CN113801151B - 一种稠环芳香族化合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种稠环芳香族化合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113801151B CN113801151B CN202010675243.0A CN202010675243A CN113801151B CN 113801151 B CN113801151 B CN 113801151B CN 202010675243 A CN202010675243 A CN 202010675243A CN 113801151 B CN113801151 B CN 113801151B
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- aromatic compound
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- organic electroluminescent
- compound
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- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005980 hexynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机电致发光技术领域,尤其涉及一种稠环芳香族化合物及其应用;所述化合物的结构通式如式I所示:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光技术领域,尤其涉及一种稠环芳香族化合物及其应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光元件所使用的物质大部分为纯有机物或有机物与金属形成络合物的有机金属络合物,根据用途可区分为空穴注入物、空穴输送物、发光物、电子输送物、电子注入物等。在此,作为空穴注入物或空穴输送物主要使用离子化能相对较小的有机物,作为电子注入物或电子输送物主要使用电负性较大的有机物。此外,作为发光辅助层所使用的物质最好能满足如下特性。
第一、有机电致发光元件中所使用的物质需较好的热稳定性,其原因是在有机电致发光元件内部因电荷的迁移而发生焦耳热,目前,作为空穴输送层通常所使用的材料的玻璃化温度低,因此在低温下驱动时出现因发生结晶化而引起发光效率降低的现象。第二、为了降低驱动电压,需要与阴极和阳极邻接的有机物设计成电荷注入势垒较小,电荷迁移率高。第三、电极和有机层的界面、有机层和有机层的界面上一直存在能量壁垒而不可避免地累积一些电荷,因此需要使用电化学稳定性优异的物质。
发光层由主发光体和掺杂物这两种物质构成,掺杂物需要量子效率高,与掺杂物相比主发光体需要能隙大而容易发生向掺杂物的能量转移。用于电视、移动设备等的显示器根据红色、绿色、蓝色这三原色实现全彩色,发光层分别由红色主发光体/掺杂物、绿色主发光体/掺杂物以及蓝色主发光体/掺杂物构成。目前蓝光材料仍然存在发光量子效率低、色纯度差的问题。造成这种状况的主要原因是因为蓝光来自于能隙较宽的能级间的跃迁,而宽禁带的有机化合物在进行分子设计时存在一定的困难,其次蓝光材料的体系中存在着较强的π-π键相互作用,有着很强的电荷转移特性,从而使宽带隙中存在更多的无辐射弛豫通道,加剧了分子之间荧光淬灭,降低了蓝光体系的量子产率。因此设计合成综合性能优良的蓝光材料,将成为有机电致发光材料研究的重要课题。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种稠环芳香族化合物;该化合物发光为蓝色至深蓝色,且发光效率高。
本发明所述化合物的结构通式如式I所示:
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11在每次出现时相同或不同地选自氢、氘、具有C1-C40的直链烷基、具有C1-C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2-C40的烯基或炔基、具有5-60个原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系组成的组,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个基团R取代;
X1、X2各自独立地选自O、NR、S或Se,所述NR的R为C1-C40的烷基、具有5-60个原子的芳族环或杂芳族环系,另外,所述NR的R可通过连结基或单键而与所述X1、X2的邻位键结成环;
Y表示B、P、P=O、P=S、Al、Ga、As、SiR或GeR;
所述基团R在每次出现时相同或不同地选自氢原子、氘原子、卤素原子、腈基、硝基、N(Ar1)2、N(R12)2、C(=O)Ar1、C(=O)R12、P(=O)(Ar1)2、具有C1-C40的直链烷基、具有C1-C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2-C40的烯基或炔基、具有5-80个、优选5-60个原子的芳族环或杂芳族环系、具有5-60个原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基组成的组,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个基团R12取代,或这些体系的组合中,其中一个或多个非相邻的-CH2-基团可被R12C=CR12、C≡C、Si(R12)2、Ge(R12)2、Sn(R12)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR12、P(=O)(R12)、SO、SO2、NR12、O、S或CONR12代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子或被氘原子、卤素原子、腈基或硝基代替,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R可以任选地接合或稠合形成单环或多环的脂族、芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个基团R12取代;
R12在每次出现时相同或不同地选自氢原子、氘原子、卤素原子、腈基、硝基、N(Ar1)2、N(R13)2、C(=O)Ar1、C(=O)R13、P(=O)(Ar1)2、具有C1-C40的直链烷基、具有C1-C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2-C40的烯基或炔基、具有5-60个原子的芳族环或杂芳族环系、具有5-60个原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基组成的组,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个基团R13取代,或这些体系的组合中,其中一个或多个非相邻的-CH2-基团可被R13C=CR13、C≡C、Si(R13)2、Ge(R13)2、Sn(R13)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR13、P(=O)(R13)、SO、SO2、NR13、O、S或CONR13代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被氘原子、卤素原子、腈基或硝基代替,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R可以任选地接合或稠合形成单环或多环的脂族、芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个基团R13取代;
Ar1在每次出现时相同或不同地是具有5-30个原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可被一个或多个非芳族基团R13取代;此处键合至同一氮原子或磷原子的两个基团Ar1也可通过单键或选自N(R13)、C(R13)2、氧或硫的桥连基彼此桥连;
R13选自氢原子、氘原子、氟原子、腈基、具有C1-C20的脂族烃基、具有5-30个原子的芳族环或杂芳族环系,其中一个或多个氢原子可被氘原子、卤素原子、或腈基代替,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R13可彼此形成单环或多环的脂族、芳族或杂芳族环系。
在本发明意义上的芳族或杂芳族环系旨在被认为是指不必仅含有芳基或杂芳基的体系,而是其中多个芳基或杂芳基还可以由非芳族单元例如C、N、O或S原子连接。因此,例如,和其中两个或更多个芳基被例如短的烷基连接的体系一样,诸如芴、9,9’-螺二芴、9,9-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚等的体系也被认为是指在本发明意义上的芳族环系。
本发明意义上的芳基含有6-60个碳原子,在本发明意义上的杂芳基含有2-60个碳原子和至少一个杂原子,其条件是碳原子和杂原子的总和至少是5;所述杂原子优选选自N、O或S。此处的芳基或杂芳基被认为是指简单的芳族环,即苯、萘等,或简单的杂芳族环,如吡啶、嘧啶、噻吩等,或稠合的芳基或杂芳基,如蒽、菲、喹啉、异喹啉等。通过单键彼此连接的芳族环,例如联苯,相反地不被称为芳基或杂芳基,而是称为芳族环系。
对于本发明意义上的含有1~40个碳原子并且其中单独的氢原子或-CH2-基团还可被上述基团取代的脂族烃基或者烷基或者烯基或炔基优选被认为是指如下基团:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、环戊基、正己基、新己基、环己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、2-乙基己基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、庚炔基或辛炔基。烷氧基优选具有1-40个碳原子的烷氧基被认为是指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、仲戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、环己氧基、正庚氧基、环庚氧基、正辛氧基、环辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基和2,2,2-三氟乙氧基。杂烷基优选具有1-40个碳原子的烷基,是指其中单独的氢原子或-CH2-基团可被氧、硫、卤素原子取代的基团,被认为是指烷氧基、烷硫基、氟代的烷氧基、氟代的烷硫基,特别是指甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基、叔丁硫基、三氟甲硫基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯氧基、乙烯硫基、丙烯氧基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、丁烯氧基、戊烯氧基、戊烯硫基、环戊烯氧基、环戊烯硫基、己烯氧基、己烯硫基、环己烯氧基、环己烯硫基、乙炔氧基、乙炔硫基、丙炔氧基、丙炔硫基、丁炔氧基、丁炔硫基、戊炔氧基、戊炔硫基、己炔氧基、己炔硫基。
一般来说,根据本发明的环烷基、环烯基可为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚基、环庚烯基,其中一个或多个-CH2-基团可被上述基团代替;此外,一个或多个氢原子还可被氘原子、卤素原子或腈基代替。
根据本发明的芳族或杂芳族环原子,在每种情况下还可被上述基团R13取代的芳族或杂芳族环系,特别是指衍生自如下物质的基团:苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、芘、苝、荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、三聚苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式茚并咔唑、顺式或反式吲哚并咔唑、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并[5,6]喹啉、苯并[6,7]喹啉、苯并[7,8]喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩噁嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、噁唑、苯并噁唑、萘并噁唑、蒽并噁唑、菲并噁唑、异噁唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、六氮杂苯并菲、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1,5-二氮杂蒽、2,7-二氮杂芘、2,3-二氮杂芘、1,6-二氮杂芘、1,8-二氮杂芘、4,5-二氮杂芘,4,5,9,10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-噁二唑、1,2,4-噁二唑、1,2,5-噁二唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪和苯并噻二唑或者衍生自这些体系的组合的基团。
进一步地,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11在每次出现时相同或不同地选自氢、氘、具有C1-C40的直链烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有5-60个原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系组成的组,所述基团中的每个可被一个或多个基团R取代;
X1、X2各自独立地选自O、NR、S或Se,所述NR的R为C1-C40的烷基、具有5-60个原子的芳族环或杂芳蔟环系,另外,所述NR的R可通过-O-、-S-、-C(R)2-或单键而与所述X1、X2的邻位键结成环,所述-C(R)2-的R为氢或C1-C40的烷基;
Y表示B、P、P=O、P=S、Al、Ga、As、SiR或GeR,所述SiR或GeR的R为C1-C40的烷基、具有5-60个原子的芳族环或杂芳蔟环系,而且,
式I所表示的稠环化合物或结构中的至少一个氢可由卤素或重氢取代。
更进一步地,所述稠环芳香族化合物选自如下式B001–式B270所示化合物中的一种:
本发明的第二目的是提供一种有机电致发光材料,由上述的稠环芳香族化合物制备得到。
有机电致发光材料可以单独使用本发明的稠环芳香族化合物构成,也可以同时含有其他化合物。
本发明的有机电致发光材料中所含有的本发明的稠环芳香族化合物可以用作但不限于发光层材料、载流子传输层材料或光折射层材料。
本发明的第三目的是提供一种有机电致发光装置,包括第一电极、第二电极和置于所述第一电极、所述第二电极之间的一个以上的有机层;
所述有机层至少一层包含上述的稠环芳香族化合物。
进一步地,所述有机层还包括其他的层,所述其他的层选自电子注入层、电子输送层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、空穴输送层、空穴注入层、发光层中的一种或几种。
所述有机电致发光装置包含阴极、阳极和至少一个发光层。除了这些层之外,它还可以包含其它的层,例如在每种情况下,包含一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、激子阻挡层、电子阻挡层和/或电荷产生层。具有例如激子阻挡功能的中间层同样可引入两个发光层之间。然而,应当指出,这些层中的每个并非必须都存在。此处所述有机电致发光装置可包含一个发光层,或者它可包含多个发光层。即,将能够发光的多种发光化合物用于所述发光层中。特别优选具有三个发光层的体系,其中所述三个层可显示蓝色、绿色和红色发光。如果存在多于一个的发光层,则根据本发明,这些层中的至少一个层包含本发明的化合物。
进一步地,根据本发明的有机电致发光装置不包含单独的空穴注入层和/或空穴传输层和/或空穴阻挡层和/或电子传输层,即发光层与空穴注入层或阳极直接相邻,和/或发光层与电子传输层或电子注入层或阴极直接相邻,如在例如WO2005053051中所述的。
在根据本发明的有机电致发光装置的其它层中,特别是在空穴注入和空穴传输层中以及在电子注入和电子传输层中,所有材料可以按照根据现有技术通常所使用的方式来使用。本领域普通技术人员因此将能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下与根据本发明的发光层组合使用关于有机电致发光元件所知的所有材料。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光装置,借助于升华方法施加一个或多个层,其中在真空升华装置中在低于10-5Pa、优选低于10-6Pa的初压下通过气相沉积来施加所述材料。然而,所述初压还可能甚至更低,例如低于10-7Pa。
同样优选如下的有机电致发光器件,借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加一个或多个层,其中,在10-5Pa至1Pa之间的压力下施加所述材料。该方法的特别的例子是有机蒸气喷印方法,其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加,并且因此是结构化的。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光装置,从溶液中,例如通过旋涂,或借助于任何所希望的印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷、光引发热成像、热转印、喷墨印刷或喷嘴印刷,来产生一个或多个层。可溶性化合物,例如通过适当的取代获得可溶性化合物。这些方法也特别适于低聚物、树枝状大分子和聚合物。此外可行的是混合方法,其中例如从溶液中施加一个或多个层并且通过气相沉积施加一个或多个另外的层。
这些方法是本领域普通技术人员通常已知的,并且他们可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下将其应用于包含根据本发明的化合物的有机电致发光元件。
因此,本发明还涉及制造根据本发明的有机电致发光装置的方法,借助于升华方法来施加至少一个层,和/或特征在于借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加至少一个层,和/或特征在于从溶液中通过旋涂或借助于印刷方法来施加至少一个层。
此外,本发明涉及包含至少一种上文指出的本发明的稠环芳香族化合物。如上文关于有机电致发光装置指出的相同优选情况适用于所述本发明的稠环芳香族化合物。特别是,所述稠环芳香族化合物此外还可优选包含其它化合物。从液相处理根据本发明的稠环芳香族化合物,例如通过旋涂或通过印刷方法进行处理,需要根据本发明的化合物的制剂。这些制剂可以例如是溶液、分散体或乳液。出于这个目的,可优选使用两种或更多种溶剂的混合物。合适并且优选的溶剂例如是甲苯,苯甲醚,邻二甲苯、间二甲苯或对二甲苯,苯甲酸甲酯,均三甲苯,萘满,邻二甲氧基苯,四氢呋喃,甲基四氢呋喃,四氢吡喃,氯苯,二噁烷,苯氧基甲苯,特别是3-苯氧基甲苯,(-)-葑酮,1,2,3,5-四甲基苯,1,2,4,5-四甲基苯,1-甲基萘,2-甲基苯并噻唑,2-苯氧基乙醇,2-吡咯烷酮,3-甲基苯甲醚,4-甲基苯甲醚,3,4-二甲基苯甲醚,3,5-二甲基苯甲醚,苯乙酮,α-萜品醇,苯并噻唑,苯甲酸丁酯,异丙苯,环己醇,环己酮,环己基苯,十氢化萘,十二烷基苯,苯甲酸乙酯,茚满,苯甲酸甲酯,1-甲基吡咯烷酮,对甲基异丙基苯,苯乙醚,1,4-二异丙基苯,二苄醚,二乙二醇丁基甲基醚,三乙二醇丁基甲基醚,二乙二醇二丁基醚,三乙二醇二甲基醚,二乙二醇单丁基醚,三丙二醇二甲基醚,四乙二醇二甲基醚,2-异丙基萘,戊苯,己苯,庚苯,辛苯,1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷,或这些溶剂的混合物。
进一步地,所述发光层选自如上述的稠环芳香族化合物、主发光体、掺杂物;
所述主发光体为萘、蒽、芘、苝、菲、荧蒽、苯并蒽和并五苯及其衍生物中的一种或几种;所述掺杂物选自如上述的稠环芳香族化合物。
进一步地,所述掺杂物与所述主发光体的质量比为1:99~50:50。
本发明的第四目的是提供上述的稠环芳香族化合物在制备有机电致发光材料中的应用。
本发明的第五目的是提供上述的稠环芳香族化合物在制备有机电致发光装置中的应用。
如无特殊说明,本发明中所用原料均可通过市售商购获得,本发明所记载的任何范围包括端值以及端值之间的任何数值以及端值或者端值之间的任意数值所构成的任意子范围。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供的稠环芳香族化合物是一系列具有B、P、Al、Ga、As、Si或Ge原子的封闭稠环结构的新型有机电致发光化合物,是在苯并菲的分子内侧引入杂原子增大分子内的电子密度,同时调整取位基团增大分子位阻、减弱分子间的π-π相互作用,提高分子的内量子效率,并且具有与以住的化合物相比更短的发光波长。同时,该稠环芳香族化合物阻碍有机分子间激-激复合物的生成、增加内部电子密度和稳定性,由此得以提高包含该化合物的有机电致发光器件的效率、寿命;此外,该稠环芳香族化合物改善对溶液的溶解度而解决以往蓝光材料所具有的工序的生产性以及费用问题、并且在原有的工序中不是其蒸镀工序而是在其溶液工序中也可以用于制备发光层。
附图说明
图1为本发明的有机电致发光装置的一个底部发光例子的示意图;
图2为本发明的有机电致发光装置的一个顶部发光例子的示意图;
图1、图2中,有机电致发光装置具有基板1、阳极2、阴极8,以及配置于阳极2与阴极8之间的层3~7。其中,在阴极8与发光层5之间配置有空穴阻挡/电子传输层6和电子注入层7,在发光层5与阳极2之间配置有空穴注入3和空穴传输/电子阻挡层4。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明中,制备方法如无特殊说明则均为常规方法。所用的原料如无特别说明均可从公开的商业途径获得,所述百分比如无特殊说明均为质量百分比。本发明提供的一系列新型有机化合物,所有的反应都是在众所周知的适合条件下进行,有些涉及到简单的有机制备,例如苯硼酸衍生物的制备均能通过熟练的操作技能合成,在本发明中没有详细描述。
下述实施例对OLED材料及元件进行性能测试的测试仪器及方法如下:
OLED元件性能检测条件:
亮度和色度坐标:使用光谱扫描仪PhotoResearch PR-715测试;
电流密度和起亮电压:使用数字源表Keithley 2420测试;
功率效率:使用NEWPORT 1931-C测试;
寿命测试:使用LTS-1004AC寿命测试装置。
实施例1
化合物B002的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:化合物Int.-1的制备
在氮气保护下,23.8g(127.0mmol)的间溴苯甲醚溶于300ml干燥的四氢呋喃中,用液氮降温至-78℃,缓慢滴加入56.0ml的2.5M正丁基锂正己烷溶液,搅拌反应1小时,滴加入20.5g(114.0mmol)的间甲氧基苯甲酸乙酯溶于50ml干燥四氢呋喃的溶液,升至室温搅拌反应2小时,加入50ml的饱和氯化铵水溶液,搅拌反应30分钟,分出有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到21.0g黄色固体,收率76%。
第二步:化合物Int.-2的制备
在氮气保护下,12.5g(50.0mmol)第一步制备的Int.-1、200ml干燥的甲苯和33.2g的四溴化碳投入500mL的高压反应釜内,搅拌反应30分钟,加入52.4g的三苯基磷,搅拌升温到150℃反应48小时,冷却到室温,加入100ml的二氯甲烷溶解,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体Int.-2,收率87%。
第三步:化合物Int.-3的制备
取20.0g(50.0mmol)第二步制备的中间体Int.-2与150ml的六甲基磷酰胺混合,在氮气保护下,加入0.12mol的溴化锌乙酸乙酯的四氢呋喃溶液和5.8g的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂,升温至回流搅拌反应3小时,冷却到室温,加入100ml的二氯甲烷和100ml的水,分出有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相再用饱和盐水洗,有机相干燥过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到黄色固体Int.-3,收率55%。
第四步:化合物Int.-4的制备
8.5g(20.0mmol)第三步制备的中间体Int-3和40ml的四氢呋喃、20ml的水,再加入3.4g的氢氧化锂,加热回流反应6小时,冷却到室温,滴加入稀盐酸调到酸性,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,加入40ml的氯化亚砜,升温回流反应2小时,减压浓缩干,得到黄色的固体,无需纯化,直接进行下一步。
第五步:化合物Int.-5的制备
第四步制备的中间体Int.-4溶于80ml的二氯甲烷,在氮气保护下,用冰水浴降温至0℃,分批加入5.3g的无水氯化铝,搅拌反应3小时,升到室温搅拌反应2小时,加入30ml的1M的稀盐酸水溶液,用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,得到褐色固体,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,收率82%。
第六步:化合物Int.-6的制备
14.4g的三苯基磷和50ml的乙腈搅拌溶解,用冰水降温至0℃,缓慢滴加入8.8g的液溴,搅拌反应30分钟,加入8.0g(25.0mmol)第五步制备的中间体Int.-5溶于50ml乙腈的溶液,升温至70℃回流反应1小时,常压蒸除乙腈,继续升温至330~340℃,搅拌反应2小时,冷却到室温,加入100ml的石油醚,过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷溶解,再用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到黄色固体,收率60%。
第七步:化合物Int.-7的制备
10.0g(22.4mmol)第六步制备的中间体Int.-6分散于150ml的四氢呋喃中,加入10ml的三乙胺和1.0g的10%钯/炭,室温常压通入氢气,搅拌反应12小时,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,冲硅胶短柱,得到中间体Int.-7,收率96%。
第八步:化合物Int.-8的制备
5.8g(20.0mmol)第七步制备的中间体Int.-7溶解于80ml的二氯甲烷中,用冰水浴降温至0℃,滴加入11.0g(44.0mmol)三溴化硼,搅拌反应1小时,升到室温,搅拌反应2小时,加入20ml饱和的硫代硫酸钠冰水溶液,分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,固体用乙酸乙酯和石油醚重结晶,得到黄色固体,收率83%。
第九步:化合物Int.-9的制备
3.9g(15.0mmol)第八步制备的中间体Int.-8分散于100ml的NMP中,加入10.5g的无水碳酸钾和5.7g(18.0mmol)的2,6-二氟-4-溴碘苯,再加入1.0g(5.3mmol)的碘化亚铜和3.7g(10.0mmol)的Fe(acac)3升温至150℃,搅拌反应4小时,冷却到室温,加入150ml的乙酸乙酯和50ml的氨水,过滤,滤液用水洗两次,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,再用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,收率65%。
第十步:化合物Int.-10的制备
在氮气保护下,5.0g(9.2mmol)的中间体Int.-9溶解于150ml的干燥二甲苯中,用冰盐浴降温至0℃,滴加入11.2ml的1.0M的异丙基氯化镁四氢呋喃溶液,升到室温搅拌反应1小时,用液氮降温至-40℃,滴加入2.8g(11.1mmol)的三溴化硼,升到室温搅拌反应2小时,加入2.6g的二异丙基乙胺,升温至130℃搅拌反应3小时,降温至0℃,加入10ml的饱和醋酸钠水溶液,过滤,滤饼用水洗,甲醇洗,得到黄色的固体,收率76%。
第十一步:化合物B002的制备
将第十步制备的5mmol化合物Int.-10分散在60ml的甲苯中,加入6.0mmol的二苯胺,再加入1.5g(15.0mmol)的叔丁醇钠、55.0mg(0.05mmol)的Pd2(dba)3催化剂和0.1ml的10%叔丁基磷甲苯溶液,升温至100℃搅拌反应12小时,反应结束后,加入50ml的水,分出有机相,水相用甲苯萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用二氯甲烷和丙酮重结晶,得到B002,黄色固体,MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 510.1679[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.26~8.24(2H,d);7.92~7.90(2H,d);7.69~7.67(2H,d);7.62~7.60(2H,d);7.03~6.98(4H,m);6.72(2H,s);6.62~6.58(2H,m);6.14~6.12(4H,m)。
实施例2
化合物B041的制备:
5.0g(11.8mmol)实施例1中第十步制备的中间体Int.-10、5.3g(14.2mmol)的4-二苯胺基苯硼酸频那醇酯、5.0g(47.0mmol)的无水碳酸钠和0.1g(0.086mmol)的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂混合,再加入80ml的甲苯、40ml的乙醇和30ml的水,在氮气保护下,加热回流反应12小时,冷却到室温,加入30ml的水稀释,用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到浅黄色固体,MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 510.1679[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.26~8.24(2H,d);7.92~7.89(2H,d);7.69~7.67(2H,d);7.64(2H,s);7.63~7.61(2H,d);7.03~6.92(8H,m);6.63~6.59(2H,m);6.21~6.18(4H,m)。
实施例3
化合物B080的制备:
第一步:化合物Int.-30的制备
10.0g(22.4mmol)实施例1中第六步制备的中间体Int.-6分散于150ml的二甲苯中,加入9.1g的二苯胺,再加入5.4g(56.2mmol)的叔丁醇钠、102.6mg(0.11mmol)的Pd2(dba)3催化剂和0.5ml的10%叔丁基磷甲苯溶液,升温至110℃搅拌反应12小时,反应结束后,加入50ml的水,分出有机相,水相用甲苯萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到中间体Int.-30,黄色固体,收率82%。
第二步:化合物Int.-31的制备
参照实施例1中第八步的制备方法,将实施例1中第八步的中间体Int.-7替换为上步制备的中间体Int.-30,制备中间体Int.-31,白色固体。
第三步:化合物Int.-32的制备
参照实施例1中第九步的制备方法,将实施例1中第九步的中间体Int.-8替换为上步制备的中间体Int.-31,将2,6-二氟-4-溴碘苯替换为2,6-二氟溴苯,制备中间体Int.-32,白色固体,收率74%。
第四步:化合物B080的制备
5.0g(6.6mmol)上步制备的中间体Int.-32分散于100ml干燥的叔丁基苯中,在氮气保护下,加入3.2ml的2.5M叔丁基锂,升温至200℃搅拌反应6小时,用液氮降温至-78℃,滴加入2.0g(8.0mmol)三溴化硼,反应1小时后,加入2.2g的二异丙基乙胺,升温至180℃搅拌反应2小时,加入50ml饱和的硫代硫酸钠水溶液,分出有机相,水相用甲苯萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用甲苯重结晶,得到白色固体,收率32%;m/z 677.2416[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):7.76~7.74(2H,d);7.68(2H,s);7.54~7.52(2H,d);7.12~6.99(11H,m);6.63~6.59(4H,m);6.22~6.18(8H,m)。
实施例4
化合物B001、B003~B040、B042~B079、B081~B156的制备:
参照实施例1~3的制备方法,制备化合物B001、B003~B040、B042~B079、B081~B156。
实施例5
化合物B157的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:化合物Int.-50的制备
在氮气保护下,5.0g(19.2mmol)的实施例1中第八步制备的Int.-8溶于80ml干燥的二氯甲烷中,用冰水降温至0℃,加入5.8g(57.5mmol)的三乙胺,搅拌反应半小时,分批加入8.0g(41.9mmol)的对甲苯磺酰氯,搅拌反应1小时,升到室温搅拌反应12小时,加入50ml的1M稀盐酸水溶液,搅拌反应30分钟,分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到白色固体,收率91%。
第二步:化合物Int.-51的制备
6.0g(10.5mmol)第一步制备的中间体Int.-50、3.4g(11.6mmol)的2-氯-N1,N3-二苯基苯-1,3-二胺、13.7g(42.0mmol)的无水碳酸铯和95.0mg(0.42mmol)的Pd(OAc)2催化剂混合,再加入100ml的甲苯和20ml的叔丁醇以及0.5g(1.05mmol)的2-双环己基膦-2’,4’,6’-三异丙基联苯,在氮气保护下,加热升温至110℃搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,加入100ml的水稀释,用二氯甲烷萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到黄色固体,收率75%。
第三步:化合物B157的制备
5.0g(9.6mmol)上步制备的中间体Int.-51分散于50ml干燥的叔丁基苯中,在氮气保护下,加入4.6ml的2.5M叔丁基锂,升温至180℃搅拌反应6小时,用液氮降温至-40℃,滴加入2.9g(11.5mmol)三溴化硼,反应1小时后,加入3.2g的二异丙基乙胺,升温至180℃搅拌反应2小时,加入50ml饱和的硫代硫酸钠水溶液,分出有机相,水相用甲苯萃取,收集有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用甲苯重结晶,得到白色固体,收率42%;m/z493.2718[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.49~8.47(2H,d);7.82~7.76(4H,m);7.59~7.57(2H,d);7.13~7.02(7H,m);6.92~6.89(2H,m);6.81~6.78(4H,m)。
实施例6
化合物B215的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:化合物Int.-60的制备
参照实施例5中第一步的制备方法,将实施例5中第一步的中间体Int.-8替换为实施例3中第二步制备的中间体Int.-31,制备中间体Int.-60,白色固体,收率72%。
第二步:化合物Int.-61的制备
参照实施例5中第二步的制备方法,将实施例5中第二步的中间体Int.-50替换为上步制备的中间体Int.-60,将实施例5中第二步的2-氯-N1,N3-二苯基苯-1,3-二胺替换为4-氯-N3,N5-二苯基-[1,1'-联苯]-3,5-二胺制备中间体Int.-61,黄色固体,收率66%。
第三步:化合物B215的制备
参照实施例5中第三步的制备方法,将实施例5中第三步的中间体Int.-51替换为上步制备的中间体Int.-61,制备化合物B215,黄色固体,收率36%;m/z 903.3675[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):7.96(2H,s);7.87~7.85(2H,d);7.79(2H,s);7.66~7.61(4H,m);7.42~7.40(2H,d);7.38~7.35(1H,m);7.25~7.19(12H,m);7.02~6.99(6H,m);6.97~6.94(12H,m)。
实施例7
化合物B158~B214、B216~B240的制备:
参照实施例5、6的制备方法,制备化合物B158~B214、B216~B240。
实施例8
化合物B241~B270的制备:
参照实施例1的制备方法,将实施例1中第一步的间甲氧基苯甲酸乙酯替换为3-(甲巯基)苯甲酸甲酯,制备化合物B241~B256、B258、B260和B261。
参照实施例1的制备方法,制备化合物B257、B259、B262~B270。
实施例9
一种OLED元件,如图1和图2所示,上述OLED元件的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将涂布了ITO导电层的玻璃基片在清洗剂中超声处理30分钟,在去离子水中冲洗,在丙酮/乙醇混合溶剂中超声30分钟,在洁净的环境下烘烤至完全干燥,用紫外光清洗机照射10分钟,并用低能阳离子束轰击表面。
2)把上述处理好的ITO玻璃基片置于真空腔内,抽真空至1×10-5~9×10-3Pa,在上述阳极层膜上继续分别蒸镀化合物DNTPD作为空穴注入层,蒸镀膜厚为在上述空穴注入层膜上继续蒸镀NPD为空穴传输层,蒸镀膜厚为
3)在空穴传输层上继续蒸镀一层化合物HT202作为电子阻挡层,蒸镀膜厚为
4)在电子阻挡层上继续蒸镀一层本发明的式I所示的稠环化合物和BH011作为有机发光层,其中,BH011为主体材料和本发明的式I所示的稠环化合物为掺杂材料,式I所示的稠环化合物在BH011中的掺杂浓度为5~20%,蒸镀膜厚为
5)在上述有机发光层上再继续蒸镀一层化合物TPBI作为空穴阻挡层,蒸镀膜厚为
6)在上述空穴阻挡层上再继续蒸镀一层化合物LiQ和ET205作为器件的电子传输层,其中,LiQ和ET205的质量比为1:1,蒸镀膜厚为
7)在上述空穴阻挡层上再继续蒸镀一层化合物LiF作为器件的电子传输层,蒸镀膜厚为最后,在上述电子传输层之上蒸镀金属铝作为元件的阴极层,蒸镀膜厚为
上述实施例9中使用的化合物结构如下:
实施例10
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物B002代替化合物式I。
实施例11
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物B080代替化合物式I。
实施例12
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物B083代替化合物式I。
实施例13
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物B157代替化合物式I。
实施例14
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物B174代替化合物式I。
实施例15
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物B191代替化合物式I。
实施例16
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物B192代替化合物式I。
对比例1
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物BD02代替化合物式I。
化合物BD02的结构为:
对比例2
参照实施例9相同的步骤,不同之处在于使用化合物BD10代替化合物式I。
化合物BD10的结构为:
所得有机发光元件的性能检测结果示于下表1中:
表1性能检测结果
上述表1中,在电流密度为10mA/cm2条件下的驱动电压、半峰宽FWHM、电流效率以及在亮度为1000cd/m2初始条件下的器件寿命LT90%的数据是针对比较例1归一化。
结论:从性能测试结果表1可以看到,本发明的化合物作为蓝光染料获得了深蓝光有机电致发光器件,相较于采用BD02或BD10作为蓝光掺杂材料的有机电致发光器件,元件的电流效率更高、驱动电压降低,而且器件初始亮度在1000cd/m2的条件下,器件的LT90%寿命也有了很大的改善。
产业上的应用可能性:本发明的有机电致发光装置可以在壁挂电视、平板显示器、照明等的平面发光体、复印机、打印机、液晶显示器的背光源或计量仪器类等的光源,显示板、标识灯等中应用。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种稠环芳香族化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物的结构通式如式I所示:
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11在每次出现时相同或不同地选自氢、氘、具有C1-C40的直链烷基、具有C1-C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2-C40的烯基或炔基、具有5-60个原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系组成的组;
X1、X2各自独立地选自O、NR、S或Se,所述NR的R为C1-C40的烷基、具有5-60个原子的芳族环或杂芳族环系,另外,所述NR的R可通过连结基或单键而与所述X1、X2的邻位键结成环;
Y表示B。
2.根据权利要求1所述的稠环芳香族化合物,其特征在于,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11在每次出现时相同或不同地选自氢、氘、具有C1-C40的直链烷基、具有C3-C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有5-60个原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系组成的组;
式I所表示的稠环化合物或结构中的至少一个氢可由卤素或重氢取代。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的稠环芳香族化合物,其特征在于,所述稠环芳香族化合物选自如下式B001–式B270所示化合物中的一种:
4.一种有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,由权利要求1~3任一项所述的稠环芳香族化合物制备得到。
5.一种有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括第一电极、第二电极和置于所述第一电极、所述第二电极之间的一个以上的有机层;
所述有机层至少一层包含权利要求1~3任一项所述的稠环芳香族化合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,所述有机层还包括其他的层,所述其他的层选自电子注入层、电子输送层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、空穴输送层、空穴注入层、发光层中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,所述发光层选自如权利要求1~3任一项所述的稠环芳香族化合物、主发光体、掺杂物;
所述主发光体为萘、蒽、芘、苝、菲、荧蒽、苯并蒽和并五苯及其衍生物中的一种或几种;所述掺杂物选自如权利要求1~3任一项所述的稠环芳香族化合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,所述掺杂物与所述主发光体的质量比为1:99~50:50。
9.权利要求1~4任一项所述的稠环芳香族化合物在制备有机电致发光材料中的应用。
10.权利要求1~4任一项所述的稠环芳香族化合物在制备有机电致发光装置中的应用。
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