CN113809625B - Side pump combiner for high-power fiber laser system - Google Patents
Side pump combiner for high-power fiber laser system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113809625B CN113809625B CN202111369071.5A CN202111369071A CN113809625B CN 113809625 B CN113809625 B CN 113809625B CN 202111369071 A CN202111369071 A CN 202111369071A CN 113809625 B CN113809625 B CN 113809625B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094049—Guiding of the pump light
- H01S3/094053—Fibre coupled pump, e.g. delivering pump light using a fibre or a fibre bundle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
- H01S3/094019—Side pumped fibre, whereby pump light is coupled laterally into the fibre via an optical component like a prism, or a grating, or via V-groove coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the field of optical fiber devices, and provides a side pump beam combiner for a high-power optical fiber laser system, which comprises a signal optical fiber, wherein the signal optical fiber comprises a fiber core and a cladding. The beam combiner recovers the pump light which is not coupled into the cladding again, so that the coupling efficiency is improved, and the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged by heat accumulation; by tapering the signal fiber and then performing side coupling of the pump light, part of high-order modes are effectively filtered, the stress sensitivity brought by the high-order modes is reduced, and the beam quality is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber devices, and particularly relates to a side pump beam combiner for a high-power optical fiber laser system.
Background
The optical fiber combiner is one of core elements forming the optical fiber laser, and is used for coupling pump light and signal light into an active optical fiber so as to realize laser amplification; the signal combiner is used for laser beam combination to realize higher output power. The optical fiber combiner is mainly divided into two types, namely end face coupling and side face coupling. The end face coupling has high coupling efficiency by melting the end faces of the input optical fiber and the output optical fiber, and is a main method for manufacturing a high-power beam combiner, but the end face pumping also has the defects, on one hand, because the end face remelting is involved, extra loss is inevitably introduced; on the other hand, since the bundle size of the input fiber bundle is matched with that of the output fiber, in some cases (e.g., the sizes of the signal fiber, the pump fiber and the output fiber are 20/400, 200/220 and 20/400 respectively), the input fiber needs to be tapered, which causes the mode fields of the input signal fiber and the output fiber to be mismatched, and the beam quality is affected.
The side pumping technology is mainly realized by tapering a pumping optical fiber to a certain size, then fusing the tapered pumping optical fiber and a signal optical fiber at high temperature to couple the pumping light to an inner cladding of the signal optical fiber, and finally disconnecting the pumping optical fiber from a tapered region on one side. Compared with end face coupling, the side face coupling mode is simpler and more convenient in manufacturing process, a melting point does not exist on a signal transmission path, signal loss is smaller, better reverse isolation is achieved, a pumping source can be better protected from return light damage, and therefore the backward pumping system is more suitable for use. However, the remaining pump light not coupled into the signal fiber cladding will leak from the pump fiber section, causing heat accumulation, and therefore, the side pumping method is generally used for the fabrication of medium-low power beam combiner.
There are other reasons to prevent the side pump beam combiner from being applied to the high-power fiber laser system, and in order to avoid the adverse effects such as nonlinear effect and end surface damage, the high-power fiber laser usually adopts a large-mode-field active fiber as a gain medium, so that a large-mode-field passive fiber is needed to manufacture a passive device matched with the large-mode-field active fiber. For the side pumping scheme, the softened pumping fiber is bonded with the signal fiber at high temperature, external stress is inevitably introduced due to extrusion between the fibers, and a high-order mode in the large-mode-field fiber is sensitive to the stress, so that parameters such as optical field distribution, spot roundness and the like are easily disturbed, and spot deterioration usually occurs after a light beam passes through the side pump beam combiner.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a side-pumped beam combiner for a high power fiber laser system, which aims to solve the technical problems of the side-pumped beam combiner.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the side pump beam combiner for the high-power optical fiber laser system comprises a signal optical fiber, wherein the signal optical fiber comprises a fiber core and a cladding, the middle part of the signal optical fiber is tapered to form a tapered area, the tapered area comprises a straight area and tapered areas located at two ends of the straight area, the cladding part of the straight area is formed with a section of first cladding corrosion area, a plurality of pump optical fibers are bonded on the side wall end face of the first cladding corrosion area through refractive index matching bonding liquid, and the straight area is located on the front side of the first cladding corrosion area and is a roughened area.
Furthermore, a second cladding corrosion area is formed on a cladding of the signal optical fiber on the front side of the tapered area, and a monitoring optical fiber is attached to the second cladding corrosion area.
Further, the roughened region is formed by etching of the roughening paste.
Furthermore, the connecting end of the pump optical fiber and the first cladding corrosion area is a tapering flat part, the depth of the first cladding corrosion area is larger than the diameter of the tapering flat part of the pump optical fiber by 2-3 μm, and the side wall end face of the first cladding corrosion area is a vertical face.
Furthermore, the signal fiber is a double-clad large mode field fiber, and the pump fiber is a single-clad fiber.
Furthermore, the bottom surface of the second cladding corrosion area is 10 microns away from the surface of the fiber core.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the side pump beam combiner, the pump light which is not coupled into the cladding is recycled, so that the coupling efficiency is improved, and the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged by heat accumulation; by tapering the signal fiber and then performing side coupling of the pump light, part of high-order modes are effectively filtered, the stress sensitivity brought by the high-order modes is reduced, and the beam quality is optimized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a side pump combiner according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic application diagram of a side pump combiner according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
fig. 1 illustrates a structure of a side pump combiner for a high power fiber laser system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and only the portions related to the embodiment of the present invention are illustrated for convenience of description.
As shown in fig. 1, the side pump combiner for the high power fiber laser system provided in this embodiment includes a signal fiber 01, the signal fiber includes a fiber core 011 and a cladding 012, a tapered region is formed by tapering a middle portion of the signal fiber, the tapered region includes a flat region and tapered regions located at two ends of the flat region, in the illustration, the two tapered regions are labeled 013 and 014, a first cladding corrosion region 015 is formed on a cladding portion of the flat region, a plurality of pump fibers are bonded on a side wall end surface of the first cladding corrosion region 015 through a refractive index matching adhesive liquid 04, the illustration includes two pump fibers, a pump fiber above is labeled 02, a pump fiber below is labeled 03, and a roughened region 06 is located on a front side of the first cladding corrosion region in the flat region.
In the structure, the signal fiber is a double-cladding large-mode-field fiber, the diameter of a fiber core can be 20-100 microns, the diameter of a cladding is 250-800 microns, the refractive index of the fiber core is larger than that of the cladding, therefore, a fiber core-cladding waveguide structure is formed, signal light is transmitted in the fiber core, and pump light is transmitted in the cladding. The signal optical fiber tapering has the tapering district of two symmetries, satisfies adiabatic tapering condition to corrode the straight district of tapering, form first cladding corrosion zone, the depth of corrosion should not be too big, the pumping optical fiber is for the straight portion of tapering with the link in first cladding corrosion zone, the depth of corrosion in first cladding corrosion zone is greater than the pumping optical fiber and draws the straight portion diameter 2~3 mu m can. The surface of the etched optical fiber is required to be smooth, and the end face of the side wall of the etched region of the first cladding is a vertical surface.
The pump fibers shown in the figure are specifically single clad fibers, and fibers of specifications of 105/125, 135/155, 200/220, 220/242 and the like can be adopted, the pump fibers are symmetrically arranged around the signal fibers as centers, and the number of the pump fibers is not limited on the premise of meeting the law of conservation of brightness of a beam combiner. The law of conservation of brightness of the beam combiner is expressed as follows:
wherein N is the number of input fibers of the optical fiber combiner, RinAnd RoutRespectively representing the core diameters, NA, of the input and output endsinAnd NAoutRepresenting the numerical apertures of the input and output beams, respectively.
The pump optical fiber is also tapered, a tapered straight part is formed on the tapered straight part, and the disconnected end face of the tapered straight part is bonded to the end face of the side wall of the first corrosion area through the bonding liquid. The refractive index of the adhesive liquid is consistent with that of the signal optical fiber cladding, the adhesive liquid can be quickly cured under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, and the adhesive liquid is mainly used for bonding the end face of the tapered straight part of the pump optical fiber and the end face of the side wall of the cladding corroded by the signal optical fiber together and recycling the pump light which is not coupled into the signal optical fiber cladding.
The texturing area can be used for coating the optical fiber cladding by adopting texturing paste to destroy a smooth surface structure, so that cladding laser is filtered, and the texturing area is positioned in front of the first cladding corrosion area.
An example is specifically listed below:
a combiner with a design specification of (2 + 1) × 1, that is, including two pump fibers and one signal fiber, in this embodiment, the core-cladding ratio of the signal fiber is 30/400, and the core-cladding ratio of the pump fiber is 200/220, it should be particularly noted that, in this embodiment, the combiner is taken as an example with (2 + 1) × 1, but the number of pump fibers is not limited to 2, and may be 2, 4, 6, and so on.
According to the law of conservation of brightness, when a proper tapering angle and tapering length are selected, optical radiation can be transmitted in a medium without loss, namely, incident and emergent luminous fluxes are basically consistent:
Rin 2NAin 2=RoutNAout 2
wherein R isinAnd RoutRespectively representing the core diameters, NA, of the input and output endsinAnd NAoutRepresenting the numerical apertures of the input and output beams, respectively. That is, the optical numerical aperture NA of the beam increases with the decrease in the diameter of the optical fiber, but when it increases to a certain extent beyond the NA of the optical fiber itself, part of the laser light leaks to the cladding, resulting in loss. For the large mode field optical fiber, the large mode field optical fiber comprises a plurality of modes, and a high-order mode with a large NA is filtered out in a cone region by setting a proper tapering ratio, and meanwhile, the lossless transmission of a fundamental mode is ensured, so that the quality of a light beam is improved.
During preparation, a tapering machine is adopted to taper the signal optical fiber in an equal ratio, the tapering ratio is set to be 1.2, the length of the straight area is set to be 50mm, and after tapering, the size of the tapered straight area of the signal optical fiber is changed to 25/333. And texturing the flat area of the tapered signal optical fiber by using texturing paste at a position 5mm away from the starting point of the flat area, wherein the texturing length is 10 mm.
And after texturing is finished, etching the tapered optical fiber by adopting hydrofluoric acid at a position 10mm away from the end point of the texturing area, wherein the etching length is 20mm, and the etching depth is 30 mu m, so as to form a first cladding etching area. Then, the two pump fibers are respectively tapered, the tapering ratio is set to be 10, the length of the tapered straight part is set to be 15mm, and after tapering, the size of the tapered straight part of the pump fibers is changed to be 25/27.5.
The pump optical fiber after tapering is cut, the length of the straight portion of tapering is kept by 10mm, the cutting end face is pasted with the vertical end face of the first cladding corrosion area after being coated with the adhesive liquid with matched refractive index, the pump optical fiber is enabled to be close to the signal optical fiber as far as possible after the adhesive liquid is solidified, and meanwhile, the hydrogen-oxygen flame tapering machine is adopted to heat the attached pump optical fiber and the signal optical fiber in a region 5mm away from the end face bonding position, so that the two are thoroughly sintered.
Therefore, when the beam combiner is in a working state, when signal laser passes through the tapering region from the signal optical fiber, as the fiber core is gradually changed from 30 micrometers to 20 micrometers, a part of high-order mode is leaked to the cladding from the fiber core and is filtered in the texturing region, and the beam quality is preliminarily improved; meanwhile, because the modes in the fiber core of the signal fiber are reduced after tapering, the stress sensitivity of the light beam is reduced by performing side pump fiber bonding in the straight region, and the quality of the light beam is further improved.
The pump light is coupled into the signal optical fiber cladding from the tapered straight region of the pump optical fiber attached to the side surface, and the remaining pump light which is not completely coupled is re-coupled into the signal optical fiber cladding from the end surface of the pump optical fiber through the refractive index matching adhesive liquid, so that the pump coupling efficiency is improved, and heat accumulation caused by pump light leakage is avoided.
In addition, as a preferable structure, a second cladding corrosion region 016 is further formed on the cladding of the signal optical fiber positioned at the front side of the tapered region, and a monitoring optical fiber 07 is further attached to the second cladding corrosion region 016. The second cladding corrosion region is corroded to about 10 mu m away from the fiber core 011, the corrosion of the surface of the optical fiber is required to be smooth, and the corrosion interface is not required. The monitoring optical fiber is a single-clad optical fiber, such as an optical fiber with 10/130 specification, and can be used for monitoring return light, nonlinear effect and spatial light path adjustment indication signals of a system, and can also be used for monitoring photon darkening effect of a laser system.
Specifically, in this example, a local etching treatment was performed on the clad side 2cm before the start point of tapering of the signal fiber to form a second clad etched region as a monitoring fiber coupling window having a depth of 170 μm and a length of 20 mm.
Example two:
in this embodiment, an application scenario of the combiner is provided, as shown in fig. 2, where a (2 + 1) × 1 combiner 200 is used as a forward combiner for a fiber amplifier, and the output fiber size of the seed source 400 is 20/400, and the output fiber size is injected into the combiner after passing through a 20/400-30/400 mode field Matcher (MFA). The core-cladding ratio of the LD tail fiber of the amplification-level semiconductor laser is 200/220, the core-cladding ratio is consistent with the size of the pumping fiber of the beam combiner, and the pumping light is coupled into the cladding of the active fiber through the amplification beam combiner. The output end is welded with a cladding light stripper to filter cladding laser and improve the beam quality.The illustrated power meter 300 is used to measure the output power of the entire device. The use of the test system 100 is various: 1) a power meter is arranged behind the rear part, and the backward return light power can be monitored; 2) non-linear effects (mainly stimulated brillouin scattering) can be observed by using a spectrometer; 3) welding a visible light source to adjust the external path, e.g. M2Testing, beam analysis and the like, thereby bringing great convenience; 4) the aging degree of the high-power ytterbium-doped fiber laser under the influence of the photon darkening effect can be monitored by fusing the 633nm red light source tail fiber with the monitoring fiber of the monitoring system.
Compared with the beam combiner manufactured by a sleeve method or a torsion method, the beam combiner manufactured by the side pump coupling method has no melting point, does not introduce welding loss, improves the signal and pumping efficiency of the beam combiner, and reduces the risk of burning; in addition, the scheme of tapering the large mode field signal optical fiber and then performing side pump coupling is adopted, so that the diameter of the fiber core is effectively reduced while almost no loss is introduced, the fiber core support mode is reduced, the influence of mode disturbance caused by stress in the process of attaching and heating the side pump optical fiber is weakened, and the beam quality is improved; and finally, a monitoring arm is integrated on the beam combiner in a side coupling mode under the conditions of not occupying pumping point positions and increasing melting points, so that various monitoring functions can be realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A side pump beam combiner for a high-power optical fiber laser system comprises a signal optical fiber, wherein the signal optical fiber comprises a fiber core and a cladding, and is characterized in that the middle of the signal optical fiber is tapered to form a tapered region, the tapered region comprises a flat region and tapered regions positioned at two ends of the flat region, a section of first cladding corrosion region is formed on the cladding part of the flat region, a plurality of pump optical fibers are bonded on the side wall end face of the first cladding corrosion region through refractive index matching bonding liquid, and the flat region and the front side of the first cladding corrosion region are roughened regions; the pump optical fiber is flat portion of tapering with the link in first cladding corruption district, the degree of depth in first cladding corruption district is greater than the flat portion diameter 2~3 mu m of pump optical fiber tapering, the lateral wall terminal surface in first cladding corruption district is the perpendicular.
2. The side pump beam combiner for the high power fiber laser system according to claim 1, wherein a cladding of the signal fiber in front of the tapered region is further formed with a second cladding corrosion region, and the second cladding corrosion region is further provided with a monitoring fiber in an attaching manner.
3. The side pump combiner for a high power fiber laser system of claim 2, wherein the roughened region is formed by a roughening paste etch.
4. The side-pump combiner for a high power fiber laser system of claim 3, wherein the signal fiber is a double-clad large mode field fiber and the pump fiber is a single-clad fiber.
5. The side pump combiner for a high power fiber laser system of claim 3 wherein the second cladding eroded zone floor is 10 μm from the core surface.
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