CN113798451B - Copper alloy horizontal continuous casting crystallizer - Google Patents
Copper alloy horizontal continuous casting crystallizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113798451B CN113798451B CN202111050918.3A CN202111050918A CN113798451B CN 113798451 B CN113798451 B CN 113798451B CN 202111050918 A CN202111050918 A CN 202111050918A CN 113798451 B CN113798451 B CN 113798451B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
Abstract
The invention discloses a copper alloy horizontal continuous casting crystallizer, which comprises a graphite mould and a cooling copper sleeve sleeved outside the graphite mould, and is characterized in that: graphite jig includes graphite cake, lower graphite cake and sets up at last graphite cake and lower left graphite cake and the right graphite cake between the graphite cake, go up graphite cake, lower graphite cake, left graphite cake and right graphite cake enclose the cavity that link up around forming after closing, the coefficient of heat conductivity of going up graphite cake, lower graphite cake is a, the coefficient of heat conductivity of left side graphite cake and right graphite cake is b, and the scope of ba is 0.45 ~ 0.65. The invention adopts graphite plates with different heat conduction coefficients to form a graphite cavity, ensures that the temperature deviation of the edge parts of the upper surface and the lower surface of a casting blank and the temperature deviation of the middle outlet are less than or equal to 30 ℃, ensures the uniform structure of the casting blank, and simultaneously prevents the serious deformation of the copper bush.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper alloy crystallizers, and particularly relates to a copper alloy horizontal continuous casting crystallizer.
Background
In the copper processing industry, horizontal continuous casting is mainly used for producing tin-phosphor bronze and zinc white copper, and a long-term difficult-to-solve technical problem is that: in the horizontal continuous casting process, there is a problem that the cooling strength is not uniform in both the width direction and the thickness direction of the cast slab, thereby causing disorder of the structure of the cast slab after solidification. The cooling strength of the edge part of the horizontal continuous casting strip is higher than that of the middle part, especially that of a large-width strip with the width of more than 600mm, the cooling strength of the edge part and the center is more obvious, the difference is mainly shown in the aspects of the outlet temperature, the surface color and the thickness deviation of the strip, and the internal structure also has influence. Taking tin-phosphor bronze as an example, the temperature of a central outlet is higher than that of the edge part, the color is darker than that of the edge part, the tin-phosphor bronze is easy to redden and blacken, the thickness of the middle part is concave to the edge part, the size of the structure is irregular, and the edge part is smaller than that of the center, so that the shape and the yield of the plate processed in the subsequent process are directly influenced; in the solidification process in the thickness direction of the casting blank, a gap is formed between the upper surface of the casting blank and the crystallizer after the upper surface of the casting blank is solidified and contracted due to the action of gravity, the cooling strength of the upper surface and the cooling strength of the lower surface are different, the deviation of the center line of the cross section structure of the casting blank is directly influenced, the phenomena of uneven and irregular crystal grains occur, and cracks can be generated on the surface or inside of the casting blank in serious cases.
The problem of uneven cooling in the horizontal continuous casting process mainly comes from uneven cooling intensity of the crystallizer. The common horizontal continuous casting crystallizer generally comprises a cooling copper sleeve and a graphite mold, wherein the graphite mold and the cooling copper sleeve are arranged from inside to outside in sequence, the whole heat transfer process is just opposite, the copper water heat is transferred to the graphite mold, the graphite mold conducts heat to the cooling copper sleeve, and the cooling copper sleeve is filled with cooling water to play a cooling role and take away the heat. Therefore, the structure uniformity of the horizontal continuous casting billet is directly influenced by the cooling effect of the graphite mould and the cooling copper sleeve.
For example, the invention patent CN111974955A discloses a cooling horizontal continuous casting crystallizer, which is internally provided with a plurality of water flowing grooves, the crystallizer has good cooling effect in the use process, when the crystallizer is matched with a graphite mold to be cooled, a cooling surface on one side of the crystallizer is in direct surface contact with the graphite mold, the heat conductivity is improved, the cooling effect of copper water is improved, and the service life of the crystallizer is prolonged, but the design method of the crystallizer cannot ensure the consistency of the cooling effect of the edge part and the center of a wide-width strip blank with the width of more than 600mm, and the cooling uniformity needs to be improved.
The invention discloses a horizontal continuous casting crystallizer for realizing circumferential uniform cooling, which is provided with a plurality of independent cooling water cavities, wherein the uneven cooling phenomenon in the horizontal continuous casting process can be effectively improved and the quality of a continuous casting billet is improved by adjusting the cooling water flow, pressure and cooling water temperature parameters of each cooling water cavity, but the design method of the crystallizer is only suitable for the horizontal continuous casting of the annular, small and wide casting billets.
Therefore, how to optimally design the structure and the heat exchange capacity of the crystallizer to obtain the crystallizer with uniform cooling effect, uniform outlet temperature of the middle and edge positions in the width direction of the casting blank and uniform structure, and improved quality of the horizontal continuous casting blank is the main research direction of the horizontal continuous casting crystallizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a copper alloy horizontal continuous casting crystallizer, which solves the first technical problem of keeping uniform cooling strength in the width direction and the thickness direction of a horizontal continuous casting blank, realizing uniform casting state structure and good quality of the casting blank.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a horizontal continuous casting crystallizer of copper alloy, includes that graphite jig and cover establish the cooling copper sheathing in the graphite jig outside, its characterized in that: graphite jig includes graphite cake, lower graphite cake and sets up at last graphite cake and lower left graphite cake and the right graphite cake between the graphite cake, go up graphite cake, lower graphite cake, left graphite cake and right graphite cake enclose the cavity that link up around forming after closing, the coefficient of heat conductivity of going up graphite cake, lower graphite cake is a, the coefficient of heat conductivity of left side graphite cake and right graphite cake is b, and the scope of ba is 0.45 ~ 0.65.
The graphite mould is directly contacted with the casting blank, and graphite plates with different heat conductivity coefficients are adopted to obtain smaller cooling difference between the edge part and the middle part of the drawing casting blank. When the b/a is more than 0.65, the edge cooling strength is far higher than that of the middle position, so that the deformation of the copper sleeve is serious easily, and the uniform distribution of casting blank tissues is not facilitated; when the b/a of the edge is less than 0.45, the cooling strength of the middle part is higher than that of the edge part, and the edge part of the casting blank is easy to crack. The range of b/a is 0.45-0.65, the temperature deviation of the edge part and the middle outlet of the drawing casting blank is ensured to be less than or equal to 30 ℃, the uniform structure of the casting blank is ensured, the serious deformation of the copper sleeve is prevented, and the cooling strength of the edge part and the middle position of the graphite die is strictly controlled.
Preferably, the upper surface of the upper graphite plate and the lower surface of the lower graphite plate are provided with grooves for introducing cooling gas, the grooves are formed along the width direction of the graphite mold, and the cooling copper sleeve is provided with gas inlet holes for introducing cooling gas into the grooves. In order to increase the cooling strength in the crystallization process, helium gas is introduced between the graphite mold and the cooling copper sleeve for treatment, so that the heat conduction effect is improved. The heat transfer form of the graphite mould and the cooling copper bush is radiation heat transfer, the heat transfer capacity of the graphite mould and the cooling copper bush can be obviously improved by introducing gas with high heat conduction capacity between the graphite mould and the cooling copper bush, the cooling effect is improved, the grooves are formed along the width direction of the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate, the uniform structure of a casting blank in the width direction is ensured, and the quality stability in the width direction is improved.
Preferably, the width of the groove is 5-20 mm, the depth is 0.5-2 mm, the groove is 100-200 mm away from the copper water inlet side, and is 50-100 mm away from the edges of the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate. When the width of the slot is more than 20mm and the depth is more than 2mm, the slot is not beneficial to the diffusion and the coverage of cooling gas, and the local supercooling phenomenon is easy to occur, so that the tissue is not uniform; when the width of the slot is less than 5mm and the depth is less than 0.5mm, the amount of cooling gas introduced is too small to play an obvious heat conduction effect, and the effect is not great. In the horizontal continuous casting process, copper water enters a crystallizer and then is solidified and formed in a cavity, the crystallization position directly depends on the cooling effect of a graphite plate, and the uniformity of a casting blank crystal structure is influenced. Generally, the crystallization position is slightly close to the copper water inlet side for the convenience of strand casting and structure crystallization. According to the crystallization position and the liquid cavity form, when the distance between the grooving position and the copper water inlet side is less than 100mm and the distance between the grooving position and the edge parts of the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate is less than 50mm, the copper water crystallization position is too close to the front copper water inlet side, the cooling is advanced, the casting blank is not beneficial to drawing casting, and the drawing phenomenon is easy to occur; when the distance between the groove and the copper water inlet is more than 200mm and the distance between the groove and the graphite plate edge is more than 100mm, the copper water crystallization position is too deep, the crystallization time is insufficient, and the leakage is easy to cause. Therefore, the width of the groove is 5-20 mm, the depth is 0.5-2 mm, the groove is 100-200 mm away from the copper water inlet side, and is 50-100 mm away from the edges of the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate.
Preferably, the open groove comprises a wave-shaped groove and straight grooves at two ends of the wave-shaped groove, the amplitude P of the wave-shaped groove is 50-85 mm, the wavelength lambda of the wave-shaped groove is 50-75 mm, and the length of the straight grooves is 60-85 mm.
The crystallization positions of the casting ingots are distributed in a crescent shape along the width direction of the graphite mold, which shows that the temperature of the casting ingots is distributed in a gradient manner along the width direction to form an arc shape instead of a straight line, and the temperature is related to the liquid cavity shape, the heat dissipation direction and the like of the molten copper. The middle position of the slot is in a waveform shape, and the amplitude is 50-85 mm to cover the temperature gradient distribution range, so that the flatness of liquid holes is facilitated. When the amplitude is less than 50mm, the crescent range of the liquid cavity cannot be covered, the uniform cooling of the crystallization position cannot be ensured, and the tissue interval phenomenon is easy to occur, so that the subsequent rolling cracks; when the amplitude is larger than 85mm, the range of the cooling position is too large, the casting blank is in frictional contact with the graphite plate after being formed, the service life of the graphite plate is not facilitated, and the graphite plate is pulled to crack in serious cases;
the control of the wavelength directly influences the cooling strength of the middle position of the graphite plate, so that the thickness growth speed of a solidified shell in the solidification process is determined, and the shape of a liquid cavity and the uniformity of a casting blank structure are determined. When the wavelength is less than 50mm, the wave-shaped grooves are distributed too densely, and the cooling intensity of the middle part is far greater than that of other positions after ventilation, so that the tissue is not uniform; when the wavelength is larger than 75mm, the waved grooves are excessively dispersed, the cooling coverage of the heat-conducting gas is narrowed, the cooling force is weak, the interval of the sizes of the structure grains is obvious easily along with the pull-stop rhythm, and the cracks are generated in the subsequent rolling process when the wavelength is serious; in addition, when the length of the straight groove is less than 60mm, the straight groove is too far away from the edge part, the helium covering area at the interval distance is limited, and the uniformity of cooling strength cannot be fully ensured; when the length of the straight groove is larger than 85mm, the straight groove is too close to the edge part, so that the cooling strength of the edge part is increased, and the cooling difference is large;
preferably, the cooling gas is helium, the pressure of the helium is 0.35-0.55 MPa, and the flow rate is 10-60 ml/min. The heat transfer efficiency of the gas is strongly influenced by pressure and flow, when the pressure of helium is more than 0.55MPa and the flow is more than 60ml/min, the helium is easy to dissipate, the actual cooling effect is not strong, the production consumption is large, and the cost is high; when the pressure of helium is less than 0.35MPa and the flow is less than 10ml/min, the heat transfer efficiency of helium is not obvious.
Preferably, the helium pressure ratio of the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate meets 1.0-1.2, and the flow ratio meets 1.0-1.2. In the horizontal continuous casting process, the dead weight of the molten copper affects the liquid cavity form, the heat dissipation direction and the volume shrinkage during solidification, so that a crescent-shaped gap appears on the upper part of the cast ingot, the heat dissipation condition of the upper part of the cast ingot is poor, and the cooling effect of the upper surface of the cast ingot is weaker than that of the lower surface of the cast ingot. Therefore, the cooling uniformity in the thickness direction of the casting blank can be realized by adjusting the pressure and the flow of helium introduced into the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate. When the helium pressure ratio and the flow ratio of the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate are less than 1.0, the cooling strength of the lower surface in the thickness direction of the casting blank is greater than that of the upper surface, so that the center line of the cross section structure of the casting blank is easy to be inclined upwards, the crystal grains of the lower surface are obviously greater than that of the upper surface, and the casting blank is easy to crack in the later rolling process due to uneven stress in severe cases; when the helium pressure ratio and the flow ratio of the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate are more than 1.2, the cooling strength of the upper surface in the thickness direction of the casting blank is higher than that of the lower surface, so that the center line of the cross section structure of the casting blank is prone to falling, the crystal grains on the upper surface are obviously larger than those on the lower surface, and the problem of cracking is also prone to occurring in severe cases.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. graphite plates with different heat conductivity coefficients are adopted to form a graphite cavity, so that the temperature deviation of the edge parts of the upper surface and the lower surface of a casting blank and the temperature deviation of a middle outlet are ensured to be less than or equal to 30 ℃, the uniform structure of the casting blank is ensured, and the serious deformation of a copper sleeve is prevented;
2. cooling gas is introduced between the graphite plate and the copper sleeve to replace the traditional flexible graphite paper or graphite powder, so that the defect of uneven cooling caused by untight contact surface fit between the graphite plate and the copper sleeve is fully overcome, the operation requirement of installation is reduced, the crystallizer is convenient to install, and the risk of poor casting blank quality caused by improper installation can be reduced;
3. the corrugated groove on the back of the graphite plate is designed according to the shape of the liquid cavity in the copper water solidification process, so that the heat conduction effect of the cooling gas is fully exerted. The wavelength and the amplitude of the corrugated groove can control the cooling strength of the graphite plate in the width direction, so that a uniform structure is obtained, and the problem of uneven structure caused by the fact that the cooling strength of the edge part is greater than that of the center in the traditional horizontal continuous casting is solved.
4. The average grain size of the surface of the obtained casting blank is controlled to be 2-4 mm, the average grain size deviation of different positions on the surface is less than or equal to 0.4mm, and the center line position is centered.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the slot in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a preferred embodiment of the horizontal continuous casting crystallizer for copper alloy is shown, which comprises a graphite mold 10, a cooling copper sleeve and a slot 5.
The open groove 5 is formed in the upper surface of the upper graphite plate 1 and the lower surface of the lower graphite plate 2 for introducing cooling gas, and the open groove 5 is formed in the width direction of the graphite mold 10.
The cooling copper sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the graphite mold 10, and an air inlet hole for introducing cooling gas into the open groove 5 is formed in the cooling copper sleeve.
4 alloys of the examples were selected, the composition design is shown in table 1, the casting was performed according to the crystallizer design of the examples, and the crystallizer parameter design is shown in table 2. The casting parameters for the alloys of the examples were: the casting speed is 100-150 mm/min, the casting temperature is 1160-1190 ℃, helium control parameters are shown in table 3, the casting mode adopts drawing-stopping-drawing, and the specification of the cast ingot is 16.5 multiplied by 650mm.
The composition of the comparative example is the same as that of example 1, and the crystallizer used in the comparative example is different from that of the present example in that: the heat conductivity coefficients of the upper graphite plate, the lower graphite plate, the left graphite plate and the right graphite plate are the same, no groove is formed, no air inlet hole is formed in the cooling copper sleeve, specific parameters are shown in a table 2, and casting parameters of a comparative example are the same as those of the example 1.
The casting blanks of 4 prepared examples and casting blanks of comparative examples are subjected to surface color comparison and crystal line straightness test, 3 points are taken at equal intervals on the upper surface and the lower surface of each casting blank along the width direction of the casting blank, A, B and C are sequentially arranged from left to right, the outlet temperature of the upper surface and the outlet temperature of the lower surface of each casting blank and the grain size and uniformity of the surface structure of the casting blank are respectively tested, the length of columnar crystals and the position of the center line of the cross section of the metallographic structure are tested, and specific test results are shown in tables 4 and 5.
And (3) testing the average grain size of the macroscopical metallographic structure according to YS/T448-2002: the test requirement in the macroscopic structure test method of copper and copper alloy casting and processing products is to test the grain size in 10-15 times of pictures collected by a stereomicroscope. The sample had a width of 20mm and a length of 20mm.
And testing the structure uniformity at different positions in the width direction of the casting blank, taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the three points A, B and C, and representing the structure uniformity by using the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value.
The graphite mould adopts the four-block combined graphite plates with different heat conductivity coefficients to carry out the drawing casting, and the outer surfaces of the upper graphite plate and the lower graphite plate are provided with the slots for introducing the cooling gas, so as to improve the cooling effect between the cooling copper sleeve and the graphite plates and improve the cooling strength. The design ensures that the casting blank structure tends to be uniform, so the segregation degree of the surface of the high-tin-content tin-phosphor bronze casting blank and the casting blank quality are improved, and the defects of cracks and the like are reduced; the results of the table 4 and the table 5 show that the crystallizer of the invention ensures that the upper surface and the lower surface of the alloy have uniform tissues, the surface crystal grains are smooth and have no discontinuous curves, the surface color is faint yellow, the temperature difference between the upper surface edge part and the lower surface edge part and the middle part is controlled to be less than 20 ℃, the average surface grain size is controlled to be 2-4 mm, the difference of the surface grain sizes of different positions on the width position of a casting blank is less than or equal to 0.4mm, the tissues are uniform, the central line position is centered, and the length of the columnar crystal is 7-8 mm. The casting blank structure is uniformly distributed, and the quality of the casting blank is improved, so that the method has good popularization and application values.
The conventional crystallizer is adopted as a comparative example, because the edge part of the casting blank is cooled before the middle position, the self gravity influences the gap, the graphite plate and the copper sleeve are tightly attached and the like, the crystal lines on the surface of the casting blank are discontinuous and bent, the surface color is red and black, the temperature of the upper surface and the lower surface is more than 50 ℃, the sizes of the upper surface tissue and the lower surface tissue are uneven, the average grain size is 0.5-2 mm, the size grains are distributed at intervals, the columnar grains of the fracture surface tissue are distributed at 3-6 mm, and the position of the central line of the fracture surface is inclined. The casting blank has uneven structure or the large and small structures are distributed at intervals, so the problem of rolling cracking easily occurs in the subsequent processing process.
TABLE 1 ingredients of examples and comparative examples
TABLE 2 relevant parameters of crystallizers to be used in the examples of the invention and in the comparative examples
TABLE 3 helium let-in parameter control for embodiments of the invention
TABLE 4 test results of casting blank surfaces of inventive examples and comparative examples
TABLE 5 test results of casting blank surfaces of inventive examples and comparative examples
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a horizontal continuous casting crystallizer of copper alloy, includes graphite jig (10) and overlaps the cooling copper sheathing of establishing in graphite jig (10) outside, its characterized in that: the graphite mould (10) comprises an upper graphite plate (1), a lower graphite plate (2), and a left graphite plate (3) and a right graphite plate (4) which are arranged between the upper graphite plate (1) and the lower graphite plate (2), wherein the upper graphite plate (1), the lower graphite plate (2), the left graphite plate (3) and the right graphite plate (4) are enclosed to form a cavity (1 a) which is through from front to back, the heat conductivity coefficients of the upper graphite plate (1) and the lower graphite plate (2) are a, the heat conductivity coefficients of the left graphite plate (3) and the right graphite plate (4) are b, and the range of b/a is 0.45-0.65; the upper surface of the upper graphite plate (1) and the lower surface of the lower graphite plate (2) are provided with grooves (5) for introducing cooling gas, the grooves (5) are formed along the width direction of the graphite mold (10), and the cooling copper sleeve is provided with an air inlet hole for introducing the cooling gas into the grooves (5); the width of the open slot (5) is 5-20 mm, the depth is 0.5-2 mm, the open slot (5) is 100-200 mm away from the copper water inlet side, and is 50-100 mm away from the edges of the upper graphite plate (1) and the lower graphite plate (2); the slotting (5) comprises a wave-shaped groove (51) and straight grooves (52) positioned at two ends of the wave-shaped groove (51), the amplitude P of the wave-shaped groove (51) is 50-85 mm, the wavelength lambda of the wave-shaped groove (51) is 50-75 mm, and the length of the straight groove (52) is 60-85 mm.
2. The copper alloy horizontal continuous casting crystallizer of claim 1, wherein: the cooling gas is helium, the pressure of the helium is 0.35-0.55 MPa, and the flow rate is 10-60 ml/min.
3. The copper alloy horizontal continuous casting crystallizer of claim 2, wherein: the helium pressure ratio of the upper graphite plate (1) to the lower graphite plate (2) meets 1.0-1.2, and the flow ratio meets 1.0-1.2.
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