CN113812527A - Compound plant extract additive for improving animal drinking water quality - Google Patents
Compound plant extract additive for improving animal drinking water quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN113812527A CN113812527A CN202111088618.4A CN202111088618A CN113812527A CN 113812527 A CN113812527 A CN 113812527A CN 202111088618 A CN202111088618 A CN 202111088618A CN 113812527 A CN113812527 A CN 113812527A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound plant extract additive for improving the water quality of animal drinking water, which consists of a plant essential oil compound, benzoic acid, caprylic capric acid ester and a proper amount of emulsifier. Experiments show that the compound plant extract additive can effectively improve the drinking water quality of animals, improve the growth performance of the animals, promote the animals to eat and reduce the probability of the animals suffering from bacterial diseases. The compound plant extract additive disclosed by the invention is green, safe and environment-friendly, meets the development requirements of the livestock breeding industry at present, can be used as a drinking water additive to be added into animal drinking water to improve the water quality and promote the healthy and rapid development of the livestock breeding industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of drinking water additives, and particularly relates to a plant extract additive for improving the quality of drinking water in animal production.
Background
It is known that water is a source of life, and water is an essential substance for all life activities such as animals and plants, and is not an energy source, but has an extremely important role in animal nutrition. Water is also one of the constituents of feed and livestock and poultry, and is the most basic medium for physiological and biochemical processes in animal bodies and also an indispensable constituent of animal bodies. Water is very important for livestock and poultry, the water intake of most livestock and poultry is far greater than that of three nutrients, 50-66% of adult livestock and poultry components are composed of water, and the water content of newborn livestock and poultry components is as high as 80%. In daily feeding management, reasonable water supply of livestock and poultry is not neglected, and is directly related to normal life activities and production conditions of the livestock and poultry, egg production is reduced when laying hens are lack of water, growth is slow when pigs are lack of water, and milk production is reduced when cows are lack of water. However, in the production practice, farmers often only pay attention to the feed and ignore the drinking water. In fact, the quality of water directly affects the water intake, feed consumption, health and production levels of livestock and poultry, and indirectly harms human health. Therefore, the sanitary quality of drinking water is ensured, and the method is an important link in livestock and poultry raising and management work. Water sources in farms may contain a wide variety of harmful chemicals and microorganisms, and the quality of the water source sometimes does not meet the standards for drinking water, which not only adversely affects the health and productivity of livestock and poultry, but also affects the palatability of the drinking water.
The plant extract is a compound with biological activity separated and extracted from natural plant materials by physical, chemical, biological and other methods. At present, the plant extract has many application researches in feed additives, and the product is a safe, green, drug-free and low-residue 'substitute antibiotic' product because the plant extract has the advantages of resisting oxidation, resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, improving digestive physiology, promoting growth, enhancing immunity, regulating intestinal microorganisms, improving meat quality and the like. The plant essential oil is aromatic oily liquid in plant extracts, the main components of the plant essential oil playing a biological role comprise a mixture of terpenes and a plurality of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds with low molecular weight, and the plant essential oil can remove free radicals and play an anti-oxidation function after being compounded and used, and also has the functions of regulating flora balance, killing pathogenic bacteria and the like. These functions of the composite plant essential oil provide a theoretical basis for the application of the composite plant essential oil in animal drinking water.
Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic weak organic acid with carboxyl directly connected with carbon atom of benzene ring, and is applied to feed breeding industry in recent years. The molecular form of the benzoic acid has stronger lipophilicity, and when the benzoic acid is contacted with microorganisms, on one hand, the benzoic acid can interfere the permeability of microbial cell membranes, change the membrane functions, inhibit the absorption of the cell membranes to amino acid, and cause the change of the thallus form to die; on the other hand, the benzoic acid molecules entering the cell body are easy to dissociate under the intracellular neutral environment, so that the cells are acidified, and the activity of the respiratory enzyme system of the cells can be inhibited, so that the metabolism disorder of the cell newcastle is caused. The antibacterial agent is more and more concerned by researchers due to the unique antibacterial effect.
Octanoic acid decanoate, namely C8-10MG, which is a medium carbon chain different from that of ordinary fats and oils. A large amount of test data shows that the C8-C10 fatty acid monoglyceride has certain antiseptic and bacteriostatic properties. It is widely believed that the fatty acid monoglyceride can, to some extent, uncouple the substrate transport and coupling of the oxidized phosphoric acid to the electron transport system and can partially inhibit the electron transport system itself, thereby inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms by inhibiting the absorption of amino acids, organic acids, phosphates, and the like by cells. It has better antiseptic and bacteriostatic effects than sorbic acid and its salts.
A large number of research results show that the plant essential oil compound, the benzoic acid and the caprylic decanoate can be added into the feed singly to inhibit bacteria and sterilize and improve the growth performance of animals, but the simultaneous use of the plant essential oil compound, the benzoic acid and the caprylic decanoate in the feed is rarely studied, not to mention that the plant essential oil compound, the benzoic acid and the caprylic decanoate are applied to animal drinking water together to improve the water quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound plant extract additive which is applied to animal drinking water and can improve the drinking water quality, promote the growth of animals and effectively reduce the incidence rate and death rate of animal diseases.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a compound plant extract additive is characterized by comprising 30-50 parts by mass of plant essential oil compound, 10-20 parts by mass of benzoic acid and 20-25 parts by mass of caprylic capric acid ester; 5-40 parts by mass of an emulsifier. The additive amount of the compound plant extract additive in animal drinking water is 100-200 ml/t, wherein the additive amount in pigs, cattle and sheep is 150-200 ml/t, the additive amount in meat poultry is 150-200 ml/t, and the additive amount in breeding poultry is 100-150 ml/t; the compound plant extract additive can be used as a water quality improver and applied to drinking water of weaned piglets, broilers and meat ducks without the problems of environmental pollution, drug residue and the like; the plant essential oil compound in the compound plant extract additive is a natural plant extract, is green, safe, non-toxic and residue-free, and has a synergistic effect in promoting the growth of weaned piglets, broiler chickens and meat ducks.
Preferably, the plant compound comprises 20 to 60 parts by mass of cinnamaldehyde, 5 to 35 parts by mass of thymol, and 5 to 35 parts by mass of carvacrol.
Preferably, the emulsifier is one or more of tween-60, tween-80, span-60, span-80, polyethylene glycol 400, propylene glycol, etc.
Experiments show that the plant essential oil compound, the benzoic acid and the caprylic decanoate have a synergistic effect, and the three components can achieve complementary antibacterial effects due to different action mechanisms of the three components, so that the action effect of the compound plant extract additive is superior to that of the plant essential oil compound and the single component of the benzoic acid or the caprylic decanoate. The plant essential oil compound is volatile, has rapid effect after entering the body, mainly plays an antibacterial effect on the forepart of the gastrointestinal tract and enhances the gastrointestinal movement; when the pH value is less than 4, the benzoic acid can exert good antibacterial property, can be basically and completely discharged out of the body after being taken in for 24 hours, cannot be accumulated in the body, and cannot influence the metabolic processes of other substances in the body; the caprylocaprate has the greatest advantages that the bacteriostasis is not influenced by the pH value, the effect of inhibiting gram bacteria, mold and yeast is obvious, in view of the unstable properties of easy oxidation, easy volatilization and the like of the plant essential oil, the water solubility of the plant essential oil is improved by adding a good emulsifier and a cosolvent when the plant essential oil is added into drinking water, and the water solubility of the plant essential oil compound can be improved by mixing the caprylocaprate with the plant essential oil compound, so that the using amount of the emulsifier and the cosolvent can be reduced. The compound plant extract additive can obviously improve the laying rate and average egg weight of laying hens, reduce the feed-egg ratio, the eggshell egg rate and the soft egg breaking rate, and reduce the total number of escherichia coli in drinking water. The additive is added into daily drinking water of weaned piglets, so that the total number of escherichia coli in the drinking water can be reduced, the feed intake and daily average weight gain are obviously improved, the feed conversion ratio is effectively reduced, and the growth performance of the weaned piglets is comprehensively improved.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
collecting 18 parts of water samples from breeding sites such as chicken farms, pig farms and the like, and detecting and counting the total number of escherichia coli in the water according to the requirements of NY 5027-2008 pollution-free food livestock and poultry drinking water quality. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 118 statistics of the total number of coliform bacteria in the daily drinking water of the farm
The total number of Escherichia coli was determined by adding the compounded plant extract additive to 18 samples and standing for 7 days, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 218 comparison of Total coliform bacteria in daily Drinking Water of farms after 7 days of addition of the compounded plant extract additive
As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of the compounded plant extract additive to drinking water effectively reduced the total number of Escherichia coli in the drinking water.
Example 2: influence of compound plant extract additive added in drinking water on growth performance and drinking water quality of yellow-feathered broilers
Test method
1800 Qingyuan No. 2 chickens of 1 day old are selected and divided into 4 groups, 6 columns of each group are repeated, and 75 chickens are repeated. The test period is 63 days.
Test feed
Feeding daily drinking water to the control group as a blank control group; the test group A is a plant essential oil compound group, and the addition amount is 200 ml/t; the test group B is a plant essential oil compound and benzoic acid group, and the addition amount is 200 ml/t; the test group C is a plant essential oil compound + benzoic acid + caprylic decanoate group, and the addition amount is 200 ml/t. The specific grouping is shown in table 1.
Table 1 test groups and use of plant extract additives formulated in daily drinking water
Feeding management
During the test period, the henhouse is kept ventilated and clean, cleaning and disinfection are carried out regularly, and the immunization program is carried out according to the conventional program of the henhouse. In the test process, the test barrels (containing the plant extract feed additive) which are drunk every day are ensured to be consistent in the test process by adopting the way of feeding in columns, free feeding and free drinking (the time for drinking the plant extract feed additive by the test group is about 6 hours). And (4) regularly inspecting every day, observing the feeding condition of the broiler chickens, weighing the weight of the eliminated chickens and settling the feed consumption if dead chickens or sick chickens are eliminated in the test process. And observing the health condition and the excrement condition of the broiler chicken, and making detailed records.
Test results
From the data in table 2, we can see that the difference in growth performance index between the groups at the early stage of the experiment is not significant; from the middle stage, the death and elutriation rate of the group C (plant essential oil compound + benzoic acid group) and the group D (plant essential oil compound + benzoic acid + caprylic decanoate group) is obviously lower than that of the group A (blank group) and the group B (plant essential oil compound group), and each growth performance is slightly superior; in the later period of the test, the difference of the death and culling rates of the group C (plant essential oil compound + benzoic acid group) and the group D (plant essential oil compound + benzoic acid + caprylic decanoate group) is more obvious, the growth performances of the groups are also obviously different, and the overall data are superior to those of the group A (blank group) and the group B (plant essential oil compound group); by combining the data of the whole process, the growth performance indexes of the group C (plant essential oil compound + benzoic acid group) and the group D (plant essential oil compound + benzoic acid + caprylic caprate group) are superior to those of the group A (blank group) and the group B (plant essential oil compound group), and the effect of the group D (plant essential oil compound + benzoic acid + caprylic caprate group) is more obvious.
TABLE 2 Effect of the compounded plant extract additive on the growth Performance of yellow-feathered broilers
From the data in table 3, we can see that after the compounded plant extract additive is added into drinking water of yellow-feathered broilers for one week, the number of escherichia coli in the drinking water can be obviously reduced, and the drinking water can be maintained at a certain level in the whole test period, so that the drinking water additive can effectively improve the drinking water quality of the yellow-feathered broilers.
TABLE 3 Effect of the compounded plant extract additives on the amount of E.coli in drinking water of yellow-feathered broilers (unit: MPN/100 ml)
| Number of days | Control group A | Test group B | Test group C | Test group D |
| 0 | 1.87 | 1.76 | 1.81 | 1.74 |
| 7 | 10.73 | 6.67 | 6.34 | 4.45 |
| 14 | 18.12 | 7.80 | 7.09 | 4.72 |
| 28 | 26.34 | 8.28 | 7.63 | 5.17 |
| 42 | 40.20 | 13.71 | 11.89 | 8.15 |
| 56 | 71.09 | 20.21 | 18.80 | 10.26 |
Example 3: influence of compound plant extract additive added in drinking water on growth performance and drinking water quality of Hailan brown laying hens
Test method
4000 helve brown laying hens which are good in health condition and similar in weight are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group is divided into 5 groups, and each group is divided into 200 chickens. The test period was 56 days.
Test feed
The control group is normally drunk, the test groups I, II and III are compounded plant extract additives, the addition amounts are 50 ml/t, 100 ml/t and 150 ml/t respectively, and the specific groups are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test grouping
| Group of | Treatment of |
| Control group | Daily drinking water |
| Test group I | Daily drinking water and 50 ml/t compound plant extract additive |
| Test group II | Daily drinking water and 100 ml/t compound plant extract additive |
| Test group III | Daily drinking water +150 ml/t compound plant extract additive |
Feeding management
The breeding environment is good, the breeding conditions of each group are consistent, and the density is moderate. Cage culture and an automatic feeding machine are adopted for feeding, the food is taken freely, the water is drunk freely (the time for drinking the compound plant extract feed additive by a test group is about 6 hours), and the test barrels (containing the compound plant extract feed additive) drunk every day are ensured to be consistent in the test process. And (5) performing conventional breeding management.
Test results
From the data in table 2, we can see that the laying rates of the test groups i, ii and iii were respectively increased by 4.21%, 5.49% and 8.18% compared to the control group; the average egg weight is respectively increased by 1.97%, 3.12% and 3.94%; the feed-egg ratio is respectively reduced by 6.02%, 7.63% and 10.84%; the eggshell egg rate is respectively reduced by 38.87%, 44.64% and 57.89%; the soft egg breaking rate is respectively reduced by 17.25%, 23.27% and 32.68%. In conclusion, the compound plant extract additive added into drinking water can obviously improve the production performance of the laying hens.
TABLE 2 Effect of the compounded plant extract additive on the performance of Hailan-Brown layer chicken
| Group of | Laying rate (%) | Average egg weight (g) | Material to egg ratio | Rate of eggs of sand shell (%) | Soft egg breaking rate (%) |
| Control group | 85.6 | 60.9 | 2.49 | 9.88 | 7.65 |
| Test group I | 89.2 | 62.1 | 2.34 | 6.04 | 6.33 |
| Test group II | 90.3 | 62.8 | 2.30 | 5.47 | 5.87 |
| Test group III | 92.6 | 63.3 | 2.22 | 4.16 | 5.15 |
From the data in table 3, we can see that the addition of the compounded plant extract additive to the haina brown laying hen drinking water can significantly reduce the number of escherichia coli in the drinking water, compared with the control group, and thus the drinking water additive can effectively improve the drinking water quality of the haina brown laying hen drinking water.
TABLE 3 Effect of the compounded plant extract additives on the amount of Escherichia coli in the Drinking Water of Hailan Brown laying hens (Unit: MPN/100 ml)
| Number of days | Control group | Test group I | Test group II | Test group III |
| 0 | 0.34 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.49 |
| 7 | 3.27 | 3.37 | 2.81 | 2.68 |
| 28 | 15.23 | 14.80 | 12.13 | 10.56 |
| 56 | 20.35 | 19.50 | 15.11 | 13.47 |
Example 4: influence of compound plant extract additive added in drinking water on growth performance and drinking water quality of weaned piglets
Test method
240 healthy weaned piglets (Du multiplied by length multiplied by big) with consistent weight (about 5.80 kg) are selected for the test, and the test is completely randomly grouped and designed into 3 treatment groups, wherein each group is provided with 4 repetitions, and each repetition is 20. The test period is 35 days.
Test feed
The control group had normal drinking water and was blank control group; the test groups 1 and 2 are compounded plant extract additive groups, the addition amounts are 100 ml/t and 200 ml/t respectively, and the specific addition amounts are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test grouping
| Group of | Treatment of |
| Control group | Daily drinking water |
| Test group 1 | Daily drinking water and 100 ml/t compound plant extract additive |
| Test group 2 | Daily drinking water +200 ml/t compound plant extract additive |
Feeding management
The breeding environment is good, the breeding conditions of all groups are consistent, the density is moderate, the sick piglets are treated and recorded in time during the test period, and the breeding and the immunity are carried out according to the conventional breeding management. Weighing piglets before the beginning and after the end of the test, recording the feeding amount of each circle, settling the residual feed and the lost feed of each circle every day to determine the production performance of the piglets, including Average Daily Gain (ADG), Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (F/G), observing the defecation condition of the piglets every day, and counting the diarrhea rate of each circle.
Test results
As can be seen from Table 2, the daily average food intake difference of each group is not significant (P is more than 0.05), but the test group is obviously higher than the control group, and compared with the control group, the daily average food intake of the test 1 group and the test 2 group is respectively improved by 4.3 percent and 3.7 percent; the daily average weight gain of the test 1 group is obviously higher than that of the control group (P is less than 0.05), slightly higher than that of the test 2 group, and compared with the control group, the daily average weight gain of the test 1 group and that of the test 2 group are respectively improved by 7.9 percent and 5.9 percent; the feed-meat ratio of each group is not obviously different from diarrhea (P is more than 0.05), but the test group is slightly better than the control group. The results show that the growth performance of the weaned piglets can be effectively improved by adding the compounded plant extract additive into drinking water.
TABLE 2 Effect of the compounded plant extract additive on the growth Performance of weaned piglets
| Group of | Control group | Test 1 group | Test 2 groups |
| Initial weight (kg) | 7.60±0.08 | 7.45±0.01 | 7.53±0.06 |
| End average weight (kg) | 20.73±0.45 | 21.62±0.34 | 21.33±0.19 |
| Daily average feed intake (g) | 562.71±24.50 | 587.04±12.15 | 583.80±27.86 |
| Daily average weight gain (g) | 375.14±19.54a | 404.86±12.60b | 397.14±15.21ab |
| Meat ratio of materials | 1.45±0.03 | 1.42±0.05 | 1.44±0.03 |
| The diarrhea rate% | 0.15±0.19 | 0.12±0.01 | 0.13±0.20 |
Claims (4)
1. A compound plant extract additive is characterized by comprising 30-50 parts by mass of plant essential oil compound, 10-20 parts by mass of benzoic acid and 20-25 parts by mass of caprylic capric acid ester; 5-40 parts by mass of an emulsifier.
2. The additive amount of the compound plant extract additive in animal drinking water is 100-200 ml/t, wherein the additive amount in pigs, cattle and sheep is 150-200 ml/t, the additive amount in meat poultry is 150-200 ml/t, and the additive amount in breeding poultry is 100-150 ml/t; the compound plant extract additive can be used as a water quality improver and applied to drinking water of weaned piglets, broilers and meat ducks without the problems of environmental pollution, medicine residue and the like; the plant essential oil compound in the compound plant extract additive is a natural plant extract, is green, safe, non-toxic and residue-free, and has a synergistic effect in promoting the growth of weaned piglets, broiler chickens and meat ducks.
3. The compound plant extract additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant compound comprises 20-60 parts by mass of cinnamaldehyde, 5-35 parts by mass of thymol, and 5-35 parts by mass of carvacrol.
4. The compound plant extract additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein said emulsifier is one or more of tween-60, tween-80, span-60, span-80, polyethylene glycol 400, propylene glycol, etc.
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Citations (4)
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2021
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| CN104543394A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-29 | 安佑生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Feeding drinking water additive containing plant essential oil and using method of feeding drinking water additive |
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