CN113802068B - Alloy structural steel containing tungsten and production method thereof - Google Patents
Alloy structural steel containing tungsten and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An alloy structural steel containing tungsten and a production method thereof belong to the field of alloy structural steel production methods. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of generating cracks in the production process of alloy structural steel. The production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel comprises the following process flows: electric furnace smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum refining, steel ingot die casting → steel ingot hot-conveying annealing → steel rolling large rod heating → steel rolling cogging → steel billet hot-conveying annealing → steel billet coping → steel rolling mill small rod heating → steel rolling mill small rod rolling → slow cooling → steel annealing → straightening → coping → flaw detection → inspection, inspection → upward. The invention solves the technical problem of surface cracks of the steel material, the highest yield strength of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten can reach 1032MPa, the highest tensile strength can reach 1095MPa, and the hardness can reach 52 HRC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alloy structural steel production methods; in particular to alloy structural steel containing tungsten and a production method thereof.
Background
Tungsten is a refractory metal with the highest melting point (3387 ℃) and is in the same group with chromium and molybdenum in the periodic table. The behaviour in steel is also similar to molybdenum, i.e. the austenite phase region is reduced and it is a strong carbide former, partly solid-soluble in iron. The special carbide of tungsten prevents the growth of steel grains and reduces the overheating sensitivity of steel. Tungsten significantly improves the temper stability of the steel. Tungsten improves the tempering resistance of the steel, and carbides are very hard, so that the wear resistance of the steel is improved, and the steel has certain hot hardness.
However, the addition of tungsten in the alloy structural steel is easy to generate surface cracks in the production process, so that the grinding period is greatly increased, the production cost is increased, and meanwhile, the surface quality risk of steel products produced by subsequent rolling is increased, and the generation of the surface cracks of the steel billets needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel and a production method thereof, which solve the problem of surface cracks of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel comprises 0.27-0.34 wt% of C, 0.17-0.37 wt% of Si, 0.30-0.60 wt% of Mn, 0.60-0.90 wt% of Cr, 2.00-2.50 wt% of Ni, 0.15-0.30 wt% of V, 0.40-0.70 wt% of W, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of S and the balance of Fe.
The invention relates to a production method of a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, which comprises the following process flows of: electric furnace smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum refining, steel ingot die casting → steel ingot hot-conveying annealing → steel rolling large rod heating → steel rolling cogging → steel billet hot-conveying annealing → steel billet coping → steel rolling mill small rod heating → steel rolling mill small rod rolling → slow cooling → steel annealing → straightening → coping → flaw detection → inspection, inspection → upward.
According to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, in the electric furnace smelting step, the content of steel tapping C is 0.09-0.12 wt%, the content of steel tapping P is 0.004-0.007 wt%, 30-40 kg of aluminum ingots, 100kg of white ash and 300kg of synthetic slag are added during electric furnace smelting, the steel tapping temperature is 1591-1604 ℃, and the steel tapping amount is 38.5-41.7 t.
According to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, the deoxidizer for LF refining is carbon powder, lime and silicon powder, wherein the amount of the carbon powder is 40-50 kg/t, the amount of the lime is 400kg, and the amount of the silicon powder is 100-120 kg, the deoxidizer is uniformly mixed and used, the refining time is 105-115 min, and the refining time of white slag is 85-90 min.
According to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, in the VD vacuum refining step, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Mpa, the vacuum retention time is 20-23 min, after the vacuum breaking, covering agent carbonization rice hulls are added in a soft blowing mode, the rice hulls are carbonized in a furnace, the soft blowing time is 22-29 min, and the ladle temperature is 1550-1554 ℃.
According to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, during pouring of a die-cast steel ingot, the ingot body pouring speed is 315-328S and the cap opening pouring speed is 260-261S in a disc pouring speed, the ingot body pouring speed is 305-314S and the cap opening pouring speed is 241-250S in a two disc pouring speed, and the ingot type is 3.15 t.
According to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, the steel ingot hot conveying annealing temperature is 770-830 ℃.
According to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, the discharging temperature of steel billets for steel rolling and cogging is 1280 ℃, the temperature after cogging is 1100-1110 ℃, and the hot-rolling temperature is 850-860 ℃.
According to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, the steel billet is subjected to hot conveying and annealing at 680 ℃, is subjected to heat preservation for 39 hours, and is discharged after being cooled to 300 ℃.
According to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, the annealing temperature of the steel is 750 ℃.
The production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel solves the technical problem of surface cracks of steel materials, the yield strength of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel can reach 1032MPa to the maximum, the tensile strength can reach 1095MPa to the maximum, and the hardness can reach 52 HRC.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a billet surface of a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel prepared by a method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a sample of a structural alloy steel containing tungsten prepared by a method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a test sample of a tower type of structural alloy steel containing tungsten prepared by a method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic photograph of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by a method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic photograph of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of a sample of structural alloy steel containing tungsten prepared by the method according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a metallographic photograph of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by a method according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of a billet surface of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 1;
FIG. 9 is a photograph of a billet surface of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 2;
FIG. 10 is a photograph of a billet surface of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 3;
FIG. 11 is a photograph of a billet surface of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 4;
fig. 12 is a surface photograph of a billet of structural alloy steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 5.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten comprises the following process flows: electric furnace smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum refining, steel ingot die casting → steel ingot hot-conveying annealing → steel rolling large rod heating → steel rolling cogging → steel billet hot-conveying annealing → steel billet coping → steel rolling mill small rod heating → steel rolling mill small rod rolling → slow cooling → steel annealing → straightening → coping → flaw detection → inspection, inspection → upward.
According to the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, in the electric furnace smelting step, the content of steel tapping C is 0.12 wt%, the content of steel tapping P is 0.004 wt%, 40kg of aluminum ingot, 100kg of lime and 300kg of synthetic slag are added during electric furnace smelting, the steel tapping temperature is 1597 ℃, and the steel tapping amount is 41.7 t.
In the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, the deoxidizer for LF refining is carbon powder, lime and silicon powder, wherein the carbon powder is used in an amount of 50kg/t, the lime is used in an amount of 400kg, and the silicon powder is used in an amount of 120kg, and the deoxidizer is uniformly mixed for 115min and 90 min.
In the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten according to the embodiment, in the VD vacuum refining step, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Mpa, the vacuum retention time is 23min, after the vacuum breaking, the covering agent is added in the soft blowing mode to carbonize the rice hulls in a furnace at 50kg, the soft blowing time is 22min, and the ladle temperature is 1550 ℃.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to this embodiment, during casting of the die-cast steel ingot, the ingot body casting speed is 315S and the cap mouth casting speed is 260S in the first casting speed, the ingot body casting speed is 305S and the cap mouth casting speed is 250S in the second casting speed, and the ingot shape is 3.15 t.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the embodiment, the steel ingot hot-feeding annealing temperature is 830 ℃.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the embodiment, the discharge temperature of a steel billet for steel rolling and cogging is 1280 ℃, the temperature after cogging is 1105 ℃ and the heat transfer temperature is 860 ℃.
In the method for producing the alloy structural steel containing tungsten according to the embodiment, the steel billet is subjected to hot conveying and annealing at 680 ℃, is kept for 39 hours, and is discharged after being cooled to 300 ℃.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the present embodiment, the annealing temperature of the steel material is 750 ℃.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the present embodiment, fig. 1 is a photograph of a billet surface, fig. 2 is a photograph of a sample of a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, fig. 3 is a photograph of a test sample of a tower type test, and it can be seen from fig. 1 to 3 that there is no crack on the steel material surface.
In the method for producing a structural alloy steel containing tungsten according to the present embodiment, fig. 4 is a metallographic photograph of a structural alloy steel containing tungsten, and as can be seen from fig. 4, a structural alloy steel containing tungsten has a uniform surface structure.
The production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel solves the technical problem of surface cracks of the steel material, the yield strength of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel can reach 1032MPa to the maximum, the tensile strength can reach 1095MPa to the maximum, and the hardness can reach 52 HRC.
The second embodiment is as follows:
the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten comprises the following process flows: electric furnace smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum refining, steel ingot die casting → steel ingot hot-conveying annealing → steel rolling large rod heating → steel rolling cogging → steel billet hot-conveying annealing → steel billet coping → steel rolling mill small rod heating → steel rolling mill small rod rolling → slow cooling → steel annealing → straightening → coping → flaw detection → inspection, inspection → upward.
According to the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, in the electric furnace smelting step, the content of steel tapping C is 0.09 wt%, the content of steel tapping P is 0.007 wt%, 30kg of aluminum ingot, 100kg of lime and 300kg of synthetic slag are added during electric furnace smelting, the steel tapping temperature is 1604 ℃, and the steel tapping amount is 38.7 t.
In the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, the deoxidizer for LF refining is carbon powder, lime and silicon powder, wherein the carbon powder is 40kg/t, the lime is 400kg, and the silicon powder is 100kg, and the deoxidizer is uniformly mixed and used for 105min and 85min, respectively.
In the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten according to the embodiment, in the VD vacuum refining step, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Mpa, the vacuum retention time is 20min, after the vacuum breaking, the covering agent is added in a soft blowing mode to carbonize the rice hulls in a furnace at 50kg, the soft blowing time is 29min, and the ladle temperature is 1554 ℃.
In the method for producing the alloy structural steel containing tungsten according to the embodiment, the ingot shape is 3.15t at the first casting speed of 328S and the second casting speed of 261S, the first casting speed of 314S and the second casting speed of 241S.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the embodiment, the steel ingot hot-feeding annealing temperature is 800 ℃.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the embodiment, the discharge temperature of a steel billet for steel rolling and cogging is 1280 ℃, the temperature after cogging is 1110 ℃, and the heat transfer temperature is 860 ℃.
In the method for producing the alloy structural steel containing tungsten according to the embodiment, the steel billet is subjected to hot conveying and annealing at 680 ℃, is kept for 39 hours, and is discharged after being cooled to 300 ℃.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the present embodiment, the annealing temperature of the steel material is 750 ℃.
In the method for producing a structural alloy steel containing tungsten according to the present embodiment, fig. 5 is a metallographic photograph of the structural alloy steel containing tungsten prepared, and fig. 6 is a photograph of a sample of the structural alloy steel containing tungsten, and as can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the structural alloy steel containing tungsten has no cracks on its surface.
The third concrete implementation mode:
the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten comprises the following process flows: electric furnace smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum refining, steel ingot die casting → steel ingot hot-conveying annealing → steel rolling large rod heating → steel rolling cogging → steel billet hot-conveying annealing → steel billet coping → steel rolling mill small rod heating → steel rolling mill small rod rolling → slow cooling → steel annealing → straightening → coping → flaw detection → inspection, inspection → upward.
According to the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, in the electric furnace smelting step, the content of steel tapping C is 0.10 wt%, the content of steel tapping P is 0.005 wt%, 30kg of aluminum ingot, 100kg of lime and 300kg of synthetic slag are added during electric furnace smelting, the steel tapping temperature is 1591 ℃, and the steel tapping amount is 38.5 t.
In the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, the deoxidizer for LF refining is carbon powder, lime and silicon powder, wherein the carbon powder is 40kg/t, the lime is 400kg, and the silicon powder is 100kg, and the deoxidizer is uniformly mixed and used for 105min and 85min, respectively.
In the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten according to the embodiment, in the VD vacuum refining step, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Mpa, the vacuum retention time is 20min, after the vacuum breaking, the covering agent is added in a soft blowing mode to carbonize the rice hulls in a furnace at 50kg, the soft blowing time is 25min, and the ladle temperature is 1553 ℃.
In the method for producing the alloy structural steel containing tungsten according to the embodiment, the ingot shape is 3.15t at the first casting speed of 328S and the second casting speed of 261S, the first casting speed of 314S and the second casting speed of 241S.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to this embodiment, the steel ingot hot-feeding annealing temperature is 770 ℃.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the embodiment, the discharge temperature of a steel billet for steel rolling and cogging is 1280 ℃, the temperature after cogging is 1100 ℃, and the heat transfer temperature is 860 ℃.
In the method for producing the alloy structural steel containing tungsten according to the embodiment, the steel billet is subjected to hot conveying and annealing at 680 ℃, is kept for 39 hours, and is discharged after being cooled to 300 ℃.
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the present embodiment, the annealing temperature of the steel material is 750 ℃.
In the first to third embodiments, in the method for producing a structural alloy steel containing tungsten, LF refining is as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 LF refining
In the method for producing a tungsten-containing alloy structural steel according to the first to third embodiments, the change in the aluminum content during the refining is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 variation of aluminum content during refining
TABLE 3 Steel ingot slag sample composition
TABLE 4 composition of an alloyed structural steel containing tungsten
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | V | W | Cu | Al | |
| 1 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.44 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.77 | 2.16 | 0.20 | 0.54 | 0.08 | 0.030 |
| 2 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.44 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.71 | 2.16 | 0.20 | 0.53 | 0.09 | 0.033 |
| 3 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.75 | 2.17 | 0.19 | 0.52 | 0.10 | 0.034 |
TABLE 5 Low power grade of steels
TABLE 6 non-metallic inclusions
TABLE 7 hardness comparison table
TABLE 8 hardenability test
Note: j6 ranged from 48.4-49.1HRC J9 ranged from 49.4-51.2 HRC.
Properties of a tungsten-containing alloy structural Steel set forth in Table 9
FIG. 8 is a photograph of a surface of a steel slab of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 1, and comparative example 1 is a sample prepared by heating a steel ingot by hot feeding and annealing the steel slab by hot feeding; FIG. 9 is a photograph of the surface of a steel slab of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 2, and comparative example 2 is a sample in which the steel slab is heated by hot feeding and is not annealed; FIG. 10 is a photograph of a billet surface of a tungsten containing alloy structural steel prepared by the method of comparative example 3, comparative example 3 being a sample of steel ingot mantle cooling + annealing + billet cooling + slow cooling + annealing; fig. 11 is a photograph of the surface of a steel slab of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 4, and comparative example 4 is a sample of steel slab mantle cold + annealing + hot-feed annealing of the steel slab; fig. 12 is a photograph of the surface of a slab of an alloy structural steel containing tungsten prepared by the method of comparative example 5, and comparative example 5 is a sample in which the slab is hot-feed annealed + the slab is not annealed, and it can be seen from fig. 8 to 12 that cracks are present on the surface of the sample.
The fourth concrete implementation mode:
the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel comprises 0.27-0.34 wt% of C, 0.17-0.37 wt% of Si, 0.30-0.60 wt% of Mn, 0.60-0.90 wt% of Cr, 2.00-2.50 wt% of Ni, 0.15-0.30 wt% of V, 0.40-0.70 wt% of W, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of S and the balance of Fe.
The fifth concrete implementation mode:
according to the fourth specific embodiment, the process flow of the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel is as follows: electric furnace smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum refining, steel ingot die casting → steel ingot hot-conveying annealing → steel rolling large rod heating → steel rolling cogging → steel billet hot-conveying annealing → steel billet coping → steel rolling mill small rod heating → steel rolling mill small rod rolling → slow cooling → steel annealing → straightening → coping → flaw detection → inspection, inspection → upward.
The sixth specific implementation mode:
according to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten in the fifth specific embodiment, in the electric furnace smelting step, the content of steel tapping C is 0.09-0.12 wt%, the content of steel tapping P is 0.004-0.007 wt%, 30-40 kg of aluminum ingots, 100kg of white ash and 300kg of synthetic slag are added during electric furnace smelting, the steel tapping temperature is 1591-1604 ℃, and the steel tapping amount is 38.5-41.7 t.
The seventh embodiment:
according to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, the deoxidizer for LF refining is carbon powder, lime and silicon powder, wherein the carbon powder is 40-50 kg/t, the lime is 400kg, and the silicon powder is 100-120 kg, and the deoxidizer is uniformly mixed and used for 105-115 min and 85-90 min.
The specific implementation mode is eight:
according to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, in the VD vacuum refining step, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Mpa, the vacuum maintaining time is 20-23 min, after the vacuum breaking, the covering agent is added in soft blowing to carbonize the rice hulls 50 kg/furnace, the soft blowing time is 22-29 min, and the ladle temperature is 1550-1554 ℃.
The specific implementation method nine:
according to the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, in the pouring of the die-cast steel ingot, the ingot body pouring speed is 315-328S and the cap mouth pouring speed is 260-261S in a disc pouring speed, the ingot body pouring speed is 305-314S and the cap mouth pouring speed is 241-250S in a disc pouring speed, and the ingot type is 3.15 t.
The detailed implementation mode is ten:
according to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten of the fifth specific embodiment, the steel ingot hot conveying annealing temperature is 770-830 ℃.
The concrete implementation mode eleven:
according to the production method of the alloy structural steel containing tungsten, according to the specific embodiment, the discharging temperature of the steel billet subjected to steel rolling and cogging is 1280 ℃, the temperature after cogging is 1100-1110 ℃, and the hot-rolling temperature is 850-860 ℃.
The specific implementation mode twelve:
according to the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel, according to the fifth specific embodiment, the hot conveying annealing temperature of the steel billet is 680 ℃, the temperature is kept for 39 hours, and the steel billet is discharged from the furnace after being cooled to 300 ℃.
The specific implementation mode is thirteen:
according to the method for producing the alloy structural steel containing tungsten of the fifth embodiment, the annealing temperature of the steel is 750 ℃.
Claims (4)
1. A production method of tungsten-containing alloy structural steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the production method of the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel comprises the following process flows: electric furnace smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum refining, steel ingot die casting → steel ingot hot-conveying annealing → steel rolling large rod heating → steel rolling cogging → steel billet hot-conveying annealing → steel billet coping → steel rolling mill small rod heating → steel rolling mill small rod rolling → slow cooling → steel annealing → straightening → coping → flaw detection → inspection, inspection → upward;
the tungsten-containing alloy structural steel comprises 0.27-0.34 wt% of C, 0.17-0.37 wt% of Si, 0.30-0.60 wt% of Mn, 0.60-0.90 wt% of Cr, 2.00-2.50 wt% of Ni, 0.15-0.30 wt% of V, 0.40-0.70 wt% of W, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of S and the balance of Fe;
when the die-cast steel ingot is poured, the pouring speed of the ingot body is 315-328S and the pouring speed of the cap opening is 260-261S in a disc pouring speed, the pouring speed of the ingot body is 305-314S and the pouring speed of the cap opening is 241-250S in a two disc pouring speed, and the ingot type is 3.15 t;
the steel ingot hot conveying annealing temperature is 770-830 ℃;
the discharging temperature of the steel billet subjected to steel rolling and cogging is 1280 ℃, the cogging temperature is 1100-1110 ℃, and the hot-rolling temperature is 850-860 ℃;
the temperature of the hot delivery annealing of the steel billet is 680 ℃, the temperature is kept for 39h, and the steel billet is discharged after being cooled to 300 ℃;
the annealing temperature of the steel is 750 ℃.
2. A method of producing a tungsten containing alloy structural steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the electric furnace smelting step, the content of C in the steel tapping is 0.09-0.12 wt%, the content of P in the steel tapping is 0.004-0.007 wt%, 30-40 kg of aluminum ingot, 100kg of lime and 300kg of synthetic slag are added during electric furnace smelting, the steel tapping temperature is 1591-1604 ℃, and the steel tapping amount is 38.5-41.7 t.
3. A method of producing a tungsten containing alloy structural steel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the deoxidizer for LF refining is carbon powder, lime and silicon powder, wherein the amount of the carbon powder is 40-50 kg/t, the amount of the lime is 400kg, the amount of the silicon powder is 100-120 kg, the deoxidizer is uniformly mixed and used, the refining time is 105-115 min, and the refining time of white slag is 85-90 min.
4. A method of producing a tungsten containing alloy structural steel as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: in the VD vacuum refining step, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Mpa, the vacuum retention time is 20-23 min, after the vacuum breaking, the covering agent is added in a soft blowing mode to carbonize the rice hulls at 50 kg/furnace, the soft blowing time is 22-29 min, and the temperature of a bale is 1550-1554 ℃.
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