CN113812919B - Macula lutea testing device and method based on polarization perception space-time sensitivity - Google Patents
Macula lutea testing device and method based on polarization perception space-time sensitivity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A macula lutea testing device and a testing method based on polarization perception space-time sensitivity belong to the technical field of human eye medical polarization detection, and in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, a uniform area light source and a polarization modulation layer of the device are connected with a computer; the light emitted by the uniform surface light source passes through a narrow-band filter and is modulated into a blue light wave band sensitive to human eyes, and the light passes through a linear polarizing plate and is modulated into uniform linear polarized light; then, the light enters a polarization modulation layer, and the light is modulated to generate a uniform linearly polarized light field, a non-uniform polarized light field, a radial polarized light field and an angular polarized light field with controllable space-time characteristics; the computer controls the polarization modulation layer to modulate the incident blue linear polarized light, simultaneously excites the human eye space sensitivity effect and the time sensitivity effect, controls the space distribution, the shape and the time period of the polarized light field, and enables the uniform blue linear polarized light to become a polarized image required by the human eye polarization perception test after being modulated by the liquid crystal polarization modulation layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the space-time sensitivity of human eyes to the polarized light perception effect, which can enhance the space-time perception effect of human eyes to the polarized light perception, can be used for optical detection, diagnosis and evaluation of human eye maculopathy, and belongs to the technical field of human eye medical polarization detection.
Background
The perceived effect of the human eye on polarized light is related to the radial distribution structure of macular degeneration in the macula, which is an inward looking phenomenon that occurs when the macula absorbs polarized light that enters the human eye. Since this is a special perceived effect of the macula modulating polarized light observed by the human eye, when the macula structure is destroyed or altered, the polarization perceived image is lost or changed. The polarization-perceived image perceived by the human eye can be used to characterize changes in the macular structure. Since the generation of polarization-aware images is directly related to the radially symmetric structure of the macula in the human eye, the main medical use is the diagnosis of macula lesions of the human eye, including degeneration, thinning, etc. of macula tissue of the human eye due to aging degeneration, trauma, infection or inflammation. These maculopathy can disrupt the macula and retinal structures, causing the eye's visual function to decrease, resulting in a change or disappearance of the polarization-aware image. Therefore, the association and sensitivity of the human eye polarization perception image to the damage or deformity of the macula structure are utilized to diagnose and detect the diseases, and the effects of optical detection, diagnosis and evaluation of the human eye macula lesions are improved. And has important significance for detecting, evaluating and treating senile macular degeneration, macular lesion, macular edema and other lesions.
However, since human eyes perceive polarized light as a subjective perception effect, problems such as psychological factors and individual differences may cause poor contrast of polarized perceived images, and there is difficulty in actual detection. Meanwhile, the existing polarization sensing graphic detection instrument at home and abroad is in a research and development stage, is complex in structure and high in price, is not easy to popularize and use in daily life of people, and limits the application of polarization sensing images in the detection of macula lutea of human eyes. And at present, no detection technology and device for effectively detecting the macular disease by using the polarized image of the human eye exist at home.
In the development of foreign researches, a testing device and a testing method of polarization-aware images are disclosed in "Haidinger's brushes elicited at varying degrees of polarization rapidly and easily assesses total macular pigmentation" of Journal of the Optical Society of America A by sample, S.E. and the like, as shown in fig. 1, the device uses a rotary wheel disc to replace a polarizing plate in front of a light source, so that light generated by an LED light source 1 is modulated by a series of specially-customized polarizing filters 3 on a rotatable turntable 2, the turntable 2 and the polarizing plate 3 are driven to rotate by a stepping motor 4 to generate different linear polarized lights, and the polarized lights are transmitted to eyes of a tested object by a series of diaphragms 5 in a lens barrel. When the human eye views the device, a rotated hourglass-like polarization-aware image 6 is produced at the macula and then perceived by the retina. The device changes the polarization state of polarized light by rotating the wheel disc, thereby changing the light and shade distribution of the image 6, and improving the perception effect of human eyes on the polarized light by utilizing the light and shade variation difference of the image 6.
The device has the defects that the polarized light image 6 with a single polarization state can only be used for stimulating human eyes to perceive each time, the polarized light image is single, the device does not have a space frequency sensitivity effect, the physiological characteristics of the human eyes are not fully utilized, the contrast problem of the polarized perceived image of the human eyes can not be fully solved, and therefore, the device can not fully and effectively promote the human eyes to perceive the polarized light. Meanwhile, the device has high requirements on the manufacturing process, the used polarizing filter and the rotating device need to be specially designed and processed, the structure is complex, the cost is high, and the control of the system on the polarized image is difficult due to the pure mechanical movement mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a macula lutea testing device and a macula lutea testing method based on polarization perception time-space sensitivity, which are used for solving the problem of poor contrast of a polarization perception image in a human eye, comprehensively improving the perception effect of the human eye on polarized light, realizing continuous perception and testing of the polarized image by the human eye, and simplifying the structure of a testing device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the yellow spot testing device based on polarization perception space-time sensitivity is characterized by comprising a uniform surface light source, a blue light narrow-band filter, a linear polaroid, a polarization modulation layer and a computer which are coaxially arranged in sequence; the uniform area light source and the polarization modulation layer are connected with a computer; the light emitted by the uniform surface light source passes through a blue light narrow-band filter and is modulated into a blue light wave band sensitive to human eyes, and the blue light passes through a linear polarizing plate and is modulated into uniform linear polarized light by the linear polarizing plate; then, the light enters a polarization modulation layer, and the polarization state, the spatial distribution and the time period of the light are modulated by the liquid crystal modulation layer, so that a uniform linear polarized light field, a non-uniform polarized light field, a radial polarized light field and an angular polarized light field with controllable space-time characteristics are generated; the computer controls the polarization modulation layer to modulate the incident blue linear polarized light, simultaneously excites the human eye space sensitivity effect and the time sensitivity effect, controls the space distribution, the shape and the time period of the polarized light field, and enables the uniform blue linear polarized light to become a polarized image required by human eye polarization perception test after being modulated by the liquid crystal polarization modulation layer.
The polarization modulation layer comprises a liquid crystal layer structure with one or more layers of polarization state modulation, each liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal layer structure can be controlled independently, and the polarization modulation layer modulates the uniform linear polarized light in polarization state, spatial distribution and time period to generate a space-time polarized light field required for human eye observation.
The polarization state, spatial distribution and time period of the space-time polarized light field are controllable, and the space-time polarized light field is not limited to uniform linear polarized light field, non-uniform polarized light field, radial polarized light field and angular polarized light field.
The narrow-band filter is a blue filter with the center wavelength of 460 nm.
A method for testing the macula lutea of polarization-aware spatiotemporal sensitivity, the method comprising the steps of:
The formula of the average stimulation degree calculation basis of the space-time polarized image in the step 1 is as follows:
in the formula (1), A is the stimulation degree of space-time polarized images to human eyes, u and v are two-dimensional Fourier transform frequencies of the polarized images, M and N represent the number of cells in retina for sensing the polarized images in horizontal and vertical directions, and θ is the azimuth angle of sampling points of the polarized images; x and y are sampling point position coordinates, and r is the eccentricity of the sampling point position on the macula lutea; CSF is a spatiotemporal sensitivity function of human eyes, ρ is spatial frequency information of a polarized image, and w is time period information of the polarized image.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the device has simple structure, only comprises a plurality of parts, is convenient to integrate, and has the characteristics of small volume, low price, convenient carrying, simple use and the like. The structure of the macula lutea test of the polarization perception space-time sensitivity is simple, and the control is easy; from the imaging mode, the staring imaging mode enables the self-observation of the macula lutea of human eyes to be easily realized, and the testing method is simple and convenient.
Based on the macula lutea testing device, the invention provides a macula lutea lesion detection method, which is optimized in terms of human eye perception effect, and simultaneously utilizes the space sensitivity, time sensitivity and polarization state change of a polarized image to excite the polarization perception of human eyes, so that the perception degree of the human eyes on the polarized image is further enhanced, the effect of the polarized perception image in the aspects of qualitative analysis of macula lutea lesions and diagnosis of macula lutea diseases is improved, and the invention is beneficial to helping people at risk of macula lutea diseases to find and treat macula lutea lesions.
The macula lutea test device may include a uniform surface light source configured to emit light having substantially uniform brightness and color; the 460nm blue light narrow-band filter converts the light emitted by the uniform area light source into a blue light wave band sensitive to human eyes; the linear polaroid has the effect of modulating the light emitted by the uniform surface light source into uniform linear polarized light; the polarization modulation layer is arranged to enable the uniform linearly polarized light to exit through the polarization modulation layer and modulate the uniform linearly polarized light into polarized light fields required by a macula lutea test. After the uniform area light source, the blue light narrow-band filter, the polaroid and the polarization modulation layer are integrated, the macula lutea testing device can be free of an external light source, the size of the device is reduced, and the compatibility of other eye testing systems is improved. With the ability to precisely control the emitted polarized light, the use and testing is more flexible and easy.
The liquid crystal polarization modulation layer may be modulated into a plurality of regions, and the polarization mode of each region may be separately modulated. Multiple polarized regions with different polarization states can be generated simultaneously, and the regions can be spatially distributed and changed according to requirements to generate polarized images with different polarization modes and spatial distributions, and the polarized images can be formed on the spatial distributions, including but not limited to square (i.e. chessboard), grid, circular ring and the like. Including, but not limited to, uniformly polarized light fields, non-uniformly polarized light fields, radially polarized light fields, and angularly polarized light fields in polarization. The spatially distributed images can enable obvious boundaries caused by different image polarization states to appear in the field of view of the tested person, the time period of the polarized images is controllable, and the space and time sensitivity effects of human eyes are excited at the same time, so that the polarization perception effect of the human eyes is enhanced. When a subject observes polarized images, either intentional or unintentional eye movement, the polarization sensitive region of the macula is exposed to the polarized light field. Offset the displacement influence of eyes on the polarization image sensing effect during focusing.
The macula test device further comprises one or more 460nm blue narrowband filters. A blue narrow band filter is used to produce very narrow blue band light. When blue filters are present, the color and color temperature response of the light source does not need to be carefully controlled. Thus, a lower priced light source may be used, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing cost of the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art macula detection system and method.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a macular test device based on polarization-aware spatiotemporal sensitivity according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present method for testing macula lutea based on polarization perception spatiotemporal sensitivity.
Fig. 4 is a graph of a human eye comparing perceived linear polarized perceived images as observed with a uniform linear polarized light field.
Fig. 5 perception scoring criteria for a human eye polarization perceived image.
Fig. 6 is a contrast plot of a polarized perceived image of a checkerboard or grid shape when viewed by the human eye.
Fig. 7 is a contrast plot of the observed polarization-aware image for the human eye when observing a radially or angularly polarized light field.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the macula lutea testing device based on polarization perception space-time sensitivity comprises a uniform surface light source 7, a blue light narrow-band filter 8, a linear polaroid 9, a polarization modulation layer 10, a protective shell 11 and a computer 12 which are coaxially arranged in sequence; the uniform area light source 7 and the polarization modulation layer 8 are connected with a computer 12; the light emitted from the uniform surface light source 7 passes through a blue light narrow-band filter 8 and is modulated into a blue light wave band sensitive to human eyes. After passing through the linear polarizer 9, the blue light is modulated into uniform linear polarized light by the polarizer 9, and meanwhile, depolarization effect caused by the narrow-band filter 8 is eliminated. The uniformly linearly polarized light is then incident on the liquid crystal polarization modulation layer 10, and its polarization state, spatial distribution and time period are modulated by liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal modulation layer, resulting in a spatially and temporally controllable light field comprising uniformly linearly polarized light, non-uniformly polarized light, radially polarized light and angularly polarized light. In which the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules of the polarization modulation layer 10 is required to coincide with the optical axis of the polarizer 9, for example 45 deg. in the present device. All the optical devices are centered coaxially and integrated in the protective housing 11. The computer 12 controls the liquid crystal polarization modulation layer 10 to correspondingly modulate the incident blue linear polarized light, simultaneously excite the human eye space sensitivity effect and the time sensitivity effect, control the space distribution, the polarization state and the time period of the polarized light field, and change the uniform blue linear polarized light into a polarized image required by the human eye polarization perception test after being modulated by the liquid crystal polarization modulation layer, and emit from the front screen of the macula lutea test shell 11. Finally, the macula lutea test device is formed.
The test device is placed at the apparent distance of the human eye 13 to be tested, so that the tested person can observe. When the human eye 13 views the polarized image emitted by the macula test, the excitation of the human eye polarized image and the retina perception can be realized at the macula 14 position. The computer 12 controls the brightness of the light source 7, the polarization mode, the spatial distribution and the time period of the polarization modulation layer 10, generates different polarized images in real time according to individual differences of observers, and performs a perceived contrast test on the observers so that the observers feel the perceived contrast to evaluate and score. Then comparing the sensitivity parameters of the macular density, spectrum, time and space distribution of the human eyes, the computer 12 calculates the stimulation degree of the generated polarized image to the human eyes, and reversely detects and diagnoses the macular disease by combining the actual perception evaluation and scoring of a contrast observer to finish the detection of the macular lesion.
The polarization modulation layer 10 is a polarization modulation layer based on a liquid crystal modulation structure. The modulation layer comprises a liquid crystal layer structure with one or more layers of polarization state modulation, each liquid crystal molecule in the structure can be controlled independently, the liquid crystal molecule is arranged on the linear polarized light transmission surface, the uniform polarized light is subjected to polarization modulation when passing through the polarization modulation layer, the polarization state and the spatial distribution of the uniform polarized light can be modulated, a space-time polarized light field required for human eye observation is generated, and the polarization distribution, the state and the time period of the polarized light field can be controlled and comprise and are not limited to uniform linear polarized light fields, non-uniform polarized light fields, radial polarized light fields and angular polarized light fields.
Example parameters of the macula lutea test device based on polarization perception spatiotemporal sensitivity of the present invention include: working distance is 25cm-30cm; spectrum: 440-480nm; resolution >800x600; polarization degree >90%; ellipsometry <5 °.
The invention relates to a yellow spot testing method of polarization perception space-time sensitivity, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 3:
And 3, controlling the liquid crystal polarization modulation layer 10 by the computer 12, and simultaneously carrying out spatial distribution and polarization state modulation on the incident blue linearly polarized light. A non-uniform blue polarized light field with orthogonal polarization states and controllable spatial distribution is generated, as shown in fig. 6 (a 1-d 1), and a checkerboard or grid-shaped polarization perception image is observed by human eyes when the macula lutea test device is observed, as shown in fig. 6 (a 2-d 2). The images with the space period can stimulate the space frequency sensitivity of human eyes, and the perception effect of the polarized images is improved, so that the influence of the perception difference on the step B is reduced. The computer 12 controls the polarizing layer 10 to orthogonally transform the polarization states of the polarized image as shown in fig. 6 (a 1-b 1) and 6 (c 1-d 1), resulting in checkerboard or grid-shaped polarized images that vary in brightness over time periods as shown in fig. 6 (a 2-b 2) and 6 (c 2-d 2). The space-time sensitivity of the testers is excited by using the checkerboard or grid-shaped polarized image with the periodical light and shade changes, so that the testers score and judge the perceived contrast scoring standard of the observed image, as shown in fig. 5. Thereby quantifying the perception degree of the tested person on the non-uniform polarized light field.
And 4, performing the test of the step 4 in the case that the images observed in the step 2 and the step 3 are in missing state. Using a computer to control the liquid crystal modulation layer, a radially polarized light field is generated as shown in fig. 7 (a 1), an angularly polarized light field is shown in fig. 7 (b 1), and a radially and angularly combined rotated polarized light field is shown in fig. 7 (c 1-d 1), and the visual focus of the observer is observed at the center of the macula test screen. When the macular testing device generates a radially polarized light field, the human eye perceives a fully bright polarized image, as shown in fig. 7 (a 2). If the observer observes a dark image, the dark portion is the maculopathy site. When the macula test device generates an angularly polarized light field, the human eye perceives a circularly distributed dark polarized image, as shown at 7 (b 2). If the observer observes a bright spot image, the bright spot portion is a maculopathy site. When the macula lutea test device generates a radial and angular combined rotating polarized light field, a rotating dark sector image appears in the observer's field of view, as shown in fig. 7 (c 2-d 2), the size of the sector is observed by the human eye through the area relationship of the radial and angular polarized light fields generated by the computer 12 control device, and when the human eye observes that the rotating sector image changes or disappears at a certain place, the macula lutea appears.
And 5, the computer 12 performs diagnosis on the macula lutea according to the average stimulus degree of the space-time polarized image obtained in the step 1 to the human eyes and the actual space-time polarized image perception contrast scoring of the observers in the step 2-4, and if the perception degree of the testee is larger than or equal to the calculated average stimulus degree result of the computer, the macula lutea health of the testee is proved. If the perception degree of the testee is smaller than the average stimulation degree calculated by a computer, the fact that the macula of the testee has aging or lesions is proved. If the tested person observes the image missing or can not observe the image, the yellow spot of the tested person is proved to have lesions, and finally diagnosis is finished.
The formula according to which the average stimulation degree of the space-time polarized image in the step 1 is calculated is as follows:
in the formula (2), A is the stimulation degree of the space-time polarized image to human eyes, u and v are the two-dimensional Fourier transformation frequencies of the polarized image, M and N represent the number of cells in retina for sensing the polarized image in the horizontal and vertical directions, and θ is the azimuth angle of the sampling point of the polarized image. x and y are sampling point location coordinates and r is the eccentricity of the sampling point location on the macula. CSF is a spatiotemporal sensitivity function of human eyes, ρ is spatial frequency information of a polarized image, and w is time period information of the polarized image.
Claims (2)
1. A method for testing the macula lutea of polarization-aware spatiotemporal sensitivity, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, a uniform area light source (7), a narrow-band optical filter (8), a linear polaroid (9) and a polarization modulation layer (10) are sequentially and coaxially attached together, and a computer (12) is respectively connected with the uniform area light source (7) and the polarization modulation layer (10) to form a macula lutea testing device; the polarization modulation layer (10) is subjected to polarization, spatial distribution and time period control by the computer (12), so that uniform blue linearly polarized light is changed into a polarized image which is required by human eye polarization perception test and accords with human eye spatial sensitivity and time sensitivity characteristics after passing through the polarization modulation layer (10); and calculating the average stimulus level of the generated polarized image to the human eye by using the computer (12) and taking the macular density, time and space distribution sensitivity of the human eye as parameters; then placing the macula lutea testing device on the visible distance of the human eyes for observation;
step 2, a computer controls a liquid crystal polarization modulation layer to generate a blue polarized light field with uniform polarization states and space distribution, an hourglass-shaped polarization perception image is observed by human eyes during testing, the computer (12) controls the polarization modulation layer (10) to perform orthogonal transformation on the polarization states of the polarization images to generate polarized images with opposite light and shade in time periods, the time-space sensitivity of a tester is excited by the polarized images with opposite light and shade in time periods and the hourglass-shaped changes, and the tester scores and judges the perceived contrast scoring standard of the observed images, so that the perception degree of the tested person on the hourglass-shaped polarization perception image is quantized;
step 3, controlling the polarization modulation layer (10) through the computer (12), and simultaneously carrying out spatial distribution and polarization state modulation on the incident blue linearly polarized light; generating a heterogeneous blue polarized light field with orthogonal polarization states and controllable spatial distribution, wherein when a human eye observes the macula lutea testing device, a checkerboard or grid-shaped polarized perceived image is observed; the computer (12) controls the polarization modulation layer (10), carries out orthogonal transformation on the polarization state of the polarized image, generates a checkerboard or grid-shaped polarized image with light and shade change along with the time period, and utilizes the checkerboard or grid-shaped polarized image with light and shade change along with the time period to excite the space-time sensitivity of a tester, so that the tester can score and judge the perceived contrast scoring standard of the observed image, thereby quantifying the perception degree of the tested person on the non-uniform polarized light field;
step 4, carrying out the test of step 4 under the condition that the images observed in the step 2 and the step 3 are missing, controlling a liquid crystal modulation layer by using a computer, generating a radial polarized light field, an angular polarized light field and a radial and angular combined rotating polarized light field, and observing the visual focus of an observer at the center of a device screen; when the macula test device generates a radial polarized light field, a human eye perceives a full bright polarized image, and if an observer observes a dark image, the dark part is a macula lesion part; when the device generates an angular polarized light field, a dark polarized image distributed circularly is perceived by human eyes, and if an observer observes a bright spot image, the bright spot part is a maculopathy part; when the yellow spot testing device generates a radial and angular combined rotating polarized light field, a rotating dark sector image appears in the visual field of an observer, the size of a sector observed by human eyes is controlled through the area relation of the radial and angular polarized light field generated by the computer (12) control device, and when the human eyes observe that the rotating sector image changes or disappears at a certain position, lesions appear at the part of the yellow spot;
step 5, the computer (12) performs diagnosis on the macula lutea according to the average stimulation degree of the space-time polarized image obtained in the step 1 to the human eyes and by combining the actual space-time polarized image perception contrast scoring of the observers in the step 2-4, and if the perception degree of the testee is larger than or equal to the calculated average stimulation degree result of the computer, the macula lutea health of the testee is proved; if the perception degree of the testee is smaller than the average stimulation degree calculated by the computer, proving that the macula of the testee has aging or lesions; if the tested person observes the image missing or can not observe the image, the yellow spot of the tested person is proved to have lesions, and finally diagnosis is finished.
2. The method for testing the macula lutea of polarization-aware spatiotemporal sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the formula according to which the average stimulus level of the spatiotemporal polarized image in step 1 is calculated is:
in the formula (1), A is the stimulation degree of space-time polarized images to human eyes, u and v are two-dimensional Fourier transform frequencies of the polarized images, M and N represent the number of cells in retina for sensing the polarized images in horizontal and vertical directions, and θ is the azimuth angle of sampling points of the polarized images; x and y are sampling point position coordinates, and r is the eccentricity of the sampling point position on the macula lutea; CSF is a spatiotemporal sensitivity function of human eyes, ρ is spatial frequency information of a polarized image, and w is time period information of the polarized image.
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