A kind of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit and its control device
Technical field
A kind of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit of the present invention and its control device, belong to acoustic metamaterial technical field.
Background technology
It is elasticity in resonance and structure due to acoustic metamaterial structural unit itself based on the band gap that local resonance generates
Caused by effect between wave propagation, existing acoustic metamaterial structural unit can be equivalent to the dipole resonance of low frequency mostly
Son:Film or other support constructions are equivalent to spring, and mass block is equivalent to the quality being connected on spring;Matrix is connected to oscillator
The other end of spring, it transmits incident vibration and provides the environment coupled with surrounding structure elements.When being total to close to structural unit
When vibration frequency, incident acoustic wave is made it propagate forward and is contained by the strong resonance scattering of these structural units, along propagation side
To decaying, to form band gap.The mechanism that locally resonant forms band gap shows the integrally-built bandgap frequency model of acoustic metamaterial
Enclose it is in close relations with itself vibration characteristics of single structure unit, therefore design with structural parameters regulatory function the super material of acoustics
Material is the key that determine Meta Materials acoustical behavior.
Xiao of Hong Kong University of Science and Thchnology in 2015 et al. forms metal electrode on round rubber film, is formed above film
Another mesh electrode forms between electrode and attracts each other, film pretightning force is caused to change by application DC voltage,
To make the intrinsic frequency of MAM that the variation of 70Hz occur.Active control of the Meta Materials to sound wave, including sound are realized by voltage
The phase-modulation and acoustic(al) switch of wave provide new research direction again for Meta Materials to the active control of sound wave.But it is formed
The area of electrode is larger, exists simultaneously a large amount of conducting wire for realizing electrical connection, for consideration safe to use, certain specific
It is infeasible in field of noise control.
2014, the researcher of Harvard University proposed a kind of acoustic metamaterial adjusting band gap by mechanically deform.With
Unlike traditional Meta Materials, structure coating becomes girder construction by film.After being compressed, beam deformation causes equivalent spring rigid
Degree changes, and the intrinsic frequency of entire elastic system changes, to adjust the frequency range of band gap.But the super material of the acoustics
Material needs the artificial prestressing force that applies to be deformed.
As the above analysis, for film-type acoustic metamaterial mainly by applying the side such as electric field, magnetic field and field of force
Formula changes the tension of film, to adjust the intrinsic frequency of acoustic metamaterial;For girder construction acoustic metamaterial then by applying
The mode of mechanically deform is added to change the intrinsic frequency of acoustic metamaterial.The adjusting method of above-mentioned acoustic metamaterial generally requires multiple
Miscellaneous auxiliary device, such as device for generating high voltage and huge magnetic force generation device and mechanically deform regulating device.And it is existing
Technology only demonstrates influence of the variation to noise suppression effect of certain parameters in principle, and unstructured complete active tune
Section system realizes self-tuning parameter adjustment, thus in the field of noise control of vehicle, aircraft, often lacks feasibility.
The cantilever beam of existing acoustic metamaterial structure be solid construction, do not have cavity, can not regulating system rigidity, because
And its intrinsic frequency value is single, has narrow-band characteristic, works as noise frequencywDeviate the intrinsic frequency of Meta Materialsw 0When, the structure
It no longer resonates, the effect that acoustic energy is converted to kinetic energy decays rapidly, illustrates existing acoustic metamaterial for extrinsic frequency
The noise of rate ingredient no longer has rejection ability.
Invention content
A kind of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit of the present invention and its control device, overcome it is of the existing technology not
Foot, provides a kind of acoustic metamaterial structural unit and its control device with active regulatory function, can be according to noise frequency
The structural parameters of the variation automatic adjustment acoustic metamaterial of rate, make it be imitated with good inhibition for the noise of different frequency
Fruit.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of active acoustical metamaterial structure list
Member, including rigid frame, cantilever beam and concentration mass block, lumped mass block are located at the inside of rigid frame, and lumped mass block is logical
At least one cantilever beam to be crossed to be fixedly linked with rigid frame, cantilever beam uses elastic material, cantilever beam to be internally provided with cavity,
Cavity is equipped with gas nozzle;Gas nozzle is used to access external pressed gas, and cavity is used for pressure store gas, this structural unit is according to storage
Different degrees of deformation occurs for the different pressures for depositing gas, its local resonance frequency is made to change.
Further, the cantilever beam is poured by liquid silica gel forms.
Further, the rigid frame is rectangular frame, and the quantity of the cantilever beam is four, lumped mass block position
In the center position of the rigid frame, the center phase of each cantilever beam and a frame side of the rigid frame
Even.
Further, the lumped mass block is rigid cylinder.
A kind of control device of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit, including the active acoustical metamaterial structure list
Member, microphone, data collecting card, computer, regulating valve, gas reservoir, pressure transmitter and flow divider, the compression of gas reservoir
Gas is entered by gas nozzle in each cavity of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit after regulating valve and flow divider successively, is passed
The collected noise signal of sound device enters computer after the processing of data collecting card, pressure transmitter setting in regulating valve and
On gas piping between flow divider, the signal output end of pressure transmitter is connected with computer, the signal output end of computer
It is connected with the control terminal of regulating valve.
Compared with prior art, the device have the advantages that being:Acoustic metamaterial structure tool proposed by the invention
There is adaptive on-line parameter regulatory function, can realize the active control of noise;Apparatus of the present invention can be according to noise frequency
The structural parameters of variation automatic adjustment acoustic metamaterial, make it have good inhibition for the noise of different frequency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the active acoustical metamaterial structure unit that the embodiment of the present invention proposes;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for the active acoustical metamaterial structure unit controlled-deformation that the embodiment of the present invention proposes;
Fig. 3 is the cantilever beam three-dimensional appearance schematic diagram in the active acoustical metamaterial structure unit that the embodiment of the present invention proposes;
Fig. 4 is the cantilever beam volume rendering schematic diagram in the active acoustical metamaterial structure unit that the embodiment of the present invention proposes;
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the control device for the active acoustical metamaterial structure unit that the embodiment of the present invention proposes.
In figure, 1- rigid frames, 2- cantilever beams, 3- cavitys, 4- gas nozzles, 5- lumped mass blocks, 6- microphones, 7- data adopt
Truck, 8- computers, 9- regulating valves, 10- gas reservoirs, 11- pressure transmitters, 12 flow dividers, 13 gas pipings.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit of the present invention, including rigid frame 1,2 sum aggregate of cantilever beam
Middle mass block 5, lumped mass block 5 are located at the center of rigid frame 1, and mass block is in 90 ° of spokes in 5 supported collection of lumped mass block
Four cantilever beams 2 of shape distribution are fixedly linked with rigid frame 1, and cantilever beam 2 uses elastic material, the inside of cantilever beam 2 to be arranged
There are cavity 3, cavity 3 to be equipped with gas nozzle 4.
As shown in Fig. 2, by gas nozzle 4, high pressure gas can be injected into cavity 3 by gas piping 13 so that cantilever
Beam 2 expands deformation, thus its rigidity changes, and the intrinsic frequency of the structural unit is caused to change.Noise frequency
When ingredient difference, the gas pressure being passed through also differs, and makes the intrinsic frequency of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit in certain model
It is consistent always with the frequency of noise in enclosing, realizes the active control of noise.
The operation principle of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit of the present invention is as follows:
As shown in figure 3, four cantilever beams 2 are poured into a mould by liquid silica gel and formed, the quality of lumped mass block 5 ism, the width of cantilever beam
ForW, length isL, thickness isT.One spring-quality system is formd by above-mentioned parameter, the rigidity of system isk 0, intrinsic frequency
Forw 0,w 0=(k0/m)1/2.When surrounding is there are when noise, if the intrinsic frequency of noise frequency and systemw 0Unanimously, then the system
Resonance, is converted into kinetic energy by acoustic energy, realizes the inhibition of noise.
As shown in figure 4, when being reserved with gas cavity 3 and gas nozzle 4 in four cantilever beams 2, original four cantilever beams 2 formation
Equivalent stiffnessk 0It is reduced tok — , thus the intrinsic frequency of systemw 0It changes, is decreased tow —.At this time if the frequency of noise
Forw —It is consistent with the intrinsic frequency of the metamaterial structure unit, the inhibition of noise may be implemented.
When noise frequency increases, at this time with the intrinsic frequency of the metamaterial structure unit with cavityw —There are deviation,
Covibration can not be generated, without noise reduction.High pressure gas, cantilever beam 2 can be passed through into cavity by gas piping 13
It deforms upon, the equivalent stiffness of metamaterial structure unitk — Change therewith, thus can be determined according to the numerical value of noise frequency logical
The air pressure numerical value entered realizes the active control of noise so as to adjust the intrinsic frequency of system.
Rigidity is possessed by acoustic metamaterial of the cantilever beam with cavityk — , support that quality is by four cantilever beamsm's
Mass block, being formed by spring mass system intrinsic frequency isw —=(k —/m)1/2.If should can bear with the cantilever beam of cavity
Maximum pressure bep max, being passed through pressure isp maxAfter high pressure gas, cantilever beam expands deformation, and possessed rigidity is increased tok +, at this time the intrinsic frequency of Meta Materials bew +=(k +/m)1/2, when noise frequency existsw —Extremelyw +Between when changing, you can pass through pressurepAdjusting so that the intrinsic frequency of acoustic metamaterial is consistent with noise frequency always so that system resonates, by acoustic energy turn
It is changed to kinetic energy, achievees the effect that active noise controlling.
In order to reach said effect, as shown in figure 5, the control device composition of the active acoustical metamaterial structure unit proposed
It is as follows:Including active acoustical metamaterial structure unit, microphone 6, data collecting card 7, computer 8, regulating valve 9, gas reservoir
10, the compressed gas of pressure transmitter 11 and flow divider 12, gas reservoir 10 passes through after regulating valve 9 and flow divider 12 successively
Gas nozzle 4 enters in each cavity 3 of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit, and 6 collected noise signal of microphone passes through data
Enter computer 8 after the processing of capture card 7, the gas piping between regulating valve 9 and flow divider 12 is arranged in pressure transmitter 11
On 13, the signal output end of pressure transmitter 11 is connected with computer 8, the control of the signal output end and regulating valve 9 of computer 8
End is connected.
Control process is as follows:6 detected noise signal of microphone, and noise signal is passed into data collecting card 7, data are adopted
Truck 7 converts analog signals into digital signal and is sent to computer 8.Computer 8 passes through Fourier transformation to digital signal, point
The spectral characteristic for analysing noise, obtains the frequency of current noisew, by interpolation of tabling look-up, gas corresponding with current frequency is calculated
Press numerical valuep, computer 7 sends out control signal to regulating valve 9, and high pressure gas is from gas reservoir 10 along gas piping 13 to acoustics
Injection, causes 2 dilatancy of cantilever beam in the cavity 3 of metamaterial structure unit, when the gas pressure that pressure transmitter 11 is shown
When reaching calculated value, computer 7 sends out control instruction, and regulating valve 9 is closed.Pressure in gas piping 13 and cavity 3 is kept
Constant, the intrinsic frequency of active acoustical metamaterial structure unit is adjusted to consistent with noise frequency, realizes the active control of noise.
Although being particularly shown and describing the present invention, those skilled in the art with reference to its exemplary embodiment
It should be understood that in the case where not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention defined by claim, form can be carried out to it
With the various changes in details.