CN113799449A - Composite damping plate for low-medium frequency noise reduction and switching - Google Patents

Composite damping plate for low-medium frequency noise reduction and switching Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113799449A
CN113799449A CN202111090179.0A CN202111090179A CN113799449A CN 113799449 A CN113799449 A CN 113799449A CN 202111090179 A CN202111090179 A CN 202111090179A CN 113799449 A CN113799449 A CN 113799449A
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composite
noise reduction
mass
damping plate
strips
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CN113799449B (en
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郑莉莉
路宽
任香苇
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Shenzhen Fixed Star Technology Co ltd
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Wuxi Xige Sound Technology Co ltd
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/18—Internal lining, e.g. insulating
    • B61D17/185—Internal lining, e.g. insulating for sound insulating
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
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    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/40—Sound or heat insulation, e.g. using insulation blankets
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
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    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/10—Trains
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/12—Ships
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a composite damping plate for switching noise reduction at medium and low frequencies, which comprises: mass strips, sticky elastic film layers and composite layers; the mass strips are arranged in a ring shape and are arranged in groups in concentric circles, the peripheries of the mass strips are wrapped with and wound with the electrically sensitive expansion strips, the electrically sensitive expansion strips are connected with a circuit controller through a lead, and the mass strips are bonded through the sticky elastic film layer in a pouring mode; the composite layers are positioned on the outer sides of the composite damping plates and are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the composite layers are correspondingly pressed with the two sides of the viscous elastic film layer through viscous-state damping rubber materials respectively; the electrically sensitive expansion strips change the surface tension of the viscous elastic film layer between the adjacent mass strips in an electrified expansion mode. The invention discloses a composite damping plate for switching noise reduction of medium and low frequencies, which can reduce noise of different frequencies and improve noise reduction performance and noise reduction effect.

Description

Composite damping plate for low-medium frequency noise reduction and switching
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of acoustic metamaterials, in particular to a composite damping plate for switching low-medium frequency noise reduction.
Background
The problems of low-frequency vibration and noise generally exist in equipment such as automobiles, trains, airplanes, ships and the like, and because the low-frequency vibration and noise have slow attenuation and strong penetrating power, the low-frequency vibration and noise are difficult to block and control, the performance exertion and riding comfort of the equipment are severely restricted, and even the operation of the equipment and the health and life safety of passengers are directly influenced.
The acoustic metamaterial is an artificial sub-wavelength structure with negative equivalent mass density or negative equivalent modulus, in 2000, the band gap frequency of a common phononic crystal is reduced by two orders of magnitude, the limit value of Bragg scattering is broken through, the purpose of controlling large wavelength in small size is achieved, and a new way and a new method are developed for low-frequency research. And the local resonance unit is introduced at a low frequency to realize equivalent negative mass density. At low frequencies, motion detuning occurs, while at the same time a forbidden band is created at low frequencies as the transducer motion can absorb the energy transferred by the sound waves. Therefore, acoustic metamaterials are a very good choice for isolating low and mid-frequency vibrations from noise.
The processing mode to reducing low frequency vibration and noise selects sound insulation material and damping material mostly among the prior art and realizes through the conversion to acoustic energy, but, traditional material is when isolation sound wave and vibration, generally needs the thickness size and the sound wave wavelength phase-match of sound insulation material part, and the longer the sound wave wavelength is, and the thickness of required sound insulation material is also thicker more, and its sound insulation ability of some metal materials is good, but with too high costs, too thick and heavy, is difficult to use in a flexible way. The existing damping material can play a role in clearing low-frequency noise, but has a single effect, and in the face of noise with different frequencies, the existing damping plate has the defects of insufficient frequency reduction and noise reduction capacity and poor noise elimination effect, or has single noise reduction frequency, and the noise treatment effect is good only under certain frequency.
In view of the above, there is a need for an improved noise reduction structure in the prior art to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a composite damping plate for switching low-medium frequency noise reduction, which can reduce noise of different frequencies and improve the noise reduction performance and the noise reduction effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a composite damping plate for switching noise reduction at low and medium frequencies, comprising: mass strips, sticky elastic film layers and composite layers;
the mass strips are annular and are arranged in groups in concentric circles, the peripheral edges of the mass strips are wrapped and wound with the electrically sensitive expansion strips, the inner sides of the mass blocks are provided with constraint layers, the electrically sensitive expansion strips are connected with a circuit controller through wires, and the mass strips are bonded through the adhesive elastic film layers in a pouring mode;
the composite layers are positioned on the outer sides of the composite damping plates and are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the composite layers are correspondingly pressed with the two sides of the viscous elastic film layer through viscous-state damping rubber materials respectively;
the electrically sensitive expansion strips change the surface tension of the viscous elastic film layer between the adjacent mass strips in an electrified expansion mode.
As a further improvement of the invention, at least 3 of the mass strips form a group of concentric circles, and the concentric circles are arrayed in a structural form.
As a further improvement of the invention, the inner diameter of the mass bar positioned at the outermost end of the concentric circles is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the through hole.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mass bar is made of a metal material, in particular a neodymium iron boron magnet.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the through hole has a tapered structure which expands outward from a side close to the viscoelastic film layer.
As a further improvement of the invention, the composite layer is coated with sound-absorbing coating material on the outer side.
As a further improvement of the invention, the sound absorption coating material comprises one or more of graphite, hollow micro powder and aluminum oxide powder in combination with silicon rubber.
As a further refinement of the invention, the thickness of the visco-elastic film layer is 1/4 times the thickness of the mass strip.
As a further improvement of the invention, the visco-elastic film layer is prepared by boiling one or a combination of any more of nitrile rubber, silicon rubber or compound rubber.
As a further improvement of the invention, the composite layer is composed of multiple layers of fiber materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the utility model provides a compound damping plate of switching of making an uproar falls in well low frequency, adopt quality strip and the array structure that glues the glutinous elasticity thin layer and constitute two-dimentional periodic arrangement, through the sensitive expansion strip of one deck electricity of periphery marginal end cladding at quality strip, utilize the mode that sensitive expansion strip expands under the on-state, change the volume of quality strip, thereby change the surface tension and the marginal prestressing force of the glutinous elasticity thin layer at quality strip edge, can effectual improvement compound damping plate's sound insulation coefficient, the frequency that the loss peak value of sound corresponds moves to well low frequency, secondly along with the change to gluing the surface tension of elasticity thin layer and marginal prestressing force, the peak value of sound absorption coefficient increases, can carry out effective sound absorption to the peak value of multiple frequency.
(2) The mass strips are in a circular ring shape and are arranged in a group of three concentric circles, the noise treatment effect of the composite damping plate on a first peak value is improved, the composite layers are arranged on two sides of the composite damping plate and are provided with a plurality of through holes, firstly, the composite layers positioned on the outer sides of the composite damping plate can effectively perform the pretreatment function on noise, sound absorption coating materials are laid on the outer sides of the composite layers and comprise graphite, hollow micro powder and the combination of one or more of aluminum oxide powder and silicon rubber, in addition, the composite layers are made of multilayer fiber materials and have good sound absorption performance, the plurality of through holes can weaken and decompose the noise, the heat energy is lost by utilizing the viscosity and the friction resistance of air, the resistive sound absorption is achieved, and meanwhile, the through holes are in an enlarged conical structure from one side close to the viscous elastic film layer to the outer side, the conical structure has the best sound absorption effect; the inner diameter of the mass strip positioned at the outermost end of the concentric circles is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the through hole, namely, one through hole at least corresponds to the mass strip group arranged in one concentric circle, noise reaches the mass strip group and the sticky elastic film layer, the mass strip is higher in rigidity, so that the amplitude is smaller, the sticky elastic film layer is larger in vibration amplitude relative to the mass strip, the sticky elastic film layer can realize conversion of sound energy, the sound energy is effectively converted into kinetic energy, and the effects of sound absorption and noise reduction are achieved.
(3) The utility model provides a compound damping board of switching of making an uproar falls in well low frequency can express the selection to the frequency through the sound absorbing capacity of the quick expansion strip's of electricity thermal expansion coefficient control glutinous elasticity thin layer, realizes the frequency-selective attenuation, uses the corresponding pressfitting composite bed in the both sides of gluing glutinous elasticity thin layer of viscous state damping sizing material for compound damping board structure has stronger wholeness, is convenient for arrange, install, in order to improve compound damping board installation effectiveness and economic nature.
(4) The composite damping plate for switching the noise reduction at the medium and low frequencies can form a relatively wide acoustic forbidden band suitable for the noise at any frequency within 100-1500Hz, and the purpose of noise reduction is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a composite damping plate for switching between low and medium frequency noise reduction according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a composite damping plate for switching between low and medium frequency noise reduction according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a middle and low frequency noise-reducing switched composite damping plate according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between the mass bar, the electrically sensitive expansion bar and the visco-elastic film layer in the composite damping plate with low-medium frequency noise reduction and switching of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a mass bar; 2. adhering the elastic film layer; 3. compounding layers; 4. an electrically-responsive intumescent strip; 30. and a through hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that functional, methodological, or structural equivalents or substitutions made by these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 4, which illustrate an embodiment of a composite damping plate for switching low and medium frequency noise reduction according to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a composite damping plate for low and medium frequency noise reduction switching includes: the mass strip 1, the viscous elastic film layer 2 and the composite layer 3; the mass strips 1 are arranged in a circular ring shape and are arranged in groups in concentric circles, the peripheral edges of the mass strips 1 are wrapped and wound with the electrically sensitive expansion strips 4, the inner sides of the mass blocks are provided with constraint layers, the electrically sensitive expansion strips 4 are connected with a circuit controller through wires, and the mass strips 1 are bonded through the adhesive elastic film layer 2 in a pouring mode; the composite layers 3 are positioned on the outer sides of the composite damping plates and are provided with a plurality of through holes 30, and the composite layers 3 are correspondingly pressed with the two sides of the visco-elastic film layer 2 through viscous-state damping rubber materials respectively; the electrically-sensitive expansion strips 4 change the surface tension of the visco-elastic film layer 2 between the adjacent mass strips 1 in an electrified expansion mode. At least 3 mass strips 1 form a group of concentric circles, and the concentric circles are arrayed according to a structural form. The inner diameter of the mass bar 1 located at the outermost end of the concentric circles is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the through hole 30. The mass bar 1 is made of a high-density metal material, and is specifically a neodymium iron boron magnet. The through hole 30 has an outward tapered structure that expands from the side close to the viscoelastic film layer 2. The outer side of the composite layer 3 is coated with sound absorption coating material. The sound absorption coating material comprises one or more of graphite, hollow micro powder and aluminum oxide powder and a combination of silicon rubber. The thickness of the sticky elastic film layer 2 is 1/4 of the thickness of the mass strip 1, and the thickness range of the sticky elastic film layer 2 is 2-4 mm. The sticky elastic film layer 2 is prepared by boiling one or the combination of any more of nitrile rubber, silicon rubber or compound rubber. The composite layer 3 is made of multiple layers of fiber materials, wherein the fiber comprises inorganic fiber such as glass wool, glass fiber, slag wool and rock wool, and organic fiber such as plant fiber and wood fiber such as cotton and hemp.
Referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, a composite damping plate with low-and-medium-frequency noise reduction and switching adopts a two-dimensional periodically-arranged array structure composed of mass bars 1 and a viscoelastic elastic film layer 2, and a layer of electrically sensitive expansion strips 4 is wrapped on the peripheral edge ends of the mass bars 1, and the electrically sensitive expansion strips 4 are used for expanding in a power-on state, so as to change the surface tension and the edge prestress of the viscoelastic elastic film layer 2 on the edge of the mass bars 1, thereby effectively improving the sound insulation coefficient of the composite damping plate, and the frequency corresponding to the loss peak of sound moves to the low-and-medium frequency, and then the peak of the sound absorption coefficient increases along with the change of the surface tension and the edge prestress of the viscoelastic elastic film layer 2, so as to perform effective sound absorption processing on the peak of various frequencies. It should be noted that the cross-sectional area of the viscoelastic film layer is at least twice the cross-sectional area of the mass bar.
Referring to fig. 3, in the embodiment, the mass bars 1 are circular and arranged in a group of three concentric circles, so as to improve the noise processing effect of the composite damping plate on the first peak, the composite layer 3 is disposed on both sides of the composite damping plate and is provided with a plurality of through holes 30, firstly, the composite layer 3 located outside the composite damping plate can effectively pre-process the noise, a sound absorption coating material is applied on the outside of the composite layer 3, the sound absorption coating material comprises graphite, hollow micro powder, one or more of aluminum oxide powder and a combination of silicon rubber, in addition, the composite layer 3 adopts a multi-layer fiber material, which has good sound absorption performance, and the plurality of through holes 30 are disposed to weaken and decompose the noise, so as to make the heat energy lost by using the viscous and frictional resistance of the air, so as to achieve resistive sound absorption, and at the same time, the through holes 30 are in an enlarged taper structure from the side close to the viscoelastic film layer 2 to the outside, the conical structure has the best sound absorption effect; and the internal diameter of the mass strip 1 that is located the concentric circles outermost end is less than or equal to the internal diameter of through-hole 30, namely a through-hole 30 corresponds the 1 group of mass strip that a concentric circles was arranged at least, noise arrives 1 group of mass strip and glues glutinous elasticity thin layer 2, utilize mass strip 1 rigidity great, therefore the amplitude is less, and it is great with the range of vibration of mass strip 1 relatively to glue glutinous elasticity thin layer 2, and glue glutinous elasticity thin layer 2 and can realize the conversion to acoustic energy, with the effectual kinetic energy that converts of acoustic energy into, in order to reach the effect of making an uproar falls in the sound absorption.
Referring to fig. 4, it should be noted that, in the composite damping plate for switching noise reduction at medium and low frequencies of the present application, the frequency selection of the sound absorption capability expression of the viscoelastic elastic film layer 2 can be controlled by the thermal expansion coefficient of the electro-sensitive expansion strip 4, so as to realize frequency-selective attenuation, and the composite layer 3 is correspondingly pressed on two sides of the viscoelastic elastic film layer 2 by using viscous-flow damping rubber, so that the composite damping plate structure has strong integrity, and is convenient to arrange and mount, so as to improve the manufacturing efficiency and economy of the composite damping plate. The composite damping plate can form a relatively wide acoustic forbidden band suitable for noise with any frequency within 100-1500Hz, and the purpose of noise reduction is achieved.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a compound damping plate that low frequency of well falls and makes an uproar switches which characterized in that includes: mass strips, sticky elastic film layers and composite layers;
the mass strips are arranged in a ring shape and are arranged in groups in concentric circles, the peripheral edges of the mass strips are wrapped with and wound with the electrically sensitive expansion strips, the electrically sensitive expansion strips are connected with a circuit controller through a lead, and the mass strips are bonded through the sticky elastic film layer in a pouring mode;
the composite layers are distributed on two sides of the composite damping plate and are provided with a plurality of through holes, and the composite layers are correspondingly pressed with two sides of the viscous elastic film layer through viscous-state damping rubber materials respectively;
the electrically sensitive expansion strips change the surface tension of the viscous elastic film layer between the adjacent mass strips in an electrified expansion mode.
2. The composite damping plate for switching of noise reduction at medium and low frequencies according to claim 1, wherein at least 3 of the mass bars form a set of concentric circles, and the concentric circles are arranged in an array in a structural form.
3. The composite damping plate for switching of noise reduction at medium and low frequencies according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the mass bar located at the outermost end of the concentric circles is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the through hole.
4. The composite damping plate for switching between noise reduction and low frequency according to claim 1, wherein the mass bars are made of metal material, specifically neodymium iron boron magnet.
5. The composite damping plate for switching of noise reduction at medium and low frequencies according to claim 3, wherein the through hole has an outward expanding tapered structure from a side close to the visco-elastic film layer.
6. The composite damping plate for low and medium frequency noise reduction switching according to claim 1, wherein a sound absorbing coating material is applied to the outside of the composite layer.
7. The composite damping plate for switching between noise reduction and noise reduction according to claim 6, wherein the sound absorption coating material comprises a combination of one or more of graphite, hollow micro powder and aluminum oxide powder and silicone rubber.
8. The mid-to-low frequency noise reducing switched composite damping plate of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the visco-elastic film layer is 1/4 times the thickness of the mass bar.
9. The composite damping plate for switching of noise reduction at medium and low frequencies according to claim 1, wherein the visco-elastic film layer is prepared by decocting one or more of nitrile rubber, silicone rubber or composite rubber.
10. The composite damping plate for switching between low and medium frequency noise reduction according to claim 1, wherein the composite layer is made of multiple layers of fiber materials.
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