CN113804641A - Laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method - Google Patents

Laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113804641A
CN113804641A CN202111092129.6A CN202111092129A CN113804641A CN 113804641 A CN113804641 A CN 113804641A CN 202111092129 A CN202111092129 A CN 202111092129A CN 113804641 A CN113804641 A CN 113804641A
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laser
carbon emission
main control
control board
atmospheric carbon
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袁松
刘津
王灿
李明星
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Anhui Zhongke Huayi Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Zhongke Huayi Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G01N21/3518Devices using gas filter correlation techniques; Devices using gas pressure modulation techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N2021/0106General arrangement of respective parts
    • G01N2021/0112Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G01N2021/3545Disposition for compensating effect of interfering gases

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method, which adopts a 2003nm waveband laser to measure CO2Measuring CH by using 1654nm laser4The invention applies the laser absorption spectrum technology to CO in the atmosphere2And CH4The concentration measuring method is researched, a laser atmospheric carbon emission test platform system is integrally constructed, and 24-hour real-time online monitoring on atmospheric carbon emission is realized. The basic theory research, system construction and related technical equipment research and development of carbon emission monitoring and treatment in China are enhanced, the gap between the carbon emission monitoring and treatment in China is narrowed, the atmospheric pollution control and treatment capacity in China is enhanced, the defects of current supervision modes and means are overcome, and the atmospheric carbon emission monitoring capacity is enhanced.

Description

Laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric detection, in particular to a laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method.
Background
The main causes of global warming are the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increasing at a very rapid rate due to the excessive use of energy and the excessive development of natural resources in the human development process. Wherein carbon dioxide, methane and the like are main greenhouse gases. Whether carbon emissions are controlled, pushed to peak as early as possible, or carbon compensated, carbon emissions monitoring systems are required.
The establishment of the carbon emission detection target provides a brand new development direction for scientific and technological innovation, particularly for the overall technical layout and the technical development direction. Carbon emission monitoring systems are more complex than environmental monitoring. At present, the carbon emission monitoring means at home and abroad is still imperfect, so that a laser atmosphere-based carbon emission detection method needs to be developed to meet the requirements of different detection scenes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a carbon emission detection method based on laser atmosphere.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting carbon emission based on laser atmosphere adopts a 2003nm waveband laser to measure CO2Measuring CH by using 1654nm laser4Two ways modulation signal output are produced through master control module timesharing and are given laser instrument drive module, and two lasers of laser instrument drive module drive send laser, and two bundles of laser adopt optic fibre to close the beam ware and close and restraint, and the laser that closes after passes through the multiple reflection absorption cell of fixed length, the absorption cell in install the aspirator pump, use built-in aspirator pump to replace the air in the absorption cell in real time, the afterbody of absorption cell install the detector, laser is surveyed by the detector after wearing out the absorption cell, the detector converts light signal into the signal of telecommunication to give master control module with signal of telecommunication sending, master control module calculates CO in the atmosphere in real time2And CH4The fluctuation of the concentration.
The main control module comprises a main control board, the main control board generates two paths of modulation signals in a time-sharing manner and outputs the two paths of modulation signals to the laser driving module, and the modulation signals are modulated by adopting a sawtooth waveform, wherein the frequency of the sawtooth waveform is 1 KHz; the main control board synchronously generates a trigger signal in a switching channel by time-sharing scanning, and the trigger signal is used for triggering an external ADC to acquire a detector signal of the channel; the main control module also comprises a phase-locked amplifying circuit used for demodulating signals of the detector, and the main control board is also in data exchange with the upper computer.
The measurement CH4Laser and measuring CO2The laser emits light in a time-sharing scanning mode, namely the main control board acquires CH4After channel data, the measurement CH is closed4Laser of (2), turn on to measure CO2When the main control board is processing CH4During channel data, ADC is collecting CO2Channel data, to the main control board processing CH4After channel data, turn off measuring CO2Laser of (2), turn on measure CH4The main control board starts to acquire and process CO2Channel data, ADC starts to collect CH4Channel data until the main control board finishes processing CO2After channel data, the measurement CH is closed4Laser of (2), turn on to measure CO2The master control board starts to acquire and process CH4Channel data, and so on.
The laser driving module comprises a laser TEC drive and a laser LD drive, the laser TEC drive adopts a high-precision temperature control driving chip, the voltage generated by a thermistor of the laser is amplified by an instrument amplifier and then is compared with a set target voltage by a differential operational amplifier to generate a deviation voltage, a PID compensation network compensates the phase of the laser according to the value of the deviation voltage, and meanwhile, the refrigeration and heating of the TCE are controlled by the output current of an H bridge, so that the temperature of the laser is controlled; the laser LD drive is a transverse current drive circuit consisting of an operational amplifier and an N-MOS, and the scanning current of the transverse current drive circuit is 50mA-120 mA.
The two lasers are butterfly lasers, the laser with the center wavelength of 1654nm is an NEL butterfly laser, and the laser with the center wavelength of 2003nm is an eblana butterfly laser.
The optical fiber combiner is 1: 1 wave band 1500nm-2100nm beam splitter, and the reverse is beam combiner.
The absorption tank comprises an absorption tank body with a closed structure, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the absorption tank body, two ends of a suction pump are respectively connected with the air inlet and the air outlet, a first high reflector and a second high reflector are installed in the absorption tank body, laser after combination is injected from a small hole of the first high reflector, directly irradiates the second high reflector to be reflected, returns to the first high reflector and then is reflected to the second high reflector, the operation is repeated, and finally the laser is injected from a small opening at the lower end of the second high reflector and is shot on a detector.
The air suction pump is a miniature vacuum electric diaphragm pump, an EPDM diaphragm is adopted, and an installation base made of flexible rubber materials is installed below the air suction pump.
The invention applies the laser absorption spectrum technology to the main greenhouse gas CO in the atmospheric gas2And CH4The concentration measurement method of (1) is studied, and a laser atmosphere carbon emission detection test platform system is integrally constructed, wherein a target gas component CO is subjected to2、CH4The measurement of (1) adopts lasers with central wavelengths of 2003nm and 1654nm, a multi-reflection absorption cell with a 3m long optical path is arranged in the lasers, and gas in the absorption cell is replaced by adopting a pumping mode. The invention discloses an adjustment of a built-in long-optical-path multi-reflection absorption cell, which is specifically realized by coupling visible red light into an optical fiber, adjusting an optical fiber head to enable laser to be reflected for multiple times in a double-sided reflector, and finally emitting the laser at a specific position to be irradiated onto a detector. The time-division scanning mode enables one detector to detect the signals of two lasers. In order to ensure the stable central light-emitting frequency of the two lasers, the invention utilizes CO in the atmosphere2And CH4The absorption of (a) performs a real-time center frequency calibration of the laser. Clean atmospheric CO2Concentration about 400ppm, CH4The concentration was about 1.8ppm, when the apparatus detected CO in the fill gas2At concentrations below 5ppm, the plant will stop on CO2The laser center frequency is calibrated. When the device detects CH in the fill gas4Below 100ppb, the plant will stop working on CH4The laser center frequency is calibrated. Deduction of CH in the invention4The influence of channel water vapor is known from laser gas absorption spectrum, water vapor is absorbed near 1653.5nm, the water vapor content in the dry air is about 2% VOL, and the water vapor content is about 2% VOLThe absorption intensity is equivalent to the absorption intensity of methane in the atmosphere. And CH4The absorption center wavelength is about 1653.7nm, and the two wavelengths are close in position, so that two peaks appear in the 2f signal. The method utilizes water vapor with fixed concentration to perform absorption degree fitting and calculate CH4At the same time, deducting the fitted water vapor absorption spectrum to obtain CH4A single absorption profile. Meanwhile, the concentration of the current water vapor can be calculated, and the water vapor is also greenhouse gas and can be displayed as a carbon emission detection expansion component.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention applies the laser absorption spectrum technology to CO in the atmosphere2And CH4The concentration measurement method is researched, a laser atmospheric carbon emission test platform system is integrally constructed, 24-hour real-time online monitoring of atmospheric carbon emission is realized, basic theory research, system construction and related technical equipment research and development of carbon emission monitoring and treatment in China are enhanced, the gap between the atmospheric carbon emission monitoring and treatment in China is reduced, the atmospheric pollution control and treatment capacity in China is enhanced, the defects of current-stage supervision modes and means are overcome, and the atmospheric carbon emission monitoring capacity is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multiple reflection absorption cell structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. As certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. The present specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the attached drawings 1 and 2, a laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method adopts a 2003nm waveband laser 4 to measure CO2Measuring CH by using a 1654nm laser 34Produce two way modulation signal output for laser drive module 2 through host system 1 timesharing, two lasers of laser drive module 2 drive send laser, and two bundles of laser adopt optic fibre to close and restraint ware 5 and close and restraint, and the laser after closing passes through the multiply reflection absorption tank 6 of fixed length, absorption tank 6 in install aspirator pump 8, use built-in aspirator pump 8 to replace the air in the absorption tank in real time, the afterbody of absorption tank 6 install detector 7, laser is worn out and is surveyed by detector 7 after absorption tank 6, detector 7 converts light signal into the signal of telecommunication to give host system 1 with the signal of telecommunication, host system 1 calculates in real time CO in the atmosphere2And CH4The fluctuation of the concentration.
The main control module 1 comprises a main control board, the main control board generates two paths of modulation signals in a time-sharing manner and outputs the two paths of modulation signals to the laser driving module, and the modulation signals are modulated by adopting a sawtooth waveform, wherein the sawtooth frequency is 1 KHz; the main control board synchronously generates a trigger signal in a switching channel by time-sharing scanning, and the trigger signal is used for triggering an external ADC to acquire a detector signal of the channel; the main control module also comprises a phase-locked amplifying circuit used for demodulating signals of the detector, and the main control board is also in data exchange with the upper computer.
The measurement CH4Laser 3 and measuring CO2The laser 4 emits light in a time-sharing scanning mode, namely the main control board acquires CH4After channel data, the measurement CH is closed4Laser 3, turn on to measure CO2Laser 4 when the main control board is processing CH4During channel data, ADC is collecting CO2Channel data, to the main control board processing CH4After channel data, turn off measuring CO2Laser 4 of, turn on measurement CH4Laser 3, the main control board starts to acquire and process CO2Channel data, ADC starts to collect CH4Channel data is processed by the main control boardCO2After channel data, the measurement CH is closed4Laser 3, turn on to measure CO2Laser 4, the main control board starts to acquire and process CH4Channel data, and so on.
The laser driving module 2 comprises a laser TEC drive and a laser LD drive, the laser TEC drive adopts a high-precision temperature control driving chip, the voltage generated by a thermistor of the laser is amplified by an instrument amplifier and then is compared with a set target voltage by a differential operational amplifier to generate a deviation voltage, a PID compensation network compensates the phase of the laser according to the value of the deviation voltage, and meanwhile, the refrigeration and heating of the TCE are controlled by the output current of an H bridge, so that the temperature of the laser is controlled; the laser LD drive is a transverse current drive circuit consisting of an operational amplifier and an N-MOS, and the scanning current of the transverse current drive circuit is 50mA-120 mA.
The two lasers are butterfly lasers, the laser with the center wavelength of 1654nm is an NEL butterfly laser, and the laser with the center wavelength of 2003nm is an eblana butterfly laser.
The optical fiber combiner 5 is 1: 1 wave band 1500nm-2100nm beam splitter, and the reverse is beam combiner.
The absorption cell 6 comprises an absorption cell main body 9 with a closed structure, an air inlet 10 and an air outlet 11 are arranged on the absorption cell main body 9, two ends of an air suction pump are respectively connected with the air inlet 10 and the air outlet 11, a first high reflector 12 and a second high reflector 13 are installed in the absorption cell main body 9, laser after combination is injected from a small hole of the first high reflector 12, directly irradiates the second high reflector 13 to return to the first high reflector 12 after first reflection, then reflects the laser to the second high reflector 13, and repeats the steps, and finally is ejected from a small opening at the lower end of the second high reflector 13 and is shot onto the detector 7. The actual gas absorption optical path can be calculated by designing the distance between the two mirrors and the number of reflections.
The air suction pump 6 is a miniature vacuum electric diaphragm pump, adopts an EPDM diaphragm, and has better resistance. The mounting base of the air suction pump is made of rubber, has the functions of noise reduction and shock absorption, and is made of flexible rubber materials.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
after the system is started, the equipment enters a self-checking state, and the indicator light flickers at the frequency of 1 Hz. After the self-checking is completed, the air suction pump is turned on, the internal gas starts to be replaced, the equipment enters a normal working mode, and the indicator light flickers at the frequency of 5 Hz.
The invention applies the laser absorption spectrum technology to CO in the atmosphere2And CH4The gas concentration measuring method of (1) is studied, and a pump-suction type laser gas detection platform system is integrally constructed, wherein CO is measured2The laser used was in the 2003nm band, and CH was measured4The laser used was 1654 nm. Two lasers used 1: 1, combining by an optical fiber combiner 5, allowing the combined laser to pass through a multi-reflection absorption cell 6 with a fixed length, measuring two gas components by using a detector 7, measuring the two gases by using two lasers in a time-sharing modulation mode, and replacing air in the absorption cell in real time by using a built-in air suction pump, thereby detecting CO in the atmosphere in real time2And CH4And (4) the concentration fluctuation and the measured concentration data display the current air index in real time by accessing an atmospheric system detection platform.
The system adopts a pumping type mode to replace the gas in the internal multi-reflection absorption tank, the absorption tank 6 is of a closed structure, the gas flows in from the gas inlet and flows out from the gas outlet, and the gas inlet of the gas suction pump 8 is connected to the gas outlet of the gas tank, so that the gas in the gas tank can be completely replaced. The suction pump mounting base is made of flexible rubber materials, and vibration of the suction pump during working can be greatly reduced.
In the absorption spectrum detection technology, the optical path length of the absorption gas can be increased to improve the sensitivity and reduce the detection limit, and in a case with a fixed volume, in order to obtain a larger laser absorption optical path, an internal absorption cell can expand the optical path through multiple reflections.
The invention uses 2 light sources to combine into a laser beam in a fiber coupling mode, and the coupling method is to reversely use 1: 1, the rated wavelength band of the beam splitter is 1500nm-2100 nm.
The invention uses NEL laser with central wave band of 1654nm to measure CH4Gas, measuring CO using ebnala laser with a central band of 2003nm2A gas.
CH of the invention4Light source and CO2The light source emits light in a time-sharing scanning mode, namely the main control board acquires CH4After channel data, close CH4Light source, turning on CO2Light source, when the main control board is processing CH4During channel data, ADC is collecting CO2Channel data, to the main control board processing CH4After channel data, CO is turned off2Light source, turning on CH4Light source, main control board starts to acquire and process CO2Channel data, ADC starts to collect CH4Channel data until the main control board finishes processing CO2After channel data, close CH4Light source, turning on CO2Light source, master control board starts to acquire and process CH4Channel data, and so on.
In order to improve the sensitivity and reduce the detection limit, the main control board carries out high-order FIR filtering on the original waveform, an RIR filtering parameter channel imports the sample data of the original waveform into MATLAB, and the parameters of the FIR filter are calculated through simulation.
The invention collects and stores CH by filling water vapor gas with specific standard concentration4The water vapor absorption waveform of the channel near the 1653.5nm wave band is fitted with CH in real time by the least square method4Absorption of water vapor in the current atmosphere by the channel, for CH4And the channel deducts water vapor interference and detects the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere.
In order to avoid the pollution of suspended particles in the atmosphere to an absorption tank inside the equipment, the gas before entering the gas tank is subjected to filtration pretreatment by using a filter.
The equipment has the functions of self-checking and fault indication, and can feed back system error information in the form of combining an indicator lamp with a fault code.

Claims (8)

1. A laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: CO measurement by adopting 2003nm wave band laser2Measuring CH by using 1654nm laser4Two ways modulation signal output are produced through master control module timesharing and are given laser instrument drive module, and two lasers of laser instrument drive module drive send laser, and two bundles of laser adopt optic fibre to close the beam ware and close and restraint, and the laser that closes after passes through the multiple reflection absorption cell of fixed length, the absorption cell in install the aspirator pump, use built-in aspirator pump to replace the air in the absorption cell in real time, the afterbody of absorption cell install the detector, laser is surveyed by the detector after wearing out the absorption cell, the detector converts light signal into the signal of telecommunication to give master control module with signal of telecommunication sending, master control module calculates CO in the atmosphere in real time2And CH4The fluctuation of the concentration.
2. The laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main control module comprises a main control board, the main control board generates two paths of modulation signals in a time-sharing manner and outputs the two paths of modulation signals to the laser driving module, and the modulation signals are modulated by adopting a sawtooth waveform, wherein the frequency of the sawtooth waveform is 1 KHz; the main control board synchronously generates a trigger signal in a switching channel by time-sharing scanning, and the trigger signal is used for triggering an external ADC to acquire a detector signal of the channel; the main control module also comprises a phase-locked amplifying circuit used for demodulating signals of the detector, and the main control board is also in data exchange with the upper computer.
3. The laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the measurement CH4Laser and measuring CO2The laser emits light in a time-sharing scanning mode, namely the main control board acquires CH4After channel data, the measurement CH is closed4Laser of (2), turn on to measure CO2When the main control board is processing CH4During channel data, ADC is collecting CO2Channel data, to the main control board processing CH4After channel data, turn off measuring CO2Laser of, turn onMeasuring CH4The main control board starts to acquire and process CO2Channel data, ADC starts to collect CH4Channel data until the main control board finishes processing CO2After channel data, the measurement CH is closed4Laser of (2), turn on to measure CO2The master control board starts to acquire and process CH4Channel data, and so on.
4. The laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser driving module comprises a laser TEC drive and a laser LD drive, the laser TEC drive adopts a high-precision temperature control driving chip, the voltage generated by a thermistor of the laser is amplified by an instrument amplifier and then is compared with a set target voltage by a differential operational amplifier to generate a deviation voltage, a PID compensation network compensates the phase of the laser according to the value of the deviation voltage, and meanwhile, the refrigeration and heating of the TCE are controlled by the output current of an H bridge, so that the temperature of the laser is controlled; the laser LD drive is a transverse current drive circuit consisting of an operational amplifier and an N-MOS, and the scanning current of the transverse current drive circuit is 50mA-120 mA.
5. The laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two lasers are butterfly lasers, the laser with the center wavelength of 1654nm is an NEL butterfly laser, and the laser with the center wavelength of 2003nm is an eblana butterfly laser.
6. The laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the optical fiber combiner is 1: 1 wave band 1500nm-2100nm beam splitter, and the reverse is beam combiner.
7. The laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the absorption tank comprises an absorption tank body with a closed structure, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the absorption tank body, two ends of a suction pump are respectively connected with the air inlet and the air outlet, a first high reflector and a second high reflector are installed in the absorption tank body, laser after combination is injected from a small hole of the first high reflector, directly irradiates the second high reflector to be reflected, returns to the first high reflector and then is reflected to the second high reflector, the operation is repeated, and finally the laser is injected from a small opening at the lower end of the second high reflector and is shot on a detector.
8. The laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the air suction pump is a miniature vacuum electric diaphragm pump, an EPDM diaphragm is adopted, and an installation base made of flexible rubber materials is installed below the air suction pump.
CN202111092129.6A 2021-09-17 2021-09-17 Laser-based atmospheric carbon emission detection method Pending CN113804641A (en)

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CN115876726A (en) * 2023-02-02 2023-03-31 合肥清芯传感科技有限公司 Automatic peak searching method of laser, storage medium and gas concentration detection system

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