CN113823526A - Alternating-current zero-crossing action arc-free switch and working method thereof - Google Patents
Alternating-current zero-crossing action arc-free switch and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113823526A CN113823526A CN202111135006.6A CN202111135006A CN113823526A CN 113823526 A CN113823526 A CN 113823526A CN 202111135006 A CN202111135006 A CN 202111135006A CN 113823526 A CN113823526 A CN 113823526A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
- H01H36/0073—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding actuated by relative movement between two magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
Abstract
The invention relates to an alternating current zero-crossing action arc-free switch and an operating method thereof, wherein the arc-free switch comprises two Ru ferroboron strong magnets, an electromagnet, a solenoid and a main contact, wherein the two Ru ferroboron comprise a first Ru ferroboron strong magnet and a second Ru ferroboron strong magnet; the two Ru ferro boron strong magnets and the electromagnet are arranged in the solenoid, the electromagnet is positioned between the two Ru ferro boron strong magnets, the two Ru ferro boron strong magnets with opposite polarities are used as pistons and are driven by the electromagnet to form a push-pull piston type high-speed magnetic latching switch driven by the electromagnet, the electromagnet is driven by the current of the solenoid, the switch is controlled to be switched on and off by changing the current direction of the solenoid to provide a basis for the calculation of zero-crossing action, in order to realize accurate zero-crossing action, the switch is also provided with a voltage zero-crossing detector and a current zero-crossing detector to provide calculation data for the zero-crossing drive, the switch is switched on when the voltage crosses zero, and the current is switched off when the current crosses zero, so that the alternating-current non-arc operation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an alternating-current zero-crossing action arc-free switch and a working method thereof, belonging to the technical field of power switches.
Background
An AC switch is one of the most widely used devices in a power system, the power load of a power grid is almost inductive load at present, for the inductive load, because the voltage of an inductor can be suddenly changed and the current can not be suddenly changed, when the switch is switched on, the distance between contacts is rapidly reduced, when the distance is smaller than the voltage breakdown distance, electric sparks (electric arcs) can be generated, when the switch is switched off, the contacts are rapidly separated from a contact state, the contact current is rapidly separated from the contact state (di/dt), the contact current can generate strong self-induced electromotive force, the strength of the self-induced electromotive force is related to the di/dt (current change rate) and is generally 3 to 10 times of the voltage value, because the contacts move from the contact state to a disconnection state in the switching-off process of the switch, the self-induced electromotive force is greatly higher than the power voltage, the time for breaking the arc is longer, the arc is stronger, therefore, the arc is inevitable during the traditional switching action, in general, the arc is strong and longer when the switch is switched off than when the switch is switched on, the arc is seriously ablated on a contact, the service life of a switch is shortened, and the reliability and the personal safety of operation are influenced, so that scientific workers do not break the research on arc prevention and arc extinction all the year round, and a medium-high voltage vacuum switch and an SF6 high voltage switch are introduced, digested, popularized and applied successively, but the current vacuum switch can only be used in a medium-voltage power grid, the high voltage switch mainly uses an SF6 switch, but the SF6 switch does not meet the environmental protection requirement, and a substitute is not found so far, so that the problem of power equipment is solved.
At present, an air switch and an arc-proof cover are adopted for arc prevention of a low-voltage switch, a vacuum switch is adopted for arc extinction of a medium-voltage switch, and an SF6 switch is adopted for arc extinction of a high-voltage switch, so that the manufacturing cost is higher and higher along with the rise of voltage, telecontrol control is difficult to realize, and the low-voltage switch and the medium-voltage switch are not suitable for the construction of a smart grid and are still a trip for the construction of the smart grid.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a push-pull piston type high-speed switch taking Ru-Fe-B strong magnet as a piston.
The invention also provides an intelligent driving principle and a circuit of the switch, which realize the connection when the voltage is zero and the disconnection when the current is zero, and eliminate the arc discharge phenomenon from the mechanism.
The invention also provides an electric principle and a circuit for equipotential voltage and current zero-crossing detection required by medium-high voltage intelligent driving.
The invention also provides a working method of the high-speed switch.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a push-pull piston type high-speed switch with Ru ferroboron strong magnets as pistons comprises two Ru ferroboron strong magnets, an electromagnet, a solenoid, a main contact and a limiting frame or a shell, wherein the two Ru ferroboron comprise a first Ru ferroboron strong magnet and a second Ru ferroboron strong magnet; two Ru ferroboron strong magnets and an electromagnet are arranged in a solenoid, the electromagnet is positioned between the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets, the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets are opposite in polarity, the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets with opposite polarities are used as pistons and driven by the solenoid to form a push-pull (push-pull) piston type high-speed magnetic latching switch driven by the electromagnet, the electromagnet is driven by current of the solenoid to form the push-wrist force of the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets to move, the current direction of the solenoid is changed to control the left and right movement of the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets, the switch-on and switch-off of the switch are realized, the switch-on and switch-off are controlled by a computer according to the reason of an arc pulling machine, the switch-on is realized when the voltage crosses zero, the switch-off is realized when the current crosses zero, and the alternating-current non-arc operation is realized. Two Ru Fe B strong magnets form push-pull force, the push-pull force keeps the switch motionless under static state to form magnetic holding force, when a strong enough electric pulse is given to a solenoid coil, the push-pull force pushes the strong magnets to slide like a piston, the driving current is increased or the switch is cascaded in multiple stages to improve the movement speed of the strong magnets, high-speed switching can be realized, the switching-on and switching-off of the switch can be controlled by changing the current direction, and because the speed of the switch is fast enough, the switch can be controlled by a computer to be switched on when the voltage passes zero and switched off when the current passes zero, the arc-drawing phenomenon is eliminated fundamentally.
According to the invention, the push-pull piston type high-speed switch also comprises a hard insulating rod which does not deform due to longitudinal impact, the hard insulating rod penetrates through the center of the electromagnet and can slide, a second Ru ferroboron strong magnet is fixedly arranged at one end close to the electromagnet, a first Ru ferroboron strong magnet is fixedly arranged at a safe insulation distance (the safe distance of a contact off state, such as 220V under the air is about 5mm and 10KV is about 7 mm) from the other end of the electromagnet, the polarity of the first Ru ferroboron strong magnet is opposite to that of the second Ru ferroboron strong magnet, the first Ru ferroboron strong magnet and the second Ru ferroboron strong magnet are both arranged in a solenoid, and the switch is controlled by the current direction of the solenoid, and the hard insulating rod moves back and forth to control the main contact to be switched on or off.
According to the invention, two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets are preferably protected from being covered
The push-pull piston type high-speed switch also comprises a positioning frame or a shell, and the positioning frame or the shell is arranged outside the solenoid; the inner length of the positioning frame or the shell is shorter than that of the hard insulating rod, and the length difference between the inner length of the positioning frame or the shell and the hard insulating rod is 0.1-0.2 mm. The design has the advantages that the Ru ferroboron is prevented from being crushed by impact;
according to the invention, the electromagnet is fixed in the solenoid coil, the solenoid coil adopts a pulse driving mode, the width of a driving pulse is 2.3 tau, tau is L/R, L/R is a time constant, L is the inductance of the solenoid, and R is the sum of the resistance of the solenoid coil and the internal resistance of a power supply.
The intelligent monitoring circuit of the Ru-Fe-B push-pull piston type high-speed switch comprises a medium-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit and an intelligent drive circuit;
the voltage phase zero-crossing pulse generated by the medium-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit is transmitted to the intelligent drive circuit through the first optical fiber (optical fiber 1) and the current phase zero-crossing pulse generated by the medium-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit is transmitted to the intelligent drive circuit through the second optical fiber (optical fiber 2), and the intelligent drive circuit enters an interrupt service program after receiving an action instruction (including manual operation): the interrupt service program firstly determines the current direction of the solenoid coil through the solenoid current reversing relay according to the instruction content (on, off), then waits for the driving pulse, outputs the driving pulse when the voltage or the current crosses zero, and acts on the high-speed switch to realize the zero-crossing arc-free action of the high-speed switch.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit includes: the device comprises an equipotential parasitic direct-current stabilized power supply, a voltage phase sensor and a current phase sensor;
the equipotential parasitic direct-current stabilized power supply comprises a traditional current transformer CT with a middle tap, a rectifier diode D1, a rectifier diode D2, a voltage stabilizing diode DW with 5V, a triode Q1, a charging diode D3, a charging battery DC, a filter capacitor C1 and a filter capacitor C2, wherein the middle tap of the current transformer CT is connected with a high-voltage wire, two ends of the current transformer CT are respectively connected with one end of the rectifier diode D1 and one end of the rectifier diode D2, the other end of the rectifier diode D1 is connected with the other end of the rectifier diode D2, one end of the voltage stabilizing diode DW, a collector of the triode Q1 and one end of the charging diode D3, the other end of the charging diode D3 is connected with the anode of the charging battery DC, one end of the filter capacitor C1 and one end of the filter capacitor C2, the other end of the voltage stabilizing diode DW is connected with the base of the triode Q1, and the other end of the filter capacitor C1, the cathode of the charging battery, The emitter of the triode is connected to the high-voltage wire; forming an equipotential parasitic direct-current stabilized voltage supply;
the voltage phase sensor includes: one end of a capacitor C3 and a first comparator, one input end of the capacitor C3 and one input end of the first comparator are connected with a high-voltage wire, the other end of a capacitor C3 is connected with the other input end of the first comparator, the output end of the first comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R1 and the input end of a NOT gate U1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the high-voltage wire, the output end of the NOT gate U1 is connected with one end of a resistor LED D1, the other end of the LED D1 is connected with one end of a resistor R2 and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a 5V power supply, the light pulse of the LED is coupled to a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1), and the first optical fiber conducts a voltage light pulse signal to a T1 end of a ground switch circuit;
the current phase sensor further comprises a montmorillonoid resistance current sensor and a second comparator, wherein two ends of the manganin resistance current sensor are respectively connected with two input ends of the second comparator, the output end of the second comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R3 and the input end of a phase device U2, the other end of the capacitor R3 is connected with a high-voltage wire, the output end of the phase device U2 is connected with one end of a light-emitting diode D2, the other end of the light-emitting diode D2 is connected with one end of a resistor R4, the other end of the light-emitting diode D4 is connected with a 5V power supply, the light pulse of the light-emitting diode D2 is coupled to a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2), and the second optical fiber conducts a current zero-crossing signal to the T light pulse 2 end of the ground switch circuit.
According to the optimization of the invention, the intelligent driving circuit comprises a singlechip, a manual switch circuit, a driving circuit and a state display circuit;
the single chip microcomputer also comprises a power-on reset circuit and an oscillating circuit; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a 5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R1 is respectively connected with the capacitor C1 and the SET end of the singlechip, and the other end of the C1 is grounded to form the power-on reset circuit; one ends of the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are grounded, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with one end of the crystal Y and the oscillation end of the single chip microcomputer respectively, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the other end of the crystal Y and the other oscillation end of the single chip microcomputer respectively to form the oscillation circuit;
the manual switch circuit comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a switch SW1 and a switch SW2, wherein one ends of the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are connected with a 5V power supply, one ends of the switch SW1, the switch SW2, the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C5 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R2 is respectively connected with the other ends of the switch SW1 and the capacitor C4 and the INT1 end of the single chip microcomputer, and the other end of the resistor R3 is respectively connected with the other ends of the switch SW2 and the capacitor C5 and the INT2 end of the single chip microcomputer;
the driving circuit comprises a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a triode Q1, a triode Q2, a diode D3, a diode D4 and a relay K3, wherein one end of a resistor R4 is connected with the I/O1 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the base of a triode Q2, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of a diode D4 and one end of a coil of the relay K3, the other end of the coil of the relay K3 is connected with one end of a resistor R6, the other end of a resistor R6 is connected with the other end of a diode D4 and a 12V power supply, two ends of a solenoid coil are connected with two knife ends of a double-pole double-zheng switch, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the I/O2 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base of the triode Q2, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of a diode D3 and two junctions of the relay K3, the other end of the diode D3 is connected with a 12V power supply;
the state display circuit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a diode D5 and a diode D6, wherein one ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with two poles of a relay K3, the other ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with one ends of a diode D5 and a diode D6, and the other ends of the diode D5 and the diode D6 are grounded. The circuit diagram of the intelligent driving circuit is shown in fig. 2.
The working method of the Ru-Fe-B push-pull piston type high-speed switch comprises the following steps:
(1) phase zero-crossing pulses generated by the voltage phase sensor and the current phase sensor are respectively sent to a timer T1 and a timer T2 of the single chip microcomputer through a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1) and a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2) to carry out periodic measurement, the low-voltage power grid does not need optical fiber isolation, and when the single chip microcomputer receives an action instruction or manual control, the step (2) of interrupting a service program is carried out;
(2) the time data of the former half period is taken as the standard, the time is delayed from the zero crossing point of the end of the former half period, the time of the time delay is the time of the former half period minus half of the action time of the switch, then the pulse for driving the solenoid is started to be output, the action time is just controlled at the zero crossing point, when the received command is on, the zero crossing signal of the voltage is used, and when the received command is off, the zero crossing signal of the current is used.
Further preferably, the intelligent driving circuit is initialized after being powered on, the initialization includes initializing the state mode of each port, and further includes storing a table of variation of switching speed with temperature and humidity, after the initialization is completed, the single chip microcomputer receives a phase voltage zero-crossing pulse through a port T1 of a timer, receives a current zero-crossing pulse through a port T2 of the timer, respectively measures a phase voltage and a current period, and continuously stores a refresh and wait manual or remote control command, and enters a driving interruption service process when receiving the control command, and the interruption service process is as follows:
A. setting the state of a relay K3 (the current direction of a solenoid coil) through an I/O1 end of the singlechip according to a control command, and waiting for driving of a driving pulse after setting the relay K3 to be on or off;
B. the driving pulse is output from an I/O2 end, the output time of the driving pulse begins to delay when the first half cycle finishes zero crossing, the delay time is the time of the first half cycle minus one half of the switching action time (the switching action time is known by table lookup), the driving pulse just falls on the zero crossing point, for a three-phase switch, the triggering pulse takes an A phase as the quasi-sequential delay 2/3 time (1200) of the first half cycle as a B phase, the sequential delay 1200 is also a C phase, B-phase driving pulses are output from I/O3 and I/O4 respectively, and I/O5 and I/O6 output C-phase pulses.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the switch of the invention is switched on when the voltage is over zero and switched off when the current is over zero, thereby effectively eliminating the arc discharge phenomenon in principle, and the switch enables a middle and low voltage power grid below 35KV to be replaced by an air switch and a high voltage power grid to be replaced by a vacuum switch, thereby not only greatly reducing the equipment cost and the installation cost, but also replacing an SF6 switch by the vacuum switch and solving the problem of environmental protection.
2. The switch of the invention has the advantages of no arc discharge, no ablation of the contact, prolonged service life, and improved operation safety, reliability, usability and operability.
3. The structure principle of the switch is suitable for various alternating current power grids, high-voltage power grids, low-voltage power grids, large-scale transformer substations and small-scale electrical equipment power socket, and the single-phase and three-phase switches are practical.
4. The switch of the invention has two working modes of manual operation and telemechanical operation, can be independently operated, and can be directly linked with other intelligent equipment to form an automatic telemechanical system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Ru Fe B push-pull piston type high-speed switch according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the intelligent switch driving circuit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit connection diagram of a middle-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further defined in the following, but not limited to, the figures and examples in the description.
Example 1
In order to realize the action of the switch at the zero crossing of the alternating current, a fast switch is firstly needed, the action at the zero crossing cannot be realized if the switch is too slow (for example, more than 10ms), in addition, the action time of the switch is stable, and the action at the zero crossing can not be realized accurately every time if the switch is unstable.
A push-pull piston type high-speed switch using Ru ferroboron strong magnets as pistons is shown in figure 1 and comprises two Ru ferroboron strong magnets, an electromagnet, a solenoid and a main contact, wherein the two Ru ferroboron comprise a first Ru ferroboron strong magnet and a second Ru ferroboron strong magnet; two Ru ferroboron strong magnets and an electromagnet are arranged in a solenoid, the electromagnet is positioned between the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets, the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets with opposite polarities are used as pistons and are driven by the solenoid to form a push-pull piston type high-speed magnetic latching switch driven by the electromagnet, the electromagnet is driven by current of the solenoid to form the push-wrist force of the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets to move, the current direction of the solenoid is changed to control the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets to move left and right, the switch-on and the switch-off of the switch are realized, the switch-on and the switch-off are controlled by a computer according to the reason of an arc pulling machine, the switch-on is realized when the voltage crosses zero, the switch-off is realized when the current crosses zero, and the alternating-current non-arc operation is realized.
The push-pull piston type high-speed switch also comprises a hard insulating rod which is not deformed by longitudinal impact, the hard insulating rod penetrates through the center of the electromagnet and can slide, a second Ru ferroboron strong magnet is fixedly arranged at one end close to the electromagnet, a first Ru ferroboron strong magnet is fixedly arranged at a safe insulation distance (the safe distance of a contact off state, such as 220V is about 5mm under the air and 10KV is about 7 mm) from the other end of the electromagnet, the polarity of the first Ru ferroboron strong magnet is opposite to that of the second Ru ferroboron strong magnet, the first Ru ferroboron strong magnet and the second Ru ferroboron strong magnet are both arranged in a solenoid, the switch is controlled by the current direction of the solenoid, and the hard insulating rod moves back and forth to control the main contact to be switched on or switched off.
To protect two Ru-Fe-B strong magnets from being covered
The push-pull piston type high-speed switch also comprises a positioning frame or a shell, and the positioning frame or the shell is arranged outside the solenoid; the inner length of the positioning frame or housing is slightly shorter than the length of the insulating rod (e.g., 0.1-0.2 mm). The design has the advantages that the Ru ferroboron is prevented from being crushed by impact;
setting the sum of the total mass of two Ru iron boron strong magnets and an insulating rod as m and the push-pull movement distanceWhen the magnetic force is S (e.g. 5mm for low-voltage switch), one of the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets is attracted together with the electromagnet and the other is at a distance S (e.g. 5mm for low-voltage switch) from the electromagnet under static state, because the two strong magnets have opposite polarities, the static push-pull force is the magnetic holding force F of the switch, the total mass of the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets fixed on the insulating rod and the insulating rod is m, when pulse current is applied to the solenoid coil, if the electromagnet polarity formed in the current direction is opposite to the strong magnets, the electromagnetic force is F, when F is larger than F, the strong magnets start to move, and according to F-F-ma, 2S at2Is substituted to obtain t2When the distance S and the mass m are constant, the switching time can be shortened by increasing the driving force or by connecting a plurality of stages in series, and the switching time can be theoretically brought close to zero by these two methods.
The electromagnet is fixed in the solenoid coil, the solenoid coil adopts a pulse driving mode, the width of a driving pulse is 2.3 tau, tau is L/R, L is the inductance of the solenoid coil, and R is the sum of the resistance of the solenoid coil and the internal resistance of a power supply.
Example 2
The Ru FeB push-pull piston type high-speed switch disclosed by the embodiment 1 is characterized in that: the intelligent monitoring circuit of the Ru-Fe-B push-pull piston type high-speed switch comprises a medium-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit and an intelligent drive circuit;
the zero-crossing pulse generated by the phase zero-crossing detection circuit is transmitted to T1 and T2 of the singlechip through a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1) and a current through a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2) for periodic test, the singlechip enters an interrupt service program after receiving an action instruction or a manual operation instruction, the interrupt service program firstly determines the current direction of the solenoid through a current reversing relay K3 according to the instruction (on and off), then waits for a driving pulse, when the voltage or the current passes through zero next time, the driving pulse is output, and the high-speed switch realizes zero-crossing arc-free action.
The required middle-high voltage and current zero-crossing phase detection signals come from the optical fiber of the equipotential phase detection circuit, the low-voltage phase detection can be directly input without optical fiber isolation, the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 3, and the middle-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit comprises: the device comprises an equipotential parasitic direct-current stabilized power supply, a voltage phase sensor and a current phase sensor;
the equipotential parasitic direct-current stabilized power supply comprises a traditional current transformer CT with a middle tap, a rectifier diode D1, a rectifier diode D2, a 5.5V voltage stabilizing diode DW, a triode Q1, a charging diode D3, a rechargeable battery DC, a filter capacitor C1 and a filter capacitor C2, wherein the middle tap of the current transformer CT is connected with a high-voltage wire, two ends of the current transformer CT are respectively connected with one end of the rectifier diode D1 and one end of the rectifier diode D2, the other end of the rectifier diode D1 is connected with the other end of the rectifier diode D2, one end of the voltage stabilizing diode DW, a collector of the triode Q1 and one end of the charging diode D3, the other end of the charging diode D3 is connected with the anode of the rechargeable battery DC, one end of the filter capacitor C1 and one end of the filter capacitor C2, the other end of the voltage stabilizing diode DW is connected with the base of the triode Q1, the filter capacitor C1, the other end of the filter capacitor C2, the cathode of the rechargeable battery DC, The emitter of the triode is connected to the high-voltage wire; forming an equipotential parasitic direct-current stabilized voltage supply;
the voltage phase sensor includes: the high-voltage switch comprises a ceramic chip capacitor and a first comparator, wherein one end of a capacitor C3 and one input end of the first comparator are connected with a high-voltage wire, the other end of a capacitor C3 is connected with the other input end of the first comparator, the output end of the first comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R1 and the input end of a NOT gate U1, the other end of a resistor R1 is connected with the high-voltage wire, the output end of the NOT gate U1 is connected with one end of a resistor LED D1, the other end of an LED D1 is connected with one end of the resistor R2 and the other end of the resistor R2 are connected with a 5V power supply, the light pulse of the LED is coupled to a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1), and the first optical fiber conducts a zero-crossing voltage light pulse signal to a T1 end of a ground switch circuit;
the current phase sensor also comprises a montmorillonoid resistance current sensor and a second comparator, wherein two ends of the manganin resistance current sensor are respectively connected with two input ends of the second comparator, the output end of the second comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of a capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of R3 and the input end of a phase device U2, the other end of R3 is connected with a high-voltage wire, the output end of the phase device U2 is connected with one end of a light-emitting diode D2, the other end of the light-emitting diode D2 is connected with one end of a resistor R4, the other end of the light-emitting diode D4 is connected with a 5V power supply, the light pulse of the light-emitting diode D2 is coupled to a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2), and the second optical fiber conducts a current light pulse signal to the T2 end of the ground switch circuit.
As shown in fig. 2, the intelligent driving circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer, a manual switching circuit, a driving circuit and a state display circuit;
the singlechip also comprises a power-on reset circuit and an oscillating circuit; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a 5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R1 is respectively connected with the capacitor C1 and the SET end of the singlechip, and the other end of the C1 is grounded to form a power-on reset circuit; one ends of the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are grounded, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with one end of the crystal Y and the oscillation end of the single chip microcomputer respectively, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the other end of the crystal Y and the other oscillation end of the single chip microcomputer respectively to form an oscillation circuit;
the manual switch circuit comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a switch SW1 and a switch SW2, wherein one ends of the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are connected with a 5V power supply, one ends of a switch SW1, a switch SW2, a capacitor C4 and a capacitor C5 are grounded, the other end of a resistor R2 is respectively connected with the other end of a switch SW1, the other end of a capacitor C4 and an INT1 end of the single chip microcomputer, and the other end of a resistor R3 is respectively connected with the other ends of a switch SW2, a capacitor C5 and an INT2 end of the single chip microcomputer;
the drive circuit comprises a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a triode Q1 and a triode Q2, diode D3, diode D4 and relay K3, wherein one end of resistor R4 is connected with the I/O1 end of the single chip microcomputer, the other end of resistor R4 is connected with the base of triode Q2, the emitter of triode Q2 is grounded, the collector of triode Q2 is connected with one end of diode D4 and one end of the coil of relay K3, the other end of the coil of relay K3 is connected with one end of resistor R6, the other end of resistor R6 is connected with the other end of diode D4 and a 12V power supply, two ends of the Roux coil are connected with two knife ends of a double-pole double-Zheng switch, one end of resistor R5 is connected with the I/O2 end of the single chip microcomputer, the other end of resistor R5 is connected with the base of triode Q2, the emitter of triode Q2 is grounded, the collector of triode Q2 is connected with one end of diode D3 and two joints of relay K3, and the other end of diode D3 is connected with the 12V power supply;
the state display circuit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a diode D5 and a diode D6, wherein one ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with two poles of a relay K3, the other ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with one ends of a diode D5 and a diode D6, and the other ends of the diode D5 and the diode D6 are grounded. The circuit diagram of the intelligent driving circuit is shown in fig. 2.
The zero-crossing arc-free air switch is applied to a low-voltage power grid, a phase detection circuit is changed into an optical fiber isolation transmission equipotential mode, the zero-crossing arc-free air switch can be directly used on a medium-voltage power grid (10KV, 20KV and 35KV), a switch part is made into a vacuum switch, the high-voltage power grid can be directly used for replacing an SF6 switch, equipment and installation cost can be saved, and the problem of replacement of an SF6 switch is solved.
The voltage and current zero-crossing detection can directly obtain voltage phase zero-crossing pulse from a power grid by using resistance voltage division and obtain current zero-crossing pulse by using simple low-voltage CT, and a circuit power supply can use a traditional mobile phone charging source, a large load switch and a small plug wire row switch.
A single chip microcomputer program in the equipotential parasitic power supply PT and CT combination is added with a phase zero-crossing detection function and combined with a zero-crossing action arc-free switch, so that an intelligent substation bus terminal or a medium-high voltage T-connection terminal with detection, metering, manual control and remote control functions can be formed.
Example 3
The operating method of the ru-fe-boron push-pull piston type high-speed switch according to embodiment 2 includes the steps of:
(1) voltage phase zero-crossing pulses and current phase zero-crossing pulses (which can be directly taken by a low-voltage power grid) generated by a voltage phase sensor and a current phase sensor are respectively sent to a timer T1 and a timer T2 of the single chip microcomputer through a first optical fiber (optical fiber 1) and a second optical fiber (optical fiber 2) to carry out periodic measurement, and when the single chip microcomputer receives an action instruction or manual control, the step (2) of interrupting a service program is carried out;
(2) and when the received command is on, a voltage zero crossing signal is used, and when the received command is off, a current zero crossing signal is used. The switch needs to act when the alternating current passes through zero, the zero-crossing phase of the voltage and the current needs to be known firstly, in order to enable the action to accurately fall on the zero-crossing point, the delay value is calculated most accurately by selecting the first half cycle time as the basis, and the phase detection of the medium-high voltage power grid is most economical by adopting optical fiber isolation and transmission equipotential detection.
Further preferably, the intelligent driving single chip microcomputer is initialized after being powered on, the initialization includes initializing the state mode of each port, and further includes storing a table of variation of switching speed along with temperature and humidity, after the initialization is completed, the single chip microcomputer receives a zero-crossing pulse of a phase voltage through a port T1 of a timer, a port T2 of the timer respectively measures the period of the phase voltage and the current by receiving the zero-crossing pulse of the current and continuously stores a refresh and wait manual or remote control command, and immediately enters a driving interruption service process when receiving the control command, and the interruption service process is as follows:
A. setting the state of a relay K3 (the current direction of a solenoid coil) through an I/O1 end of the singlechip according to a control command, and waiting for driving of a driving pulse after setting the relay K3 to be on or off;
B. the driving pulse is output from the I/O2 end, the time of the driving pulse output begins to delay when the second time passes zero in the first half period, the time of the delay is the time of the first half period minus half of the time of the switching action, the driving pulse is output after the delay is finished, and the switching action just falls on the zero crossing point.
C. Three-phase switch, singlechip I/O3, I/O4 are B looks, I/O5, I/O6 are C looks, and the operation process is the same with A looks, just postpone 1200 in time and export B looks drive trigger pulse, postpone 1200 again and export C looks drive trigger pulse.
Claims (9)
1. A Ru ferroboron push-pull piston type high-speed switch is characterized by comprising two Ru ferroboron strong magnets, an electromagnet, a solenoid and a main contact, wherein the two Ru ferroboron comprise a first Ru ferroboron strong magnet and a second Ru ferroboron strong magnet; two Ru ferroboron strong magnets and electromagnets are arranged in a solenoid, the electromagnets are located between the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets, the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets with opposite polarities are used as pistons and driven by the solenoid to form a push-pull piston type high-speed magnetic latching switch driven by the electromagnets, the current of the solenoid drives the electromagnets to form the push-pull arm force of the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets to move, the current direction of the solenoid is changed to control the two Ru ferroboron strong magnets to move left and right, the switch-on and the switch-off of the switch are realized, the switch-on and the switch-off are controlled by a computer according to an arc pulling mechanism, the switch-on is realized when the voltage crosses zero, the switch-off is realized when the current crosses zero, and the alternating-current arcless operation is realized.
2. A Ru ferroboron push-pull piston type high-speed switch as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an insulating rod which does not deform due to longitudinal impact, wherein the insulating rod passes through the center of the electromagnet and is slidable, a second Ru ferroboron strong magnet is fixedly mounted at one end close to the electromagnet, a first Ru ferroboron strong magnet is fixedly mounted at a safe insulation distance from the other end of the electromagnet, the polarity of the first Ru ferroboron strong magnet is opposite to that of the second Ru ferroboron strong magnet, the first Ru ferroboron strong magnet and the second Ru ferroboron strong magnet are both mounted in a solenoid, and the main contact is controlled to be turned on or off by the current direction control switch of the solenoid and the hard insulating rod moves back and forth.
3. A ru-fe push-pull piston type high speed switch as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a positioning frame or housing, said positioning frame or housing being disposed outside said solenoid; the inner length of the positioning frame or the shell is shorter than that of the hard insulating rod, and the length difference between the inner length of the positioning frame or the shell and the hard insulating rod is 0.1-0.2 mm.
4. A Ru Fe B push-pull piston type high-speed switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electromagnet is fixed in a solenoid coil, the solenoid coil adopts a pulse driving mode, the width of the driving pulse is 2.3 τ, τ is L/R, L/R is a time constant, L is the inductance of the solenoid, and R is the sum of the resistance of the solenoid coil and the internal resistance of the power supply.
5. The Ru FebBo push-pull piston type high-speed switch according to claim 2, wherein the intelligent monitoring circuit of the Ru FebBo push-pull piston type zero-crossing action switch comprises a medium-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit and an intelligent drive circuit;
the voltage phase zero-crossing pulse generated by the medium-high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit passes through the first optical fiber, the generated current phase zero-crossing pulse passes through the second optical fiber and is all sent to the intelligent drive circuit, and the intelligent drive circuit enters an interrupt service program after receiving an action instruction: the interrupt service program firstly determines the current direction of the solenoid coil through the solenoid current reversing relay according to the instruction content, then waits for the driving pulse, outputs the driving pulse when the voltage or the current crosses zero, and acts on the high-speed switch to realize the zero-crossing arc-free action of the high-speed switch.
6. A Ru FeB push-pull piston type high-speed switch as claimed in claim 5, wherein the middle and high voltage zero-crossing phase detection circuit comprises: the device comprises an equipotential parasitic direct-current stabilized power supply, a voltage phase sensor and a current phase sensor;
the equipotential parasitic direct-current stabilized power supply comprises a current transformer CT with a middle tap, a rectifier diode D1, a rectifier diode D2, a voltage stabilizing diode DW with 5.5V, a triode Q1, a charging diode D3, a charging battery DC, a filter capacitor C1 and a filter capacitor C2, wherein the middle tap of the current transformer CT is connected with a high-voltage wire, two ends of the current transformer CT are respectively connected with one end of the rectifier diode D1 and one end of the rectifier diode D2, the other end of the rectifier diode D1 is connected with the other end of the rectifier diode D2, one end of the voltage stabilizing diode DW and a collector of the triode Q1 and then connected with one end of the charging diode D3, the other end of the charging diode D3 is connected with the anode of the charging battery DC, one end of the filter capacitor C1 and one end of the filter capacitor C2, the other end of the voltage stabilizing diode DW is connected with a base of the triode Q1, and the other end of the filter capacitor C1, the cathode of the charging battery, The emitter of the triode is connected to the high-voltage wire;
the voltage phase sensor includes: one end of a capacitor C3 and a first comparator, one input end of a capacitor C3 and one input end of the first comparator are connected with a high-voltage wire, the other end of a capacitor C3 is connected with the other input end of the first comparator, the output end of the first comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R1 and the input end of a NOT gate U1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the high-voltage wire, the output end of the NOT gate U1 is connected with one end of a resistor LED D1, the other end of the LED D1 is connected with one end of a resistor R2 and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a 5V power supply, the light pulse of the LED is coupled to a first optical fiber, and the first optical fiber conducts a voltage zero-crossing light pulse signal to a T1 end of the ground switch circuit;
the current phase sensor further comprises a montmorillonoid resistance current sensor and a second comparator, wherein two ends of the manganin resistance current sensor are respectively connected with two input ends of the second comparator, the output end of the second comparator is connected with one end of a capacitor C4, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R3, the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with one end of a resistor R3 and the input end of a phase device U2, the other end of the capacitor R3 is connected with a high-voltage wire, the output end of the phase device U2 is connected with one end of a light-emitting diode D2, the other end of the light-emitting diode D2 is connected with one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the light-emitting diode D4 is connected with a 5V power supply, the light pulse of the light-emitting diode D2 is coupled to a second optical fiber, and the second optical fiber conducts a current zero-crossing light pulse signal to the T2 end of the ground switch circuit.
7. The Ru FeB push-pull piston type high-speed switch as claimed in claim 6, wherein the intelligent drive circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer, a manual switch circuit, a drive circuit and a state display circuit;
the single chip microcomputer also comprises a power-on reset circuit and an oscillating circuit; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a 5V power supply, the other end of the resistor R1 is respectively connected with the capacitor C1 and the SET end of the singlechip, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded to form the power-on reset circuit; one ends of the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are grounded, the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with one end of the crystal Y and the oscillation end of the single chip microcomputer respectively, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the other end of the crystal Y and the other oscillation end of the single chip microcomputer respectively to form the oscillation circuit;
the manual switch circuit comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a switch SW1 and a switch SW2, wherein one ends of the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 are connected with a 5V power supply, one ends of the switch SW1, the switch SW2, the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C5 are grounded, the other end of the resistor R2 is respectively connected with the other ends of the switch SW1 and the capacitor C4 and the INT1 end of the single chip microcomputer, and the other end of the resistor R3 is respectively connected with the other ends of the switch SW2 and the capacitor C5 and the INT2 end of the single chip microcomputer;
the driving circuit comprises a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a triode Q1, a triode Q2, a diode D3, a diode D4 and a relay K3, wherein one end of a resistor R4 is connected with the I/O1 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with the base of a triode Q2, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of a diode D4 and one end of a coil of the relay K3, the other end of the coil of the relay K3 is connected with one end of a resistor R6, the other end of a resistor R6 is connected with the other end of a diode D4 and a 12V power supply, two ends of a solenoid coil are connected with two knife ends of a double-pole double-zheng switch, one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the I/O2 end of the singlechip, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the base of the triode Q2, the emitter of the triode Q2 is grounded, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of a diode D3 and two junctions of the relay K3, the other end of the diode D3 is connected with a 12V power supply;
the state display circuit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a diode D5 and a diode D6, wherein one ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with two poles of a relay K3, the other ends of the resistor R7 and the resistor R8 are respectively connected with one ends of a diode D5 and a diode D6, and the other ends of the diode D5 and the diode D6 are grounded.
8. The operating method of the Ru Feibo push-pull piston type high-speed switch as claimed in claim 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) voltage phase zero-crossing pulse and current phase zero-crossing pulse generated by the voltage phase sensor and the current phase sensor are respectively sent to a timer T1 and a timer T2 of the single chip microcomputer through the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber for periodic measurement, and when the single chip microcomputer receives an action instruction or manual control, the step (2) of interrupting a service program is carried out;
(2) delaying from the second zero crossing of the first half cycle based on the data of the first half cycle, wherein the delayed time is the time of the first half cycle minus half of the switch action time, delaying to the start of outputting the pulse for driving the solenoid, so that the action time is just controlled at the first zero crossing of the next cycle, when the received command is on, the zero crossing signal of the voltage is used, and when the received command is off, the zero crossing signal of the current is used.
9. The operating method of the ru-fe push-pull piston type high speed switch as claimed in claim 8, wherein the service interruption process is as follows:
A. setting the state of a relay K3 through an I/O1 end of the singlechip according to a control command, and waiting for driving of a driving pulse after setting on or off;
B. the driving pulse is output from the I/O2 end, the output time of the driving pulse begins to delay when the first half cycle finishes zero crossing, and the delayed time is the time of the first half cycle minus half of the action time of the switch; the driving pulse just falls on a zero crossing point, for a three-phase switch, the triggering pulse takes the A phase as quasi-forward 120-degree time as the B phase, the triggering pulse also takes the forward 120-degree time as the C phase, B-phase driving pulses are respectively output from I/O3 and I/O4, and I/O5 and I/O6 output C-phase pulses.
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