CN113784238A

CN113784238A - Spectrum resource transaction method and system based on block chain network

Info

Publication number: CN113784238A
Application number: CN202110828334.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨辉; 赵婧涵; 姚秋彦; 包博文; 李超; 孙政洁; 张�杰
Original assignee: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Current assignee: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Priority date: 2021-06-30
Filing date: 2021-07-21
Publication date: 2021-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-21
Also published as: CN113784238B

Abstract

The invention provides a frequency spectrum resource trading method and a frequency spectrum resource trading system based on a blockchain network, wherein the blockchain network comprises a trading participation node and an administrator node, and the trading participation node comprises an operator node and a user node. The method combines the optical network spectrum resource transaction with the blockchain, constructs a spectrum resource transaction framework based on the licensed blockchain, designs a series of intelligent contracts on the blockchain to realize the spectrum transaction between the user node and the operator node, and allows the current leaseholder node with the idle spectrum to perform the idle spectrum transaction in the secondary market. By using the method and the system provided by the disclosure, the operator node and the user node perform the transaction of the spectrum resource through the blockchain network, and the user node can purchase the spectrum from the operator node with sufficient spectrum in a spectrum transaction mode, so that the current idle spectrum resource can be fully utilized, and the waste of the spectrum resource is avoided.

Description

Spectrum resource transaction method and system based on block chain network

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a spectrum resource transaction method and system based on a block chain network.

Background

In an optical network, with the increasing demand of optical network services, the demand of the optical network for spectrum resources is greatly increased. Spectrum is an important network resource and should be used effectively in resource allocation. The operator has a plurality of network slices based on network virtualization, and each network slice has a certain number of users. According to the spectrum demand of each user, the phenomenon of unbalanced spectrum resources can occur, and the user needing the spectrum can rent the spectrum to the operator with the sufficient spectrum in a spectrum transaction mode, so that the problem of unbalanced spectrum resources is solved. Therefore, based on the scenario, a spectrum transaction strategy between an operator and other spectrum users is researched, and the spectrum allocation method capable of fully utilizing spectrum resources and avoiding spectrum resource waste is provided, so that the method has very important significance for fully utilizing spectrum resources and avoiding resource waste.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an objective of the present disclosure is to provide a spectrum resource transaction method and system based on a blockchain network, so as to solve or partially solve the above technical problems.

In view of the above, a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a spectrum resource transaction method based on a blockchain network, where the blockchain network includes: a transaction participation node and an administrator node, the transaction participation node comprising: an operator node and a user node, the method comprising:

the administrator node issues an intelligent contract to the blockchain network;

the transaction participation node receives the intelligent contract through the blockchain network and sends an agreement instruction of the intelligent contract to the administrator node through the blockchain network;

the operator node issues selling information of the spectrum resources to the blockchain network, wherein the selling information at least comprises: bandwidth of spectrum resources sold and price sold;

the user node issues purchase information of the spectrum resource to the blockchain network, wherein the purchase information at least comprises: purchased spectrum resource bandwidth and purchase price;

in response to the administrator node determining that the purchased spectrum resource bandwidth is less than or equal to the sold spectrum resource bandwidth,

the administrator node determines first transaction information according to the selling information and the purchasing information, and issues the first transaction information to the block chain network, wherein the first transaction information at least comprises a first transaction amount;

and the user node pays the first transaction amount to the operator node according to the first transaction information, and the spectrum resource transaction between the operator node and the user node is successful.

Further, the transaction participation node further comprises a lessee node;

the method further comprises the following steps:

the sublicer node issues sublicer declaration information to the blockchain network;

the administrator node opens a secondary market of the blockchain network after receiving the tenant declaration information through the blockchain network;

the tenant node issues available free spectrum resource information to the blockchain network, wherein the free spectrum resource information at least comprises: free spectrum resource bandwidth and free spectrum resource price;

in response to the administrator node determining that the purchased spectrum resource bandwidth is greater than the sold spectrum resource bandwidth issued by all the operator nodes, the administrator node treating the user node as a transaction failed user node, the transaction failed user node entering the secondary market;

in response to the administrator node determining that the purchased spectrum resource bandwidth issued by the transaction failed user node is less than or equal to the free spectrum resource bandwidth,

the administrator node determines second transaction information according to the idle spectrum resource information and the purchase information, and issues the second transaction information to the block chain network, wherein the second transaction information at least comprises a second transaction amount;

and the transaction failure user node pays the second transaction amount to the tenant node according to the second transaction information, the tenant node receives the second transaction amount and pays a tenant amount to the operator node, and the spectrum resource transaction between the tenant node and the transaction failure user node is successful.

Further, the method further comprises:

in response to determining that the spectrum resource transaction is successful and that the transaction participation node and the administrator node both issue an agreement instruction of the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information to the blockchain network, the administrator node records the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information and issues the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information to the blockchain network.

Further, after the administrator node records and issues the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information to the blockchain network, the method further includes:

the administrator node allocates the spectrum resources according to the first transaction information or the second transaction information;

acquiring transaction data information of a transaction participation node, and judging whether the transaction data information meets a preset standard.

Further, the method further comprises:

the operator node calculates the average value of the frequency spectrum utilization rate according to the frequency spectrum utilization rate of all the user nodes at a specific moment;

in response to determining that the spectrum utilization of the user node is greater than the average, the operator node sending a predetermined reward amount to the user node over the blockchain network;

in response to determining that the spectrum utilization of the user node is less than the average, the operator node sending a penalty instruction including a penalty amount to the user node over the blockchain network; and the user node receives the punishment instruction and sends the punishment amount to the operator node through the block chain network.

Further, before the administrator node issues the intelligent contract to the blockchain network, the method further includes: identity registration of the transaction participation node;

before the operator node issues selling information of the spectrum resources to the blockchain network and/or the user node issues purchasing information of the spectrum resources to the blockchain network, the method further includes: the transaction participates in the authentication of the node.

Further, after the identity registration of the transaction participation node, the administrator node allocates respective corresponding intelligent contract addresses to the transaction participation node in the blockchain network, and the intelligent contract addresses are used for storing digital currency of the transaction participation node in the spectrum resource transaction process.

Further, in response to determining that the spectrum resource transaction succeeded/failed, the transaction participating node may reclaim all or part of the digital currency in the corresponding smart contract address.

Further, the method further comprises:

the transaction participation node issues a currency withdrawal application to the blockchain network;

in response to determining that the transaction data information of the transaction participant node meets a predetermined criterion after the administrator node receives the currency withdrawal application and the user node pays the penalty amount or the operator node pays the predetermined reward amount,

the administrator node issues a withdrawal approval application to the blockchain network;

and the transaction participation node receives the consent retraction application through the blockchain network, and retracts all or part of the digital currency from the corresponding intelligent contract address.

Based on the same inventive concept, a second aspect of the present disclosure provides a spectrum resource transaction system based on a blockchain network, including: a transaction participation node and an administrator node in the blockchain network;

the transaction participation node comprises:

the operator node is used for receiving the intelligent contract through the blockchain network and sending an agreement order of the intelligent contract to the manager node through the blockchain network; publishing sales information of the spectrum resource to the blockchain network, wherein the sales information comprises: bandwidth and price of spectrum resources sold;

the user node is configured to receive the intelligent contract through the blockchain network, send an agreement instruction of the intelligent contract to the administrator node through the blockchain network, and issue purchase information of the spectrum resource to the blockchain network, where the purchase information includes: bandwidth and price of purchased spectrum resources; paying the first transaction amount to the operator node according to the first transaction information;

the administrator node is used for issuing the intelligent contract to the block chain network; in response to the fact that the purchased spectrum resource bandwidth is smaller than or equal to the sold spectrum resource bandwidth, first transaction information is determined according to the sale information and the purchase information, and the first transaction information is issued to the blockchain network, wherein the first transaction information comprises a first transaction amount.

As can be seen from the above, with the spectrum resource transaction method and system based on the blockchain network provided by the present disclosure, the operator node and the user node can perform the transaction of spectrum resources through the blockchain network, and the user node can purchase a spectrum from the operator node with a sufficient spectrum in a spectrum transaction manner, so that the current idle spectrum resources are fully utilized, and the spectrum resource waste is avoided.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present disclosure or related technologies, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present disclosure, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a spectrum resource transaction method based on a blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a transaction in an aftermarket according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating that an operator node performs reward and punishment on a user node according to the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating authentication of a transaction participant node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectrum resource transaction framework according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of a spectrum resource transaction method based on a blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum resource transaction system based on a blockchain network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

It is to be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure should have a general meaning as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise defined. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the embodiments of the disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.

In an optical network, with the increasing demand of optical network services, the demand of the optical network for spectrum resources is greatly increased. Spectrum is an important network resource and should be used effectively in resource allocation. The operator has a plurality of network slices based on network virtualization, and each network slice has a certain number of users. According to the spectrum demand of each user, the phenomenon of unbalanced spectrum resources can occur, and the user needing the spectrum can rent the spectrum to the operator with the sufficient spectrum in a spectrum transaction mode, so that the problem of unbalanced spectrum resources is solved.

Blockchain and smart contract technologies have found widespread use in many areas due to their diversity and security. The distributed account book structure provided by the block chain enables the frequency spectrum transaction and the circulation record to be public and transparent, can not be tampered and traced, and can establish the trust relationship between the frequency spectrum transaction, so that the integration of the block chain and the frequency spectrum resource management is promoted.

In the related art, the public block chain can be used for idle spectrum transaction among base stations of different operators, but the security and the privacy of the spectrum transaction cannot be ensured, and the problem cannot be solved when malicious behaviors occur in the spectrum transaction. In addition, the related art aims to solve the problem of uneven utilization of spectrum resources among different operators in a 5G access network, and only provides a free and fast spectrum transaction method among the operators, but cannot fully utilize all current idle spectrums, especially a part of idle spectrums owned by spectrum users.

Based on the above situation, a spectrum transaction strategy between an operator and other spectrum users is researched, and the spectrum allocation method which can fully utilize spectrum resources and avoid spectrum resource waste is provided, so that the spectrum allocation method has very important significance for fully utilizing spectrum resources and avoiding resource waste.

Based on the above purpose, the present disclosure provides a spectrum resource transaction method and system based on a block chain network.

The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, a spectrum resource transaction method based on a blockchain network, wherein the blockchain network includes: a transaction participation node and an administrator node, the transaction participation node comprising: operator nodes and user nodes.

Specifically, the operator node is composed of M operator nodes that need to sell a spectrum, and the operator node serves as a spectrum provider to rent the idle spectrum to a user. The mth operator decides to sell the spectrum with bandwidth size Bm, which is smaller than the total amount Bmt of spectrum bandwidth owned by this operator.

A user node consists of E spectrum users with spectrum demand for a certain period of time, the users acting as spectrum requesters, buying spectrum from a spectrum provider (actually an operator node). The e-th spectrum user decides to purchase the spectrum resource bandwidth We and the bid price per bandwidth Ce.

The administrator node is mainly responsible for identity authentication and monitoring the implementation process of spectrum resource transaction. Before transaction, the operator node and the user node need to be subjected to identity authentication of the administrator node, but the administrator node does not participate in the process of spectrum transaction and spectrum allocation.

And the operator node, the user node and the administrator node are connected and communicated through a block chain network which is constructed in advance.

The spectrum resource transaction method based on the block chain network comprises the following steps:

and S101, the administrator node issues the intelligent contract to the block chain network.

Specifically, the intelligent contract mainly comprises various functions of spectrum transaction, wherein the functions comprise codes and events with specific functions. The transaction participation node and the administrator node can call an intelligent contract designed in the blockchain to perform specific operation of transaction, specific functions are realized by executing codes of the specific functions, and the frequency spectrum transaction is recorded on the blockchain and broadcasted to all nodes on the chain for authentication. The event is used to indicate a state change of the verified node in the blockchain, and all nodes on the blockchain may be notified of the changed state.

And S102, the transaction participation node receives the intelligent contract through the block chain network, and sends an agreement achieving and consensus instruction of the intelligent contract to the administrator node through the block chain network.

Specifically, the transaction participation node receives the intelligent contract through the blockchain network, and the intelligent contract is equivalent to a transaction needing to be agreed in the blockchain. After the transaction participation node receives the intelligent contract issued by the administrator node, the transaction participation node sends the message to all nodes except the transaction participation node and informs whether the intelligent contract is agreed, and then each node counts whether more than two thirds of the nodes in the message received by the node agree. If the number of the blocks exceeds the preset threshold, the intelligent contract is agreed, and relevant data information, instructions and the like of the intelligent contract are recorded on the blockchain.

After the transaction participating nodes achieve consensus on the intelligent contracts, a consensus achieving instruction is sent to the administrator node through the blockchain network, then transactions on the blockchain are conducted according to the rules of the intelligent contracts, all transaction participating nodes can acquire the addresses of the intelligent contracts, and related functions or instructions in the intelligent contracts can be called or executed according to needs.

S103, the operator node issues selling information of the spectrum resources to the block chain network, wherein the selling information at least comprises: bandwidth of spectrum resources sold and price sold.

In particular, when an operator node wishes to conduct a transaction, it will first need to claim its identity in the spectrum transaction. The operator node declares itself as the operator and gives the bandwidth of the spectrum resource that it wants to sell and the price of selling.

When an operator node declares success, the state of an event in the intelligent contract corresponding to the operator node changes. For example, a variable X is set in the smart contract to indicate the state of a declaration event, which indicates that the declaration was unsuccessful when the variable X is 0 and successful when the variable X is 1. When the operator node declares success, the event variable X corresponding to the operator node in the intelligent contract will automatically become 1, which represents that the operator node declares success. The operator node can know whether the current declaration has been completed by looking at the value of variable X.

S104, the user node issues purchase information of the spectrum resources to the block chain network, wherein the purchase information at least comprises: bandwidth of spectrum resources purchased and price of the purchase.

Specifically, when a user node wishes to perform a transaction, a user with spectrum demand will declare itself as the user node and give bandwidth of spectrum resources that the user wants to purchase and a purchase price.

And when the user node declares success, the event state corresponding to the user node in the intelligent contract is changed. For example, a variable X is set in the smart contract to indicate the state of a declaration event, which indicates that the declaration was unsuccessful when the variable X is 0 and successful when the variable X is 1. And when the user node declares success, the event variable X corresponding to the user node in the intelligent contract is automatically changed into 1 to represent that the user node declares success. The user node can know whether the current declaration has been completed by looking at the value of variable X.

S105, responding to the administrator node determining that the purchased spectrum resource bandwidth is less than or equal to the sold spectrum resource bandwidth,

Specifically, after the transaction participation node completes the transaction statement, the administrator node auctions the spectrum according to the selling information issued by the operator node and the purchasing information issued by the user node. When the frequency spectrum resource bandwidth purchased by the user node is less than or equal to the sold frequency spectrum resource bandwidth, the administrator node compares the purchase price of the user node with the sold price of the operator node, and determines that the user node with the minimum price difference is successful in transaction, namely determines first transaction information. And the administrator node takes the average value of the purchase price issued by the user node and the sale price issued by the operator node which are successful in transaction as the final transaction price, namely the first transaction amount.

After the administrator node determines first transaction information and a first transaction amount, the user node pays the first transaction amount to the operator node according to the first transaction information, and spectrum resource transaction between the operator node and the user node is successful.

When the bandwidth of the spectrum resource which the user node needs to purchase is larger than the bandwidth sold by all the operator nodes, the user node and the operator nodes cannot trade, and the trade fails.

When the user node does not pay the first transaction amount to the operator node or the actually paid amount does not coincide with the first transaction amount, the transaction between the user node and the operator node fails.

In the whole transaction process, the administrator node can supervise the implementation process of the spectrum resource transaction, and monitor and record the transaction process and the transaction result.

By using the spectrum resource transaction method and system based on the blockchain network provided by the disclosure, the operator node and the user node perform spectrum resource transaction through the blockchain network, and the user node can rent or purchase a spectrum from the operator node with sufficient spectrum in a spectrum transaction mode, so that the current idle spectrum resource can be fully utilized, and the spectrum resource waste is avoided.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, the transaction participation node further comprises a lessee node.

The method further comprises the following steps:

s201, the tenant node issues tenant declaration information to the block chain network.

Specifically, the tenant node is composed of N spectrum users having an idle spectrum in a certain time period, where the nth tenant determines that the sold spectrum resource bandwidth is Wn and the selling price of the unit bandwidth is Cn according to the idle spectrum situation in a certain time period.

And when a user with a free frequency spectrum wishes to carry out transaction, declaring the user as a sublist node and issuing declaration information to the block chain network.

S202, after receiving the tenant declaration information through the blockchain network, the administrator node opens a secondary market of the blockchain network.

And if the user node is declared to be the tenant node, the administrator node opens the secondary market of the block chain network after receiving the tenant declaration information, and the secondary market is in an open state, so that the user needing to purchase the frequency spectrum can enter the secondary market to trade with the tenant. If no statement information of the sublist is available, the secondary market is in a closing state by default, the user node cannot enter the secondary market at present and can only continue to perform spectrum transaction with the operator node.

Defining a certain variable Y in the intelligent contract to represent the condition of the secondary market, wherein when the value of the variable Y is 0, the secondary market is in a closed state; when the value is 1, the secondary market is in an open state. Only when the secondary market is in the open state, the user node can enter the secondary market to trade with the sub-tenant node.

S203, the tenant node issues available white space resource information to the blockchain network, where the available white space resource information at least includes: free spectrum resource bandwidth and free spectrum resource price.

Specifically, when a user with a free spectrum wishes to perform a transaction, the user declares the user as a spectrum tenant and issues available free spectrum resource information to the block chain network.

S204, responding to the situation that the purchased spectrum resource bandwidth is determined to be larger than the sold spectrum resource bandwidth issued by all the operator nodes by the manager node, taking the user node as a transaction failure user node by the manager node, and enabling the transaction failure user node to enter the secondary market.

Specifically, the user node must perform a transaction with the operator node preferentially, and when it is determined that the spectrum resource bandwidth purchased by the user node is greater than the sold spectrum resource bandwidth issued by all the operator nodes, the transaction between the user node and the operator node fails, and the user node with failed transaction may enter a secondary market to perform a transaction with the tenant node.

S205, responding to the administrator node determining that the purchased spectrum resource bandwidth issued by the transaction failure user node is less than or equal to the free spectrum resource bandwidth,

Specifically, the transaction process of the user node and the tenant node is the same as the transaction process of the user node and the operator node, and details are not repeated here.

It should be noted that, a successful leaser node pays a certain lease amount to the operator node to return a lease amount of a part of spectrum to the operator node, so as to ensure that the operator node allows the leaser node with idle spectrum to lease the spectrum.

The spectrum transaction process described in this disclosure may be performed in two sub-phases. The first sub-phase is a spectrum transaction between an operator node and a user node, which purchases spectrum from the operator node. The second sub-stage is applicable to user nodes that have not successfully purchased spectrum and to tenants that currently have free spectrum, and the second sub-stage provides a secondary market for user nodes to trade with tenant nodes.

The frequency spectrum transaction method disclosed by the invention can fully utilize the idle frequency spectrum resources of the operator nodes and the idle frequency spectrum resources of the sublist, can further meet the purchase demand of the user nodes with failed transaction, can effectively utilize the idle frequency spectrum owned by the sublist nodes, fully realizes the effective utilization of the frequency spectrum resources and avoids the waste of the resources.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

s106, responding to the situation that the frequency spectrum resource transaction is successful and the transaction participation node and the administrator node issue the agreed consensus instruction of the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information to the blockchain network, wherein the administrator node records the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information and issues the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information to the blockchain network.

Specifically, the implementation process of the consensus is as follows: in the blockchain, nodes booked in the blockchain network need to be determined through a consensus mechanism, and consistency is kept on the current transaction state. The block chain uses Byzantine fault-tolerant consistency to achieve consensus on the spectrum transaction results of the registered operator nodes and the user nodes, the transaction needing consensus is firstly broadcasted on the block chain, all the nodes receiving transaction related information send the message to all the nodes except the node and inform whether to agree with the transaction, and then each node counts whether more than two-thirds of the nodes in the message received by the node agree with the transaction. If the transaction number exceeds the predetermined value, the transaction is agreed, and the data information related to the transaction is recorded on the chain.

In some embodiments, after the step S106, the method further comprises:

s107, the administrator node allocates the frequency spectrum resource according to the first transaction information or the second transaction information.

And S108, acquiring the transaction data information of the transaction participation node, and judging whether the transaction data information meets a preset standard.

Specifically, the predetermined criteria at least include: and the transaction participation node complies with the result of the frequency spectrum transaction, pays according to the number of the first transaction amount and/or the second transaction amount determined by the administrator node within a specified time, and does not have the condition that the transaction amount does not accord with the frequency spectrum price.

When the transaction data information meets the preset standard, the transaction behavior of the transaction participation node is judged to be free of malicious behavior. When the transaction data information does not meet the preset standard, the transaction behavior of the transaction participation node is judged to have malicious behavior.

When the transaction participation node is judged to have malicious behaviors, namely the transaction amount is not paid on time, or the paid transaction amount does not accord with the first transaction amount or/and the second transaction amount, or the price of the frequency spectrum does not accord with the paid transaction amount, and the like, the administrator punishs the malicious behaviors.

The administrator will penalize malicious behavior in the spectrum transaction through settlement and be responsible for supervising the successful performance of the spectrum allocation after the transaction is completed. A certain variable Z can be set in the intelligent contract to represent whether the transaction participation node complies with the result of spectrum allocation, and the initial value of the variable Z represents that the transaction participation node does not have malicious behaviors; if the transaction participation node has malicious behaviors, the administrator changes the value of Z corresponding to the transaction participation node, and marks the transaction participation node as an offender.

The administrator node will punish the transaction participation node that is designated as an offender, such as setting it unable to reclaim the remaining money in the transaction, or it cannot make the transaction again, etc.

For honest participants who do not have malicious behaviors, the administrator keeps the initial value of the variable Z, and the transaction participation node can successfully recover the residual money or continue the transaction.

By monitoring the transaction process by the administrator and judging whether malicious behaviors occur, the administrator can punish the participants with the malicious behaviors, and the security and the reliability of the spectrum resource transaction are further improved.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the method further comprises:

s109, the operator node calculates the average value of the spectrum utilization rate according to the spectrum utilization rates of all the user nodes at a specific moment;

Specifically, after the operator node allocates the spectrum according to the result of the spectrum transaction, the spectrum utilization condition of the user node purchasing the spectrum is checked at intervals on the corresponding server.

The operator node calculates an average value according to the spectrum utilization rates of all the current user nodes, the average value is used as a threshold value of the spectrum utilization rate, a preset reward amount is given to the user nodes with the current spectrum utilization rates larger than the threshold value to serve as rewards, and penalties are charged to the users with the current spectrum utilization rates smaller than the threshold value.

The predetermined award amount and the penalty amount may be preset values or values modified according to actual conditions.

The operator node and the user node are required to complete the issuance of the preset reward amount or the submission of the penalty amount before the next transaction, otherwise, the related operator node and the user node cannot participate in the subsequent transaction.

According to the method and the system, the user nodes purchasing the frequency spectrums can be rewarded or punished by the operator nodes, and the user nodes purchasing the frequency spectrums can be encouraged to fully utilize the frequency spectrums through the reward and punishment system; and encourage users with idle frequency spectrum to register as the subletting node, and then carry out the shared transaction with the idle frequency spectrum, further improve the overall utilization ratio of the operator frequency spectrum resource.

In some embodiments, before the step S101, the method further comprises: and the identity registration of the transaction participation node.

Specifically, the permitted blockchain requires identity registration for each transaction participant node joining the blockchain. The identity registration is performed as follows:

the operator node and the user node firstly send registration application information to the administrator node, wherein the registration application information comprises identity identification information. The identity information of the operator node comprises corporate information or business license information of the operator and the like; the identity information of the user node comprises identity information of the user and the like.

After receiving the application, the administrator node firstly verifies the validity of the registration application information, and after the verification is successful, the administrator node generates a public key, a private key and a legal certificate of the operator node, and a public key, a private key and a legal certificate of the user node according to the identity. And the administrator node uses the private key of the administrator node to sign the legal certificate of the operator node and/or the legal certificate of the user node.

And finally, the administrator node returns the corresponding public key, the private key and the signed legal certificate to the operator node and the user node.

When the user is registered in the identity, the user can select to register as a spectrum user node or a tenant node according to the own spectrum use condition. The user node of the spectrum is a node which has insufficient spectrum resources and needs to purchase the spectrum resources from the operator node and/or the tenant node. The subletting node is a node which has free spectrum resources and can sell the free spectrum resources.

The operator node and the user node can perform the spectrum transaction by calling and executing a specific instruction in the intelligent contract, and the user node can also perform the idle spectrum transaction with the tenant node by calling and executing a specific instruction in the intelligent contract, but it should be noted that the user node must perform the spectrum transaction with the operator node first, and the user node can perform the transaction with the tenant node only when the user node fails to perform the transaction with the operator node or spectrum resources sold by the operator node do not meet the requirements of the user node.

In some embodiments, before step S103 and/or step S104, the method further includes: the transaction participates in the authentication of the node.

Specifically, each transaction participating node joining the permission block chain needs to verify the identity during the transaction process.

Referring to fig. 4, when a participant of a spectrum transaction, i.e., a transaction participant node, sends a transaction each time, all nodes in a block chain are required to verify the identity of the transaction participant node to ensure the credibility of the transaction. The specific implementation steps of the identity authentication comprise:

step 1: the transaction participation node generates a unique digital identity by using a public key and a private key of the transaction participation node, wherein the digital identity comprises company/personal information, transaction time, block chain information and the like. And the transaction participation node generates a digital signature in an encrypted mode by using a private key, wherein the digital signature comprises an identity hash value corresponding to the transaction participation node. Then, the public key of the self is issued to the block chain;

step 2: the transaction participation node broadcasts a public key and a legal certificate of the transaction participation node in a blockchain;

and step 3: other nodes in the block chain receive the message, verify the legal certificate of the transaction participation node which issues the public key by using the corresponding public key of the other nodes, and judge whether the other nodes are legal or not;

and 4, step 4: after the legal certificate of the transaction participation node is verified by other operator nodes and the administrator node in the block chain, the administrator node sends a ready message to the transaction participation node to prepare for identity hash value authentication of the transaction participation node;

and 5: the transaction participation node sends the identity hash value to an administrator node;

step 6: the administrator node checks whether the identity hash value of the transaction participation node exists, and then broadcasts the identity hash value to other nodes. If the identity hash value exists, the administrator sends a message to the transaction participation node, and the transaction participation node receives the message and regenerates a new identity hash value and sends the new identity hash value to the administrator node again;

and 7: and other nodes in the block chain verify the identity hash value of the transaction participation node, and if more than half of the nodes successfully verify the identity hash value, the administrator node determines that the identity verification of the transaction participation node is successful and returns the successful verification result to the transaction participation node.

The present disclosure is preferably based on a licensed block chain. Compared with the unlicensed block chain, the licensed block chain adopts a practical Byzantine fault-tolerant consistency algorithm to replace the traditional working evidence, thereby greatly improving the reliability, the throughput and the short delay of the system. And before the nodes become the nodes in the permission block chain, the administrator is required to authenticate the digital certificate of each node, so that the security and the privacy of the multi-operator and user frequency spectrum transaction are ensured.

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the transaction participant node no longer needs to conduct a transaction in the blockchain network, the transaction participant node needs to conduct an identity deregistration.

Specifically, the step of executing the identity logout comprises the following steps:

and when the operator node and the user node do not need to perform spectrum transaction any more, sending certificate revocation application information to the administrator node, wherein the certificate revocation application information comprises an identity revocation application and a legal certificate.

The administrator firstly verifies the validity of the identity revocation application; and after the verification is successful, the administrator revokes the legal certificates of the operators and the users.

In some embodiments, after the identity registration of the transaction participation node, the administrator node allocates a respective corresponding intelligent contract address for the transaction participation node in the blockchain network, and the intelligent contract address is used for storing digital currency of the transaction participation node in a spectrum resource transaction process.

Specifically, the digital currency includes a deposit deposited by the transaction participation node when making a transaction statement, and digital currency for transaction deposited at any time in the whole transaction process.

When the transaction participation node declares, the deposit stored in the intelligent contract address corresponding to the transaction participation node is directly used for payment of the frequency spectrum transaction. The transaction participation node can increase the amount of the digital currency at any time in the spectrum transaction process so as to prevent the situation that the transaction amount is insufficient.

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the spectrum resource transaction succeeded/failed, the transaction participant node may reclaim all or part of the digital currency in the corresponding smart contract address.

Specifically, if there is a remaining deposit after the transaction is completed, the transaction participation node may apply for returning the deposit to the administrator node. When the user decides not to participate in the spectrum transaction any more so as to log off the identity, the transaction participation node can apply for withdrawing the residual money.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

and S1010, the transaction participation node issues a currency withdrawal application to the blockchain network.

S1011, in response to determining that the transaction data information of the transaction participating node meets a predetermined standard after the administrator node receives the currency withdrawal application, and the user node pays the penalty amount or the operator node pays the predetermined reward amount, the administrator node issues an agreement withdrawal application to the blockchain network.

And S1012, the transaction participation node receives the consent retraction application through the blockchain network, and retracts all or part of the digital currency from the corresponding intelligent contract address.

Specifically, after the administrator node receives the currency withdrawal application issued by the transaction participation node, the administrator node first determines that the transaction data information of the administrator node meets a predetermined standard, and the transaction participation node has no malicious behavior. Then, the administrator node continues to determine that the user node pays the penalty amount or the operator node pays the predetermined reward amount, and only when the user node meets the two conditions, the administrator node agrees with a withdrawal application of the transaction participation node, and at this time, the transaction participation node can withdraw all or part of the digital currency from the intelligent contract address corresponding to the transaction participation node.

When the transaction data information of the transaction participation node does not meet the preset standard, the transaction participation node has malicious behavior, the administrator node does not agree with the withdrawal application, and at the moment, the transaction participation node cannot withdraw all or part of the digital currency from the intelligent contract address corresponding to the transaction participation node.

Similarly, when the user node does not pay the penalty amount or the operator node does not pay the preset reward amount, the administrator node does not agree with the withdrawal application, and at the moment, the transaction participation node cannot withdraw all or part of the digital currency from the intelligent contract address corresponding to the transaction participation node.

The safety and reliability of the transaction can be further improved by supervising the transaction process and results of the transaction participation nodes by the administrator, punishing the nodes and ensuring the effective transaction.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be further described in the following ways:

the specific execution process of the spectrum resource transaction method based on the block chain network provided by the present disclosure includes: a spectrum trade framework between licensed blockchain based operators and spectrum users in an optical network is first proposed, and then the trade is executed and recorded using intelligent contracts and blockchains.

The method is mainly divided into two parts, and referring to fig. 5, the first part proposes a distributed and secure optical network spectrum resource transaction framework based on a constructed licensed block chain; the second part designs an intelligent contract for registration, spectrum transaction and reward and punishment measures in spectrum transaction under the framework. Through the first part, the operator node and the user node can be made safe and credible to conduct dynamic spectrum transaction. By means of the second part, spectrum resources can be fully utilized. Users with free spectrum may register as a sublicer node to sublicer free spectrum to user nodes that need spectrum. User nodes needing spectrum resources firstly conduct spectrum transaction with operator nodes, wherein user nodes failing in transaction can conduct spectrum transaction with the tenant nodes by entering a secondary market. The operator node can check the frequency spectrum utilization rate of each user node and reward and punish the user nodes according to the frequency spectrum utilization rate.

Referring to fig. 6, a spectrum resource transaction method based on a blockchain network includes:

step 1: an operator node and a user node which wish to participate in spectrum transaction send registration application information to an administrator node, the administrator node verifies the validity of the registration application information after receiving the application, and the administrator node respectively generates a public key, a private key and a legal certificate of the operator node and the user node according to an identity after the verification is successful;

step 2: the administrator node deploys intelligent contracts in the blockchain in a transaction mode;

and step 3: the operator node calls an intelligent contract to declare that the operator node is the operator and gives out the spectral bandwidth and the price which the operator node wants to sell, the user node declares that the user node is a spectral user and gives out the spectral bandwidth and the price which the user node wants to purchase, and the user node with the idle spectrum declares that the user node is a sublist node and gives out the idle spectral bandwidth and the price;

and 4, step 4: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a manager node extracts spectrum transaction, and firstly, spectrum transaction is carried out between an operator node and a user node in a spectrum auction mode;

and 5: after the frequency spectrum auction is finished, the frequency spectrum transaction between the operator node and the user node is finished;

step 6: if any user is registered as a lessee node, the secondary market is in an open state at the moment;

and 7: in the prior spectrum transaction, if user nodes which are not successfully transacted appear, the user nodes judge whether a secondary market is opened or not by checking whether a fixed value in an intelligent contract is changed or not;

and 8: if the secondary market is opened, user nodes which have not been traded successfully before enter the secondary market. The user node and the sublist node carry out spectrum transaction;

and step 9: after the spectrum transaction is completed, the transaction is recorded on the blockchain. The administrator node is responsible for ensuring that each participant distributes the frequency spectrum according to the transaction result and checking whether malicious behaviors occur in the operator node and the user node participating in the transaction;

step 10: the operator node checks the frequency spectrum utilization rate of the user node on a server corresponding to the operator node;

step 11: calculating a frequency spectrum utilization rate threshold of the current frequency spectrum, comparing the frequency spectrum utilization rate of the user node with the frequency spectrum utilization rate threshold, rewarding the user nodes with the frequency spectrum utilization rate higher than the threshold, and charging penalties for the user nodes with the frequency spectrum utilization rate lower than the threshold;

step 12: through the inspection of the administrator node, the operator node and the user node which do not have malicious behaviors and complete reward and punishment on time can recover the remaining money after the transaction is finished.

in the optical network scenario, there are 3 operators O1, O2 and O3, 8 users U1, U2, …, U8.

A spectrum resource transaction method based on a block chain network comprises the following steps:

step 1: the operator node registers with the administrator node to obtain the public key OId, the private key Opk and the legal certificate OCe; the user node registers with the administrator node to obtain a public key UId, a private key Upk and a legal certificate UCe;

step 2: the administrator node sends a transaction at a certain time to deploy the intelligent contract in the block chain;

and step 3: and 3 operator nodes and 8 spectrum user nodes are used as participants of a spectrum transaction framework to perform transaction declaration. The 3 operator nodes are declared as the operator nodes according to the using condition of the own frequency spectrum, and the bandwidth size and the price of the sold frequency spectrum are marked according to the self frequency spectrum condition; and 5 user nodes needing to purchase the spectrum among the 8 spectrum user nodes are declared as the user nodes and mark the bandwidth and the price of the spectrum which is expected to be purchased, and 3 user nodes which currently have free spectrum are declared as the sublets and mark the bandwidth and the price of the spectrum which is sold. When the operator node and the user node are registered, a certain amount of digital currency needs to be stored into the corresponding intelligent contract address to be used as a deposit;

and 4, step 4: after the operator nodes and the user nodes are declared, the manager node starts spectrum transaction, and spectrum transaction is carried out between 3 operator nodes and 5 spectrum user nodes in a spectrum auction mode according to information of selling and purchasing spectrums declared by the operator nodes and the user nodes;

step 6: opening a secondary market;

and 7: in the prior spectrum transaction, if user nodes which are not successful in transaction appear, the user nodes firstly check whether a fixed value in an intelligent contract is changed to judge whether a secondary market is opened or not. At this time, since 3 users are registered as the tenant nodes, the secondary market is in an open state.

And 8: if the secondary market is opened, user nodes which have not been traded successfully before enter the secondary market. The user node performs spectrum transaction with 3 leaser nodes through an intelligent contract according to the declaration information;

and step 9: after the spectrum transaction is completed, the administrator node is responsible for ensuring that each participant distributes the spectrum according to the transaction result and checking whether malicious behaviors occur in operator nodes and user nodes participating in the transaction;

step 10: the 3 operator nodes check the spectrum utilization of the user nodes on the respective servers. Comparing the frequency spectrum utilization rate of the user node with a threshold value of the current frequency spectrum utilization rate, rewarding the user node with the frequency spectrum utilization rate higher than the threshold value, and charging penalty for the user node with the frequency spectrum utilization rate lower than the threshold value;

step 11: through the inspection of the administrator node, the operator node and the user node which do not have malicious behaviors and complete reward and punishment on time can recover the remaining money after the transaction is finished.

It should be noted that the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be executed by a single device, such as a computer or a server. The method of the embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scene and completed by the mutual cooperation of a plurality of devices. In such a distributed scenario, one of the devices may only perform one or more steps of the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the devices may interact with each other to complete the method.

It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments described above and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.

Based on the same inventive concept, referring to fig. 7, corresponding to any of the above-mentioned embodiments, the present disclosure further provides a spectrum resource transaction system based on a blockchain network, including: a transaction participation node and an administrator node in the blockchain network;

the transaction participation node comprises:

In some embodiments, the transaction participation node further comprises a lessee node;

the sublist node is used for issuing sublist declaration information to the block chain network;

the administrator node is further configured to open a secondary market of the blockchain network after receiving the tenant declaration information through the blockchain network;

the tenant node is further configured to publish available white space resource information to the blockchain network, where the white space resource information at least includes: free spectrum resource bandwidth and free spectrum resource price;

the administrator node is further configured to determine that the purchased spectrum resource bandwidth is greater than the sold spectrum resource bandwidth issued by all the operator nodes, and the administrator node is further configured to use the user node as a transaction failure user node, where the transaction failure user node enters the secondary market;

the administrator node is further configured to determine that a purchased spectrum resource bandwidth issued by the transaction failed user node is less than or equal to the free spectrum resource bandwidth,

the administrator node is further configured to determine second transaction information according to the idle spectrum resource information and the purchase information, and issue the second transaction information to the blockchain network, where the second transaction information at least includes a second transaction amount;

the transaction failure user node is used for paying the second transaction amount to the lessee node according to the second transaction information, the lessee node is also used for receiving the second transaction amount and paying the lessee amount to the operator node, and the spectrum resource transaction between the lessee node and the transaction failure user node is successful.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises:

the administrator node is further configured to determine that the spectrum resource transaction is successful, and the transaction participation node and the administrator node both issue an agreement instruction of the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information to the blockchain network, and the administrator node is further configured to record the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information and issue the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information to the blockchain network.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises:

the administrator node is further configured to allocate the spectrum resource according to the first transaction information or the second transaction information;

the manager node is also used for acquiring the transaction data information of the transaction participation node and judging whether the transaction data information meets the preset standard.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises:

the operator node is also used for calculating the average value of the frequency spectrum utilization rate according to the frequency spectrum utilization rates of all the user nodes at a specific moment;

the operator node is further configured to determine that the spectrum utilization of the user node is greater than the average value, and the operator node sends a predetermined reward amount to the user node through the blockchain network;

the operator node is further configured to determine that the spectrum utilization of the user node is less than the average, and the operator node sends a penalty instruction including a penalty amount to the user node through the blockchain network; and the user node is also used for receiving the punishment instruction and sending the punishment amount to the operator node through the block chain network.

In some embodiments, before the administrator node is configured to publish the intelligent contract to the blockchain network, further comprising: identity registration of the transaction participation node;

before the operator node is configured to publish selling information of the spectrum resource to the blockchain network and/or the user node is configured to publish purchasing information of the spectrum resource to the blockchain network, the method further includes: the transaction participates in the authentication of the node.

In some embodiments, after the transaction participation node is configured to perform identity registration, the administrator node is configured to allocate, in the blockchain network, respective corresponding smart contract addresses for the transaction participation nodes, where the smart contract addresses are used to store digital currency of the transaction participation nodes during spectrum resource transaction.

In some embodiments, the trade participation node is configured to determine success/failure of the spectrum resource trade, and the trade participation node is further configured to receive back all or part of the digital currency in the corresponding smart contract address.

In some embodiments, the system further comprises:

the transaction participation node is also used for issuing a currency withdrawal application to the blockchain network;

the administrator node is further configured to confirm that the transaction data information of the transaction participation node meets a predetermined standard after receiving the currency withdrawal application, and the user node pays the penalty amount or the operator node pays the predetermined award amount,

the administrator node is further configured to issue an application for consent to withdrawal to the blockchain network;

the transaction participation node is further used for receiving the consent retraction application through the blockchain network and retracting all or part of the digital currency from the corresponding intelligent contract address.

The system of the foregoing embodiment is used to implement the corresponding spectrum resource transaction method based on the blockchain network in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiment, which are not described herein again.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the present disclosure, also technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

In addition, well-known power/ground connections to Integrated Circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided figures for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure the embodiments of the disclosure. Furthermore, devices may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present disclosure, and this also takes into account the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram devices are highly dependent upon the platform within which the embodiments of the present disclosure are to be implemented (i.e., specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art). Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example embodiments of the disclosure, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the embodiments of the disclosure can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. Accordingly, the description is to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive.

While the present disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic ram (dram)) may use the discussed embodiments.

The disclosed embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like that may be made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

Claims

1. A spectrum resource transaction method based on a blockchain network is provided, wherein the blockchain network comprises: a transaction participation node and an administrator node, the transaction participation node comprising: an operator node and a user node, the method comprising:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transaction participation node further comprises a lessee node;

the method further comprises the following steps:

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises:

4. The method of claim 3, wherein after the administrator node records and publishes the first transaction information and/or the second transaction information to the blockchain network, the method further comprises:

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises:

6. The method of claim 5, wherein prior to the administrator node issuing an intelligent contract to the blockchain network, further comprising: identity registration of the transaction participation node;

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein after the identity registration of the transaction participation node, the administrator node allocates a respective corresponding intelligent contract address for the transaction participation node in the blockchain network, and the intelligent contract address is used for storing digital currency of the transaction participation node in a spectrum resource transaction process.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the transaction participating node may reclaim all or part of the digital currency in the corresponding smart contract address in response to determining that the spectrum resource transaction succeeded/failed.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:

10. A spectrum resource transaction system based on a blockchain network, comprising: a transaction participation node and an administrator node in the blockchain network;

the transaction participation node comprises: