CN113791028A - Detection device and method for directly detecting soil corrosion rate of metal material - Google Patents
Detection device and method for directly detecting soil corrosion rate of metal material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a detection device and a method for directly detecting the soil corrosion rate of a metal material, wherein the detection device comprises a cathode and an anode, the cathode is provided with holes distributed in an array, the anode is arranged in each hole, the end surfaces of the cathode and the anode are positioned on the same plane, an insulating layer is arranged between the two electrodes, outgoing lines of the cathode and the anode are connected through a galvanometer, and each group of the cathode and the anode form a galvanic couple. The direct detection of the soil corrosion change is realized by adopting a couple pair detection principle, the quantitative detection of the corrosion rate is realized, the defects of complicated analysis and incapability of quantifying in an impedance value and other indirect corrosion rate reflection detection method are overcome, the excessive interference condition of the soil corrosion caused by the fact that the existing array type corrosion sensor needs to adopt external excitation methods such as impedance and polarization to detect the corrosion change is avoided, and the detection result is closer to the actual corrosion condition of a metal material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of corrosion detection, in particular to a detection device and a detection method for directly detecting the soil corrosion rate of a metal material.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The soil corrosion refers to corrosion of metal materials in soil, and the soil corrosion is not easy to be noticed and often causes serious accidents. For example, leakage of oil pipelines due to corrosion, poor grounding of transformer substation grounding grids due to corrosion and breakage, and the like all cause serious safety accidents. In order to prevent such accidents, it is very important to detect the corrosion of soil and accurately and timely grasp the corrosion state of metal materials to soil.
At present, methods such as soil excavation, soil component detection, a sheet embedding method and the like are often adopted as a soil corrosion detection method.
The soil excavation method is to excavate and inspect a member buried in soil, and consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, which makes actual operation difficult. For the grounding grid of a transformer substation and the like, power failure operation is required for excavation inspection, and indirect economic loss caused by excavation of a high-voltage level dry network transformer substation is huge.
The soil component detection method indirectly judges the soil corrosion condition by analyzing the physicochemical properties of soil, however, the soil components change greatly along with time, the soil components in different environments in different regions have great difference, and the result deviation of the method is large.
The embedded slice method is a method for analyzing a sample embedded in soil after corrosion, and the result is relatively accurate, but the time period of the method is 1 to 2 years as short as possible and several years as long as possible, and only initial data before the sample is embedded in the soil and data after the sample is corroded can be obtained, and corrosion process data during embedding cannot be obtained.
Since soil corrosion is electrochemical corrosion, detection thereof by an electrochemical method has rapidly progressed in recent years, and a linear polarization resistance method, an impedance method, a step potential method, and the like are used for soil corrosion detection.
However, the electrochemical detection method is suitable for detecting the corrosion condition of a local area or reflecting the overall average corrosion condition in a large range, the soil corrosion of the metal material always occurs unevenly, the damage caused by uneven corrosion is larger, and the existing common electrochemical detection method cannot comprehensively reflect the soil corrosion condition. In contrast, the difference of local corrosion is resolved by using an array electrode corrosion sensor, however, the array electrode corrosion sensor is made of the same material, different electrodes are alternately used as working electrodes and auxiliary electrodes, electrochemical signals are measured through external excitation, and the difference of local corrosion is obtained through analysis. The electrodes in the sensor are switched between the working electrode and the auxiliary electrode, the corrosion system of the sensor is greatly interfered, the formed weak environment difference of local corrosion is changed, and the deviation of a detection result is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background technology, the invention provides a detection device and a detection method for directly detecting the soil corrosion rate of a metal material, aiming at the problems that the existing electrochemical method for detecting the soil corrosion results has single corrosion condition and poor guidance, the detection device and the detection method can effectively reflect the local pitting condition and the overall corrosion condition, can continuously and accurately detect the soil corrosion process to obtain the corrosion data of the whole process, and provide more sufficient and effective data for researching the soil corrosion behavior.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a detection device for directly detecting the soil corrosion rate of a metal material, which comprises a cathode and an anode, wherein the cathode is provided with holes distributed in an array manner, the anode is arranged in each hole, the end surfaces of the cathode and the anode are positioned on the same plane, an insulating layer is arranged between the two electrodes, outgoing lines of the cathode and the anode are connected through a galvanometer, and each group of the cathode and the anode form a galvanic couple.
The anode is made of cylindrical metal material to be detected.
The cathode is made of porous array inert conductor material.
Each group of anodes is respectively arranged in the middle of the hole of the cathode, the two electrodes are separated by an insulating layer, and each group of anodes and the corresponding cathode form a galvanic couple.
Each group of galvanic couple pairs are connected through a conducting wire to form an array type galvanic couple distribution group.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for detecting the soil corrosion rate of a metal material based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
and placing the detection device on the surface of a soil environment to be detected, wherein each anode and each cathode are in contact with the soil, obtaining the current flowing through each group of galvanic couple pairs, and reflecting the corrosion difference of each measuring point on the surface of the detection device in the detected soil area.
The method also comprises a calibration process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
placing a metal embedded sheet sample and a detection device, wherein the metal embedded sheet sample and the detection device are made of the same material as the anode of the detection device, connecting an adjustable resistor in series at the outlet end of the detection device, adjusting the resistance value, accumulating and calculating to obtain the whole corrosion electric quantity of the detection device by using the corrosion current obtained by each group of couple pairs of the detection device, and converting the whole corrosion electric quantity into the whole corrosion quantity by Faraday's law;
and when the detection result of the detection device is the same as the corrosion rate of the embedded chip sample, the resistance value at the moment is the resistance value required by calibration.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme or the technical schemes have the following beneficial effects;
1. the direct detection of the soil corrosion change is realized by adopting the detection principle of the couple pair, the quantitative detection of the corrosion rate is realized, and the defects of complicated analysis and incapability of quantification in a corrosion rate detection method indirectly reflected by impedance values and the like are avoided.
2. The direct detection of current flowing when the metal material is corroded is realized, the excessive interference condition of the existing array type corrosion sensor on the soil corrosion caused by the fact that the corrosion change is detected by adopting external excitation methods such as impedance and polarization is avoided, and the detection result is closer to the actual corrosion condition of the metal material.
3. The synchronous detection of all galvanic couples on corrosion is adopted, the problem that different electrode corrosion detection results are asynchronous due to external excitation of the existing array type corrosion sensor in a cyclic scanning overlapping lengthening period is avoided, and the synchronous precision of the soil corrosion detection results is improved.
4. A cylindrical metal anode and a cathode are adopted to form a galvanic couple, so that the corrosion detection of a micro area is realized.
5. The corrosion of a metal material in a larger area in a soil environment is simulated by adopting array-distributed galvanic couple pair corrosion, and the corrosion difference identification caused by the change of microenvironments at different positions in the soil corrosion can be accurately realized.
6. By adopting the array detection method, visual analysis and corrosion state identification can be conveniently carried out after data processing.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a top view of a display according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure from a side view according to one or more embodiments of the invention;
in the figure: 1. a cathode; 2. an anode; 3. an insulating layer; 4. a constant value resistor; 5. a lead wire; 6. a zero resistance current meter.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The following embodiments are directed at the problem that the existing electrochemical method for detecting the soil corrosion results reflects single corrosion conditions and is poor in instructive property, can effectively reflect local pitting corrosion conditions and overall corrosion conditions, can continuously and accurately detect the soil corrosion process to obtain corrosion data of the whole process, and provide more sufficient and effective data for researching soil corrosion behaviors.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in the figure 1-2, the detection device for directly detecting the soil corrosion rate of the metal material comprises a cathode 1 and an anode 2, wherein the cathode 1 is provided with holes distributed in an array, the anode 2 is arranged in each hole, the end faces of the cathode 1 and the anode 2 are positioned on the same plane, an insulating layer 3 is arranged between the two electrodes, outgoing lines of the cathode 1 and the anode 2 are connected through a galvanometer, and each group of the cathode 1 and the anode 2 form a galvanic couple.
In this embodiment, a metal material is selected as the anode 2 and is formed into a small cylindrical shape.
In this embodiment, an inert conductor material is used as the cathode 1 to form a porous array.
The cylindrical metal anodes are respectively arranged in the middle of the holes of the cathode and form a galvanic couple with the cylindrical metal, the two electrodes are separated by insulating materials, and the surfaces of the two electrodes are ensured to be on the same plane.
The leading-out wire of each cylindrical metal anode is respectively connected with the corresponding cathode to form an array couple distribution group to form the integral sensor.
In this embodiment, the outgoing line of each couple pair is connected to the zero resistance ammeter 6 to detect the corrosion current of each cylindrical metal anode, and when the zero resistance ammeter 6 is connected, the outgoing line of the cathode 1 needs to be connected in series with a fixed value resistor 4 to protect the zero resistance ammeter 6.
Example two:
the embodiment provides a detection method for realizing the soil corrosion rate of a metal material based on the detection device, which comprises the following steps:
the structure of the embodiment is placed on the surface of a soil environment to be detected, each anode and each cathode are in contact with soil, the current detected by each cylindrical metal anode is calculated and analyzed, the current flowing through each group of galvanic couples, namely the corrosion difference of each measuring point on the surface of the detection device, is obtained according to the corresponding position of the current, and the corrosion difference of different areas in the soil area to be detected is reflected by the distribution of the current difference on the surface of the detection device.
And comprehensively calculating and analyzing the detection current of all the cylindrical metal anodes, and giving out the average corrosion condition of the detection device to reflect the average corrosion condition in the soil area to be detected.
The corrosion rate is converted by the corrosion current in the following way: and calculating corrosion current to obtain the amount of electric charge flowing in unit time, and converting the amount of electric charge into the corrosion consumption of unit test piece metal according to the Faraday law, so that the corrosion rate can be calculated. However, after the galvanic couple is applied, the corrosion rate of the metal material itself is affected to a certain extent, and the corrosion process of the metal material is accelerated by the effect, so that the adjustment and calibration are needed.
The calibration process comprises the following steps:
placing the structure of the embodiment in a soil environment to be detected, simultaneously placing a metal embedded sheet sample which is made of the same material as the anode of the detection device in the same soil environment, wherein each anode and each cathode are in contact with the soil, and obtaining current flowing through each group of galvanic couples, namely corrosion current of each group of galvanic couples;
and connecting an adjustable resistor in series at the wire outlet end of the detection device, adjusting the resistance value, utilizing the corrosion current obtained by each group of couple pairs of the detection device, accumulating and calculating to obtain the integral corrosion electric quantity of the detection device, and converting the Faraday law into the integral corrosion quantity.
And when the detection result of the detection device is the same as the corrosion rate of the embedded chip sample, the resistance value at the moment is the resistance value required by calibration.
When the adjustable resistor is connected in series with a loop of the cathode, the anode and the zero resistance galvanometer, the resistance value of the adjustable resistor is selected under the uniform soil environment, the corrosion test of the detection device and the embedded piece sample is synchronized, and the adjustable resistance value is adjusted according to the corrosion rate of the embedded piece sample, so that the detection result of the detection device is the same as the corrosion rate of the sample.
Putting a metal sample with the same material as the anode into a soil environment corrosion test box, controlling the soil environment condition to carry out a corrosion test, and weighing a corrosion product to obtain corrosion weight loss;
and selecting the corrosion weight loss of the metal sample in unit area in the soil environment corrosion test process, taking the resistance value when the corrosion amount in unit area is equal to the calculated corrosion amount in unit area as a resistance calibration value in the detection loop, and connecting the calibrated resistance in the detection loop in series.
The shape of the anode is not limited, and anodes with other shapes can be used.
According to the structure and the detection mode, the direct detection of the soil corrosion change is realized by adopting the detection principle of the couple pair, the corrosion rate can be quantitatively detected through conversion, and the defects of complicated analysis and incapability of quantifying in a detection method for indirectly reflecting the corrosion rate such as an impedance value are overcome.
The direct detection of current flowing when the metal material is corroded is realized, the excessive interference condition of the existing array type corrosion sensor on the soil corrosion caused by the fact that the corrosion change is detected by adopting external excitation methods such as impedance and polarization is avoided, and the detection result is closer to the actual corrosion condition of the metal material.
The synchronous detection of all galvanic couples on corrosion is adopted, the problem that different electrode corrosion detection results are asynchronous due to external excitation of the existing array type corrosion sensor in a cyclic scanning overlapping lengthening period is avoided, and the synchronous precision of the soil corrosion detection results is improved.
A small cylindrical metal anode and a cathode form a galvanic couple pair, so that the corrosion detection of a micro area is realized.
The corrosion of a metal material in a larger area in a soil environment is simulated by adopting array-distributed galvanic couple pair corrosion, and the corrosion difference identification caused by the change of microenvironments at different positions in the soil corrosion can be accurately realized.
By adopting the array detection method, visual analysis and corrosion state identification can be conveniently carried out after data processing.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a detection apparatus for direct detection metal material soil corrosion rate which characterized in that: the device comprises a cathode and an anode, wherein the cathode is provided with holes distributed in an array, the anode is arranged in each hole, the end faces of the cathode and the anode are positioned on the same plane, an insulating layer is arranged between the two electrodes, outgoing lines of the cathode and the anode are connected through an ammeter, and each group of the cathode and the anode form a galvanic couple.
2. The apparatus for detecting the soil corrosion rate of metallic materials according to claim 1, wherein: the anode is made of a metal material to be detected.
3. The apparatus for detecting the soil corrosion rate of metallic materials according to claim 1, wherein: the anode is cylindrical.
4. The apparatus for detecting the soil corrosion rate of metallic materials according to claim 1, wherein: the cathode is made of an inert conductor material.
5. The apparatus for detecting the soil corrosion rate of metallic materials according to claim 1, wherein: the cathode is a porous array structure.
6. The apparatus for detecting the soil corrosion rate of metallic materials according to claim 1, wherein: each group of anodes is respectively arranged in the middle of the hole of the cathode, the two electrodes are separated by an insulating layer, and each group of anodes and the corresponding cathode form a galvanic couple.
7. The apparatus for detecting the soil corrosion rate of metallic materials according to claim 6, wherein: each group of galvanic couple pairs are connected through a conducting wire to form an array type galvanic couple distribution group.
8. The method for detecting the soil corrosion rate of the metal material based on the device of claim 1 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
placing the detection device on the surface of a soil environment to be detected, wherein each anode and each cathode are in contact with the soil;
and obtaining the current flowing through each group of galvanic couples to reflect the corrosion difference of each measuring point on the surface of the detection device in the detected soil area.
9. The method for directly detecting the soil corrosion rate of a metal material according to claim 8, wherein: the calibration process is also completed by connecting an adjustable resistor in series at the wire outlet end of the detection device.
10. The method for directly detecting the soil corrosion rate of a metal material according to claim 9, wherein: the calibration process specifically comprises the following steps:
placing a metal embedded sheet sample and a detection device, wherein the metal embedded sheet sample and the detection device are made of the same material as the anode of the detection device, connecting an adjustable resistor in series at the outlet end of the detection device, adjusting the resistance value, accumulating and calculating to obtain the whole corrosion electric quantity of the detection device by using the corrosion current obtained by each group of couple pairs of the detection device, and converting the whole corrosion electric quantity into the whole corrosion quantity by Faraday's law;
and when the detection result of the detection device is the same as the corrosion rate of the embedded chip sample, the resistance value at the moment is the resistance value required by calibration.
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| CN115728224A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Sensor for monitoring corrosion of weld joint of wire loop of coal mine conveying pipe and corrosion detection method |
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