The controller of electromagnetic system of universal contactor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of controller of ac contactor electromagnetic system, adopt the A.C. contactor of the controller of electromagnetic system of the present invention, can turn-off continuous current circuit fast after the outage, make disengaging movement speed unshakable in one's determination far above traditional contactor, thereby the ability with disjunction short circuit current, thereby the controller of a kind of electromagnetic system of universal contactor of more specifically saying so.
Background technology
Adopt contactor positive and negative variation of magnetic flux unshakable in one's determination in the connection process of alternating electromagnet, it is 0 that magnetic flux is crossed 0 o'clock suction, so switching force fluctuates, during disjunction because the short-circuited conducting sleeve afterflow, the degaussing time unshakable in one's determination is long, cause disjunction long time of delay, and the disjunction movement velocity is low.
Adopt the contactor of DC electromagnet, alternating current 220V voltage is given excitatory coil of wire power supply again behind bridge rectifier after the series capacitance step-down, so become the little electric current of low-voltage after the step-down.When energized, the travel switch K in parallel with electric capacity makes the capacitor C short circuit, so the 220V high voltage is directly excitatory for excitatory coil of wire high-voltage large current behind bridge rectifier.The contactor disjunction of this circuit is to be realized by the control power supply that turn-offs 220V, after 220V is turned off, the excitatory coil of wire constitutes the continuous current circuit of conducting through bridge rectifier, the whole excitatory coil of wire becomes a big short-circuited conducting sleeve, it can make afterflow keep the 100ms-200ms time, in the moving disengaging movement process unshakable in one's determination, magnetic flux descends and produces induced potential u for negative on just down in the excitatory coil of wire, and this pressure energy induced electricity strengthens afterflow and makes separating rate decline unshakable in one's determination.Therefore the contact separating rate can only reach below the 0.2m/s; so time of afterflow is very long; disjunction length time of delay and disjunction movement velocity are low to cause the contactor arcing time long; breaking capacity is low; thereby the making capacity of traditional A.C. contactor to compare with circuit breaker with breaking capacity be very low; therefore the ability that does not have connection and disjunction short circuit current does not just possess short-circuit protection function yet.And because travel switch and interlock unshakable in one's determination, therefore unshakable in one's determination just having opened at closed front travel switch inserted energizing loop with decompression capacitor, therefore this moment, exciting curent became little electric current by big current conversion, suction can diminish suddenly when closed, cause contact and iron coring vibration big, make making capacity low.
Further analyze, why circuit breaker has the ability of connection and disjunction short circuit current, be because the switching force or the separating brake power of circuit breaker realize by energy-stored spring, active force is all identical when therefore each connection or disjunction, and active force can not suddenly change and fluctuate when connecting, just can not occur spring or vibration when contact is connected so yet, can not occur time of delay during disjunction simultaneously as the contactor as the contactor.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention will solve is that existing contactor time of afterflow when disjunction is long, and breaking capacity is low, does not have the problem of short-circuit protection function.
The present invention also will solve be existing contactor when closing a floodgate contact and iron coring vibration big, adhesive is unreliable, the problem that making capacity is low.
The technical scheme that addresses the above problem employing is: the controller of electromagnetic system of universal contactor, comprise rectification circuit and reduction voltage circuit, it is excitatory that described reduction voltage circuit initially makes controller offer magnetizing coil L total head at combined floodgate, and after the iron core closure, excitation voltage maintained the low-voltage state that iron core is remained closed, it is characterized in that magnetizing coil L connects with field effect transistor Q6 constitutes continuous current circuit, an electronic delay device is connected across between the grid source electrode of described field effect transistor Q6, described field effect transistor Q6 is turn-offed by described electronic delay device during separating brake, described electronic delay device time of delay T0 less than afterflow damping time constant T.
The present invention adopts a kind of electronic circuit to control the exciting curent of DC electromagnet, turn-off exciting curent by field effect transistor during disjunction, make suction unshakable in one's determination be tending towards 0 fast by stationary value, time of delay even also shorter than circuit breaker, when the large opening sum of two fractures is equal to or greater than circuit breaker fracture distance, contactor has just had the ability of the disjunction short circuit current as the circuit breaker so, and has shortened the arcing time, and electric life is long.Because the double break point, so breaking speed is also fast than circuit breaker.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described reduction voltage circuit comprise decompression capacitor C1 and with described decompression capacitor C1 solid switch in parallel, described solid switch comprises field effect transistor Q7 and makes controller provide adhesive to keep the timer circuit of electric current for after decompression capacitor C1 reduces to low-voltage magnetizing coil L by AC power regularly turn-offing described field effect transistor Q7 behind the combined floodgate.Employing comprises that the solid switch of field effect transistor Q7 substitutes traditional travel switch, timing turn-off time of timer circuit is controlled at after adhesive unshakable in one's determination and vibration finish, also promptly after unshakable in one's determination and contact adhesive are stablized, just excitatory big current conversion is become to keep little electric current, the DC electromagnet magnetic flux is evenly to rise in this process, do not have 0 point again, so switching force is stable just as the energy-stored spring power in the circuit breaker.
Described timer circuit is made up of resistance R 12, capacitor C 5, voltage-stabiliser tube Z3 and triode Q5.Also be provided with by triode Q1, Q4, resistance R 5, R6, R7, R4, R3, R14, capacitor C 4 and voltage-stabiliser tube Z2 at triode Q5 front end and form the repid discharge loop, behind power cut-off, make capacitor C 5 repid discharges, drop to 0 until capacitor C 5 voltages, guarantee the accuracy of closing a floodgate and regularly turn-offing field effect transistor Q7 next time.
Further improve again as of the present invention, described controller also is provided with weak control circuit, described weak control circuit comprises light current combined floodgate control loop and light current separating brake control loop, controls field effect transistor Q6 in the described continuous current circuit and/or the field effect transistor Q7 break-make in the described reduction voltage circuit by electronic trip unit.Described light current combined floodgate control loop is made up of resistance R 15, capacitor C 6, photoelectrical coupler Q8 and K switch 1, described light current separating brake control loop is made up of resistance R 16, photoelectrical coupler Q9 and K switch 2, and described K switch 1 and K2 are the toggle switches of same single-pole double throw.The present invention has communication, measurement, calculating simultaneously, shows memory like this, functions such as storage, and can realize remote measurement, functions such as remote regulating, distant news, remote control.
The above-mentioned feature of controller makes universal contactor that two kinds of different control modes be arranged: first kind of control mode is to connect and the electric current of disjunction controller makes connection of universal contactor major loop and disjunction, and this control mode is identical with the control mode of traditional contactor.The power supply that second kind of control mode is controller always is in "on" position, make the controlled respectively connection and the disjunction that just can control the universal contactor major loop equally of field effect transistor of solid switch in the controller and series excitation coil with combined floodgate knob and separating brake knob, this control mode can replace combined floodgate knob and separating brake knob by the weakness signal, therefore universal contactor can be directly and computer networking, directly controlled by computer.
Further improve as the present invention, the light-emitting diode of described magnetizing coil L, diode D9, resistance R 9 and photoelectrical coupler Q2, Q3 forms another afterflow path, the damping time constant T1=L/R9 of this afterflow path, and satisfy: T0+T1<T; The controlled weak control circuit that is formed on of described photoelectrical coupler Q2, Q3.The light-emitting diode open-circuit of photoelectrical coupler Q2, Q3 when closing a floodgate, excitatory major loop conducting, the light-emitting diodes tube short circuit of photoelectrical coupler Q2, Q3 during separating brake, afterflow decays fast through this afterflow path.Parallel resistance R8 after the light-emitting diode of described photoelectrical coupler Q2, Q3 is in series, wherein the effect of R8 is to prevent that interference signal from mislead Q2, Q3.Described magnetizing coil L two ends piezo-resistance VR1 in parallel prevents that too high voltages from puncturing other components and parts.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of existing ac contactor electromagnetic system controller.
Fig. 2 is the circuit block diagram of the controller of electromagnetic system of universal contactor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the controller of electromagnetic system of universal contactor of the present invention.
Embodiment
Figure 1 shows that the schematic diagram of existing ac contactor electromagnetic system controller, alternating current 220V voltage is powered to magnetizing coil behind bridge rectifier after the series capacitance step-down again, travel switch K is in parallel with electric capacity, when closing a floodgate and interlock unshakable in one's determination make the capacitor C short circuit, reach the excitatory low voltage sustain of high pressure.The shortcoming front of the controller of this structure was mentioned, and was not repeated.
With reference to Fig. 2,3, electromagnetic system of universal contactor controller of the present invention, AC power is after series connection decompression capacitor C1 step-down, again through D1, D2, D3, the rectification of D4 diode bridge provides closure to keep little electric current for magnetizing coil L, magnetizing coil L connects with field effect transistor Q6, constitute continuous current circuit with the bridge rectifier pipe again and become the short-circuited conducting sleeve that surrounds whole cross section unshakable in one's determination, if Q6 is still under the situation of conducting behind the power cut-off, the time constant T=L/R of afterflow decay in the magnetizing coil, L is the electromagnet coil inductance, R is internal resistance, if L=8H, R=50 Ω, I=160MS then, damping time constant reaches 160 milliseconds.
The gate bias of Q6 conducting are provided by diode D5, capacitor C 2, voltage-stabiliser tube Z1, resistance R 1, R2, R10 and voltage-stabiliser tube Z5, C2 is a filter capacitor, D5 cuts off the diode of capacitor C 2 to the AC power discharge, form gate bias after voltage-stabiliser tube Z1, resistance R 1 and the R10 dividing potential drop, Z5 prevents that gate bias from surpassing the voltage-stabiliser tube of permissible value, and voltage-stabiliser tube Z1, resistance R 1, R2, capacitor C 2 are electronic delay devices, R2, C2 discharge time constant are T0=R2*C2, R2=220K, C2=0.22M, then T0=48.4MS.During disjunction behind power cut-off, because T0 is less than T, through T0 after the time, the Q6 gate bias drop to and have just turn-offed continuous current circuit below the cut-in voltage, electric current can not suddenly change in the inductance L, so afterflow is through diode D9, resistance R 9 and photoelectrical coupler Q2, the light-emitting diode of Q3 forms another path, photoelectrical coupler Q2, it is in parallel with R8 again after the light-emitting diode of Q3 is in series, wherein the effect of R8 is to prevent that interference signal from making Q2, Q3 misleads, the damping time constant T1=L/R9=0.8ms of this afterflow path, afterflow can decay rapidly, the suction unshakable in one's determination that afterflow causes is just much smaller than spring counter-force sum, so should make T0 much smaller than T, Q6 turn-offs back core earlier and just produces disengaging movement, the spring force sum institute work overwhelming majority that acts on the moving component all has been converted into kinetic energy, because the induced potential major part that motion unshakable in one's determination produces is added in the Q6 two ends and weakens the ability of strengthening afterflow, therefore breaking speed increases substantially, it is again the double break mouth, breaking speed is also faster than circuit breaker, universal contactor has just possessed the ability of disjunction short circuit current like this, has shortened the arcing time simultaneously.D9 prevents that backward current is damaged by Q2 and Q3 light-emitting diode, and the VR1 piezo-resistance is in parallel with L to be prevented to produce too high voltages and puncture other components and parts, and Q2 and Q3 further improve the turn-off speed of Q6 and Q7.
The solid switch in parallel with decompression capacitor C1 is made of diode D6, D7, D10, D11 and field effect transistor Q7, the gate bias of field effect transistor Q7 are provided by diode D8, capacitor C 3, resistance R 11, R13, voltage-stabiliser tube Z4, diode D8 prevents that filter capacitor C3 from discharging to coil is counter, filter capacitor C3 both end voltage adds after resistance R 11 and R13 dividing potential drop on the grid of field effect transistor Q7 again, and voltage-stabiliser tube Z4 prevents that field effect transistor Q7 grid voltage from surpassing permissible value.Behind power connection, because field effect transistor Q7 conducting, solid switch is with decompression capacitor C1 short circuit, therefore total head is added in the magnetizing coil two ends after rectification, big exciting curent is provided, makes adhesive unshakable in one's determination, after the closure unshakable in one's determination, by triode Q5 conducting field effect transistor Q7 is turn-offed, capacitor C 1 reduces voltage like this provides the less electric current of keeping that iron core is remained closed.Form electronic timer by resistance R 12, capacitor C 5, voltage-stabiliser tube Z3 and triode Q5 field effect transistor Q7 is regularly turn-offed, voltage-stabiliser tube Z3 voltage stabilizing value is V
Z3, supply voltage is u, timing is T2, then T2*u/R12=C5*V
Z3So, T2=R12*C5*V
Z3/ u is known by following formula, and supply voltage is high more, and suction unshakable in one's determination is big, and the time of closing motion unshakable in one's determination is short more, and this circuit just in time satisfies this inverse time lag relation.Because the conducting afterflow effect of field effect transistor Q6 makes exciting curent very great fluctuation process can not occur, suction fluctuation unshakable in one's determination is also little, and after adhesive unshakable in one's determination was stable, field effect transistor Q7 turn-offed.Switching force is just the same stable with the switching force of circuit breaker like this, therefore has the ability of connecting short circuit current.Triode Q1, Q4, resistance R 5, R6, R7, R4, R3, R14, capacitor C 4 and voltage-stabiliser tube Z2 form the repid discharge loop, when the power supply electricity is had no progeny, make capacitor C 5 repid discharges, make capacitor C 5 voltages drop to 0, guarantee the accuracy of closing a floodgate and regularly turn-offing field effect transistor Q7 next time.Resistance R 15, capacitor C 6, photoelectrical coupler Q8, K switch 1 are formed light current combined floodgate control loop, resistance R 16, photoelectrical coupler Q9, K switch 2 are formed light current separating brake control loop, K switch 1 and K2 are the toggle switches of same single-pole double throw, when adopting light current control disjunction, almost there is not time of delay, when pressing K switch 2 after 6 milliseconds just major loop can be turn-offed, this is also more a lot of than circuit breaker disjunction.Separating brake should use toggle switch during with the light current control mode, and K switch 2 always is in on-state behind the separating brake, and field effect transistor Q6 can conducting like this, just in case when sending electricity once more behind the power cut-off, it is logical that the contactor major loop can misconnection.If K switch 2 is used knob, when the contactor branch is had no progeny, K switch 2 has disconnected again, when power supply powering-off state do not occur, contactor can not reclose like this, in case but power cut-off, when sending electricity once more, it is logical that contactor just produces misconnection, so K2 will use toggle switch.Therefore under the situation as the contactor use, had better select the heavy-current control mode for use, the heavy-current control mode is identical with traditional contactor control mode.Because universal contactor has defencive function; alternative mold cased circuit breaker; therefore operational mode also should be identical with breaker of plastic casing; the outage of major loop upside; not disjunction of mold cased circuit breaker; still normally move after sending electricity once more; when universal contactor control power supply and major loop are taken from same power supply; if adopt the light current control mode; though universal contactor also can disjunction behind power cut-off, when power supply recovered to send electricity once more, universal contactor will be connected voluntarily; still normally operation, obviously and the breaker of plastic casing equivalence.Power supply when with K switch 2 breaking operations, then can not occur and stop sending electricity to cause the universal contactor misoperation, so universal contactor not only can substitute circuit breaker when adopting the light current control mode fully, and electric life is long, the reliability height.
Q8 is the electronic trip unit interface, and electronic trip unit has the field bus technique performance index has just become the intelligent type universal contactor.