CN113785696B

CN113785696B - Harvesting roller capable of being disassembled and replaced quickly, cotton picking platform and cotton combine harvester

Info

Publication number: CN113785696B
Application number: CN202111149108.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴腾; 孙勇飞; 孔凡婷; 石磊; 陈长林; 谢庆; 刘磊
Original assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2021-09-29
Filing date: 2021-09-29
Publication date: 2022-06-14
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-29
Also published as: CN113785696A

Abstract

The invention discloses a harvesting roller capable of being quickly disassembled and replaced, a cotton picking platform and a cotton combine harvester, wherein the harvesting roller comprises a shaft body, a harvesting assembly and a fixed pressing plate; a plurality of mounting grooves for mounting the harvesting unit are formed on the shaft body; two harvesting assemblies and a fixed pressing plate are arranged corresponding to each mounting groove; the base of each harvesting assembly is limited by the edge blocking part on the shaft body and the fixed pressing plate respectively; the fixed pressure plate is detachable relative to the shaft body. According to the harvesting roller, the cotton picking table and the cotton combine harvester which can be rapidly disassembled and replaced, the cotton boll shells and the cotton bolls are knocked down by using the knocking force generated by the harvesting component on the harvesting roller when the shaft body rotates, so that all the objects which can be picked at one time and collected; the quick-release structure on the harvesting roller enables the quick-wear parts on the harvesting roller to be quickly detached and replaced; combine still includes the straw and smashes still field device, clears up the straw by the way when realizing gathering, and is multiple functional, has avoided the trouble of post processing after picking.

Description

Harvesting roller capable of being disassembled and replaced quickly, cotton picking platform and cotton combine harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a harvesting roller, a cotton picking platform and a cotton combine harvester which can be quickly disassembled and replaced.

Background

The traditional cotton harvester is mainly a horizontal spindle type cotton harvester, cotton which is well bolled is harvested through spindles, cotton bolls, bolls and hulls and the like are left in a cotton field, and some planters choose to harvest for the second time and then perform straw treatment; most growers directly use a straw crushing and returning machine to crush and return to the field after harvesting once, and cotton which is subsequently bolled and bloomed cannot be harvested, so that the loss is large. The two-time harvesting increases the harvesting operation cost, and meanwhile, many farmers hope to collect the shells of the bells and the like as feed additives for cattle and sheep, so that the income is increased. The direct crushing and returning to the field causes waste, the secondary harvesting increases the cost, the harvesting process is more, the economy is poorer, and the income of farmers cannot be increased. At present, no efficient combined operation machine which can harvest cotton, cotton bolls and boll shells at one time and crush straws exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a harvesting roller, a cotton picking platform and a cotton combine harvester which can harvest cotton, cotton bolls and boll shells at one time and can be quickly disassembled and replaced.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the harvesting roller capable of being quickly disassembled and replaced comprises a shaft body, a harvesting assembly and a fixed pressing plate;

the shaft body is provided with a plurality of boss parts extending along the axial direction of the shaft body, so that a plurality of mounting grooves for mounting the harvesting component are formed on the circumferential direction of the shaft body; one end of each boss part facing outwards is provided with a flange part extending towards two sides;

the recovery assembly comprises a base and a recovery unit; the base is provided with a connecting part for connecting the harvesting unit and two limiting parts extending from the root part of the connecting part to two sides;

two harvesting assemblies and one fixed pressing plate are mounted corresponding to each mounting groove; the two limiting parts of the base of each harvesting assembly are respectively limited by the edge retaining part and the fixed pressing plate;

the fixed pressure plate is detachable relative to the shaft body.

Furthermore, the fixed pressing plate is T-shaped and is provided with a leaning part leaning against the bottom of the mounting groove and two blocking parts used for limiting the limiting part.

Further, the lateral fixing plate is further included and fixed at the end of the shaft body.

Further, the two ends of the base are respectively provided with a boss part, and the lateral fixing plate is provided with a hole for the boss part to be embedded into.

Further, the lateral fixing plate is provided with a first round pipe part; gather the outside frame of roller and have second pipe portion, first pipe portion with second pipe portion registrates each other and can the rotation each other.

Further, the harvesting unit is a scraper fixed on the base by screws.

A cotton picking station comprises a plurality of groups of picking monomers and a transverse conveying device for collecting materials picked by all the picking monomers;

each group of picking monomers comprises a machine base, wherein two groups of picking rollers, two grain dividers and two groups of longitudinal conveying devices are symmetrically arranged on the machine base; the crop divider is used for guiding crops to be between the two groups of harvesting rollers; two sets of longitudinal conveying devices are arranged on two sides of the two sets of harvesting rollers, and the rear sides of the longitudinal conveying devices are connected with the transverse conveying devices.

Further, the inclination angle of the picking monomer relative to the ground is 30 degrees.

A cotton combine harvester comprises the cotton picking platform, a movable vehicle body, a pneumatic conveying system, a straw crushing and returning device and a cotton collecting box;

The cotton picking platform is arranged on the front side of the movable vehicle body, and the straw crushing and returning device is arranged on the lower side of the movable vehicle body; the cotton collecting box is arranged on the rear side of the movable vehicle body; and the pneumatic conveying system is connected with the transverse conveying device and the cotton collecting box.

Further, the cotton collecting box is connected with the movable vehicle body through a dumping device.

Has the advantages that: when the harvesting roller, the cotton picking table and the cotton combine harvester which can be rapidly disassembled and replaced are used, the two harvesting rollers operate in parallel, and cotton, cotton boll shells and cotton bolls are knocked down by the knocking force generated by the harvesting components on the harvesting rollers when the shaft body rotates, so that all the objects which can be picked at one time and collected; the quick-release structure on the harvesting roller enables the quick-wear parts on the harvesting roller to be quickly detached and replaced; combine still includes the straw and smashes still field device, clears up the straw by the way when realizing gathering, and is multiple functional, has avoided the trouble of post processing after picking.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side view of a harvesting roller;

FIG. 2 is a view showing a structure of a shaft body;

FIG. 3 is a side view of a harvesting roller with a side mounting plate;

FIG. 4 is a top view of a harvesting roller with a lateral securing plate;

FIG. 5 is a view of the construction of a lateral fixation plate;

FIG. 6 is a structural view of an anti-wind device;

FIG. 7 is a view of the structure of a cotton picking station;

FIG. 8 is a side view structural view of a cotton picking station;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a picking unit (without lateral brushes);

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a cotton combine;

FIG. 11 is a view showing the structure of the straw cutting and returning apparatus;

FIG. 12 is a view showing a combination structure of the hopper and the dumping device;

figure 13 is a block diagram of a harvesting roller in another embodiment.

In the figure: 1-a harvesting roller; 11-a shaft body; 111-a boss portion; a-a bead portion; 112-mounting grooves; 12-a recovery assembly; 121-a base; b-a connecting part; c-a limiting part; f-a projection; 122-a recovery unit; 123-a roller; 13-fixing the pressing plate; d-an abutment; e-a barrier; 14-lateral fixation plate; a 141-type hole; 142-a first round tube portion; 2-a machine base; 21-a second round tube part; 22-a pushing unit; 221-wave-shaped profile; 3-a transverse conveying device; 31-a material conveying groove; 32-a bidirectional auger; 4-a divider; 5-longitudinal conveying device; 6, moving the vehicle body; 61-cab; 7-a pneumatic conveying system; 8-straw crushing and returning device; 81-device frame body; 82-crushing knife roll; 83-flail knife; 84-a second link; 85-a second adjusting oil cylinder; 91-cotton collecting box; 92-a pouring device; 921-supporting frame; 922-turning over the rotating shaft; 923-lifting the oil cylinder; 10-a suspension device; 101-a first link; 102-a first adjusting oil cylinder; a, picking monomers; a 1-power input shaft; a2-shaft coupling; a3-lateral brush.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The quick-change recovery roller 1 shown in figure 1 comprises a shaft body 11, a recovery assembly 12 and a fixed pressure plate 13, wherein the recovery assembly 12 and the fixed pressure plate 13 are both arranged on the shaft body 11.

The harvesting assembly 12 comprises a base 121 and a harvesting unit 122, the harvesting unit 122 is a part directly acting on a target object, when the harvesting assembly is used, the shaft body 11 can actively rotate, the harvesting assembly 12 rotates along with the shaft body 11 and acts on the target objects of cotton, cotton bolls and boll shells of cotton and knocks down the target objects, therefore, the harvesting unit 122 is easy to wear and tear and needs to be frequently replaced, the harvesting unit 122 is installed on the shaft body 11 through the base 121 and fixedly connected with the shaft body through screws, rivets or other fastening modes, and when the harvesting unit 122 needs to be replaced, the base 121 needs to be detached from the shaft body 11. The harvesting unit 122 may be a squeegee or a brush.

In order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the harvesting assembly 12, as shown in fig. 2, three boss portions 111 extending along the axial direction of the shaft body 11 are formed on the shaft body 11, so that three mounting grooves 112 for mounting the harvesting assembly 12 are formed on the circumferential direction of the shaft body 11; each outward end of the boss part 111 is provided with a flange part a extending towards two sides; the base 121 is provided with a connecting part b for connecting the harvesting unit 122 and two limiting parts c extending from the root of the connecting part b to two sides; as shown in fig. 1, two harvesting assemblies 12 and one fixed pressing plate 13 are mounted corresponding to each mounting groove 112; the two limiting parts c of the base 121 of each harvesting component 12 are respectively limited by the edge retaining part a and the fixed pressing plate 13; the fixed presser plate 13 is detachable with respect to the shaft body 11.

Preferably, the fixed pressing plate 13 is T-shaped, and has an abutting portion d abutting against the bottom of the mounting groove 112 and two blocking portions e for limiting the limiting portion c. When the fixed pressing plate 13 is mounted on the shaft body 11, since the abutting portion d abuts against the bottom of the mounting groove 112, the fixed pressing plate 13 is mounted more firmly without looseness.

Through the structure, the base 121 of the harvesting component 12 does not need to be installed on the shaft body 11 through fasteners such as screws, and the two harvesting components 12 in the same mounting groove 112 can be installed on the shaft body 11 through one fixed pressing plate 13, so that the rapid disassembly and assembly of the harvesting unit 12 can be realized. Specifically, when the harvesting components 12 need to be detached, the fixed pressing plate 13 is detached first, and then the two harvesting components 12 corresponding to the fixed pressing plate 13 can be taken out; when a new harvesting component 12 needs to be installed, corresponding to the same installation groove 112, the bases 121 of the two harvesting components 12 are placed in the installation groove 112 respectively, one limiting part c of each base 121 is embedded in a gap between the edge blocking part a and the groove bottom, then the fixed pressing plate 13 is placed, two blocking parts e of the fixed pressing plate 13 press the other limiting part c of the two bases 121 respectively, and finally the fixed pressing plate 13 is fixed relative to the shaft body 11. The above-described operation process is significantly convenient compared to a scheme of individually fixing each base 121 to the shaft body 11 by a screw, and operation efficiency can be improved.

In the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-4, the harvesting roller 1 further comprises a lateral fixing plate 14, the lateral fixing plate 14 is fixed at one end of the shaft 11, and the lateral fixing plate 14 can limit the axial position of the base 121, so that the base 121 cannot move axially.

Preferably, the base 121 has a protrusion f at each end, and as shown in fig. 3, the lateral fixing plate 14 has a hole 141 formed therein for the protrusion f to be inserted. With this configuration, radial movement of recovery assembly 12 is effectively prevented, allowing recovery assembly 12 to effectively engage shaft 11.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the lateral fixing plate 14 has a first round tube portion 142; the frame 2 outside the harvesting roller 1 has a second round pipe part 21, as shown in fig. 6, the first round pipe part 142 and the second round pipe part 21 are mutually sleeved and can rotate mutually. The axial length of the first round pipe part 142 and the second round pipe part 21 is short, so that the distance between the main part of the lateral fixing plate 14 and the engine base 2 is small, and the blocking effect of the first round pipe part 142 and the second round pipe part 21 can prevent foreign matters such as weeds and the like from being wound on the shaft body 11 during work.

In the second embodiment, in order to obtain better harvesting effect, as shown in fig. 13, each base 121 can slide axially relative to the shaft body 11; one end of each base 121 is provided with a roller 123, and a spring is arranged between the other end of each base and the shaft body 11; the frame 2 outside the harvesting roller 1 is fixedly provided with a pushing unit 22, the pushing unit 22 is cylindrical, one side end surface of the pushing unit 22 is provided with a wave-shaped profile 221, and the roller 123 on each base 121 is always in contact with the wave-shaped profile 221, so that when the shaft body 11 rotates, the roller 123 moves up and down along the wave-shaped profile 221, and can push the bases 121 to move in a reciprocating manner in the axial direction of the shaft body 11. In actual use, harvesting rollers 1 are used in pairs, and pushing units 22 corresponding to two harvesting rollers 1 make bases 121 on two harvesting rollers 1 perform asymmetric translational movement, so that harvesting units 122 on two harvesting rollers 1, which are in contact with crops, perform axial relative translational movement, and cooperate with flapping of harvesting units 122 on fruits, so as to further improve harvesting effect.

The invention also provides a cotton picking platform, which comprises a plurality of groups of picking monomers A and a transverse conveying device 3 for collecting materials picked by all the picking monomers A, as shown in the attached figures 7 to 8;

as shown in fig. 9, each picking unit a comprises a frame 2, on which the harvesting roller 1, two grain dividers 4 and two sets of longitudinal conveying devices 5 are symmetrically mounted; the nearside dividers 4 are used for guiding crops to be between the two groups of harvesting rollers 1, the two groups of harvesting rollers 1 are arranged in parallel, the gap between the two groups of harvesting rollers 1 is small, and the two groups of harvesting rollers 1 move in a constant speed and reverse direction, so that the harvesting units 122 can knock down target objects such as cotton, cotton bolls and boll shells on the crops when the two groups of harvesting rollers rotate; two sets of longitudinal conveying devices 5 are arranged on two sides of the two sets of harvesting rollers 1, the rear sides of the longitudinal conveying devices 5 are connected with the transverse conveying devices 3, and target objects knocked down by the harvesting units 122 enter the longitudinal conveying devices 5 on the two sides and are conveyed into the transverse conveying devices 3 by the longitudinal conveying devices 5. Above-mentioned vertical conveyor 5 is screw feeder conveyor, and above-mentioned transverse conveying device 3 includes material conveyer groove 31 and rotates the two-way screw feeder 32 of installing in material conveyer groove, and two-way screw feeder 32 is installed in material conveyer groove 31, possesses two sets of helices to opposite soon on the two-way screw feeder 32, and when two-way screw feeder rotated, two sets of helices were carried the material of material conveyer groove 31 both sides to the middle part of material conveyer groove and was exported in unison.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 8, the inclination angle of the picking monomer a relative to the ground is 30 °, and when the cotton stalk plants and the picking roller 1 are harvested at the inclination angle, an included angle of about 90 ° can be realized, which is beneficial to harvesting cotton and cotton bolls, and can effectively reduce the harvesting loss.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, each picking unit comprises a plurality of transverse brushes A3, the bristles of the transverse brushes A3 are transversely arranged above the picking roller 1, the transverse brushes A3 can prevent the materials falling from the picking roller 1 from flying outwards and falling out of the picking table to cause unnecessary loss, and most of the materials can enter the longitudinal conveying device 5 through blocking of the transverse brushes A3.

Each picking unit A is respectively provided with a power input shaft A1, the power input shaft A1 is used for connecting power and transmitting the power to the picking roller 1 and the longitudinal conveying device 5, the power input shafts A1 of adjacent picking units A are connected through a shaft coupling A2, and one power input shaft A1 is connected with a power source, thus all the picking units A are driven by the same power source, the driving cost can be saved, in addition, the number of the picking units A can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs, the row spacing between the picking units A can also be adjusted according to the planting row spacing of cotton, and the cotton picking table has good adaptability.

The invention also provides a cotton combine harvester, which comprises the cotton picking platform, a movable vehicle body 6, a pneumatic conveying system 7, a straw crushing and returning device 8 and a cotton collecting box 91, as shown in the attached drawing 10; the moving vehicle body 6 has a cab 61.

The cotton picking platform is arranged on the front side of the movable vehicle body 6 through a suspension device 10, and the straw crushing and returning device 8 is arranged on the lower side of the movable vehicle body 6; the cotton collecting box 91 is installed at the rear side of the moving vehicle body 6; the pneumatic conveying system 7 is connected with the transverse conveying device 3 and the cotton collecting box 91 and is used for conveying the materials output by the transverse conveying device 3 to the cotton collecting box 91 through air flow. In order to facilitate the pouring out of the material, the collecting box 91 is connected to the mobile car body 6 by a pouring device 92.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, the suspension device 10 includes two first connecting rods 101 and a first adjusting cylinder 102, wherein two ends of each first connecting rod 101 are respectively hinged to the moving vehicle body 6 and the cotton picking table, four hinge points on the two first connecting rods 101 form four corner points of a parallelogram, and the first adjusting cylinder 102 is installed between the moving vehicle body 6 and the cotton picking table, so that the ground clearance of the suspension device 10 can be adjusted by driving the first adjusting cylinder 102 to operate, and the inclination angle of the picking unit a is not changed during adjustment.

As shown in fig. 11, the straw crushing and returning device 8 comprises a device frame 81, a crushing knife roll 82 and flail knives 83; a plurality of groups of flail knives 83 are arranged on the crushing knife roll 82, and the crushing knife roll 82 can rotate relative to the device frame body 81; the device frame 81 is installed on the moving vehicle body 6 through a second connecting rod 84 and a second adjusting cylinder 85, so that the ground clearance of the crushing cutter roll 82 can be adjusted by driving the second adjusting cylinder 85 to achieve better crushing effect.

The pneumatic conveying system 7 comprises a conveying pipeline, wherein air flow is input into the conveying pipeline by a high-speed fan to generate negative pressure, and materials picked by the cotton picking platform are conveyed to the cotton collecting box 91 by the air flow.

As shown in fig. 12, a side of the cotton collecting box 91 is an inclined plane, the dumping device 92 comprises a support frame 921, a turning rotating shaft 922 and a lifting oil cylinder 923, the turning rotating shaft 922 hinges the upper side of the inclined plane of the cotton collecting box 91 on the support frame 921, the lifting oil cylinder 923 connects the cotton collecting box 91 with the support frame 921, and the cotton collecting box 91 can be controlled to turn over by controlling the lifting oil cylinder 923, so that the material can be poured out along the inclined plane.

When the harvesting roller, the cotton picking table and the cotton combine harvester which can be rapidly disassembled and replaced are used, the two harvesting rollers operate in parallel, and cotton, cotton boll shells and cotton bolls are knocked down by the knocking force generated by the harvesting components on the harvesting rollers when the shaft body rotates, so that all the objects which can be picked at one time and collected; the quick-release structure on the recovery roller enables the quick-wear parts on the recovery roller to be quickly disassembled and replaced; combine still includes the straw and smashes still field device, clears up the straw by the way when realizing gathering, and is multiple functional, has avoided the trouble of post processing after picking.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A harvesting roller (1) capable of being rapidly disassembled and replaced is characterized by comprising a shaft body (11), a harvesting component (12) and a fixed pressing plate (13);

a plurality of boss parts (111) extending along the axial direction of the shaft body (11) are formed on the shaft body (11), so that a plurality of mounting grooves (112) for mounting the harvesting component (12) are formed on the circumferential direction of the shaft body (11); each boss part (111) is provided with a flange part (a) extending towards two sides at one end facing outwards;

the recovery assembly (12) comprises a base (121) and a recovery unit (122); the base (121) is provided with a connecting part (b) for connecting the harvesting unit (122) and two limiting parts (c) extending from the root of the connecting part (b) to two sides;

two harvesting assemblies (12) and one fixed platen (13) are mounted corresponding to each mounting slot (112); the two limiting parts (c) of the base (121) of each harvesting component (12) are respectively limited by the edge retaining part (a) and the fixed pressing plate (13);

The fixed pressure plate (13) can be detached relative to the shaft body (11).

2. A quick-change harvesting roller (1) according to claim 1 characterized in that the stationary platen (13) is T-shaped with an abutment (d) against the bottom of the mounting groove (112) and two stops (e) for limiting the stop (c).

3. A quick-change harvesting roller (1) according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a lateral fixing plate (14), the lateral fixing plate (14) being fixed at the end of the shaft body (11).

4. The quick-replaceable harvesting roller (1) according to claim 3, wherein the base (121) has a protrusion (f) at each end, and the lateral fixing plate (14) is formed with a hole (141) into which the protrusion (f) is inserted.

5. A quick-change harvesting roller (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the lateral securing plate (14) has a first round pipe section (142) thereon; gather frame (2) of roller (1) outside and have second round pipe portion (21), first round pipe portion (142) with second round pipe portion (21) registrate each other and can rotate each other.

6. A quick-change harvesting roller (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the harvesting unit (122) is a scraper which is fixed to the base (121) by screws.

7. A cotton picking station comprising a plurality of groups of picking units and a transverse conveyor (3) for collecting material picked by all of the picking units;

each group of picking units comprises a machine base (2) on which two groups of picking rollers (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, two crop dividers (4) and two groups of longitudinal conveying devices (5) are symmetrically mounted; the nearside dividers (4) are used for guiding crops to the space between the two groups of harvesting rollers (1); two sets of longitudinal conveying devices (5) are arranged on two sides of the two sets of harvesting rollers (1), and the rear sides of the longitudinal conveying devices (5) are connected with the transverse conveying devices (3).

8. The cotton picking station of claim 7, wherein the angle of inclination of the picking units relative to the ground is 30 °.

9. A cotton combine harvester, characterized in that it comprises a cotton picking station as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a moving vehicle body (6), a pneumatic conveying system (7), a straw crushing and returning device (8) and a cotton collecting box (91);

the cotton picking platform is arranged on the front side of the movable vehicle body (6), and the straw crushing and returning device (8) is arranged on the lower side of the movable vehicle body (6); the cotton collecting box (91) is arranged at the rear side of the movable vehicle body (6); the pneumatic conveying system (7) is connected with the transverse conveying device (3) and the cotton collecting box (91).

10. The cotton combine harvester according to claim 9, wherein the hopper (91) is connected to the mobile vehicle body (6) by a dumping device (92).