CN113795607A - 用于涂覆构件的机械高负载的表面的方法以及被涂覆的构件本身 - Google Patents
用于涂覆构件的机械高负载的表面的方法以及被涂覆的构件本身 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于通过用于表面调制的粘附层或功能层(4)涂覆由具有氮分量和/或碳分量的硬化钢组成的构件(1)的机械高负载的表面(2)的方法，其中，在施加所述粘附层或功能层(4)之前将金属接合材料(5)引入到所述表面(2)中，以便实现与表面相符地走向的渐变的扩散屏障区(3)，所述扩散屏障区具有金属氮化物和/或金属碳化物的朝着所述表面(2)增大的分量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过用于表面调制的粘附层和/或功能层涂覆由具有氮分量和/或碳分量的硬化钢组成的构件的机械高负载的表面的方法。本发明也涉及一种通过该方法涂覆的构件本身，该构件例如可以是高压阀组件、燃料泵组件或类似物。
本发明的使用领域尤其延伸到在摩擦方面高负载的构件上、优选是车辆技术的高负载的构件上。用于表面调制的功能层尤其用于防磨损并且显示为用于提高持续负载性能的普遍器件。如果除了被涂覆的构件的防磨损之外也期望未被涂覆的对应体的防护，那么实施所谓的硬质材料层和DLC涂层(Diamond Like Carbon，类金刚石碳)。硬质材料层例如可以由金属氮化物或金属碳化物组成。尤其在汽车技术中，构件、如高压组件在保持非常小的尺寸公差的情况下局部强烈地承受负载。这样例如在燃料喷射系统中的高压阀组件或高压泵组件通过DLC层来防磨损。在用于直喷柴油发动机的共轨系统中燃料喷射器的喷嘴针也在密封座处并且按照应用也在针引导部的区域中通过DLC层受保护。在密封座处，层系统必须通过燃料系统的振动运动的叠加来承受强烈的多重负载，所述多重负载通过高表面压力、不利的几何形状、由于多次喷射产生的高开关循环数和通过燃烧室的温度、侵蚀性的废气以及燃料影响所产生的不利的环境条件引起。
背景技术
由DE 10 2005 037 549 A1得知一种用于这里感兴趣的类型的机械高负载构件的涂层，所述涂层由作为功能层的第一硬防磨层和布置在所述第一硬防磨层上的柔性的适配层组成。在此，适配层比位于其下方的防磨层硬度小并且更柔性。由此柔性的适配层在运行中更快地磨掉并且在阀和类似物中能够实现座几何形状(Sitzgeometire)的更均匀的和更早的承载(Tragen)。尤其地，由此可以补偿制造公差或者不同的磨合条件(Einlaufbedingung)并且同时实现高磨损防护。防磨层由具有直至3μm的厚度和直至20至70GPa的硬度的DLC组成，而柔性适配层由具有直至5μm和直至10至30GP的相对较小的硬度的DLC组成。
DE 10 213 661 A1公开了一种用于在金属构件上制造涂层的方法。在此，构件借助于在等离子中的惰性气体在表面上蚀刻并且随后根据等离子支持的CVD(ChemicalVapour Deposition，化学气相沉积)方法涂覆。至少部分地将含氧的气体添加给惰性气体。由此实现特别高的层粘附。
因此，在这里感兴趣的类型的构件的功能层必须使用施加到构件表面上的涂层的可靠的层接合。为了该目的，除了用于力求达到的表面调制的真正的功能层之外，可以将附加的粘附层直接施加到构件表面上，在所述附加的粘附层上又施加功能层。
如果要涂覆的构件由在一定程度上均匀地具有氮分量和/或碳分量的硬化钢组成，那么适用的是，避免氮和/或碳从硬化钢侵入到粘附层或功能层中，以便在涂层的区域中防止到金属氮化物或金属碳化物的不期望的材料转化，这可以导致表面应力的提升以及导致涂层的脱落效应。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，实现一种用于涂覆这类构件的表面的方法，所述方法能够以最小的制造花费实现耐久的粘附层或功能层的施加。
所述任务由根据权利要求1的前序部分的方法结合所述权利要求的特征部分的特征解决。在由该方法制造的构件的说明方面参见权利要求5。权利要求9为高压阀和高压泵命名，所述高压阀/高压泵配备有根据本发明涂覆的构件。相应引用的从属权利要求描述了本发明在方法技术的或产品技术的特征方面的有利扩展方案。
本发明包括方法技术的教导：在施加粘附层或功能层之前首先将金属接合材料引入到由具有氮分量和/或碳分量的硬化钢组成的构件的表面中，以便实现与表面相符地走向的渐变的扩散屏障区，所述扩散屏障区具有金属氮化物和/或金属碳化物的朝着表面增大的分量。
换言之，由此产生与表面相符的扩散屏障区，以便妨碍或防止氮和/或碳从硬化钢侵入到涂层、即粘附层或功能层中。在这里，与表面相符的走向意味着，该扩散屏障区不是表面的涂层，而是侵入到构件的表面中并且因此跟随构件的表面形貌，即不损坏该表面形貌。由此可以得到表面的现有的不平整(Zerklüftung)，从而更好地粘附施加到所述表面上的粘附层或功能层。渐变的扩散屏障区的特征还在于沿着区厚度的浓度梯度，该浓度梯度通过金属氮化物和/或金属碳化物的朝着表面增大的分量产生，所述金属氮化物和/或金属碳化物通过从硬化钢扩散出的氮和/或碳形成。由此产生朝着构件表面的方向的有效的扩散屏障，使得另外的氮和/或碳不再能够达到粘附层或功能层的区域中或者氮或碳到粘附层或功能层中的扩散通过扩散屏障明显地减小。
优选地，金属接合材料的引入通过所述金属接合材料的嵌入或向内扩散实施。本身已知的嵌入涉及接合材料通过电磁场的外部加速，使得该接合材料射入到构建表面中。同样本身已知的向内扩散涉及热工艺，通过所述热工艺将施加到表面上的接合材料在充足的时间中如此高温度地加热，使得进行到构件的表面区域中的填入，所述表面区域同样形成期望的与表面相符地走向的渐变的扩散屏障区。金属接合材料的引入在向内扩散的情况下优选在200至500℃的过程温度中实施。借助于金属接合材料的嵌入或向内扩散实现具有优选200nm、特别优选直至100nm的侵入深度T的层厚度。在此，直至100nm的侵入深度T足够用于实现期望的屏障效应。在此，超过200nm的侵入深度T不导致屏障效果的明显的改善。
用于制造扩散屏障区的金属接合材料由接合金属组中选择出，所述接合金属组包括铬、锰、钼、钨和类似元素。这些金属特别适用于将从硬化钢扩散出的氮和/或碳接合成氮化物或碳化物，以便由此形成扩散屏障区。
然后施加的粘附层或功能层可以由不同的材料组成。优选地，可以将提升粘附的粘附层构造为铬层或钛层，所述铬层或钛层与作为功能层的用于表面调制的硬质材料层共同作用。硬质材料层优选由DLC或CrN、TiN、AlxCryTizN构造。该层结构产生期望的能高负载的构件表面。
由此可以提供高压阀或高压泵的尤其在摩擦方面高负载的构件，例如其控制阀组件、提升活塞或喷嘴针以及它们的对应构件。
附图说明
下面参照附图结合优选实施例的描述共同详细示出改进本发明的措施。附图示出：
图1具有扩散屏障区的构件的表面的涂层的示意性纵剖面，和
图2用于实现根据图1的涂层的步骤顺序的示意性示图。
具体实施方式
根据图1，这里在靠近表面的区域局部示出的构件1由具有氮分量和碳分量的硬化钢组成。构件1的表面2具有相应于金属组织的崎岖的(zerklüftete)表面拓扑，所述表面拓扑在这里以微观尺度示出。这样引入相应地与表面相符地走向的渐变的(graduierte)扩散屏障区，使得呈现出金属氮化物和金属碳化物的朝着表面2的增大的分量，该分量针对以下情况发挥屏障作用：另外的氮和碳可以从硬化钢向外渗出。
在这样改型的表面2上借助于等离子支持的CVD方法施加粘附层或功能层4。在该实施例中，粘附层或功能层4构造为硬质材料层，该硬质材料层由类金刚石碳(DLC)组成。
根据图2，为了涂覆构件1的表面2，该构件由氮化的或碳化的铬镍钢作为硬化的钢合金组成，首先施加金属接合材料5。在这里，金属接合材料5是铬粉。通过将构件1与施加的金属接合材料5加热到约200℃的温度，金属接合材料5在表面2上侵入到构件1中，使得在构件1中构造渐变的扩散屏障区3，该构件朝着表面2的方向具有氮化铬以及碳化铬的增大的分量。在此，这样形成的渐变的扩散屏障区3与表面相符地走向。
然后，将粘附层或功能层4施加到构件1的表面2上，该粘附层或功能层用于最终的表面调制以用于提高构件1的机械负载性。
本发明不局限于上面描述的优选实施例。更确切地说，也可以考虑由下面的权利要求的保护范围包含的变型方案。这样例如也可能的是，替代于最后的功能层，首先将中间加入的粘附层施加到构件表面上，该构件表面随后设有功能层。该层构造按照材料组合导致更改善的层粘附。
Claims (10)
1.用于通过用于表面调制的粘附层或功能层(4)涂覆由具有氮分量和/或碳分量的硬化钢组成的构件(1)的机械高负载的表面(2)的方法，
其特征在于，在施加所述粘附层或功能层(4)之前将金属接合材料(5)引入到所述表面(2)中，以便实现与表面相符地走向的渐变的扩散屏障区(3)，所述扩散屏障区具有金属氮化物和/或金属碳化物的朝着所述表面(2)增大的分量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述金属接合材料(5)的引入通过嵌入或向内扩散实施。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述金属接合材料(5)的引入在向内扩散的情况下在200至500℃的过程温度中实施。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，以直至200纳米、优选直至100纳米的侵入深度(T)实施所述金属接合材料(5)的引入。
5.构件，所述构件根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法涂覆，
其特征在于，用于制造所述扩散屏障区(3)的所述金属接合材料(5)由接合金属组选择出，所述接合金属组包括铬、锰、钼、钨。
6.根据权利要求5所述的构件，
其特征在于，所述粘附层或功能层(4)构造为用于提升粘附的铬合金层或钛合金层或用于表面调制的硬质材料层。
7.根据权利要求5所述的构件，
其特征在于，所述粘附层或功能层(4)构造为由类金刚石碳(DLC)组成的硬质材料层。
8.根据权利要求5所述的构件，
其特征在于，所述构件(1)由作为硬化钢合金的氮化的或碳化的铬镍钢组成。
9.车辆的燃料喷射系统的高压阀或高压泵，所述高压阀或高压泵配备有根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的构件(1)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的高压阀，其中，所述构件(1)实施为燃料喷射器的喷嘴针或控制阀组件。
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| PCT/EP2020/058133 WO2020224859A1 (de) | 2019-05-03 | 2020-03-24 | Verfahren zum beschichten einer mechanisch hochbelasteten oberfläche eines bauteils sowie beschichtetes bauteil selbst |
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| TW544341B (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2003-08-01 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Method for producing chromium carbide coatings |
| CN101233256A (zh) * | 2005-08-02 | 2008-07-30 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 层状铁基合金及其制造方法 |
| WO2018114130A1 (de) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum beschichten eines metallischen bauteils mit einer verschleissschutzschicht, metallisches bauteil sowie kraftstoffeinspritzsystem |
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| DE10213661A1 (de) | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung eines metallischen Substrates |
| DE102005037549A1 (de) | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Beschichtung für mechanisch hochbelastete Bauteile |
| DE102012214284B4 (de) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-03-13 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Gleitelement, insbesondere Kolbenring, mit einer widerstandsfähigen Beschichtung |
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| CN105734527B (zh) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-01-18 | 仪征亚新科双环活塞环有限公司 | 一种用于活塞环表面的类金刚石镀层、活塞环及制备工艺 |
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| TW544341B (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2003-08-01 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Method for producing chromium carbide coatings |
| CN101233256A (zh) * | 2005-08-02 | 2008-07-30 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 层状铁基合金及其制造方法 |
| WO2018114130A1 (de) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum beschichten eines metallischen bauteils mit einer verschleissschutzschicht, metallisches bauteil sowie kraftstoffeinspritzsystem |
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