CN113823160B - Rainbow presenting, measuring and controlling device - Google Patents
Rainbow presenting, measuring and controlling device Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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Abstract
The invention provides a rainbow presenting and measuring and controlling device, which comprises a light source, a transparent water tank and a receiving light screen which are sequentially arranged along the transmission direction of light, wherein clear water or sodium chloride solution with gradient concentration is contained in the transparent water tank; the receiving light screen is used for receiving the light refracted out of the transparent water tank and displaying a rainbow; the rainbow display and measurement and control device further comprises a light adjusting assembly for adjusting the length, the width and the curvature of the rainbow and a measuring instrument for measuring included angles between incident light and various colors of light of the rainbow, and the light adjusting assembly is arranged on an incident light path or an emergent light path. The invention adjusts the observation of the rainbow phenomenon through the light adjusting component; and a measuring instrument is adopted to measure the refraction angle of the light path of the rainbow phenomenon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical measurement, and particularly relates to a rainbow presenting, measuring and controlling device.
Background
Rainbow and neon are a natural phenomenon formed by the reflection and refraction of solar rays by water droplets in the atmosphere. When it rains on a sunny day, colored arcs appear in the sky opposite to the sun, and seven colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple are arranged in a certain sequence. The arc can sometimes see two arcs, the red is outside and purple inside, the color is bright called ' rainbow ', the red is inside and purple outside, and the color is lighter called neon '. When the rainbow is formed, sunlight enters the water drop, is refracted once, then is reflected on the back of the water drop, and finally is refracted once again when leaving the water drop. Because water has a dispersive effect on light, the refractive index of light with different wavelengths is different, and the refraction angle of purple light is larger than that of red light. Since the light is reflected within the drop, the spectrum seen by the viewer is inverted, red light is uppermost and the other colors are lower.
The neon light is obtained by refracting sunlight into a water drop, reflecting the sunlight twice in the water drop and finally emitting the water drop through refraction. Because the reflection is not perfect total reflection and partial energy is lost, the neon obtained by two reflections is generally weaker than the rainbow obtained by only one reflection, and the neon obtained by the traditional method with weaker light intensity is inconvenient for researchers to observe and accurately research.
Rainbow and secondary rainbow are common natural phenomena after raining and sunny days, and understanding the formation mechanism and researching method thereof can deepen scientific cognition on the optical phenomena. The experimental device designed for observing the rainbow and the neon can meet the requirements of measuring, researching and discussing partial parameter indexes of the rainbow or the neon and deeply discussing the influence of the partial parameter indexes on the premise of realizing the basic reappearance of the experimental phenomena of the rainbow and the neon.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a rainbow presenting and measuring and controlling device, which is used for solving the technical problem that the existing rainbow presenting device cannot accurately measure rainbow parameters.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a rainbow presenting and measuring and controlling device, which comprises a light source, a transparent water cylinder and a receiving light screen, which are sequentially arranged along the transmission direction of light, wherein clear water or sodium chloride solution with gradient concentration is contained in the transparent water cylinder, a light reflecting member for reflecting light incident into the transparent water cylinder is arranged in the transparent water cylinder, and the light reflecting member is attached to the inner side wall of the transparent water cylinder and is immersed in the clear water or the sodium chloride solution with gradient concentration; the receiving light screen is used for receiving the light refracted out of the transparent water tank and displaying a rainbow;
the appearance and measurement and control device of rainbow still including the light adjustment assembly who is used for adjusting the length, width and the camber of rainbow and the measuring apparatu that is used for measuring rainbow phenomenon light path refraction angle, light adjustment assembly sets up on incident light path or emergent light path.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the light ray adjustment assembly includes a guide rail and a plurality of convex lenses or concave lenses arranged at intervals, each of the convex lenses or concave lenses is slidably disposed on the guide rail through a slider, and the plurality of convex lenses or concave lenses have the same diameter and different focal lengths.
In the embodiment of the invention, the rainbow presenting, measuring and controlling device further comprises an objective table used for placing the transparent water cylinder, the measuring instrument is a spectrometer, the objective table is circular, the spectrometer is connected with the objective table through a handle, an eyepiece lens barrel of the spectrometer can rotate around the center of the objective table, and the extension line of emergent light rays emitted from the transparent water cylinder is intersected with the position right above the circular objective table.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the light reflector is an aluminum mirror, and a reflecting surface of the aluminum mirror faces the middle of the transparent water tank and is configured to reflect refracted light entering the transparent water tank.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum mirror is a plane mirror or a concave mirror.
In the embodiment of the invention, the rainbow presenting, measuring and controlling device further comprises a base arranged below the objective table, and universal wheels used for walking are mounted on the base.
In the embodiment of the invention, the transparent water vat is made of an acrylic glass product.
In the embodiment of the invention, two rows of light-shielding paper are adhered to the inner side wall of the cylinder body on one side of the transparent water cylinder close to the light source along the height direction, and a space for light rays emitted by the light source to enter is formed between the two rows of light-shielding paper.
In the embodiment of the invention, a water level line is carved on the inner side wall of the transparent water tank.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is in the range of 0 to 25%.
Through the technical scheme, the rainbow presenting, measuring and controlling device provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
and adding clear water into the transparent water vat to the scale mark, turning on a light source, and after the light is emitted, refracting the light into the transparent water vat through a slit reserved on the side wall of the transparent water vat. The rainbow image formed by refraction, reflection and refraction can be received on the other side of the transparent water tank by rotating the bearing light screen. At this time, the light reflecting element for reflecting the light on the inner side wall of the transparent water tank simulates the generation process of the neon light, the light is dispersed through refraction-reflection-refraction, and the neon light image is generated on the other side of the rainbow, and the neon light and the rainbow light are opposite in color arrangement. In addition, the invention can adjust the length, the curvature and the like of the rainbow by arranging the light adjusting component on the incident light path or the emergent light path, arrange the measuring instrument for measuring the refraction angle of the rainbow phenomenon light path, and replace the clear water in the transparent water tank with the sodium chloride solution with gradient concentration, thereby realizing the aim of measuring multiple indexes of the rainbow.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide an understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first view angle of a rainbow presentation and measurement and control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second viewing angle of a rainbow presenting and measuring and controlling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the intensity of an iris image and its area size according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the deflection angles of red and violet light according to the concentration of NaCl in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the difference between the color dispersion ratios of violet light and red light according to the mass fraction of NaCl solution in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the refractive index of shrimp red and purple light in sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations in the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
| Reference numerals | Name(s) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 10 | |
43 | |
| 20 | |
50 | |
| 30 | Adapting |
60 | |
| 40 | Convex |
70 | Shading paper |
| 41 | |
80 | |
| 42 | Guide rail | A | |
| 90 | Handle (CN) | 81 | Base seat |
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and are not restrictive thereof.
A rainbow presentation and measurement and control apparatus according to the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a rainbow presenting and measuring and controlling device is provided, the rainbow presenting and measuring and controlling device includes a light source 10, a transparent water tank 20, and a light receiving screen 30, which are sequentially arranged along a transmission direction of light, clear water or a sodium chloride solution with a gradient concentration is contained in the transparent water tank 20, a light reflecting member for reflecting light incident into the transparent water tank 20 is arranged in the transparent water tank 20, and the light reflecting member is attached to an inner side wall of the transparent water tank 20 and is immersed in the clear water or the sodium chloride solution with the gradient concentration; the receiving light screen 30 is used for receiving the light refracted from the transparent water tank 20 and displaying a rainbow; the rainbow display and measurement and control device further comprises a light adjusting component for adjusting the length, the width and the curvature of the rainbow and a measuring instrument for measuring the refraction angle of a rainbow phenomenon light path, wherein the light adjusting component is arranged on an incident light path or an emergent light path.
And (3) rainbow and neon reappearance: adding clear water to the transparent water tank 20 to a water level, wherein the weight of the clear water is 170g, the water tank is adjusted to a proper position, and after the flashlight is turned on, the emergent light path position of the light in the water tank just passes through the center of the spectrometer objective table. The light source 10 is turned on, light is refracted into the transparent water jar 20 through a slit reserved on the side wall of the transparent water jar 20 after being emitted, and the light reflector is used for reflecting light on the inner side wall of the transparent water jar 20. The receiving light screen 30 is rotated to receive the rainbow image formed by refraction-reflection-refraction on the other side of the transparent water tank 20. At this time, an aluminum mirror is inserted into the transparent water tank 20 and is perpendicular to the aluminum mirror 60 on the inner side wall, the generation process of the neon light is simulated, the light is dispersed through refraction-reflection-refraction, the image of the neon light is generated on the other side of the rainbow, and the neon light and the rainbow light are arranged in opposite colors.
The light source 10 is a white laser light source 10, and compared with the ordinary light source 10, the white laser light source 10 has the characteristics of high brightness and high collimation, and the light tends to be parallel but not divergent, and the concentration degree is high. The white laser spectrum consists of three linear spectrums of red, blue and green, and the spectrums are discrete. The white color is very easy to separate due to dispersion phenomenon in subsequent optical processing, and the seven-color spectrum is re-dispersed. Compared with the common light source 10, the visible light wavelength coverage is full, and the color band is more complete.
In addition, the present invention can adjust the length, width, curvature, etc. of the rainbow by installing the light adjusting assembly on the incident light path or the emergent light path, and installing the measuring instrument for measuring the refraction angle of the rainbow light path, and can achieve the purpose of measuring various indexes of the rainbow by replacing the clear water in the transparent water tank 20 with the sodium chloride solution with gradient concentration.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the light adjustment assembly includes a guide rail 42 and a plurality of convex lenses 40 or concave lenses 41 arranged at intervals, each of the convex lenses 40 or concave lenses 41 is slidably disposed on the guide rail 42 through a slider 43, and the plurality of convex lenses 40 or concave lenses 41 have the same diameter and different focal lengths. A plurality of convex lenses 40 are arranged on an incident light path between the light source 10 and the water tank, so that the rainbow and neon light bands can be bent, and the smaller the focal length of the convex lens 40 is, the larger the bending degree of the light band is. Compared with the method of adopting a convex mirror to replace a reflector, the method of adding the convex lens 40 is simpler and more effective, and the effect is more obvious. The concave lens 41 has the function of light divergence, and the rainbow and neon light bands can be lengthened by adding the concave lens 41 to the emergent light path between the transparent water cylinder 20 and the light receiving screen 30, and the smaller the absolute value of the focal length of the concave lens 41 is, the longer the light band is.
Specifically, in the actual experiment process, the working principle and the action effect of the concave lens 41 or the convex lens 40 can be obtained through the following operation experiments:
first, clear water is added to the transparent water tank 20 to the scale line, the light source 10 is turned on, and the stage 50 is adjusted so that the rainbow image can be received on the receiving screen 30. By adding the convex lens 40 between the light source 10 and the transparent water tank 20, it can be observed that a curved rainbow image appears on the light receiving screen 30. When the convex lenses 40 with different focal lengths are replaced, the curvature of the rainbow is changed. The smaller the absolute value of the focal length of the convex lens 40, the more curved the rainbow appears; neon works in the same way as rainbow.
Similarly, if the non-circular concave lens 41 is added to the transparent water tank 20 and the light screen 30, the width (length) of the rainbow can be adjusted independently without changing the length (width).
In addition, it is further found in the experiment that when the concave lens 41 or the convex lens 40 is added to change the curvature, length and width of the iris, the brightness (i.e., light intensity) of the iris image on the light receiving screen 30 is also changed. The team guesses that the average light intensity of the rainbow image has a certain relation with the total area projected on the light intensity, so the following verification experiment is carried out for verification.
The verification process of the verification experiment: the sodium chloride solution is added to the transparent water tank 20 to the water line, the light source 10 is turned on, and the stage 50 is adjusted until the rainbow image is received on the receiving screen 30. The position of the fixed stage 50, receiving the light screen 30, does not change. With a clamp to a precision of 1mm 2 The coordinate paper of (2) is sandwiched between the light receiving screens 30, and the boundary of the rainbow image is drawn with a pen. The coordinate paper is taken down, the area of the coordinate paper is determined by counting the number of grids in the rainbow image on the coordinate paper, less than half grids are omitted, and more than half grids are recorded as one grid, and less than one grid is recorded. The area precision can be accurate to 1mm 2 . After the coordinate paper was removed, the light intensity of the rainbow image was measured by a light intensity meter. Taking the difference of light intensity at different positions into consideration, sampling and measuring at five points of the upper, lower, left, right and middle of the rainbow image, and taking the average value as the average light of the rainbow imageIs strong.
Alternatively, the size of the rainbow image on the light screen is changed by adding the concave lens 41 between the water tank and the light screen while keeping the positions of the fixed stage 50 and the light screen unchanged. Another piece of coordinate paper was clipped to the light screen with a clip and the border of the rainbow was traced with a pen. The area was calculated as described above. The coordinate paper is taken down and the average light intensity is measured according to the method. And (4) changing the concave lens 41 with different focal lengths, changing the size of the rainbow image, repeating the steps to measure the area and the light intensity of the rainbow image, and searching for a rule. As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 3, the area of the iris on the receiving screen 30 is plotted against the change in illumination intensity. The area of the iris on the screen with the addition of different lenses and its average intensity (actually illuminance) data are shown in table 1. The product of the area of the iris image on the screen and its average light intensity (illumination) is a constant value, the product is calculated and the relative deviation of each set of products from the average is calculated as shown in table 1. The relative deviation is within 5%. Considering the problem of experimental accuracy, the product of the area of the iris receiving the image on the light screen 30 and the average light intensity is a constant value and is inversely proportional to the error tolerance.
TABLE 1 data of illuminance, area, etc. of rainbow light band
In the embodiment of the present invention, the rainbow display and measurement and control device further includes an objective table 50 for placing the transparent water tank 20, the measuring instrument is a spectrometer 80, the objective table 50 is circular, the spectrometer 80 is connected to the center of the objective table 50 through a handle 90, an eyepiece of the spectrometer 80 can rotate around the center of the objective table 50, and an extension line of an emergent ray emitted from the transparent water tank 20 intersects directly above the center of the objective table 50.
In the experiment, the light source 10 lens barrel of the spectrometer 80 is changed into the white laser light source 10, the dial is fixed, the position of the original light source 10 lens barrel is at the 0 scale mark, and the pointer is added on the eyepiece lens barrel. When a clear rainbow image can be observed in the eyepiece, the deflection angle of the rainbow comparison light source 10 can be read by the pointer and the scale. After the device is modified, the measurement of experimental data is more convenient and accurate, and the volume of the device is reduced, so that the device is convenient to carry.
Specifically, spectrometer 80 is used to measure the angle of incident light to the dispersed light of the various colors. Move away spectrometer 80 eyepiece, change the light screen and accept the rainbow image, through add the meniscus lens 40 of different camber sizes on incident light or emergent light path, can realize adjusting the length, the camber of rainbow.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the light reflecting member is an aluminum mirror 60, and a reflecting surface of the aluminum mirror 60 faces the middle portion of the transparent water tank 20 and serves to reflect the refracted light entering into the transparent water tank 20. In actual life, the boundary of the water drop is similar to a semi-transparent mirror, and certain light rays refract out of the water drop while the light is reflected, so that the light intensity of neon in nature is lower than that of rainbow. The experiment uses the total reflection aluminum mirror 60 to simulate the reflection process, so neon lights have no obvious light intensity difference with rainbow lights. The aluminum mirror 60 with proper size is used for replacing a plane mirror and is placed into the water tank, so that the phenomenon that light is reflected on the front surface and the rear surface of the plane mirror respectively to form two overlapped rainbow is avoided, and the influence on observation is reduced.
The aluminum mirror 60 is compared to a common glass mirror: the common glass plane mirror is made by coating a mirror material on one surface of glass, and when light is reflected by the common glass plane mirror, the light can be reflected on the front surface and the rear surface of the glass, so that two overlapped rainbow images are generated, and the common glass plane mirror is not beneficial to observation and analysis. The aluminum mirror 60 avoids this phenomenon, and the light is totally reflected from the surface of the aluminum mirror 60 to form a clear rainbow image, which is beneficial to observation and analysis.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum mirror 60 is a flat mirror or a concave mirror.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the rainbow display and monitoring device further includes a base 81 disposed below the object stage 50, and universal wheels for walking are mounted at the bottom of the base 81, so that the wheels can be adjusted and fixed freely without sliding or the wheels can be slid by loosening the fixing device, thereby facilitating the movement of the whole device.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the transparent water tank 20 is made of an acrylic glass member.
In the embodiment of the present invention, two rows of light-shielding paper 70 are attached to the inner side wall of the transparent water tank 20 on the side close to the light source 10 in the height direction, a space into which light emitted from the light source 10 is incident is formed between the two rows of light-shielding paper 70, and the incident point a of the light source 10 is located in the space. The masking paper 70 is attached to the side wall of the water vat and used for masking redundant light rays, so that a beam of parallel light is incident into the transparent water vat 20 from a space reserved between two rows of the masking paper 70, and interference of stray light to experimental observation is reduced.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a water level line is carved on the inner side wall of the transparent water tank 20, so that an experimenter can observe the water level condition in the transparent water tank 20.
In the examples of the present invention, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is in the range of 0 to 25%. By setting the sodium chloride solution in the transparent water tank 20 to different concentrations and measuring the refractive index of sodium chloride solution media with different concentration gradients, the influence of the medium refractive index on the rainbow refraction angle can be explored.
The specific operation process is as follows: preparing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and saturated NaCl solution, measuring and recording the refractive index of the NaCl solution in sequence by using an Abbe refractometer, and drawing a NaCl solution refractive index correction curve. The weight of the water in the water tank under the appropriate water quantity is measured by a differential weight method, and the NaCl mass required for enabling the water tank to reach the concentration in the experiment is calculated according to the weight of the water in the water tank under the appropriate water quantity. The labels are weighed and labeled in advance.
After the iris is reproduced, the eyepiece barrel of the spectrometer 80 is rotated to emit the iris from the water tank, and the iris is then emitted through the eyepiece barrel. At this time, the dispersed lights of different colors can be observed in the eyepiece lens barrel. The eyepiece barrel is carefully rotated so that the intersection of the cross-shaped nicks in the center of the eyepiece is aligned with the red light boundary of the rainbow. The angle of refraction of the red light can be read by a pointer on the eyepiece and a dial of spectrometer 80. Reading out the refraction angle of the purple light in the same way; next, the fixed stage 50 was kept still, and weighed NaCl solid was added to the water tank and stirred with a glass rod to dissolve it sufficiently. And rotating the eyepiece lens barrel again to align the intersection of the cross nicks in the center of the eyepiece with the red light boundary of the iris. The angle of refraction of red light under the NaCl solution was read 5% by a pointer on the eyepiece and a dial of the spectrometer 80. The refraction angle of the purple light is read out in the same way. The above steps are repeated until the refraction angle of the red light and the purple light is measured when the red light and the purple light are saturated.
Specific experimental data are summarized as follows:
1. calibration of refractive index
Measurement of refractive index initial temperature: 27.0 ℃, refractive index end temperature was measured: 27.2 ℃, measurement of the initial temperature of the siphon: 32.0 ℃, end of iris temperature: at the temperature of 32.0 ℃; when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃, the refractive index of the liquid is reduced by 3.5 to 10 -4 ～5.5*10 -4 For ease of calculation, 4.0 x 10 is typically used -4 Is a temperature change constant. Since the temperature for the gradient NaCl solution experiment was 32 ℃, it was calibrated to 32 ℃. The refractive index of the series of solutions at 32 ℃ can be converted according to the following formula, and the arrangement is shown in Table 2:
n 2 ＝n 1 -0.0004(t 2 -t 1 )
wherein n is 1 Refers to standard refractive index; n is a radical of an alkyl radical 2 Refers to the refractive index after calibration; t is t 2 Refers to the end temperature at which the refractive index is measured; t is t 1 Refers to the starting temperature at which the refractive index is measured.
TABLE 2 relationship of refractive index of sodium chloride solution with concentration at 32 deg.C
2. Effect of Medium refractive index on iridescence location
The influence of the medium on the iris position is mainly reflected on the refraction angle, and the data records of the red light and the purple light angles of the iris under different refractive indexes are shown in the table 3; further, with the mass fraction of NaCl as the abscissa and the deflection angle as the ordinate, the following graph is plotted as shown in fig. 4: it can be seen from the figure that as the refractive index of the medium increases (mass fraction of NaCl increases), the refraction angles of both red and violet light increase, and the rate of change of the violet light angle with the refractive index is slightly greater than that of red light. Because the angle change range is not too large, the two can be regarded as linear change relation to the refractive index alone.
TABLE 3 relationship between the deflection angles of red and violet light and the concentration of NaCl
3. Calculation of refractive index of red and violet light
The refractive indexes of red and violet light under different media are calculated by the following refractive index formula (2), and the mass fraction of the refractive index to NaCl is plotted as shown in FIG. 5
Wherein n is the refractive index; i refers to the refraction angle.
As can be seen from the figure, as the mass fraction of the NaCl solution increases, the refractive indexes of red light and purple light are increased and then decreased; the red light is less affected by the change of the mass fraction, and the purple light is more affected by the mass fraction.
4. Dispersion rate calculation
In this experiment, the dispersion ratio is mainly expressed by the difference between the refractive indices of red and violet light. The larger the difference between the red light and the purple light, the dispersion of the red light and the purple light (which can be extended to the light of each color) is, i.e. the dispersion degree is better. The difference between the dispersion ratios of the two is shown in FIG. 5 as the mass fraction of NaCl solution changes; as can be seen from the figure, the difference between the refractive indexes of the two lights is the smallest when the mass fraction of NaCl is 10%, i.e., the dispersion effect is the worst; the dispersion ratio decreased and then increased with the increase in mass fraction of NaCl.
5. Influence of refractive index of medium on light intensity
In the experiment, the light intensity of the rainbow (the illumination of yellow green light is adopted) is measured under different NaCl mass fractions, and the light intensity of the rainbow shows regular change under different refractive indexes. The light intensity of the rainbow at different refractive indexes also shows regular changes. The variation of the light intensity to the transmittance is shown in fig. 6: it can be seen from the figure that as the refractive index of the medium increases, the dissipation of light in the medium increases and the intensity of the rainbow gradually decreases.
Finally, experimental errors were analyzed:
systematic error: the dispersion degree of the color band can not be completely separated due to the dispersion intensity of the device; or the water tank actually has a certain thickness, incident light is firstly refracted at an air-glass interface for the first time, and then refracted at a glass-water interface for the second time (emergent light is the same way), and the measurement of the angle is influenced.
Uncertainty: the degree to which the measurement cannot be determined due to random errors is the class a uncertainty. The uncertainty in the results due to instrument error in the systematic error is the class B uncertainty. Here we only consider instrument errors.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to imply that the number of technical features indicated are in fact significant. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A rainbow presenting and measuring and controlling device comprises a light source (10), a transparent water tank (20) and a receiving light screen (30) which are sequentially arranged along the transmission direction of light, and is characterized in that clear water or sodium chloride solution with gradient concentration is contained in the transparent water tank (20), a light reflecting piece used for reflecting the light incident into the transparent water tank (20) is arranged in the transparent water tank (20), and the light reflecting piece is attached to the inner side wall of the transparent water tank (20) and immersed in the clear water or the sodium chloride solution with gradient concentration; the receiving light screen (30) is used for receiving the light refracted out of the transparent water tank (20) and displaying a rainbow; wherein,
the appearance and the measurement and control device of rainbow still include the light adjustment subassembly that is used for adjusting the length, width and the camber of rainbow and be used for measuring rainbow phenomenon light path refraction angle's measuring apparatu, the light adjustment subassembly includes guide rail (42) and convex lens (40) or concave lens (41) that a plurality of interval arranged, every convex lens (40) or concave lens (41) all locate through slider (43) cunning on guide rail (42), it is a plurality of convex lens (40) or concave lens (41) have the same diameter and different focal lengths, convex lens (40) set up on incident light path, concave lens (41) set up on emergent light path.
2. A rainbow presentation and measurement and control device according to claim 1, wherein the rainbow presentation and measurement and control device further comprises a stage (50) for placing the transparent water vat (20), the measuring instrument is a spectrometer (80), the stage (50) is circular, the spectrometer (80) is connected to the stage (50) through a handle (90), an eyepiece lens barrel of the spectrometer (80) can rotate around the center of the stage (50), and the extension of the outgoing light emitted from the transparent water vat (20) intersects directly above the circular shape of the stage (50).
3. A rainbow-appearing and measuring-controlling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said light-reflecting member is an aluminum mirror (60), and the reflecting surface of said aluminum mirror (60) faces the middle of said transparent water tank (20) and is used for reflecting the refracted light entering into said transparent water tank (20).
4. A rainbow-appearing and measuring-controlling device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said aluminum mirror (60) is a plane mirror or a concave mirror.
5. A rainbow presenting, measuring and controlling device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a base (81) disposed under the objective table (50), wherein the bottom of the base (81) is mounted with universal wheels for walking.
6. A rainbow-appearing and measuring-controlling device according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the transparent water jar (20) is made of acrylic glass.
7. A rainbow appearing and measuring and controlling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein two rows of light-shielding paper (70) are adhered to the inner wall of the cylinder body on the side of the transparent water tank (20) close to the light source (10) along the height direction, and a space for the light emitted by the light source (10) to enter is formed between the two rows of light-shielding paper (70).
8. A rainbow presentation and control device according to any of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the inside wall of said transparent water vat (20) is engraved with water lines.
9. A rainbow-appearing and measuring-controlling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said sodium chloride solution has a gradient concentration ranging from 0 to 25%.
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| CN114299801B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-09-02 | 浙江大学 | Coaxial collimation light path neon characteristic measuring system and measuring method |
| CN114995014B (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-06-07 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Rainbow and neon deflection angle measuring device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS6026084U (en) * | 1983-07-29 | 1985-02-22 | 日本応用光学株式会社 | rainbow projection device |
| JPH0760611B2 (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1995-06-28 | 昌 荒井 | Rainbow projection device |
| CN2293873Y (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-10-07 | 福建师范大学 | Experiment device for middle school physics, geometry and optics |
| CN203490886U (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2014-03-19 | 王紫睿 | Homemade rainbow experimental device |
| CN203588546U (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-05-07 | 天津得瑞丰凯新材料科技有限公司 | Color rainbow principle demonstrating apparatus |
| CN203703720U (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-07-09 | 魏亚军 | Small rainbow night lamp |
| CN211719138U (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2020-10-20 | 北京师范大学 | Artificial rainbow device |
| CN210836765U (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-06-23 | 张忠昊 | Light dispersion demonstration device |
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