CN113796468A - Rodent animal feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rodent animal feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113796468A CN113796468A CN202111066655.5A CN202111066655A CN113796468A CN 113796468 A CN113796468 A CN 113796468A CN 202111066655 A CN202111066655 A CN 202111066655A CN 113796468 A CN113796468 A CN 113796468A
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- feed
- vitamin
- percent
- rodent
- wheat
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Abstract
The invention discloses rodent feed and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of feed. The invention selects conventional domestic easily-obtained materials as feed raw materials, and has the technical advantages of simple and easily-obtained raw materials, low requirement on processing equipment and strong operability. The feed formula provided by the invention can obviously improve the forming rate of the feed by more than 4%, and can effectively reduce the production energy consumption. Meanwhile, the hardness of the feed is improved by more than 20%, the appearance of the feed is obviously improved, and the gnawing characteristic of rodents is met. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, and the method has important significance for formulation planning, processing, preparation, research and development of rodent feed, and even quality control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a rodent feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Rodents have gnawing nature of eating, often bite fodder, cause the fodder waste, aggravate the loss of fodder, and the loss of fodder is the important factor that influences rodent manufacturing cost. Therefore, the hardness of the feed pellets is an important criterion for assessing the quality of the rodent pellet feed. In the production process of the pellet feed, the extrusion forming processing of the feed raw materials after crushing, mixing and tempering is an important process. Currently, in the research on the influence of rodent feed on the feed quality, some researchers mainly research the influence of the above factors on the rodent feed quality by processing parameters including a crushing process, a puffing technology, conditioning time, temperature and the like, and few people research the influence of material components in a feed formula on the feed quality.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a rodent feed and a preparation method thereof to solve the above technical problems.
Wheat and corn are common ingredients in an animal feed formula, are used as main sources of animal energy, are easy to form due to large specific gravity of the raw material starch, are easy to form, are sticky in the tempering process, are easy to form, and have important influence on the forming quality of the feed. In recent years, along with the adjustment of grain production structure, the added corn is easy to cause the pollution of the feed by aflatoxin B1(aflatoxin B1, AFB1), and meanwhile, the research on the molding quality of wheat and corn shows that the molding degree and the particle hardness of wheat are obviously superior to those of corn. Therefore, the wheat replaces corn to be used as an energy feed source with higher cost performance, so that the wheat has a better application prospect, and the wheat shows that the shaping characteristic of rodent feed needs to be clear in the processing process of pellet feed.
The inventors have found that when materials consisting of different types or proportions of feed materials are subjected to the granulation process, the properties of the formed feed may be altered due to the different properties of the ingredients and the variations in the ingredients. The influence of the composition of the feed raw materials on the molding quality of the granulated feed exceeds 40 percent, and is the most important factor influencing the processing quality of the feed. Based on the above, the inventor specially provides a novel rodent feed, the rodent feed has specific feed raw material composition and proportion, the feed forming rate is improved by more than 4%, and the production energy consumption is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the hardness of the feed is improved by more than 20%, the appearance of the feed is obviously improved, and the gnawing characteristic of rodents is met.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides rodent feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 20 percent of corn, 20 to 30 percent of wheat, 10 to 11 percent of wheat middling, 5 to 6 percent of fish meal, 27 to 28 percent of soybean meal, 12 to 13 percent of rice washing bran, 1 to 2 percent of soybean oil, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of lysine, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of methionine, 2 to 3 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 to 2 percent of stone powder, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of salt, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of vitamin, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of trace element and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of choline.
The inventor finds that when the addition amount of the wheat reaches 20-30% of the total raw material mass of the feed, the molding rate of the feed is the best, the surface smoothness is obviously improved, the cracking phenomenon on the surface of the feed is reduced, the hardness of the feed reaches a higher level, and the hardness of the feed accords with the gnawing characteristic of rodents. If the addition amount of wheat is reduced, the forming rate of the feed is reduced, the surface of the feed is rough, and more cracks are generated. Meanwhile, the hardness of the feed is obviously reduced, so that feed particles are easy to break and the length of the feed is short. If the amount of wheat added exceeds 30%, the molding rate of the feed is high, but the hardness of the feed is also significantly reduced.
In addition, the inventor tests the biochemical parameters of different wheat addition amounts on the blood of rats to know that when the wheat addition amount is 20-30%, the total protein, albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol content, glucose, alpha-amylase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in the blood of rats keep higher levels. The feed provided by the invention can effectively improve the metabolic conditions of rodents in sugar water compounds, fat, protein and the like, and has important significance for research, development and application of rodent feed.
Corn is rich in vitamins, riboflavin, and starch, and helps supplement nutrition and energy for animals. Wheat is rich in starch, protein, fat, minerals, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, vitamin A, etc. Wheat middling is also called black flour, yellow flour, wheat middling and the like, is a byproduct of wheat processing, is rich in wheat middling protein, and mainly comprises albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutenin. The content of crude protein in the bean pulp is up to 30-50%, the bean pulp is added into feed and fermented and hydrolyzed by probiotics in animal intestinal tracts, a large amount of active peptide with unique physiological activity can be generated, the active peptide can effectively stimulate the reproduction of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tracts, the structure of microbial flora in bodies is regulated, and the decomposition, synthesis, absorption and utilization of other nutrient substances in the feed by the whole digestive tract are increased. The fish meal is rich in crude fat, B vitamins, minerals and growth factors, and the growth factors are helpful for stimulating the growth and development of animals. The rice washing bran contains vitamin, linoleic acid and other fatty acids and various mineral substances, and has rich nutritive value.
Fish meal and soybean meal as the main protein sources, and corn and wheat as carbohydrates.
The complementary compatibility of the main materials of corn, wheat middling, fish meal, bean pulp and rice washing bran can synergistically promote the nutritional ingredients of the feed, thereby providing a good nutritional basis for improving the animal body condition.
The inventor selects common domestic materials as raw material sources of the feed, and is beneficial to reducing the production cost of the feed.
The inventor can meet the requirements of animals on amino acid, vitamin and mineral substances by adding calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, lysine, methionine, vitamin, trace elements and choline.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vitamin is a vitamin mixture; each kilogram of rodent feed comprises 15000-30000 IU of vitamin A, 1500-3000 IU of vitamin D, 120-240 IU of vitamin E, 5-10 mg of vitamin K, 113-26 mg of vitamin B, 212-24 mg of vitamin B, 24-48 mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2-0.4 mg of biotin.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the following trace elements are included per kg of rodent diet: 120-240 mg of iron, 75-150 mg of manganese, 10-20 mg of copper, 30-60 mg of zinc and 0.1-0.2 mg of selenium. The balanced element proportion can meet the growth and development requirements of rodents on trace elements.
In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, the rodent feed comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: 20% of corn, 20% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice washing bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of salt, 0.1% of vitamin, 0.1% of trace elements and 0.1% of choline.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the choline is choline chloride, phosphatidylcholine, 2-hydroxy-N, N, N-trimethylethanaminium, choline fluoride or choline bromide.
The phosphatidylcholine may be selected from dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine or polyenylphosphatidylcholine.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, the rodents include, but are not limited to, pinocaudae, beaver, hamacardariaceae, bamboos, murines, chinocoris, rhabdoid, and porcupine.
In one embodiment, the rodent is a rat or a mouse.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rodent feed, which comprises the following steps: pulverizing the raw materials, sieving with 1.5-2.0mm sieve mesh, and processing in ingredient processing equipment to obtain feed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ingredient processing equipment includes a granulator, a dryer, a film circulating machine, a conditioner and a feeder, wherein the material conditioning temperature of the conditioner is 85-90 ℃. The material conditioning temperature of the conditioner is related to the hardness of the feed, and under the conditioning temperature, the feed can be ensured to have enough hardness, so that the gnawing and feeding of rodents are met.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature in the mixer of the ingredient processing apparatus is controlled to be 75-80 ℃, and if the powder discharged from the granulator reaches a granulation rate of 90% or more, the connection between the granulator and the dryer is opened, and the feed is discharged to the drying chamber for drying. The compression ratio of the circular membrane machine is 1:10-1: 12.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feed is a pellet feed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention selects conventional domestic easily-obtained materials as feed raw materials, and has the technical advantages of simple and easily-obtained raw materials, low requirement on processing equipment and strong operability. Common scientific research teams and scientific research service units can process and granulate according to the feed formula provided by the invention. The feed formula provided by the invention can obviously improve the forming rate of the feed by more than 4%, and can effectively reduce the production energy consumption. Meanwhile, the hardness of the feed is improved by more than 20%, the appearance of the feed is obviously improved, and the gnawing characteristic of rodents is met.
Animal feeding experiments of the inventor prove that the utilization rate of the feed provided by the invention is improved by more than 40%, the metabolic conditions of animals in sugar water compounds, fat, protein and the like are effectively improved, and the feed has important significance for research, development and application of rodent feed.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, and the method has important significance for formulation planning, processing, preparation, research and development of rodent feed, and even quality control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different wheat addition ratios on the feed forming rate;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different wheat addition ratios on the appearance of the feed;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different wheat addition ratios on feed hardness;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the effect of wheat addition on feed hardness in the experimental diets.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a rodent feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of corn, 20% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice washing bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Microelement premix providing iron (FeSO) per kilogram of rodent diet4·7H2O)120mg, manganese (MnSO)4·H2O)75mg, copper (CuSO)4·5H2O)10mg, zinc (ZnSO)4·7H2O)30mg, selenium (Na)2SeO3)0.1mg。
The vitamin premix provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 113 mg of vitamin B, 212 mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed in breeding and growth stages of GB 14924.3-2010 mice, fish meal and soybean meal are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated as T3.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a rodent feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10% of corn, 30% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice washing bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Premix of trace elements, eachProviding iron (FeSO) per kilogram of rodent diet4·7H2O)120mg, manganese (MnSO)4·H2O)75mg, copper (CuSO)4·5H2O)10mg, zinc (ZnSO)4·7H2O)30mg, selenium (Na)2SeO3)0.1mg。
The vitamin premix provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 113 mg of vitamin B, 212 mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed in breeding and growth stages of GB 14924.3-2010 mice, fish meal and soybean meal are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated as T4.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a rodent feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15% of corn, 25% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice washing bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Microelement premix providing iron (FeSO) per kilogram of rodent diet4·7H2O)120mg, manganese (MnSO)4·H2O)75mg, copper (CuSO)4·5H2O)10mg, zinc (ZnSO)4·7H2O)30mg, selenium (Na)2SeO3)0.1mg。
The vitamin premix provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 113 mg of vitamin B, 212 mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed in breeding and growth stages of GB 14924.3-2010 mice, fish meal and soybean meal are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a rodent feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40% of corn, 0% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice washing bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Microelement premix providing iron (FeSO) per kilogram of rodent diet4·7H2O)120mg, manganese (MnSO)4·H2O)75mg, copper (CuSO)4·5H2O)10mg, zinc (ZnSO)4·7H2O)30mg, selenium (Na)2SeO3)0.1mg。
The vitamin premix provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 113 mg of vitamin B, 212 mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed in breeding and growth stages of GB 14924.3-2010 mice, fish meal and soybean meal are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated as T1.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a rodent feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30% of corn, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice washing bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Microelement premix providing iron (FeSO) per kilogram of rodent diet4·7H2O)120mg, manganese (MnSO)4·H2O)75mg, copper (CuSO)4·5H2O)10mg, zinc (ZnSO)4·7H2O)30mg, selenium (Na)2SeO3)0.1mg。
The vitamin premix provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 113 mg of vitamin B, 212 mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed in breeding and growth stages of GB 14924.3-2010 mice, fish meal and soybean meal are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated as T2.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment provides a rodent feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0% of corn, 40% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice washing bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of iodized salt, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix and 0.1% of choline chloride.
Microelement premix providing iron (FeSO) per kilogram of rodent diet4·7H2O)120mg, manganese (MnSO)4·H2O)75mg, copper (CuSO)4·5H2O)10mg, zinc (ZnSO)4·7H2O)30mg, selenium (Na)2SeO3)0.1mg。
The vitamin premix provides 15000IU of vitamin A, 1500IU of vitamin D, 120IU of vitamin E, 5mg of vitamin K, 113 mg of vitamin B, 212 mg of vitamin B, 24mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2mg of biotin per kilogram of rodent feed.
The preparation standard of the feed refers to feed in breeding and growth stages of GB 14924.3-2010 mice, fish meal and soybean meal are used as main protein sources, corn and wheat are used as carbohydrates, and the fat deficiency part is complemented by soybean oil. The feed prepared in this example was designated as T5.
Experimental example 1
The experimental diets of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3 were prepared according to Table 1, and the feed processing was carried out at the simplified Yang scientific research base of the institute of laboratory animals in the national institute of human and medical sciences of Sichuan province [ SCXK 2020-003], the processing equipment was a 03-type automatic blending production line.
(1) Feed preparation
Crushing: and (3) opening the rotary distributor according to a storage bin into which large materials need to be crushed, then sequentially opening the crusher and the elevator, simultaneously opening the feeder, and slowly increasing the feeding speed of the feeder to enable the pointer of the current device not to be higher than 40A. And when the current indicator is remarkably reduced to 20A and the current is kept stable, indicating that the large materials are crushed completely, repeating the operation and crushing the next batch of raw materials.
Uniformly mixing: and opening the hoister and the scraper conveyor in sequence. And selecting a set computer program according to the type of the produced feed. And after the small material adding alarm prompts that the small material is added, the small material is added in time.
All materials are crushed and then pass through a sieve with the diameter of 1.5 mm.
And (3) granulating: and closing a discharge port switch of the granulator, sequentially opening a fan, a film circulating machine, a conditioner and a feeder, and simultaneously opening a modulator switch. The material conditioning temperature of the conditioner is 85 ℃, the steam input into the conditioner is adjusted to enable the temperature in the conditioner to reach 75-80 ℃, and the humidity is preferably that the material is kneaded into clusters by hands and is dispersed by loosening the hands. And if the powder discharged from the granulator reaches 90% granulation, the connection between the granulator and the dryer is opened, and the feed is put into the drying chamber.
The length-diameter ratio of the ring die is 10: 1, granulating the granulated feed with the diameter of 5mm, processing and molding the feed, and storing the feed in a refrigerator at the temperature of 20 ℃ below zero for later use.
TABLE 1 test feed composition
(2) Breeding management
Animal experiments were conducted in the institute of laboratory animals and scientific research base of the national institute of human and civil hospitals of Sichuan province, Sichuan province [ SYXK 2018-. Selecting 90 healthy SD rats (SCXK (Chuan) 2018-19) with initial body mass of 450.0-500.0 g, wherein the male and female animals are half of the same, the treatment is averagely divided into 5 treatments, each treatment is 3 times of repetition, each treatment is 6 animals of repetition, and the initial body mass difference among the groups is not obvious. After the animals enter the experimental field and are adapted for 7 days, the animals enter a formal test period, wherein the formal test period is 35 days, and the animals are fed with the feed twice a day during the test period, so that the situation that the food in the hamper is sufficient and the animals drink water freely is ensured, and the weight of the animals is weighed every week.
(3) And (5) collecting a sample and determining a corresponding index.
A method for measuring feed quality index.
Aiming at the problems of cracks, quality change and the like of the extruded and formed granular product, the finished feed of each treatment group is randomly selected, a picture is taken and kept, the quality indexes such as the granule forming rate, the granule forming hardness and the like are used for further analysis and research, the formula of the forming rate R is shown as the following formula, and the forming hardness is measured by a grain hardness meter (GWJ-1, Topu instruments Co., Ltd.).
WG＝FW-IW
Wherein R is a particle molding ratio (%); m ispMass (g) of shaped particles; m is the mass (g) of the material; WG weight gain (g); FW is the final weight (g); IW is initial weight (g); FE is feed utilization (%).
And (6) data processing. The mean value of standard deviation represents test data, SPASS18.0 is adopted to carry out one-factor variance analysis on the data, after the difference is obvious, Duncan is used for carrying out multiple comparison, and the difference with P less than 0.05 has statistical significance.
Analysis of results
(1) Nutritional level results.
The determination of water, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus in the feed is referred to GB/T6435-. The nutrient levels were measured as shown in Table 1, and it is understood from Table 1 that the difference in nutrient content between the examples and the comparative examples was not significant.
(2) Influence of different wheat addition amounts on the molding quality of the feed.
As shown in figure 1, the forming rate of the feed of the T1 group is the lowest, and the forming rate of the feed of the T4-T5 group is the best along with the gradual increase of the addition level of the wheat, and is improved by 4 percent compared with that of the T1 group.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a finished pellet feed, wherein the T1 composition feed has rough surface and more cracks, the feed pellets are easy to break due to low hardness, the length of the feed is short, and when the proportion of wheat is increased to 30%, the surface smoothness of the T4 group feed is obviously improved, and the phenomenon of feed surface cracking is reduced.
The feed hardness results are shown in fig. 3, and the feed hardness of the T4 group and the T5 group is significantly higher than that of the T1 group and the T2 group (P < 0.01) and significantly higher than that of the T3 group (P < 0.01). (Note: the same letter in the shoulder label of the same row data indicates that the difference is not significant P & gt 0.05, the different lower case letters in the shoulder label indicate that the difference is significant P & lt 0.05, and the different upper case letters indicate that the difference is significant P & lt 0.01)
(3) Influence of different wheat addition amounts on growth performance of SD rats
As shown in Table 2, the weight loss and weight gain of the animals in the T3 group were significantly higher than those in the T1 group (P < 0.01) due to the effect of different wheat addition amounts on the growth performance of SD rats. The weight gain of animals in T2, T4 and T5 groups is obviously higher than that of animals in T1 group (P < 0.01). The feed conversion rate was optimal for the T3 group (example 1) (P < 0.01) and increased by 59.6% compared to the T1 group.
TABLE 2 influence of different levels of wheat addition on the growth performance of SD rats
(note: the same letter in the shoulder label of the same row data indicates that the difference is not significant P & gt 0.05, the different lower case letters in the shoulder label indicate that the difference is significant P & lt 0.05, and the different upper case letters indicate that the difference is very significant P & lt 0.01).
Experimental example 2
In this example, the animal test index was measured.
After the formal test is started, the animal mass is weighed once every 7 days, the record is made, and the animal weight gain and the feed utilization rate during the test are calculated according to the record. At the end of the test, each test mouse takes blood after fasting for 12h and is numbered. Determination of Total serum protein (TP, g.L) Using an automated Biochemical Analyzer (Hitachi 7170 model)-1) Albumin (ALP, g.L)-1) Triglyceride (TG, mmol)-1) Total cholesterol (TCHO, mmol)-1) Glucose (GLU, mmol)-1) Alpha-amylase (AMY, U. L)-1) Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, U. L)-1) And glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT, U.L)-1)。
The experimental results are shown in Table 3, and are shown in Table 3 as the effect of different wheat addition amounts on the biochemical parameters of SD rat blood. TP (Total protein) content, T3 and T4 groups were highest (P < 0.01). ALP (albumin) content, T4 group was significantly higher than T1, T2 and T5 groups (P < 0.01), and was not significantly different from T3 group (P > 0.05). The TG (triglyceride) content, T2, T3 and T4 groups were significantly higher than the T1 and T5 groups (P < 0.05). TCHO (total cholesterol) content, the T3, T4 and T5 groups are significantly higher than the T1 and T2 groups (P < 0.01). The GLU (glucose) content, the highest in the T3 group, was significantly higher than in the T1, T2, T4 and T5 groups (P < 0.01). AMY (alpha-amylase) activity, the highest activity of T5 group enzyme, and the lowest activity of T1 group (P < 0.01). GOT (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase) activity, the activity of the enzyme in the T3 group is the highest, and is obviously higher than that in the T1, T2, T4 and T5 groups (P is less than 0.01). GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activity, the activity of the T5 group is the highest, and is obviously higher than that of the T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups (P is less than 0.01).
TABLE 3 influence of different wheat addition ratios on serum parameters of SD rats
(note: the same letter in the shoulder label of the same row data indicates that the difference is not significant P & gt 0.05, the different lower case letters in the shoulder label indicate that the difference is significant P & lt 0.05, and the different upper case letters indicate that the difference is very significant P & lt 0.01).
Experimental example 3
The experimental example explores the influence of the addition of wheat in the experimental daily ration on the hardness of the feed.
Referring to fig. 4, according to the broken line method, the amount of wheat added is determined to be 28.36%, and the linear equation is as follows: 1.0822x +147.76, R2＝0.94，Ymax＝178.45。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The rodent feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10 to 20 percent of corn, 20 to 30 percent of wheat, 10 to 11 percent of wheat middling, 5 to 6 percent of fish meal, 27 to 28 percent of soybean meal, 12 to 13 percent of rice washing bran, 1 to 2 percent of soybean oil, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of lysine, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of methionine, 2 to 3 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 to 2 percent of stone powder, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of salt, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of vitamin, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of trace element and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of choline.
2. The rodent feed of claim 1, wherein the vitamin is a vitamin mix; each kilogram of rodent feed comprises 15000-30000 IU of vitamin A, 1500-3000 IU of vitamin D, 120-240 IU of vitamin E, 5-10 mg of vitamin K, 113-26 mg of vitamin B, 212-24 mg of vitamin B, 24-48 mg of nicotinic acid and 0.2-0.4 mg of biotin.
3. The rodent feed of claim 2, comprising the following trace elements per kilogram of the rodent feed: 120-240 mg of iron, 75-150 mg of manganese, 10-20 mg of copper, 30-60 mg of zinc and 0.1-0.2 mg of selenium.
4. The rodent feed of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of corn, 20% of wheat, 10% of wheat middling, 5% of fish meal, 27.22% of soybean meal, 12% of rice washing bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.3% of lysine, 0.18% of methionine, 2% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.5% of stone powder, 0.5% of salt, 0.1% of vitamin, 0.1% of trace elements and 0.1% of choline.
5. The rodent feed of claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the choline is choline chloride, phosphatidylcholine, 2-hydroxy-N, N, N, -trimethylethanaminium, choline fluoride or choline bromide.
6. The rodent feed of claim 1, wherein the rodent is selected from at least one of: pinocomae, beaver, hamster, bamboo muridae, chinchillae, lindera, rhabdoviridae, and porcupidae.
7. A method of preparing the rodent feed of any one of claims 1-6, comprising: pulverizing the raw materials, and mixing to obtain the feed.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the feed is prepared in an ingredient processing apparatus by passing through a 1.5-2.0mm mesh after pulverization;
the batching and processing equipment comprises a granulator, a dryer, a film circulating machine, a conditioner and a feeder, wherein the material conditioning temperature of the conditioner is 85-90 ℃.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature in the mixer of the ingredient processing equipment is controlled to be 75-80 ℃, and if the powder material discharged from the granulator reaches a granulation rate of more than 90%, the connection between the granulator and the dryer is opened, and the feed is led out to the drying chamber for drying; the compression ratio of the circular membrane machine is 1:10-1: 12.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the feed is a pellet feed.
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