is delayed by 2/3 of the time (1200) of the first half period with the A phase as the standard, and is also delayed by 1200 as the C phase, B-phase driving pulse is output from I/O3 and I/O4 respectively, and I/O5 and I/O6 output C-phase pulse.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the switch of the invention is switched on when the voltage crosses zero and switched off when the current crosses zero, thus effectively eliminating the arcing phenomenon in principle, enabling a medium-low voltage power grid below 35KV to be used as an air switch, and a high-voltage power grid to be replaced by a vacuum switch, thus greatly reducing the equipment cost and the installation cost, and solving the problem of environmental protection by replacing an SF6 switch with the vacuum switch.
2. The switch of the invention has the advantages of no arcing, no ablation of contacts, prolonged service life, and improved operation safety, reliability, usability and operability.
3. The switch structure principle of the invention is suitable for various AC power grids, high-to-high voltage power grids, low-to-low voltage power grids, large-to-large transformer stations, small-to-small electric appliances, and single-phase and three-phase switches are all practical.
4. The switch of the invention has two working modes of manual operation and remote operation, can be independently operated, and can be directly linked with other intelligent equipment to form an automatic remote operation system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Ru-Fe-B push-pull piston type high-speed switch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the intelligent switch driving circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a medium-high voltage zero crossing phase detection circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further defined by, but is not limited to, the following drawings and examples in conjunction with the specification.
Example 1
To achieve switching at ac zero crossings requires first a fast switch, which cannot be achieved if the switch is too slow (e.g. over 10 ms), and the switching time is stable, which cannot be achieved every time exactly at zero crossings if it is not stable.
A push-pull piston type high-speed switch taking a Ru-Fe-B strong magnet as a piston is shown in fig. 1, and comprises two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets, an electromagnet, a solenoid and a main contact, wherein the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets comprise a first Ru-Fe-B strong magnet and a second Ru-Fe-B strong magnet; two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets and an electromagnet are arranged in a solenoid, the electromagnet is positioned between the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets, the two Ru Tiepeng strong magnets with opposite polarities are used as pistons and driven by the solenoid to form a push-pull (push-pull) type piston type high-speed magnetic latching switch driven by the electromagnet, the electromagnet is driven by the current of the solenoid to form the pushing wrist force of the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets to move, the current direction of the solenoid is changed to control the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets to move left and right, the switching on and the switching off of the switch are realized, the switching on is controlled by a computer according to an arc pulling mechanism, the switching on is realized when the voltage crosses zero, the switching off is realized when the current crosses zero, and the alternating current arc-free operation is realized.
The push-pull piston type high-speed switch further comprises a hard insulating rod which is longitudinally impacted and does not deform, the hard insulating rod penetrates through the center of the electromagnet and can slide, a second Ru-Fe-B strong magnet is fixedly installed at one end close to the electromagnet, a first Ru-B strong magnet is fixedly installed at a position which is away from the safe insulating distance (the safe distance of a contact disconnection state, such as 220V under the air is about 5mm, 10KV is about 7mm and the like) of the other end of the electromagnet, the polarity of the first Ru-Fe-B strong magnet is opposite to that of the second Ru-B strong magnet, the first Ru-B strong magnet and the second Ru-B strong magnet are installed in the solenoid, the current direction of the solenoid controls the switch, and the hard insulating rod acts back and forth to control the main contact to be connected or disconnected.
To protect two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets from being coveredThe broken push-pull piston type high-speed switch further comprises a positioning frame or a shell, and the positioning frame or the shell is arranged outside the solenoid; the inner length of the positioning frame or housing is slightly shorter than the length of the insulating rod (e.g., 0.1-0.2 mm). The design has the advantage that the Ru-Fe-B is prevented from being broken by impact;
when the total mass sum of the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets and the insulating rod is m, the push-pull movement distance is S (for example, the low-voltage switch is 5 mm), and the static magnetic force is more than or equal to the static magnetic force, one of the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets is attracted with the electromagnet, the distance from the electromagnet is S (for example, the low-voltage switch is 5 mm), the static push-pull force of the two strong magnets becomes the magnetic holding force F of the switch due to the opposite polarity of the two strong magnets, the total mass sum of the two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets and the insulating rod fixed on the insulating rod is m, when the pulse current is applied to the solenoid coil, if the polarity of the electromagnet formed in the current direction is opposite to that of the strong magnet, the electromagnetic force is F, when F is more than F, the strong magnet starts to move, and according to F-f=ma, 2S=at 2 Substituted into t 2 It is apparent that when the distance S and the mass m are constant, the switching time can be shortened by increasing the driving force or connecting multiple stages in series, and the switching time can be made to approach zero by using the two methods theoretically.
The electromagnet is fixed in Luo Xianjuan, luo Xianjuan adopts a pulse driving mode, the width of driving pulse is 2.3τ, τ=l/R, L is the inductance of the solenoid, and R is the sum of the resistance of Luo Xianjuan and the internal resistance of the power supply.
Example 2
According to embodiment 1, a Ru-Fe-B push-pull piston type high-speed switch is characterized in that: the intelligent monitoring circuit of the Ru-Fe-B push-pull piston type high-speed switch comprises a middle-high voltage zero crossing phase detection circuit and an intelligent driving circuit;
the phase zero crossing detection circuit generates zero crossing pulse, voltage is transmitted to the T1 and T2 of the singlechip through the first optical fiber (optical fiber 1) and current through the second optical fiber (optical fiber 2) for periodic test, the singlechip receives an action instruction or a manual operation instruction and then enters an interrupt service program, the interrupt service program firstly determines the current direction of Luo Xianjuan through the current reversing relay K3 according to the instruction (on and off), then waits for driving pulse, and when the voltage or current crosses zero next time, the driving pulse is output, and the high-speed switch realizes zero crossing arc-free action.
The required medium-high voltage and current zero crossing phase detection signals come into the optical fiber of the equipotential phase detection circuit, the low-voltage phase detection can be directly input without optical fiber isolation, the structural schematic diagram is shown in fig. 3, and the medium-high voltage zero crossing phase detection circuit comprises: an equipotential parasitic direct current stabilized power supply, a voltage phase sensor and a current phase sensor;
the equipotential parasitic direct current stabilized power supply comprises a traditional current transformer CT with a middle tap, a rectifying diode D1, a rectifying diode D2 and a 5.5V stabilized diode DW, a triode Q1, a charging diode D3, a rechargeable battery DC, a filter capacitor C1 and a filter capacitor C2, wherein the middle tap of the current transformer CT is connected with a high-voltage line, two ends of the current transformer CT are respectively connected with one end of the rectifying diode D1 and one end of the rectifying diode D2, the other end of the rectifying diode D1 is connected with the other end of the rectifying diode D2, one end of the stabilized diode DW, the collector of the triode Q1 and one end of the charging diode D3, the other end of the charging diode D3 is connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery DC, one end of the filter capacitor C1 and one end of the filter capacitor C2, and the other end of the filter capacitor C1 and the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery DC and the emitter of the triode are connected to the high-voltage line; forming an equipotential parasitic direct current stabilized power supply;
the voltage phase sensor includes: the ceramic chip capacitor and the first comparator, one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with one input end of the first comparator and the high-voltage line, the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the other input end of the first comparator, the output end of the first comparator is connected with one end of the capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of the resistor R1 and the input end of the NOT gate U1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the high-voltage line, the output end of the NOT gate U1 is connected with one end of the resistor light-emitting diode D1, the other end of the light-emitting diode D1 is connected with one end of the resistor R2 and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a 5V power supply, the light pulse of the light-emitting diode is coupled to a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1), and the first optical fiber conducts a voltage zero-crossing light pulse signal to the T1 end of the ground switch circuit;
the current phase sensor further comprises a Meng Tong resistance current sensor and a second comparator, wherein two ends of the manganese copper resistance current sensor are respectively connected with two input ends of the second comparator, the output end of the second comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a capacitor R3 and the input end of a phase device U2, the other end of the R3 is connected with a high-voltage wire, the output end of the phase device U2 is connected with one end of a light emitting diode D2, the other end of the light emitting diode D2 is connected with one end of a resistor R4, the other end of the light emitting diode D2 is connected with a 5V power supply, light pulses are coupled to a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2), and the second optical fiber conducts current zero-crossing light pulse signals to the T2 end of the ground switching circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, the intelligent driving circuit comprises a singlechip, a manual switch circuit, a driving circuit and a state display circuit;
the singlechip also comprises a power-on reset circuit and an oscillating circuit; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a 5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R1 is respectively connected with the capacitor C1 and the SET end of the singlechip, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded to form a power-on reset circuit; one end of the capacitor C2 and one end of the capacitor C3 are grounded, the other end of the capacitor C2 is respectively connected with one end of the crystal Y and an oscillation end of the singlechip, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is respectively connected with the other end of the crystal Y and the other oscillation end of the singlechip to form an oscillation circuit;
the manual switch circuit comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a switch SW1 and a switch SW2, wherein one ends of the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are connected with a 5V power supply, one ends of the switch SW1, the switch SW2, the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C5 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R2 is respectively connected with the other ends of the switch SW1 and the capacitor C4 and the INT1 end of the singlechip, and the other end of the resistor R3 is respectively connected with the other ends of the switch SW2 and the capacitor C5 and the INT2 end of the singlechip;
the driving circuit comprises a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a triode Q1, a triode Q2, a diode D3, a diode D4 and a relay K3, wherein one end of the resistor R4 is connected with the I/O1 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collecting electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the diode D4 and one end of a coil of the relay K3, the other end of a coil of the relay K3 is connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the other end of the diode D4 and a 12V power supply, two ends of a double-knife double-Zheng switch are connected at two ends of a compass coil, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the I/O2 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2, the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collecting electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the diode D3, two contacts of the relay K3, and the other end of the diode D3 is connected with a 12V power supply;
the state display circuit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a diode D5 and a diode D6, wherein one ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with two cutters of the relay K3, the other ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with one ends of the diode D5 and the diode D6, and the other ends of the diode D5 and the diode D6 are grounded. The circuit diagram of the intelligent driving circuit is shown in fig. 2.
The zero-crossing action arc-free air switch is applied to a low-voltage power grid, a phase detection circuit is changed into an optical fiber isolation transmission equipotential mode, the zero-crossing action arc-free air switch can be directly used on a medium-voltage power grid (10 KV, 20KV and 35 KV), a switch part is made into a vacuum switch, and the high-voltage power grid can be directly used for replacing an SF6 switch, so that equipment and installation cost can be saved, and the difficulty in replacing the SF6 switch is solved.
The voltage and current zero crossing detection can directly obtain voltage phase zero crossing pulse from the power grid by utilizing resistance voltage division, and the current zero crossing pulse is obtained by using simple low-voltage CT.
The singlechip program in the combination of the equipotential parasitic power supply PT and CT is added with the phase zero crossing detection function, and the singlechip program is combined with the zero crossing action arcless switch to form an intelligent substation bus terminal or a medium-high voltage T-connection terminal with the functions of detection, metering, manual control and remote control.
Example 3
The working method of the Ru Tiepeng push-pull piston type high-speed switch of the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) The voltage phase zero crossing pulse and the current phase zero crossing pulse generated by the voltage phase sensor and the current phase sensor (the low-voltage power grid can be directly obtained) are respectively sent to a timer T1 and a timer T2 of the singlechip through a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1) and a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2) to carry out periodic measurement, and when the singlechip receives an action instruction or manual control, the step (2) is carried out to interrupt a service program;
(2) Starting to output a pulse for driving the solenoid when the time of the delay is one half of the time of the first half period minus the switching action time, taking the time data of the first half period as the reference, when the received command is on, using a voltage zero crossing signal, and when the received command is off, using a current zero crossing signal. The switch is required to act in the alternating current zero crossing, the zero crossing phase of voltage and current is required to be known at first, in order to enable the action to accurately fall on the zero crossing point, the first half period time is selected as the basis to calculate the most accurate delay value, and the phase detection of the medium-high voltage power grid is most economical to adopt optical fiber isolation and transmission equipotential detection.
Further preferably, the intelligent driving singlechip is initialized after being electrified, the initialization comprises initializing the state modes of all ports, and further comprises storing a change table of the switching speed along with the temperature and the humidity, after the initialization is completed, the singlechip respectively measures the A-phase voltage and the current period by receiving the current zero crossing pulse through the timer T1 port, continuously stores refreshing and waits for manual or telecontrol control instructions, and immediately enters a driving interrupt service process when receiving the control instructions, wherein the interrupt service process is as follows:
A. setting the state of a relay K3 (the current direction of a solenoid coil) through the I/O1 end of the singlechip according to a control command, and waiting for driving of driving pulse after setting to be on or off;
B. the driving pulse is output by the I/O2 end, the output time of the driving pulse starts to delay when the first half period crosses zero for the second time, the delay time is the time of the first half period minus half of the switching action time, the delay is finished to output the driving pulse, and the switching action just falls on the zero crossing point.
C. The three-phase switch, the singlechip I/O3, I/O4 are B phase, I/O5, I/O6 are C phase, the operation process is the same as the A phase, but the B phase driving trigger pulse is output along 1200 in time, and the C phase driving trigger pulse is output along 1200.
Claims (7)
1. The neodymium-iron-boron push-pull piston type high-speed switch is characterized by comprising two neodymium-iron-boron strong magnets, an electromagnet, a solenoid and a main contact, wherein the two neodymium-iron-boron strong magnets comprise a first neodymium-iron-boron strong magnet and a second neodymium-iron-boron strong magnet; the two neodymium-iron-boron strong magnets and the electromagnet are arranged in the solenoid, the electromagnet is positioned between the two neodymium-iron-boron strong magnets, the two neodymium-iron-boron strong magnets with opposite polarities are used as pistons and driven by the solenoid to form a neodymium-iron-boron push-pull piston type high-speed switch driven by the electromagnet, the electromagnet is driven by the current of the solenoid to form push-pull force for moving the two neodymium-iron-boron strong magnets, the current direction of the solenoid is changed to control the two neodymium-iron-boron strong magnets to move left and right, the high-speed switch is switched on and off, the intelligent monitoring circuit is used for controlling according to an arc pulling mechanism, the switch is switched on when the voltage crosses zero, the switch is switched off when the current crosses zero, and the AC arc-free operation is realized;
the neodymium-iron-boron push-pull piston type high-speed switch further comprises a hard insulating rod which is longitudinally impacted and does not deform, the hard insulating rod penetrates through the center of the electromagnet and can slide, a second neodymium-iron-boron strong magnet is fixedly arranged at one end close to the electromagnet, a first neodymium-iron-boron strong magnet is fixedly arranged at a safe insulating distance away from the other end of the electromagnet, the polarity of the first neodymium-iron-boron strong magnet is opposite to that of the second neodymium-iron-boron strong magnet, the first neodymium-iron-boron strong magnet and the second neodymium-iron-boron strong magnet are both arranged in the solenoid, the high-speed switch is controlled by the current direction of the solenoid, and the hard insulating rod acts back and forth to control the connection or disconnection of a main contact;
the intelligent monitoring circuit of the NdFeB push-pull piston type high-speed switch comprises a middle-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit and an intelligent driving circuit;
the voltage phase zero crossing pulse generated by the medium-high voltage zero crossing phase detection circuit passes through the first optical fiber, the generated current phase zero crossing pulse passes through the second optical fiber and is sent to the intelligent driving circuit, and the intelligent driving circuit enters an interrupt service routine after receiving an action instruction: the interrupt service routine firstly determines the current direction of the solenoid through the solenoid current reversing relay according to the instruction content, then waits for driving pulse, outputs the driving pulse when the voltage or the current crosses zero, and realizes the zero-crossing arc-free action of the high-speed switch by high-speed switch action.
2. The ndfeb push-pull piston high speed switch of claim 1 further comprising a positioning frame or housing disposed outside the solenoid; the inner length of the positioning frame or the outer shell is shorter than the length of the hard insulating rod, and the difference between the inner length of the positioning frame or the outer shell and the length of the hard insulating rod is 0.1-0.2 mm.
3. A neodymium iron boron push-pull piston type high-speed switch according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnet is fixed in a solenoid, the solenoid adopts a pulse driving mode, the width of driving pulse is 2.3 τ, τ=l/R, τ is a time constant, L is the inductance of the solenoid, and R is the sum of the resistance of the solenoid and the internal resistance of the power supply.
4. A neodymium-iron-boron push-pull piston type high-speed switch according to claim 3, wherein said medium-high voltage zero crossing phase detection circuit comprises: an equipotential parasitic direct current stabilized power supply, a voltage phase sensor and a current phase sensor;
the equipotential parasitic direct current stabilized power supply comprises a current transformer CT with a middle tap, a rectifying diode D1, a rectifying diode D2 and 5.5V, a voltage stabilizing diode DW, a triode Q1, a charging diode D3, a rechargeable battery DC, a filter capacitor C1 and a filter capacitor C2, wherein the middle tap of the current transformer CT is connected with a high-voltage line, two ends of the current transformer CT are respectively connected with one end of the rectifying diode D1 and one end of the rectifying diode D2, the other end of the rectifying diode D1, the other end of the rectifying diode D2, one end of the voltage stabilizing diode DW, one end of the triode Q1, one end of the collector electrode of the charging diode D3, the other end of the charging diode D3 is connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery DC, one end of the filter capacitor C1 and one end of the filter capacitor C2, the other end of the filter capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery DC and the emitting electrode of the triode are connected to the high-voltage line;
the voltage phase sensor includes: the intelligent driving circuit comprises a capacitor C3 and a first comparator, wherein one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with one input end of the first comparator, the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the other input end of the first comparator, the output end of the first comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R1 and the input end of a NOT gate U1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the high-voltage line, the output end of the NOT gate U1 is connected with one end of a light-emitting diode L1, the other end of the light-emitting diode L1 is connected with one end of a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the positive electrode of a rechargeable battery DC, the light pulse of the light-emitting diode L1 is coupled to a first optical fiber, and the first optical fiber transmits the voltage phase zero-crossing pulse to a timer T1 of the intelligent driving circuit;
the current phase sensor further comprises a manganese-copper resistance current sensor and a second comparator, wherein two ends of the manganese-copper resistance current sensor are respectively connected with two input ends of the second comparator, the output end of the second comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C5, the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected with the input end of a NOT gate U2, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with a high-voltage line, the output end of the NOT gate U2 is connected with one end of a light-emitting diode L2, the other end of the light-emitting diode L2 is connected with one end of a resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the positive electrode of a rechargeable battery DC, light pulses of the light-emitting diode L2 are coupled to a second optical fiber, and the second optical fiber conducts current phase zero-crossing pulses to a timer T2 of the intelligent driving circuit.
5. The neodymium iron boron push-pull piston type high-speed switch according to claim 4, wherein the intelligent driving circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer, a manual switching circuit, a driving circuit and a state display circuit;
the singlechip also comprises a power-on reset circuit and an oscillating circuit; one end of a resistor R9 is connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery DC, the other end of the resistor R9 is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C6 and the SET end of the singlechip, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is grounded to form the power-on reset circuit; one end of the capacitor C7 and one end of the capacitor C8 are grounded, the other end of the capacitor C7 is respectively connected with one end of the crystal Y and an oscillation end of the singlechip, and the other end of the capacitor C8 is respectively connected with the other end of the crystal Y and the other oscillation end of the singlechip to form the oscillation circuit;
the manual switch circuit comprises a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a capacitor C9, a capacitor C10, a switch SW1 and a switch SW2, wherein one end of the resistor R10 and one end of the resistor R11 are connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery DC, one end of the switch SW1, one end of the switch SW2, one end of the capacitor C9 and one end of the capacitor C10 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R10 is respectively connected with the other end of the switch SW1, the other end of the capacitor C9 and the INT1 end of the singlechip, and the other end of the resistor R11 is respectively connected with the other end of the switch SW2, the other end of the capacitor C10 and the INT2 end of the singlechip;
the driving circuit comprises a resistor R12, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a triode Q3, a triode Q2, a diode D8, a diode D4 and a solenoid current reversing relay, wherein one end of the resistor R12 is connected with an I/O1 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected with a base electrode of the triode Q2, an emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is grounded, a collector electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the diode D4 and one end of a solenoid current reversing relay coil, the other end of the solenoid current reversing relay coil is connected with one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the other end of the diode D4 and a 12V power supply, two ends of the solenoid current reversing relay coil are connected with two knife ends, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with an I/O2 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a base electrode of the triode Q3, an emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is grounded, a collector electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of the diode D8 and two contacts of the solenoid current reversing relay, and the other end of the diode D8 is connected with a 12V power supply;
the state display circuit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a diode D5 and a diode D6, wherein one end of the resistor R7 and one end of the resistor R8 are respectively connected with two knife ends of the solenoid current reversing relay, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with one end of the diode D5, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with one end of the diode D6, and the other end of the diode D5 and the other end of the diode D6 are grounded.
6. A method of operating a neodymium iron boron push-pull piston type high speed switch according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) The voltage phase zero-crossing pulse and the current phase zero-crossing pulse generated by the voltage phase sensor and the current phase sensor are respectively transmitted to a timer T1 and a timer T2 of the singlechip through a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber to carry out period measurement, and when the singlechip receives an action instruction, the singlechip enters an interrupt service routine;
(2) Starting time delay from the second zero crossing part of the first half period by taking data of the first half period as the reference, wherein the time delay is one half of the time of the first half period minus the switching action time, and the time delay is as long as starting to output driving pulse for driving the solenoid, so that the switching action time is exactly controlled at the first zero crossing part of the next period, when a received action command is on, a voltage zero crossing signal is used, and when the received action command is off, a current zero crossing signal is used.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the interrupt service routine is as follows:
A. setting the state of a solenoid current reversing relay through the I/O1 end of the singlechip according to a control command, and waiting for driving of driving pulse after setting to be on or off;
B. the driving pulse is output by an I/O2 end of the singlechip, the time of the output of the driving pulse starts to delay when the zero crossing is finished by the first half period, and the time of the delay is the time of the first half period minus half of the action time of the switch; the driving pulse just falls on the zero crossing point, for a three-phase switch, the driving pulse takes the phase A as the quasi-forward 120 DEG time as the phase B, and also takes the quasi-forward 120 DEG time as the phase C, the phase B driving pulse is output from the I/O3 end and the I/O4 end of the singlechip respectively, and the phase C driving pulse is output from the I/O5 end and the I/O6 end of the singlechip.
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