CN113796468B - Rodent feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rodent feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113796468B CN113796468B CN202111066655.5A CN202111066655A CN113796468B CN 113796468 B CN113796468 B CN 113796468B CN 202111066655 A CN202111066655 A CN 202111066655A CN 113796468 B CN113796468 B CN 113796468B
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- rodent
- wheat
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/50—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for rodents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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Abstract
The invention discloses rodent feed and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of feeds. The invention selects the conventional domestic easily-obtained material as the feed raw material, and has the technical advantages of simple and easily-obtained raw material, low requirement on processing equipment and strong operability. The feed formula provided by the invention can obviously improve the forming rate of the feed by more than 4%, and can effectively reduce the production energy consumption. Meanwhile, the hardness of the feed is improved by more than 20%, the appearance of the feed is obviously improved, and the feed meets the gnawing characteristics of rodents. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which has important significance for formulation development, processing and production of rodent feed, research and development of rodent feed and even quality control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a rodent feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Rodents have the nature of gnawing and biting, and often bite into the feed, so that the waste of the feed is caused, the loss of the feed is aggravated, and the loss of the feed is an important factor affecting the production cost of rodents. Thus, the hardness of the feed pellet is an important criterion for evaluating the quality of rodent pellet feed. In the pellet feed production process, extrusion molding processing of feed raw materials after crushing, mixing and tempering is an important process. Currently, in the research of rodent feed about influencing the feed quality, partial scholars mainly study the influence of the factors on the rodent feed quality around processing parameters including crushing technology, puffing technology, tempering time, temperature and the like, and the influence of the material components in the feed formula on the feed quality is studied by fresh people.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide rodent feed and a preparation method thereof so as to solve the technical problems.
Wheat and corn are common components in animal feed formulas, are not only used as main sources of animal energy, but also are easy to form due to the fact that the specific gravity of the raw material starch is large, and the raw material starch is sticky in the tempering process, so that the feed is easy to form, and the forming quality of the feed is greatly affected. In recent years, along with the adjustment of grain production structure, the corn is added to easily cause the feed to be polluted by aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1), and meanwhile, the research on the molding quality of wheat and corn shows that the grain molding degree and the grain hardness of the wheat are obviously superior to those of the corn. Therefore, the wheat has better application prospect as an energy feed source with higher cost performance instead of corn, and the molding characteristics of the wheat on rodent feeds in the pellet feed processing process are still required to be clear.
The inventors found that when materials composed of different types or proportions of feed materials are produced by pelleting and shaping, the feed shaping characteristics change due to different characteristics of the ingredients and changes in the ingredients. The composition of the feed raw materials affects the forming quality of the pellet feed by more than 40 percent, and is the most important factor affecting the processing quality of the feed. Based on the above, the inventor especially provides a novel rodent feed, which has specific feed raw material composition and proportion, improves the feed forming rate by more than 4%, and effectively reduces the production energy consumption. Meanwhile, the hardness of the feed is improved by more than 20%, the appearance of the feed is obviously improved, and the feed meets the gnawing characteristics of rodents.
The invention is realized in the following way:
the invention provides rodent feed, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 20 percent of corn, 20 to 30 percent of wheat, 10 to 11 percent of wheat middling, 5 to 6 percent of fish meal, 27 to 28 percent of bean pulp, 12 to 13 percent of rice bran, 1 to 2 percent of soybean oil, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of lysine, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of methionine, 2 to 3 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 to 2 percent of stone powder, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of salt, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of vitamin, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of trace element and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of choline.
The inventor finds that when the addition amount of the wheat reaches 20-30% of the total raw material mass of the feed, the forming rate of the feed is best, the surface smoothness is obviously improved, the cracking phenomenon of the surface of the feed is reduced, the hardness of the feed reaches a higher level, and the hardness of the feed accords with the gnawing characteristic of rodents. If the addition amount of wheat is reduced, the forming rate of the feed is reduced, the surface of the feed is rough, and the cracks are more. Meanwhile, the hardness of the feed is obviously reduced, so that the feed particles are easy to break, and the feed length is short. If the amount of wheat added exceeds 30%, the hardness of the feed is significantly lowered although the molding rate of the feed is high.
In addition, the inventor knows that the total protein, albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol content, glucose, alpha-amylase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in the blood of the rat are all kept at high levels when the wheat addition amounts are 20-30% by detecting the biochemical parameters of the blood of the rat with different wheat addition amounts. The feed provided by the invention can effectively improve the metabolic conditions of rodents in sugar water compounds, fat, protein and the like, and has important significance for research, development and application of rodent feed.
Corn is rich in higher vitamins, riboflavin, and starch, helping animals to replenish nutrition and energy. Wheat is rich in starch, protein, fat, minerals, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin a, etc. The wheat flour is also called black flour, yellow flour, the following and the like, is a byproduct of wheat processing, is rich in wheat flour protein, and mainly comprises albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutenin. The crude protein content in the soybean meal is up to 30-50%, the soybean meal is added into the feed and fermented and hydrolyzed by animal intestinal probiotics, so that a large amount of active peptides with unique physiological activities can be generated, the active peptides can effectively stimulate the propagation of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract, the structure of microbial flora in the body is regulated, and the decomposition, synthesis, absorption and utilization of other nutrient substances in the feed by the whole digestive tract are increased. The fish meal is rich in crude fat, B vitamins, minerals and growth factors, and the growth factors are helpful for stimulating the growth and development of animals. The rice bran contains fatty acids such as vitamins, linoleic acid and various minerals, and has rich nutritive value.
Fish meal and soybean meal are used as the main protein source, and corn and wheat are used as the carbohydrates.
The main materials of corn, wheat, secondary powder, fish meal, bean pulp and rice washing bran are complementary, so that the nutritional ingredients of the feed can be synergistically improved, and a good nutritional basis is provided for improving animal conditions.
The inventor selects domestic common materials as raw material sources of the feed, which is beneficial to reducing the production cost of the feed.
The inventor can meet the requirements of animals on amino acids, vitamins and minerals by adding calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, lysine, methionine, vitamins, trace elements and choline.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin is a vitamin mixture; each kilogram of rodent feed comprises 15000-30000 IU of vitamin A, 1500-3000 IU of vitamin D, 120-240 IU of vitamin E, 5-10 mg of vitamin K, 13-26 mg of vitamin B, 12-24 mg of vitamin B, 24-48 mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2-0.4 mg of biotin.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the above mentioned rodent feed per kilogram comprises the following trace elements: 120-240 mg of iron, 75-150 mg of manganese, 10-20 mg of copper, 30-60 mg of zinc and 0.1-0.2 mg of selenium. The balanced element ratios can meet the growth and development requirements of rodents on trace elements.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rodent feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of corn, 20% of wheat, 10% of wheat middlings, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of salt, 0.1% of vitamins, 0.1% of trace elements and 0.1% of choline.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the choline is choline chloride, phosphatidylcholine, 2-hydroxy-N, -trimethylammonium, choline fluoride or choline bromide.
The phosphatidylcholine may be selected from the group consisting of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine or polyene phosphatidylcholine.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rodents include, but are not limited to, pinaceae, castoreonaceae, hamster, bamboo rat, murine, sleeping murine, lin Tiaoshu, springboard and porcupidae.
In one embodiment, the rodent is a rat or mouse.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rodent feed, which comprises the following steps: pulverizing the raw materials, sieving with 1.5-2.0mm sieve mesh, and making into feed in batching processing equipment.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned batching processing device comprises a granulator, a dryer, a loop film machine, a conditioner and a feeder, wherein the material conditioning temperature of the conditioner is 85-90 ℃. The material tempering temperature of the tempering device is related to the hardness of the feed, and at the tempering temperature, the feed can be ensured to have enough hardness to meet the gnawing requirement of rodents.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature in the modulator of the batching processing device is controlled to be 75-80 ℃, and if the powder from the granulator reaches more than 90% of granulation rate, the connection between the granulator and the dryer is opened, and the feed is led out to the drying chamber for drying. The compression ratio of the annular film machine is 1:10-1:12.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed produced as described above is a pellet feed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention selects the conventional domestic easily-obtained material as the feed raw material, and has the technical advantages of simple and easily-obtained raw material, low requirement on processing equipment and strong operability. The general scientific research team and the scientific research service unit can process and granulate according to the feed formula provided by the invention. The feed formula provided by the invention can obviously improve the forming rate of the feed by more than 4%, and can effectively reduce the production energy consumption. Meanwhile, the hardness of the feed is improved by more than 20%, the appearance of the feed is obviously improved, and the feed meets the gnawing characteristics of rodents.
The animal feeding experiment proves that the feed provided by the invention can improve the utilization rate of the feed by more than 40%, effectively improve the metabolic conditions of animals in syrup compounds, fat, protein and the like, and has important significance for research, development and application of rodent feed.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which has important significance for formulation development, processing and production of rodent feed, research and development of rodent feed and even quality control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different wheat addition ratios on feed forming rate;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different wheat addition ratios on the appearance of the feed;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different wheat addition ratios on feed hardness;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the amount of wheat added in the test diet on the hardness of the feed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a rodent feed, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of corn, 20% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Microelement premix, providing iron per kilogram of rodent feed (FeSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 120mg, mn (MnSO 4 ·H 2 O) 75mg, copper (CuSO) 4 ·5H 2 O) 10mg, zinc (ZnSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 30mg, selenium (Na) 2 SeO 3 )0.1mg。
Vitamin premix, which provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 13mg of vitamin B, 12mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed for the breeding and growing stages of the GB 14924.3-2010 rats, fish meal and bean pulp are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated T3.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a rodent feed, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10% of corn, 30% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Microelement premix, providing iron per kilogram of rodent feed (FeSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 120mg, mn (MnSO 4 ·H 2 O) 75mg, copper (CuSO) 4 ·5H 2 O) 10mg, zinc (ZnSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 30mg, selenium (Na) 2 SeO 3 )0.1mg。
Vitamin premix, which provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 13mg of vitamin B, 12mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed for the breeding and growing stages of the GB 14924.3-2010 rats, fish meal and bean pulp are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated T4.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a rodent feed, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15% corn, 25% wheat, 10% wheat middling, 5% fish meal, 27.22% soybean meal, 12% rice bran, 1% soybean oil, 0.3% lysine, 0.18% methionine, 2% monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% stone dust, 0.5% iodized salt, 0.1% vitamin premix, 0.1% trace element premix and 0.1% choline chloride.
Microelement premix, providing iron per kilogram of rodent feed (FeSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 120mg, mn (MnSO 4 ·H 2 O) 75mg, copper (CuSO) 4 ·5H 2 O) 10mg, zinc (ZnSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 30mg, selenium (Na) 2 SeO 3 )0.1mg。
Vitamin premix, which provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 13mg of vitamin B, 12mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed for the breeding and growing stages of the GB 14924.3-2010 rats, fish meal and bean pulp are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a rodent feed, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40% corn, 0% wheat, 10% wheat middling, 5% fish meal, 27.22% soybean meal, 12% rice bran, 1% soybean oil, 0.3% lysine, 0.18% methionine, 2% monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% stone dust, 0.5% iodized salt, 0.1% vitamin premix, 0.1% trace element premix and 0.1% choline chloride.
Microelement premix, providing iron per kilogram of rodent feed (FeSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 120mg, mn (MnSO 4 ·H 2 O) 75mg, copper (CuSO) 4 ·5H 2 O) 10mg, zinc (ZnSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 30mg, selenium (Na) 2 SeO 3 )0.1mg。
Vitamin premix, which provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 13mg of vitamin B, 12mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed for the breeding and growing stages of the GB 14924.3-2010 rats, fish meal and bean pulp are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated T1.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a rodent feed, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% corn, 10% wheat middlings, 5% fish meal, 27.22% soybean meal, 12% rice bran, 1% soybean oil, 0.3% lysine, 0.18% methionine, 2% monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% stone dust, 0.5% iodized salt, 0.1% vitamin premix, 0.1% trace element premix and 0.1% choline chloride.
Microelement premix, providing iron per kilogram of rodent feed (FeSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 120mg, mn (MnSO 4 ·H 2 O) 75mg, copper (CuSO) 4 ·5H 2 O) 10mg, zinc (ZnSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 30mg, selenium (Na) 2 SeO 3 )0.1mg。
Vitamin premix, which provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 13mg of vitamin B, 12mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed for the breeding and growing stages of the GB 14924.3-2010 rats, fish meal and bean pulp are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated T2.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment provides a rodent feed, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0% of corn, 40% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice bran washing, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Microelement premix, providing iron per kilogram of rodent feed (FeSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 120mg, mn (MnSO 4 ·H 2 O) 75mg, copper (CuSO) 4 ·5H 2 O) 10mg, zinc (ZnSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 30mg, selenium (Na) 2 SeO 3 )0.1mg。
Vitamin premix, which provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 13mg of vitamin B, 12mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed for the breeding and growing stages of the GB 14924.3-2010 rats, fish meal and bean pulp are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated T5.
Experimental example 1
Test diets of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3 were prepared according to Table 1, and feed processing was performed at the institute of animal science and research of the national institute of laboratory, sichuan province [ SCXK 2020-003], with the processing equipment being an automatic batch production line of 03 type.
(1) Feed preparation
Crushing: according to the bin into which the crushed large materials need to be fed, the rotary distributor is opened, then the crusher and the lifting machine are sequentially opened, and meanwhile, the feeder is opened, and the feeding speed of the feeder is slowly increased, so that the pointer of the current device is not higher than 40A. When the current pointer is obviously reduced to 20A and the current is kept stable, the large material is completely crushed, the operation is repeated, and the next batch of raw materials is crushed.
Mixing evenly: and opening the elevator and the scraper in turn. According to the type of the produced feed, a set computer program is selected. After the small materials are added, the small materials are timely added by the small materials adding alarm.
All materials are crushed and then pass through a phi 1.5mm sieve.
Granulating: and closing a discharge hole switch of the granulator, sequentially turning on and off a fan, a membrane circulating machine, a conditioner and a feeding machine, and simultaneously turning on and off the modulator switch. The material tempering temperature of the tempering device is 85 ℃, the size of steam input into the tempering device is adjusted to enable the temperature in the tempering device to reach 75-80 ℃, and the humidity is suitable for loosening hands when the materials are kneaded into clusters. If the powder discharged from the granulator is judged to reach 90% granulation, the connection between the granulator and the dryer is opened, and the feed is placed in the drying chamber.
The aspect ratio of the ring mould is 10:1, granulating the granulated feed with the diameter of 5mm, processing and molding the feed, and then placing the feed in a refrigerator with the temperature of-20 ℃ for standby.
Table 1 test feed composition
(2) Cultivation management
Animal experiments were carried out at the institute of animal and scientific research, institute of laboratory and animal, academy of medical science, sichuan province [ SYXK (Sichuan) 2018-058]. 90 healthy SD rats (SCXK (Sichuan) 2018-19) with initial body mass of 450.0-500.0 g are selected, the male and female halves are divided into 5 treatments, each treatment is divided into 3 replicates, each replicate is divided into 6 animals, and the initial body mass difference among groups is not obvious. After the animals enter the experimental field and adapt to 7 days, the animals enter a formal test period, the formal test period is 35d, and the animals are fed with feed twice a day during the test period, so that the sufficient residual food in the food box and free drinking water are ensured, and the weight of the animals is weighed every week.
(3) And (5) collecting the sample and measuring the corresponding index.
A method for measuring quality index of feed.
Aiming at the problems of cracks, quality change and the like of the extruded granular products, randomly selecting the feed of each processed product, photographing, reserving a picture, further analyzing and researching by using quality indexes such as the granule forming rate, the granule forming hardness and the like, wherein a formula of a forming rate R calculating method is shown as the following formula, and the forming hardness is measured by using a grain hardness meter (GWJ-1, tuo-pu instrument Co., ltd.).
WG＝FW-IW
Wherein R is the particle forming rate (%); m is m p Is the mass (g) of the formed particles; m is the mass (g) of the material; WG is weight gain (g); FW is the final weight (g); IW is the initial weight (g); FE is feed utilization (%).
And (5) data processing. The test data are represented by the average value standard deviation, SPASS18.0 is adopted to carry out single-factor analysis of variance on the data, duncan's is adopted to carry out multiple comparison after the difference is obvious, and P < 0.05 is the difference, so that the statistical significance is achieved.
Analysis of results
(1) Nutritional level results.
The measurement of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus in the feed is measured according to GB/T6435-2014, GB/T6432-2018, GB/T6433-2006, GB/T6434-2006, GB/T6438-2007, NY/T3318-2018 and NY/T3318-2018. The nutrient levels were measured and are shown in Table 1, and it is apparent from Table 1 that the difference in nutrient composition between each example and comparative example was not significant.
(2) Influence of different wheat addition amounts on feed molding quality.
As shown in FIG. 1, the forming rate of the feed of the T1 group is the lowest, and the forming rate of the feed of the T4-T5 groups is the best as the adding level of the wheat is gradually increased, which is improved by 4% compared with the forming rate of the feed of the T1 group.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the finished pellet feed, the feed surface of the T1 component is rough, the cracks are more, the feed pellets are easy to break due to low hardness, the feed length is shorter, the smoothness of the feed surface of the T4 component is obviously improved along with the increase of the wheat proportion to 30%, and the cracking phenomenon of the feed surface is reduced.
The feed hardness results are shown in FIG. 3, wherein the feed hardness of the T4 group and the T5 group is remarkably higher than that of the T1 group and the T2 group (P < 0.01) and is remarkably higher than that of the T3 group (P < 0.01). (note: same row data shoulder marks the same letter indicates that the difference is not significant P > 0.05, shoulder marks different lowercase letters indicate that the difference is significant P < 0.05, and different uppercase letters indicate that the difference is extremely significant P < 0.01)
(3) Effect of different wheat additions on SD rat growth Performance
As shown in Table 2, the effect of different wheat additions on SD rat growth performance was significantly higher in the T3 group than in the T1 group (P < 0.01). Animals in the T2, T4 and T5 groups gained weight significantly higher than those in the T1 group (P < 0.01). The feed conversion rate of the T3 group (example 1) is optimal (P is less than 0.01), and is improved by 59.6% compared with the T1 group.
TABLE 2 Effect of different levels of wheat addition on SD rat growth performance
(note: same row data shoulder marks with the same letter indicating that the difference is not significant P > 0.05, shoulder marks with different lowercase letters indicating that the difference is significant P < 0.05, and different uppercase letters indicating that the difference is extremely significant P < 0.01).
Experimental example 2
The experimental example was used for determining animal test indexes.
After the formal experiment is started, animal mass is weighed once every 7d, records are made, and animal weight gain and feed utilization rate during the experiment are calculated according to the animal mass. At the end of the test, each test mouse was collected and numbered after 12h of fasting. Measurement of serum Total protein (TP, g.L) Using automatic Biochemical Analyzer (Hitachi 7170) -1 ) Albumin (ALP, g.L) -1 ) Triglyceride (TG, mmol) -1 ) Total cholesterol (TCHO, mmol) -1 ) Glucose (GLU, mm)ol -1 ) Alpha-amylase (AMY, U.L) -1 ) Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, U.L) -1 ) And glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT, U.L) -1 )。
The experimental results are shown in Table 3, and the effects of different amounts of wheat added on the biochemical parameters of SD rat blood are shown in Table 3. TP (total protein) content, T3 and T4 groups were highest (P < 0.01). ALP (albumin) content, with the T4 group significantly higher than the T1, T2 and T5 groups (P < 0.01), was not significantly different from the T3 group (P > 0.05). TG (triglyceride) content, groups T2, T3 and T4 were significantly higher than groups T1 and T5 (P < 0.05). The TCHO (total cholesterol) content, the T3, T4 and T5 groups were significantly higher than the T1 and T2 groups (P < 0.01). GLU (glucose) content, highest in group T3, was significantly higher than in groups T1, T2, T4 and T5 (P < 0.01). AMY (alpha-amylase) activity, the enzyme activity of the T5 group is highest, and the enzyme activity of the T1 group is lowest (P < 0.01). GOT (glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase) activity, the activity of the T3 group enzyme is highest and is obviously higher than that of the T1, T2, T4 and T5 groups (P is less than 0.01). GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activity, the highest enzyme activity of the T5 group, is significantly higher than that of the T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups (P < 0.01).
TABLE 3 influence of different wheat addition ratios on SD rat serum parameters
(note: same row data shoulder marks with the same letter indicating that the difference is not significant P > 0.05, shoulder marks with different lowercase letters indicating that the difference is significant P < 0.05, and different uppercase letters indicating that the difference is extremely significant P < 0.01).
Experimental example 3
The experimental example explores the influence of the addition amount of the test ration wheat on the feed hardness.
Referring to fig. 4, according to the polyline method, the experiment determines that the wheat addition amount is 28.36%, and the linear equation is: y=1.0822 x+147.76, r 2 ＝0.94，Y max ＝178.45。
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The rodent feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 20 percent of corn, 20 to 30 percent of wheat, 10 to 11 percent of wheat middling, 5 to 6 percent of fish meal, 27 to 28 percent of bean pulp, 12 to 13 percent of rice bran, 1 to 2 percent of soybean oil, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of lysine, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of methionine, 2 to 3 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 to 2 percent of stone powder, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of salt, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of vitamin, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of trace element and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of choline.
2. The rodent feed of claim 1 wherein the vitamin is a vitamin mix; each kilogram of rodent feed comprises 15000-30000 IU of vitamin A, 1500-3000 IU of vitamin D, 120-240 IU of vitamin E, 5-10 mg of vitamin K, 13-26 mg of vitamin B, 12-24 mg of vitamin B2, 24-48 mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2-0.4 mg of biotin.
3. The rodent feed of claim 2, wherein each kilogram of the rodent feed comprises the following trace elements: 120-240 mg of iron, 75-150 mg of manganese, 10-20 mg of copper, 30-60 mg of zinc and 0.1-0.2 mg of selenium.
4. The rodent feed of claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in weight percent: 20% of corn, 20% of wheat, 10% of wheat middlings, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of salt, 0.1% of vitamins, 0.1% of trace elements and 0.1% of choline.
5. The rodent feed of claim 1 or 4 wherein the choline is choline chloride, phosphatidylcholine, 2-hydroxy-N, -trimethylammonium, choline fluoride, or choline bromide.
6. The rodent feed of claim 1, wherein the rodent is selected from at least one of the following: pinaceae, castoreidae, hamster, bamboo rat, murine, sleeping murine, lin Tiaoshu, springboard and porcupidae.
7. A method of preparing a rodent feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: pulverizing the raw materials, and mixing to obtain feed.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the crushed feed is fed through a 1.5-2.0mm sieve pore and is prepared in a batching plant;
the batching processing equipment comprises a granulator, a dryer, a loop film machine, a conditioner and a feeder, wherein the material conditioning temperature of the conditioner is 85-90 ℃.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature in the modulator of the batching plant is controlled to be 75-80 ℃, and if the powder from the granulator reaches more than 90% of the granulation rate, the connection between the granulator and the dryer is opened, and the feed is led out to the drying chamber for drying; the compression ratio of the annular film machine is 1:10-1:12.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the feed produced is a pellet feed.
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