CN113800648A - In-situ ecological treatment system and method for seawater culture tail water - Google Patents
In-situ ecological treatment system and method for seawater culture tail water Download PDFInfo
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- CN113800648A CN113800648A CN202111199445.3A CN202111199445A CN113800648A CN 113800648 A CN113800648 A CN 113800648A CN 202111199445 A CN202111199445 A CN 202111199445A CN 113800648 A CN113800648 A CN 113800648A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention provides an in-situ ecological treatment system and method for a marine culture tail water discharge channel, belonging to the technical field of culture wastewater treatment, wherein the in-situ ecological treatment system is arranged in the marine culture tail water discharge channel and comprises a composite biological purification filter bed, a plug-flow aeration device, a biological carrier component and an ecological floating bed; the composite biological purification filter bed is arranged at the position, adjacent to the revetment, of two sides of the discharge ditch; 2-4 layers of filter bed substrates are arranged on the composite biological purification filter bed from the bottom of water; the plug flow aeration equipment is hollow, and is arranged at a position 0.5-1 m below the water surface along the water flow direction; and salt-tolerant plants are planted on the ecological floating bed. According to the invention, the pollutant purification function of indigenous microbial flora is activated in the discharge channel, and salt-tolerant plants are combined, so that pollutants in the seawater culture tail water are removed, the ecological environment of the discharge channel is restored in situ, and the tail water is discharged into the sea after reaching the standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to an in-situ ecological treatment system and method for mariculture tail water.
Background
In recent years, the mariculture industry in our country is rapidly developing towards intensification, but with the rapid development of the mariculture industry, the risk of environmental pollution is correspondingly increased. The mariculture wastewater contains residual bait, animal excrement and other pollutants, and if the mariculture wastewater is not treated and is randomly discharged, the dissolved oxygen in the environmental water body is reduced, the content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like in the water is increased, a large amount of bacteria, microorganisms and the like are bred, and the water body eutrophication is caused. At present, facilities and equipment of most factory mariculture bases in China are lagged, the standardization and the automation degree are low, and waste water and solid waste treatment facilities are not built or are built after reconstruction, but corresponding effective standard treatment technologies are lacked, so most of waste generated in the culture period is directly discharged into a water body environment. When a large amount of tail water containing undigested feed and fish excrement is directly discharged into a receiving water body or is discharged into the receiving water body beyond the standard, the water body and the benthic environment near a culture area are deteriorated, so that not only is a great negative influence brought to the environment, but also the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry is limited.
Most of the related aquaculture wastewater treatment technologies are focused on freshwater aquaculture, but the seawater aquaculture tail water has high salinity, so that the tail water treatment process of freshwater aquaculture cannot be directly applied, and a corresponding technology needs to be developed according to the characteristics of the seawater aquaculture tail water. Chinese patent CN 113200609A, "sunken Z-shaped settling channel-composite ecological filtering dam system and culture tail water treatment method" is an ecological treatment method for freshwater culture tail water.
The seawater culture wastewater has good biodegradability, and the biological treatment method has the advantages of low cost, no secondary pollution and the like, but the biochemical reaction system is slowly started and has a longer period due to the salinity effect, the pollutant removal effect is not ideal, and particularly the treatment effect on nitrogen and phosphorus is poor. Chinese patent CN 113023926A, "a tail water treatment system and method for large-scale mariculture," adopts a tail water treatment structure, a secondary sedimentation structure and a filtering structure. Chinese patent CN 110002675A, a prawn mariculture tail water treatment system, is directed at the treatment process of seawater prawn culture wastewater, and adopts conventional biochemical pond treatment units such as an anaerobic fermentation pond, a combined purification pond and an ecological wetland. Chinese patent CN 106186548A, a mariculture wastewater treatment system and method, adopts an inclined plate sedimentation tank and a three-section type nitrogen and phosphorus removal tank. The process needs to construct a plurality of structural units, increases construction cost and land use in practical application, and is not beneficial to popularization and application.
In the drainage channel of the large-scale mariculture area, an in-situ ecological treatment technology can be adopted, pollutants in mariculture tail water can be removed in the drainage channel, the ecological environment of the drainage channel is restored in situ, and the tail water is discharged to the sea after reaching the standard. Chinese patent CN 101264980A, "a mariculture environment multi-state-position bioremediation method", is to put beneficial bacteria, filter and feed fishes, large-scale seaweed and the like into a mariculture wastewater discharge ditch to form ecological positions of different organisms, and to perform water quality purification and environment remediation on the discharge ditch. A large amount of exogenous microorganisms are added in the technology, but if the environmental conditions such as dissolved oxygen, flow velocity and the like of a water body are not changed, exogenous beneficial bacteria are difficult to form dominant flora, the stability is poor, and the cost is increased and the environmental risk is also caused by adding the exogenous microorganisms.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an in-situ ecological treatment system and method for seawater culture tail water, which can be suitable for the water quality characteristics of the seawater culture tail water and the actual situation of tail water discharge channels in industrial seawater culture areas, and can remove pollutants in the seawater culture tail water by activating the pollution cleaning function of indigenous microbial flora in the discharge channels and combining with salt-tolerant plants, repair the ecological environment of the discharge channels in situ, and discharge the tail water into the sea after reaching standards.
The invention provides an in-situ ecological treatment system for tail water of mariculture, which is arranged in a discharge ditch of the tail water of the mariculture, and comprises a composite biological purification filter bed, a plug-flow aeration device, a biological carrier component and an ecological floating bed;
the composite biological purification filter bed is arranged at the position, adjacent to the revetment, of two sides of the discharge ditch; 2-4 layers of filter bed substrates are arranged on the composite biological purification filter bed from the bottom of water;
the plug flow aeration equipment is hollow, and is arranged at a position 0.5-1 m below the water surface along the water flow direction;
the biological carrier assembly comprises a plurality of cylindrical bin body structures, and each cylindrical bin body structure comprises an outer net and an inner filling material; the outer net is made of polyurethane, and the internal filling material is polyurethane sponge filler;
and salt-tolerant plants are planted on the ecological floating bed.
Preferably, the height of the composite biological purification filter bed is 85-115 cm, and the width of the composite biological purification filter bed is 1.5-2.5 m.
Preferably, 3 layers of filter bed substrates are arranged on the composite biological purification filter bed from the bottom, namely a bottom layer, a middle layer and an upper layer in sequence, wherein the filter bed substrate on the bottom layer is cobblestones, and the particle size of the cobblestones is 30-50 mm; the filter bed substrate of the middle layer is first ceramsite, and the particle size of the first ceramsite is 5-8 mm; the filter bed substrate on the upper layer is second ceramsite, and the particle size of the second ceramsite is 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the direction parallel to the water flow is longitudinal, the direction perpendicular to the water flow is transverse, the push flow aeration equipment is arranged in an area from a transverse central line to a position 3-5 m away from two bank sides of the drainage ditch, the distance between two longitudinally adjacent push flow aeration equipment is 80-100 m, and the distance between two transversely adjacent push flow aeration equipment is 5-10 m.
Preferably, the cylindrical bin body structures are transversely fixed in a plurality of rows at the bottom of the discharge channel, the interval between two adjacent cylindrical bin body structures in each row is 1-4 m, and the interval between two adjacent rows is 1-2 m.
Preferably, the diameter of the cylindrical bin body structure is 0.6-0.8 m, and the length of the cylindrical bin body structure is 1.5-2.5 m.
Preferably, the arrangement area of the ecological floating bed accounts for 5-15% of the water area of the drainage channel.
Preferably, the salt tolerant plants comprise suaeda glauca and suaeda glauca.
The invention provides a method for treating tail water of mariculture by using an in-situ ecological treatment system, which comprises the following steps:
1) the in-situ ecological treatment system is arranged in a discharge ditch of the tail water of the mariculture;
2) discharging mariculture tail water into the discharge ditch, starting plug flow aeration equipment, planting salt-tolerant plants on the biological floating bed, hanging membranes on the biological carrier component, and completing operation and debugging within 25-35 days;
3) and adjusting the flow speed of inlet and outlet water of the discharge channel, and finishing the treatment of the mariculture tail water when the mariculture tail water flows through the discharge channel to reach the discharge port.
Preferably, during the treatment of the tail water of the marine culture, the method also comprises the step of adding a mineral water purifying agent into the discharge ditch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention realizes the in-situ purification of the seawater culture tail water and the ecological restoration of the drainage ditch water by utilizing the existing conditions of the seawater culture tail water drainage ditch without newly building a building. The invention purifies water quality mainly by improving the water ecological environment, providing conditions suitable for dissolved oxygen, attachment and formation of diversified flora for growth and propagation of indigenous microorganisms, activating the purification function of the indigenous microorganisms, recovering the self-purification capacity of the water body, and not needing to add microbial agents from an external source; meanwhile, the pollutants in the seawater culture tail water are removed by combining with salt-tolerant plants.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a layout diagram of an in-situ ecological treatment system for tail water of mariculture in example 1, wherein 1 is a revetment, 2 is a composite biological purification filter bed, 3 is a water inlet, 4 is a settling zone, 5 is a bio-carrier assembly, 6 is a plug-flow aeration device, 7 is an ecological floating bed, and 8 is a sluice;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of a plug flow aeration apparatus, the direction of the arrows being the direction of water flow;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of bio-carrier modules, wherein 1 is a normal water level and 2 is a bottom of a drainage channel;
fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the cylindrical cartridge body structure.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an in-situ ecological treatment system for tail water of mariculture, which is arranged in a discharge ditch of the tail water of the mariculture, and comprises a composite biological purification filter bed, a plug-flow aeration device, a biological carrier component and an ecological floating bed; the composite biological purification filter bed is arranged at the position, adjacent to the revetment, of two sides of the discharge ditch; 2-4 layers of filter bed substrates are arranged on the composite biological purification filter bed from the bottom of water; the plug flow aeration equipment is hollow, and is arranged at a position 0.5-1 m below the water surface along the water flow direction; the biological carrier assembly comprises a plurality of cylindrical bin body structures, and each cylindrical bin body structure comprises an outer net and an inner filling material; the outer net is made of polyurethane, and the internal filling material is polyurethane sponge filler; and salt-tolerant plants are planted on the ecological floating bed.
In the invention, the in-situ ecological treatment system comprises a composite biological purification filter bed, wherein the height of the composite biological purification filter bed is 85-115 cm, preferably 90-110 cm, further preferably 95-105 cm, and most preferably 100 cm; the width of the composite biological purification filter bed is preferably 1.5-2.5 m, more preferably 1.8-2.2 m, and most preferably 2.0 m. The length of the composite biological purification filter bed is not specially limited, and is determined according to the length of a discharge ditch; preferably 95% to 100%, more preferably 99% to 99.9% of the total length of the drain trench.
In the invention, 3 layers of filter bed substrates are preferably arranged on the composite biological purification filter bed from the bottom, namely a bottom layer, a middle layer and an upper layer in sequence, wherein the filter bed substrate of the bottom layer is cobblestone, and the particle size of the cobblestone is 30-50 mm, preferably 35-45 mm; the preferred stacking density of the cobblestones is 2.5-3.0 g/cm3More preferably 2.6 to 2.7g/cm3(ii) a The filling height of the cobblestones is preferably 8-12 cm, more preferably 9-11 cm, and most preferably 10 cm. The medium layer of the filter bed is first ceramsite, the particle size of the first ceramsite is preferably 5-8 mm, more preferably 6-7 mm, and the density of the first ceramsite is preferably 1.8-2.0 g/cm3More preferably 1.85 to 1.95g/cm3(ii) a The porosity of the first ceramsite is preferably 30-75%, and more preferably 55-75%; the filling height of the first ceramsite is preferably 65-75 cm, more preferably 68-72 cm, and most preferably 70 cm; the filter bed substrate on the upper layer is second ceramsite, and the particle size of the second ceramsite is preferably 3-5 mm, and more preferably 3.5-4.5 mm; the density of the second ceramsite is preferably 1.4-1.8 g/cm3More preferably 1.5 to 1.7g/cm3(ii) a The porosity of the second ceramsite is preferably 30-75%, and more preferably 55-75%; the filling height of the second ceramsite is preferably 15-25 cm, more preferably 18-22 cm, and most preferably 20 cm.
In the invention, the composite biological purification filter bed can filter suspended matters, can also enable the intercepted suspended particles to provide nutrition for indigenous microorganisms, and starts the proliferation of the microorganisms on the basis of oxygen increasing conditions to finally form a dominant microbial community to form a microorganism-matrix composite purification system.
In the invention, the in-situ ecological treatment system comprises the plug-flow aeration equipment, the plug-flow aeration equipment is hollow, water flow can run through the plug-flow aeration equipment from front to back, and the water-blocking cross section area is small. In the invention, the plug flow aeration equipment is arranged at a position 0.5-1 m below the water surface along the water flow direction, preferably at a position 0.6-0.9 m below the water surface; the number of the push flow aeration devicesPreferably 2 to 10, and preferably 3 to 8. The direction parallel to the water flow is longitudinal, the direction perpendicular to the water flow is transverse, the push flow aeration equipment is arranged in an area from a transverse central line to a position 3-5 m away from two bank sides of the drainage ditch, and the distance between two longitudinally adjacent push flow aeration equipment is preferably 80-100 m, more preferably 85-95 m, and most preferably 90 m; the distance between two adjacent horizontal push flow aeration devices is preferably 5-10 m, and more preferably 6-9 m. In the invention, the length of the aeration plug flow device is preferably 2.3-2.5 m, more preferably 2.4m, the width is preferably 0.4-0.7 m, more preferably 0.5-0.6 m, and the height is preferably 0.3-0.5 m, more preferably 0.4 m; the weight of the aeration plug-flow equipment is preferably 78-82 kg, and the water-blocking cross-sectional area of the aeration plug-flow equipment is preferably 0.01m2. In the implementation process of the invention, the plug flow aeration device is preferably a submersible plug flow aerator, and the plug flow aeration device is preferably H-SYJ-150 (A).
In the invention, the plug flow aeration equipment can realize the rapid exchange of water bodies to form a flowing form similar to 'running water'; and the oxygen can be oxygenated for the water body, dissolved oxygen required by the growth and the propagation of microorganisms and plants is provided, a basic environment for water ecological restoration is formed, and the basic conditions for restoring the self-purification capacity of the water body are provided.
In the invention, the in-situ ecological treatment system comprises a biological carrier assembly, the biological carrier assembly comprises a plurality of cylindrical bin body structures, a plurality of rows of the cylindrical bin body structures are transversely fixed in a discharge ditch, the number of each row of the cylindrical bin body structures is preferably 4-6, more preferably 5, and the distance between two adjacent rows of the cylindrical bin body structures is preferably 1-2 m. In the present invention, the diameter of the cylindrical cartridge body structure is preferably from 0.6 to 0.8m, more preferably from 0.65 to 0.75m, and most preferably 0.7m, and the length of the cylindrical cartridge body structure is preferably from 1.5 to 2.5m, more preferably from 1.8 to 2.2m, and most preferably 2.0 m.
In the invention, the outer net of the cylindrical bin body structure is made of polyurethane, is preferably spliced water-permeable meshes, has good water permeability and is not easy to block, and can prevent large objects in natural water from entering the filling combined filler to protect the formed biological membrane. The filler of the cylindrical bin body structure is polyurethane sponge filler, aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms can be effectively distributed, the aerobic microorganisms are gradually transited to the facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the filler inner layer from the filler outer layer, reproduction and amplification of indigenous microorganisms in the water body are promoted, and pollutants in the water body are further effectively decomposed. The biological carrier component can be flexibly arranged at different positions of the discharge channel and different depths of the water body so as to meet the requirement of amplifying indigenous microorganisms.
In the invention, the in-situ ecological treatment system also comprises ecological floating beds, and the number of the ecological floating beds is preferably 5-20 groups, more preferably 8-15 groups, and most preferably 10-12 groups. In the invention, the ecological floating bed preferably consists of an ecological floating plate, an ecological planting basket, planting media and a connecting buckle; in the invention, the material of the ecological floating plate is preferably a high-density polyethylene plate HDPE, and the ecological floating plate has the advantages of convenience in installation and placement, flexibility in splicing, simplicity and convenience in fixing, aging resistance, long service life and good air permeability; the ecological planting basket is made of PP (polypropylene), is used for planting salt-tolerant plants, and is provided with a large opening at the bottom to ensure the growth space of a plant root system; the planting medium is filled in the ecological planting basket, and the material of the planting medium is preferably environment-friendly sponge, so that the planting medium has good water absorption and air permeability; in the invention, each floating bed preferably comprises 5-15 ecological floating plates, more preferably 8-12 ecological floating plates, in the specific implementation process, preferably 9 ecological floating plates are arranged in a three-transverse three-longitudinal mode, the ecological floating plates are preferably connected through connecting buckles, the connecting buckles are preferably made of PE, the ecological floating bed is durable and stable in connection, and the stability of the ecological floating bed is enhanced.
In the present invention, the salt tolerant plants preferably include suaeda glauca and suaeda glauca; the planting density of the salt-tolerant plants is preferably 8-12 plants/m2More preferably 9 to 11 strains/m2。
In the invention, the ecological floating bed absorbs nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in the water body through the plant root system, meanwhile, the plant root system has huge surface area and changes local dissolved oxygen environment, so that a good fixation carrier can be provided for the growth of indigenous microorganisms in the water body, the ecological floating bed plays a role of a biological membrane carrier, and organic pollutants and other nutrients in the sewage are effectively removed through the decomposition and anabolism of the microorganisms.
The invention also provides a method for treating the tail water of the mariculture by using the in-situ ecological treatment system, which comprises the following steps:
1) the in-situ ecological treatment system is arranged in a discharge ditch of the tail water of the mariculture;
2) discharging mariculture tail water into the discharge ditch, starting plug flow aeration equipment, planting salt-tolerant plants on the biological floating bed, hanging membranes on the biological carrier component, and completing operation and debugging within 25-35 days;
3) and adjusting the flow speed of inlet and outlet water of the discharge channel, and finishing the treatment of the mariculture tail water when the mariculture tail water flows through the discharge channel to reach the discharge port.
Firstly, arranging the in-situ ecological treatment system in a discharge ditch of the tail water of the mariculture; the invention has no special limitation on the arrangement sequence of the composite biological purification filter bed, the plug flow aeration equipment, the biological carrier component and the ecological floating bed in the in-situ ecological treatment system, and the in-situ ecological treatment system can be obtained by arrangement.
The invention carries out operation debugging after the in-situ ecological treatment system is laid. In the invention, the running and debugging time is preferably 28-32 days, more preferably 29-31 days, and most preferably 30 days; the operation and debugging comprises the steps of discharging mariculture tail water into the discharge ditch, starting plug flow aeration equipment, planting salt-tolerant plants on the biological floating bed, and hanging membranes on the biological carrier component. In the invention, the push flow aeration equipment preferably runs intermittently, specifically runs for 6-10 h every day, and preferably runs for 8 h; the push flow aeration apparatus preferably operates during the day. In the invention, the biological carrier component adopts a natural film hanging mode to hang the film.
In the process of treating the tail water of the mariculture, the invention is preferably usedAlso comprises adding a mineral water purifying agent into the discharge ditch. In the invention, the discharge amount and the water quality of tail water of mariculture fluctuate with the change of a culture period, and when the water quantity suddenly increases or the quality of inlet water obviously deteriorates, a mineral water purifying agent is preferably added in an auxiliary way to promote the sedimentation of suspended matters and provide an environment for attachment and proliferation of indigenous microorganisms after sedimentation. In the present invention, the mineral water purifying agent is preferably a natural mineral, and specifically, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, attapulgite, a modified diatomaceous earth, a modified zeolite, or a modified attapulgite may be selected. In the invention, the mineral water purifying agent is preferably added by a wet method, and is prepared into a solution in advance and then sprayed into a discharge ditch. In the invention, when the mineral water purifying agent is diatomite, the using amount of the diatomite is preferably 8-12 g/m3More preferably 9 to 11g/m3Most preferably 10g/m3. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the mineral water purifying agent is preferably added by adopting a portable special agent spraying device, the portable special agent spraying device consists of a medicine dissolving tank, two hemispherical spraying heads, a double-handle manual pressurizing device and a metering device, and the adding work of the mineral water purifying agent can be flexibly carried out; the portable special medicament spraying device can also be arranged on a work ship, and the work ship is used for storing mineral water purifying agent solution to implement the feeding work in a wider range.
After the operation and debugging are finished, the flow speed of the inlet water and the outlet water of the discharge channel is adjusted, and the treatment of the mariculture tail water is finished when the mariculture tail water flows through the discharge channel to reach the discharge port. The flow velocity of inlet and outlet water of the drainage ditch is not specially limited, and the quality of outlet water can meet the drainage requirement.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In a Shandong-nutrient seawater shrimp farming plant, the culture tail water is discharged into a discharge ditch through a water outlet, and the water inflow of the discharge ditch is 3000m per day3In situ ecologyThe water quality purification treatment is carried out by the treatment system. The designed length of the in-situ ecological treatment system is 241m, the designed width is 30m, and the designed water depth is 1.5-2 m. The following facilities are arranged:
(1) plug flow aeration component
Component material: stainless steel material;
the size of the assembly is as follows: 2.4m long, 0.4-0.7 m wide, 0.4m high, 80kg heavy and 1.2m plane area2The interior of the water-blocking pipe is hollow, water flow can run through the water-blocking pipe from front to back, and the area of the water-blocking section is only 0.01m2The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 parameters of plug flow aeration assemblies
And arranging the push flow aeration equipment components in the selected treatment range in a mode of two transverse sides and two longitudinal sides, wherein the distance between the longitudinal equipment components is 90m, the distance between the transverse equipment components is 7.5m, and the distance between each equipment component and the offshore side is 4 m.
The number of components: 4, performing surface treatment;
the fixing mode is as follows: fixing a bracket or piling;
and (3) laying depth: 0.5-1 m below the water surface;
laying direction: in line with the direction of the water flow.
(2) Biological carrier assembly
Parameters are as follows: the shape is a cylindrical bin body structure, the length is 2m, and the diameter is 0.8 m; the outer net is made of polyurethane material, and the filling material in the net is polyurethane sponge filler;
the arrangement mode is as follows: the cylindrical bin bodies are horizontally fixed at the bottom of the drainage channel side by side, the number of the cylindrical bin body structures in each row is 5, and the row spacing is 1.5 m; total number of cylindrical cartridge body structures: 330 pieces of the feed.
(3) Composite biological purification filter bed
The filter bed matrix material is divided into three layers as follows:
bottom layer: cobblestones with particle size of 30-50 mm and bulk density of 2.66g/cm3The filling height is 10 cm;
the middle part: ceramsite with the particle size of 5-8 mm and the density of 1.8-2.0 g/cm3The porosity is more than or equal to 55 percent, and the filling height is 70 cm;
and (3) upper layer: ceramsite with the grain diameter of 3-5 mm and the density of 1.4-1.8 g/cm3The porosity is more than or equal to 55 percent, and the filling height is 20 cm.
The laying scheme is as follows: the filter bed substrate is laid on the bed layers at the middle section of the discharge channel and at the position 15m away from the center of the discharge channel, 240m thick smooth cobblestones with the diameter of 30-50 mm, ceramsite with the diameter of about 5-8 mm and ceramsite with the diameter of about 3-5 mm are laid on the two sides of the discharge channel along the water flow direction respectively, and the height of the filter bed substrate is 1m, the width of the filter bed substrate is 2m, and the filter bed substrate is composed of smooth cobblestones with the diameter of 30-50 mm, ceramsite with the diameter of about 5-8 mm and ceramsite with the diameter of about 3-5 mm from bottom to top. The total amount of the laid substrate is 960m3。
(4) Ecological floating bed
The ecological floating bed consists of an ecological floating plate, an ecological planting basket, planting media and a connecting buckle;
the ecological floating plate is made of a high-density polyethylene plate HDPE, is convenient to install and put in, flexible to splice, simple and convenient to fix, ageing-resistant, long in service life and good in air permeability;
the ecological planting basket is made of PP, and the bottom of the ecological planting basket is designed to be large in opening, so that the growth space of a plant root system is ensured;
the planting medium is made of environment-friendly sponge, and has good water absorption and air permeability;
the connecting buckle is made of PE, is durable and stable in connection, and enhances the stability of the ecological floating bed;
specification of the ecological floating bed assembly: 330X 65 mm.
Ecological floating bed plants: salicornia herbacea and Suaeda salsa.
The laying scheme is as follows: laying two sides of an ecological floating bed treatment area;
the number of the ecological floating bed units is as follows: totally 10 ecological floating bed units, wherein the area of each ecological floating bed unit is 65m2；
The total area of the ecological floating bed is as follows: 650m2；
Density of salt-tolerant plants: 10 strains/m2；
The total amount of salt-tolerant plants: 6500 strain.
(5) Mineral water purifying agent
Adopts diatomite asAdding mineral water purifying agent by wet method, preparing diatomite solution in advance, and spraying into discharge channel to make the content of diatomite in water reach 10g/m3。
The portable special medicament spraying device 2 is provided, the device comprises a medicament dissolving tank, two hemispherical spraying heads, a double-handle manual type supercharging device, a metering device and the like, can flexibly spray, and can also be arranged on a work ship to store medicament solution and carry out wider spraying work.
After the installation is finished, the operation and debugging are carried out for 30 days, the biofilm formation of the biological carrier is finished, and the floating bed plant grows well. After the culture tail water is treated by the system, the water quality is stable and reaches that the suspended matter is less than or equal to 40mg/L and the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)5) Less than or equal to 10mg/L, and less than or equal to 1.00mg/L of inorganic nitrogen (counted by N), wherein the specific parameters are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of tail water treatment for mariculture
According to the embodiment, the in-situ ecological treatment system and the method for the seawater culture tail water provided by the invention can be suitable for the water quality characteristics of the seawater culture tail water and the actual situation of the tail water discharge channel of an industrial seawater culture area, and the pollutant removal in the seawater culture tail water is realized by activating the pollution cleaning function of indigenous microbial flora and combining salt-tolerant plants in the discharge channel, so that the ecological environment of the discharge channel is repaired in situ, and the tail water is discharged to the sea after reaching the standard.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-situ ecological treatment system for tail water of mariculture is characterized in that the in-situ ecological treatment system is arranged in a discharge ditch of the tail water of the mariculture and comprises a composite biological purification filter bed, a plug-flow aeration device, a biological carrier assembly and an ecological floating bed;
the composite biological purification filter bed is arranged at the position, adjacent to the revetment, of two sides of the discharge ditch; 2-4 layers of filter bed substrates are arranged on the composite biological purification filter bed from the bottom of water;
the plug flow aeration equipment is hollow, and is arranged at a position 0.5-1 m below the water surface along the water flow direction;
the biological carrier assembly comprises a plurality of cylindrical bin body structures, and each cylindrical bin body structure comprises an outer net and an inner filling material; the outer net is made of polyurethane, and the internal filling material is polyurethane sponge filler;
and salt-tolerant plants are planted on the ecological floating bed.
2. The in-situ ecological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the height of the composite biological purification filter bed is 85-115 cm, and the width of the composite biological purification filter bed is 1.5-2.5 m.
3. The in-situ ecological treatment system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite biological purification filter bed is provided with 3 layers of filter bed substrates from bottom to top, namely a bottom layer, a middle layer and an upper layer in sequence, wherein the filter bed substrate of the bottom layer is cobblestones, and the particle size of the cobblestones is 30-50 mm; the filter bed substrate of the middle layer is first ceramsite, and the particle size of the first ceramsite is 5-8 mm; the filter bed substrate on the upper layer is second ceramsite, and the particle size of the second ceramsite is 3-5 mm.
4. The in-situ ecological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the direction parallel to the water flow is a longitudinal direction, the direction perpendicular to the water flow is a transverse direction, the push flow aeration devices are arranged in a region from a transverse center line to a position 3-5 m away from two bank sides of the discharge ditch, the distance between two longitudinally adjacent push flow aeration devices is 80-100 m, and the distance between two transversely adjacent push flow aeration devices is 5-10 m.
5. The in-situ ecological treatment system of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical bin structures are fixed in rows transversely at the bottom of the discharge ditch, and the interval between two adjacent cylindrical bin structures in each row is 1-4 m, and the interval between two adjacent rows is 1-2 m.
6. The in situ ecological treatment system of claim 1 or 5, wherein the cylindrical cartridge body structure has a diameter of 0.6-0.8 m and a length of 1.5-2.5 m.
7. The in-situ ecological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the ecological floating bed is arranged in an area which accounts for 5-15% of the water area of the drainage channel.
8. The in situ ecological treatment system according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the salt tolerant plants comprise suaeda glauca and suaeda glauca.
9. The method for treating the tail water of the marine culture by using the in-situ ecological treatment system of any one of claims 1 to 8 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the in-situ ecological treatment system of any one of claims 1 to 8 is arranged in a discharge ditch of the tail water of the marine culture;
2) discharging mariculture tail water into the discharge ditch, starting plug flow aeration equipment, planting salt-tolerant plants on the biological floating bed, hanging membranes on the biological carrier component, and completing operation and debugging within 25-35 days;
3) and adjusting the flow speed of inlet and outlet water of the discharge channel, and finishing the treatment of the mariculture tail water when the mariculture tail water flows through the discharge channel to reach the discharge port.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the mariculture tail water treatment process further comprises adding a mineral water purifying agent to the discharge ditch.
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