CN113783504A - Photovoltaic photo-thermal system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic photo-thermal system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic photo-thermal, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic photo-thermal system and a control method thereof, wherein the photovoltaic photo-thermal system comprises a photovoltaic power generation system, a photo-thermal power generation system and a waste heat gradient utilization system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic module, a storage battery and an inverter which are connected in sequence; the solar-thermal power generation system comprises a solar heat collector, an auxiliary heat source circularly connected with the solar heat collector, an evaporator circularly connected with the auxiliary heat source, an electric conversion unit and a heat recovery unit, wherein the electric conversion unit and the heat recovery unit are connected with the evaporator; the photovoltaic power generation system and the commercial power are respectively connected with the photo-thermal power generation system to supply power to the photo-thermal power generation system. The system is an original system formed by combining a photovoltaic power generation technology, a photo-thermal power generation technology and a waste heat gradient utilization technology, the photovoltaic power generation can provide electric quantity required by the system during operation, electricity generated by the photo-thermal power generation system can be used in a grid-connected mode, and the waste heat gradient utilization system effectively utilizes solar energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic photo-thermal, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic photo-thermal system and a control method thereof.
Background
With the continuous consumption of non-renewable energy, people gradually increase the attention degree on the utilization of solar energy resources, and the current technology for solar energy utilization mainly comprises a photovoltaic power generation technology, a photo-thermal power generation technology and a waste heat gradient utilization technology. However, any one of the three technologies only utilizes solar energy or heat energy singly, and cannot efficiently and comprehensively utilize solar energy resources, so that the improvement of the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the photothermal resources of the solar energy resources through the combination of the photovoltaic technology and the photothermal technology has great research value. Patent document CN105719543A, entitled mobile photovoltaic and photothermal integrated experimental training system, combines photovoltaic power generation and heat utilization together to form a new photovoltaic and photothermal system, but the system has a single utilization form for solar thermal resources, and is limited to storing heat in hot water and effectively utilizing the heat. Patent document No. CN211258904U discloses a photo-thermal low-temperature power generation system, which improves the power generation efficiency of a power generator set by using a mixed working medium, and improves the utilization efficiency of solar heat, but the system technology is still single, and only improves the solar energy utilization rate by improving the photo-thermal power generation technology, and although the heat energy is effectively utilized, the system is effectively applied to the light energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photovoltaic photo-thermal system and a control method thereof;
the photovoltaic photo-thermal system comprises a photovoltaic power generation system, a photo-thermal power generation system and a waste heat gradient utilization system;
the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic module, a storage battery and an inverter which are connected in sequence;
the solar-thermal power generation system comprises a solar heat collector, an auxiliary heat source circularly connected with the solar heat collector, an evaporator circularly connected with the auxiliary heat source, an electric conversion unit and a heat recovery unit, wherein the electric conversion unit and the heat recovery unit are connected with the evaporator; the electric conversion unit comprises a screw rod connected with the evaporator and a permanent magnet motor connected with the screw rod; the heat recovery unit comprises a waste heat cascade utilization system, a condenser and a liquid storage tank which are sequentially connected with the screw rod; the liquid storage tank is connected with the evaporator; the condenser is circularly connected with the cold source.
The photovoltaic power generation system and the commercial power are respectively connected with the photo-thermal power generation system to supply power to the photo-thermal power generation system
The auxiliary heat source is connected with the auxiliary heater; the inverter is connected with the electric heater to supply power to the electric heater.
The photovoltaic power generation system is controlled by a photovoltaic control system; the photovoltaic control system comprises a terminal strip, an anti-bounce diode D, voltage sensors U1 and U2, a current sensor I1, air switches QF1, QF2, QF3, QF4, QF5 and QF6, relays KA1, KA2, KA3, KA4, KA5 and KA6, fuses FU1 and FU2, a system control cabinet module and a commercial power module; the voltage sensor and the current sensor are mainly used for detecting the electric quantity states of the photovoltaic module and the storage battery; the air switch and the fuse have protection functions in the circuit; relays KA1 and KA2 respectively control the charging and discharging states of the storage battery, and KA3 controls the starting and stopping of the commercial power module; the inverter can convert direct current generated by the photovoltaic module and the storage battery into 220V alternating current; the electric heater, the alternating-current water pump and the system control cabinet are respectively a load part of the photovoltaic power generation system and are respectively controlled by relays KA4, KA5, KA6 and air switch QF 6.
The photo-thermal power generation system is controlled by a photo-thermal power generation control system and comprises air switches QF6, QF7 and QF8, an emergency stop switch S0, a frequency converter BPQ, a working medium circulating pump, a phase sequence protector XXJ, an alternating current contactor KM1, relays KA7, KA8 and KA9, a power indicator HL1, a fault indicator HL2 and a 24V direct current switch power supply; when the system detects a fault, the emergency stop switch S0 can be pressed to be directly disconnected to protect the system; the frequency converter BPQ is connected with the working medium circulating pump and is used for changing the rotating speed of the pump; the phase sequence protector can automatically identify the phase sequence, so that accidents or equipment damage caused by inversion of related pump bodies in the system due to reverse connection of the power supply phase sequence is avoided; the alternating current contactor KM1 is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the circulating pump; the power indicator lamp HL1 is lightened to represent that the system is electrified; when a fault of the system is detected, a fault indicator lamp HL2 is lightened. The 24V direct current switch can convert 220V alternating current into 24V direct current and then serve as a power supply to supply power for the monitoring system.
The monitoring system comprises a monitoring module and a touch screen module, wherein the monitoring module adopts a PLC (programmable logic controller), the monitoring system comprises three modules, namely a main module and two extension modules, wherein the main module is used for acquiring fault signals of the frequency converter BPQ and controlling the opening and closing of a relay of the whole system, the other two extension modules are mainly used for acquiring real-time data of a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a flowmeter in the system, the two extension modules transmit the acquired data information to the main module, then the main module transmits all the data information of each module to the touch screen through an RS485 communication port, and finally, the touch screen can realize various running states of the real-time data monitoring and control switching system of the whole photovoltaic photo-thermal system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system is an original system formed by combining a photovoltaic power generation technology, a photo-thermal power generation technology and a waste heat gradient utilization technology, the photovoltaic power generation can provide electric quantity required by the system during operation, electricity generated by the photo-thermal power generation system can be used in a grid-connected mode, and the waste heat gradient utilization system effectively utilizes heat resources of solar energy; the novel system utilizes both light energy and heat energy efficiently. The introduction of the commercial power module can guarantee the normal operation of the system, and when special conditions are met, the electric quantity generated by the photovoltaic system is not enough to continuously maintain the normal operation of the system, and the commercial power module is switched to supply power to the whole system. The use of the auxiliary heat source effectively changes the defect of unstable heat collection of the heat utilization system, and the power generation efficiency, the power generation amount and the operation condition of the photo-thermal power generation units in all regions of the whole country can be simulated and experimented by controlling the temperature value of the auxiliary heat source (between room temperature and 180 ℃, and the error value of control precision is +/-0.1-0.5), so that the production output of the photo-thermal power generation equipment is further improved. The frequency converter in the photo-thermal power generation system can adjust the rotating speed of the working medium circulating pump, so that the rotating speed of the circulating pump is changed by controlling and adjusting the frequency converter, and the flow of the circulating working medium is changed, so that the relation between the rotating speed of the screw machine and the generating capacity of a unit can be researched in an experimental test, and the relation between the generating power, the rotating speed of the screw machine and the torque can also be researched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic photothermal system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a system power control schematic of the present invention;
FIGS. 4-6 are schematic diagrams of the main module, the expansion module, and the touch screen of the monitoring system according to the present invention, respectively;
fig. 7 is a power supply control schematic diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following preferred embodiments.
FIG. 1 illustrates a photovoltaic photo-thermal system including a photovoltaic power generation system, a photo-thermal power generation system, and a waste heat cascade utilization system; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic module 1, a storage battery 2 and an inverter 3 which are connected in sequence; the photovoltaic power generation system can provide required electric quantity for the whole system, but when severe weather conditions are met, the generated energy of photovoltaic power generation may not be enough to support the system to normally operate for a long time, so that the commercial power is adopted for auxiliary power supply to maintain the normal operation of the system; the electric energy flow direction of the photovoltaic power generation system is that the photovoltaic module generates power, the electric energy flows through the storage battery and then the inverter, at the moment, the direct current is converted into alternating current, and then the electric energy is respectively supplied to loads such as a system control cabinet, two alternating current water pumps, an electric heater and the like.
The solar-thermal power generation system comprises a solar heat collector 5, an auxiliary heat source 7 circularly connected with the solar heat collector, an evaporator 8 circularly connected with the auxiliary heat source, and an electric conversion unit and a heat recovery unit which are connected with the evaporator; the electric conversion unit comprises a screw rod 9 connected with the evaporator and a permanent magnet motor 14 connected with the screw rod; the heat recovery unit comprises a waste heat cascade utilization system 10, a condenser 11 and a liquid storage tank 12 which are sequentially connected with the screw rod; the liquid storage tank is connected with the evaporator; the condenser is circularly connected with a cold source 13.
The solar heat collector comprises a bracket, a water tank and a vacuum heat collecting pipe, wherein the water tank and the vacuum heat collecting pipe are arranged on the bracket; the vacuum heat collecting tube is communicated with the water tank; a water tank temperature sensor is arranged in the water tank; the solar energy is converted into heat energy through the vacuum heat collecting pipe and stored in the water tank, and the auxiliary heat source is a tank body and is connected with the water tank through a pipeline; the pipeline is provided with a first alternating-current water pump; the whole auxiliary heat source outer layer is wrapped by the heat-insulating layer, so that the heat-insulating layer has good heat-insulating property; meanwhile, the auxiliary heat source is connected with the auxiliary heater; the inverter is connected with the auxiliary heater to supply power to the auxiliary heater. When the heat of the solar heat collector is not enough to supply to the evaporator for heat exchange, the working medium in the auxiliary heat source is heated by using the auxiliary heater of the electric heater; an auxiliary heat source liquid level meter and an auxiliary heat source temperature sensor are arranged in the auxiliary heat source; the water outlet of the tank body of the auxiliary heat source is connected with the heat source inlet of the evaporator in the generator set, the water return pipe is respectively connected with the water return port of the tank body and the heat source outlet of the evaporator, and meanwhile, the inlet and the outlet of the heat source of the evaporator are respectively provided with an evaporator heat source inlet temperature sensor and an evaporator heat source outlet temperature sensor which are used for detecting the temperatures of the inlet and the outlet of the evaporator. The water replenishing port is positioned at the uppermost part of the tank body and is used for injecting water into the tank body when the auxiliary heat source liquid level meter displays that the water source in the tank is insufficient.
The outlet of the working medium in the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the screw machine through a pipeline, and the pipeline is also respectively provided with an evaporator temperature sensor, an evaporator flowmeter and an evaporator pressure sensor which are respectively used for measuring the outlet temperature of the working medium in the evaporator, the flow change of the gas working medium and the pressure (high pressure) of the working medium after vaporization (before doing work). The outlet of the screw machine is connected with the working medium inlet of the condenser through a pipeline, a screw machine temperature sensor and a screw machine pressure sensor are placed at the outlet of the screw machine and used for measuring the temperature of the working medium after acting and the pressure (low pressure) of the gaseous working medium after acting, and the screw machine is connected with the permanent magnet motor to drive the motor to rotate so as to convert mechanical energy into electric energy. The condenser working medium outlet is connected with the liquid storage tank inlet through a pipeline, and a condenser temperature sensor is arranged on the pipeline and used for measuring the temperature of the condensed condenser working medium, wherein the liquid storage tank is used for storing quantitative working medium in the system. And finally, the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the working medium inlet of the evaporator through a pipeline, and a variable frequency working medium circulating pump, a circulating pump flowmeter and a manual regulating valve are respectively arranged on the pipeline of the liquid storage tank, the variable frequency circulating pump is used for driving the circulation of the working medium inside the whole unit, the circulating pump flowmeter is used for measuring the flow of the liquid working medium after the outlet of the circulating pump, and the manual regulating valve is mainly used for conveniently adding the working medium into the unit.
The vacuum heat collecting tube absorbs heat energy to heat water in the vacuum heat collecting tube, then hot water flows through the auxiliary heat source from the outlet of the vacuum heat collecting tube to heat water in the auxiliary heat source, and finally the hot water returns to the vacuum heat collector from the inlet of the vacuum heat collecting tube, and the circulation of the water source between the vacuum heat collector and the auxiliary heat source is powered by the first alternating current pump (alternating current water pump 1). After being heated, water in the auxiliary heat source is subjected to reciprocating circulation under the action of a second alternating-current pump (alternating-current water pump 2) and flows through the evaporator in a parallel mode, meanwhile, a liquid working medium in the evaporator is vaporized, the working medium in the evaporator is vaporized to become high-temperature high-pressure gas, then the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the screw machine from the outlet, the high-temperature high-pressure gas drives the screw machine to operate, then the screw machine drives the permanent magnet machine to convert mechanical energy into electric energy, finally, electricity generated by the permanent magnet generator is directly uploaded to a power grid through a parallel network controller, the gaseous working medium after being powered by the screw machine 9 flows through the waste heat cascade utilization system 10, then flows through the condenser to be condensed into the liquid working medium, the liquid working medium returns to the evaporator through the liquid storage tank, power required by the reciprocating circulation of the working medium in the system is provided by the working medium circulating pump, wherein cold energy at two ends of the condenser is provided by the cold source, the part is a photo-thermal power generation system, so that heat energy is effectively utilized and electric energy is generated. Although the pressure and the temperature of the gaseous working medium which does work by the screw machine are reduced, the temperature of the gaseous working medium can be maintained between 60 ℃ and 90 ℃, so that the gaseous working medium can be used for sequentially and circularly heating a series of heat required by life (such as floor heating, bathing, daily hot water and the like) of domestic water and the like. Temperature sensor and pressure sensor are used for gathering the temperature and the pressure of corresponding point everywhere in this novel system to transmit and carry out real time monitoring on the touch-control screen through monitored control system. The design of the system realizes the comprehensive application of solar energy resources and heat resources, also realizes the design idea of self-production and self-sufficiency and self-sale, and greatly improves the comprehensive utilization rate of the solar energy resources. In addition, the defect of unstable heat exchange quantity of working media in an evaporator in the photo-thermal power generation system is made up by designing an auxiliary heat source in the system. Therefore, in an experiment, the novel system can simulate the generating capacity, the generating efficiency and the operating condition of the photo-thermal generator set of the system at different temperatures of different regions by controlling the temperature value of the auxiliary heat source (between room temperature and 180 ℃, and the error value of control precision is +/-0.1-0.5).
For maintaining the service life of a storage battery of a photovoltaic power generation system and better solving the problem of the unstable state of photovoltaic power generation, a control schematic diagram shown in fig. 2 is adopted for switching power supply between photovoltaic power generation and commercial power, and the photovoltaic control system comprises a terminal strip, an anti-recoil diode D, voltage sensors U1 and U2, a current sensor I1, air switches QF1, QF2, QF3, QF4, QF5 and QF6, relays KA1, KA2, KA3, KA4, KA5 and KA6, fuses FU1 and FU2, a system control cabinet module and a commercial power module; the voltage sensor and the current sensor are mainly used for detecting the electric quantity states of the photovoltaic module and the storage battery; the air switch and the fuse have protection functions in the circuit; relays KA1 and KA2 respectively control the charging and discharging states of the storage battery, and KA3 controls the starting and stopping of the commercial power module; the inverter can convert direct current generated by the photovoltaic module and the storage battery into 220V alternating current; the electric heater, the alternating-current water pump and the system control cabinet are respectively a load part of the photovoltaic power generation system and are respectively controlled by relays KA4, KA5, KA6 and air switch QF 6.
As shown in fig. 7, when the system is running, the photovoltaic module and the storage battery supply power to the load, and when the system monitors that the electric quantity of the storage battery is lower than 20% ± 0.5 of the system, the photovoltaic module and the storage battery are disconnected to supply power, the commercial power is started to supply power to the system, and the storage battery is in a charging state; when the charging quantity of the storage battery reaches 80% + -0.5 of the total quantity of the storage battery, the commercial power is cut off, and the storage battery and the photovoltaic module supply power to the system. Through the measures, the normal operation of the system and the service life of the whole system can be better guaranteed.
The photovoltaic module converts light energy into electric energy, the electric energy flows through the terminal strip, the anti-reverse charging diode D, the air switch QF1 and the relay KA1, then the storage battery is charged through the air switch QF2, and meanwhile power is supplied to a load; the current discharged by the photovoltaic module and the storage battery passes through the air switch QF3, the relay KA2 and the fuse FU1, then the current passes through the inverter to change the direct current into 220V alternating current, then passes through the fusing FU2 and the air switch QF4, and finally is output to a load; the commercial power module controls the commercial power module to supply power to the load through the relay KA3 and the air switch QF 5. The voltage sensor U1 and the current sensor I1 are used for monitoring the working state of the photovoltaic module, the voltage sensor U2 is used for monitoring the electric quantity of two ends of the storage battery, namely when the indication number of the U2 is lower than 20% +/-0.5 of the electric quantity of the storage battery, the system is switched off KA2 and switched on KA3 at the moment, the storage battery is only charged and stops discharging, the mains supply is switched on to supply power for a load, when the electric quantity of the storage battery monitored by the U2 is higher than 80% +/-0.5 of the capacity, the KA2 is switched on at the moment, the KA3 is switched off, the storage battery and the photovoltaic module supply power, and the mains supply is switched off.
The load part comprises an electric heater, two alternating-current water pumps and a system control cabinet. The electric heater is controlled through a relay KA4, when the temperature of the water source in the auxiliary heat source tank body monitored by the auxiliary heat source temperature sensor does not reach the temperature range set by the heat source, the system automatically closes the KA4 electric heater to supply heat for the water source, and when the temperature exceeds the set temperature range, the system automatically opens. The start and stop of the two alternating-current water pumps are controlled by relays KA5 and KA6, and when the system runs, if the two water pumps need to be started, the two water pumps can be directly started through the touch screen. The power consumption of the system control cabinet is controlled by an air switch QF 6.
The photovoltaic power generation electrical control principle is shown in fig. 3, and comprises air switches QF6, QF7 and QF8, an emergency stop switch S0, a frequency converter BPQ, a working medium circulating pump, a phase sequence protector XXJ, an alternating current contactor KM1, relays KA7, KA8, KA9, a power indicator HL1, a fault indicator HL2 and a 24V direct current switch power supply; when the system detects a fault, the emergency stop switch S0 can be pressed to be directly disconnected to protect the system; the frequency converter BPQ is connected with the working medium circulating pump and is used for changing the rotating speed of the pump; the phase sequence protector can automatically identify the phase sequence, so that accidents or equipment damage caused by inversion of related pump bodies in the system due to reverse connection of the power supply phase sequence is avoided; the alternating current contactor KM1 is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the circulating pump; the power indicator lamp HL1 is lightened to represent that the system is electrified; when a fault of the system is detected, a fault indicator lamp HL2 is lightened. The 24V direct current switch can convert 220V alternating current into 24V direct current and then serve as a power supply to supply power for the monitoring system.
The method comprises the steps that firstly, current passes through an air switch QF6, then a branch passes through QF7, passes through a frequency converter BPQ1, then passes through an alternating current contactor KM1, and finally is transmitted to a working medium circulating pump M1, the air switch QF7 controls the on-off of the whole branch in the branch, the on-off of the frequency converter is controlled by a relay KA7, the frequency converter can adjust the rotating speed of the working medium circulating pump and change the flow of circulating working media, and therefore the relation between the rotating speed of a screw machine and the generating capacity of a unit and the relation between the generating power, the rotating speed of the screw machine and the torque can be researched by using the frequency converter, and the KM1 is used for the on-off of the working medium circulating pump. The other branch is that current passes through a phase sequence protector, then flows through a power indicator lamp and an emergency stop button, and then respectively passes through a relay KA8 and a relay KA9, a relay KA8 is used for controlling a fault indicator lamp, a relay KA9 is used for controlling an alternating current contactor KM1, and finally flows through an air switch QF8 and a 24V switching power supply, and the switching power supply can convert 220V alternating current into 24V direct current to be supplied to a monitoring module for use. And the closed QF6 and QF7 branches are powered on, one branch relay KA7 is powered on and closed, the frequency converter is connected, and when the working medium circulating pump needs to be started by the system, the KA9 is closed through the touch screen. The other branch is connected, a power indicator HL1 is lightened, when the system monitors that the system has a fault, the relay KA8 is closed, the fault indicator HL2 is lightened, the emergency stop switch S0 can be directly pressed to protect the system, and in the branch, when the phase sequence protector does not work, the whole branch is powered off, and the power indicator HL1 cannot be lightened.
The monitoring module of the system is shown in fig. 4-6, and comprises a monitoring module and a touch screen module, wherein the monitoring module adopts a PLC, and comprises three modules, namely a main module and two extension modules, wherein the main module is used for collecting a fault signal of the frequency converter BPQ and controlling the opening and closing of a relay of the whole system, the other two extension modules are mainly used for collecting real-time data of a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a flowmeter in the system, the two extension modules transmit the collected data information to the main module, then all the data information of each module is transmitted to the touch screen through an RS485 communication port by the main module, and finally, the real-time data monitoring and the control of various operation states of the switching system of the whole photovoltaic photo-thermal system can be realized through the touch screen.
The main module is used for acquiring a fault signal of the frequency converter through the DI digital input interface, namely when the input interface acquires the fault signal of the frequency converter, the system stops the operation of the automatic turn-off relay KA7, so that the frequency converter is protected. And the DO digital output module supplies power to all the relays and simultaneously controls the on-off of each relay so as to control the running state of the whole system. The other two expansion modules are used for collecting real-time data of all the temperature sensors, the pressure sensors, the voltage sensors, the current sensors and the flow meters, and the last two expansion modules transmit data information to the main module. The main module feeds back to the touch screen through the RS485 communication port, so that the real-time monitoring of the whole system can be realized through the real-time data display of the interface of the touch screen, and meanwhile, the automatic switching of the running state of the system can be realized through the touch screen, thereby realizing the automation of the whole system. The PLC module of the monitoring system is provided with a CPU, the written program is copied into the chip, and then the relevant electric elements can be controlled according to the touch screen instruction or the preset automatic program.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.
Claims (6)
1. A photovoltaic photo-thermal system is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic power generation system, a photo-thermal power generation system and a waste heat gradient utilization system;
the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic module, a storage battery and an inverter which are connected in sequence;
the solar-thermal power generation system comprises a solar heat collector, an auxiliary heat source circularly connected with the solar heat collector, an evaporator circularly connected with the auxiliary heat source, an electric conversion unit and a heat recovery unit, wherein the electric conversion unit and the heat recovery unit are connected with the evaporator; the electric conversion unit comprises a screw rod connected with the evaporator and a permanent magnet motor connected with the screw rod; the heat recovery unit comprises a waste heat cascade utilization system, a condenser and a liquid storage tank which are sequentially connected with the screw rod; the liquid storage tank is connected with the evaporator; the condenser is circularly connected with the cold source;
the photovoltaic power generation system and the commercial power are respectively connected with the photo-thermal power generation system to supply power to the photo-thermal power generation system.
2. The photovoltaic photothermal system of claim 1 wherein said secondary heat source is connected to a secondary heater; the inverter is connected with the electric heater to supply power to the electric heater.
3. The photovoltaic photothermal system of claim 1 wherein said photovoltaic power generation system is controlled by a photovoltaic control system; the photovoltaic control system comprises a terminal strip, an anti-bounce diode D, voltage sensors U1 and U2, a current sensor I1, air switches QF1, QF2, QF3, QF4, QF5 and QF6, relays KA1, KA2, KA3, KA4, KA5 and KA6, fuses FU1 and FU2, a system control cabinet module and a commercial power module; the voltage sensor and the current sensor are mainly used for detecting the electric quantity states of the photovoltaic module and the storage battery; the air switch and the fuse have protection functions in the circuit; relays KA1 and KA2 respectively control the charging and discharging states of the storage battery, and KA3 controls the starting and stopping of the commercial power module; the inverter can convert direct current generated by the photovoltaic module and the storage battery into 220V alternating current; the electric heater, the alternating-current water pump and the system control cabinet are respectively a load part of the photovoltaic power generation system and are respectively controlled by relays KA4, KA5, KA6 and air switch QF 6.
4. The photovoltaic photo-thermal system according to claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal power generation system is controlled by a photo-thermal power generation control system, comprising air switches QF6, QF7 and QF8, an emergency stop switch S0, a frequency converter BPQ, a working medium circulation pump, a phase sequence protector XXJ, an ac contactor KM1, relays KA7, KA8, KA9, a power indicator HL1 and a fault indicator HL2, and a 24V dc switching power supply; when the system detects a fault, the emergency stop switch S0 can be pressed to be directly disconnected to protect the system; the frequency converter BPQ is connected with the working medium circulating pump and is used for changing the rotating speed of the pump; the phase sequence protector can automatically identify the phase sequence, so that accidents or equipment damage caused by inversion of related pump bodies in the system due to reverse connection of the power supply phase sequence is avoided; the alternating current contactor KM1 is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the circulating pump; the power indicator lamp HL1 is lightened to represent that the system is electrified; when a fault of the system is detected, a fault indicator lamp HL2 is lightened. The 24V direct current switch can convert 220V alternating current into 24V direct current and then serve as a power supply to supply power for the monitoring system.
5. The photovoltaic photothermal system according to claim 4 wherein said monitoring system comprises a monitoring module and a touch screen module, wherein the monitoring module adopts PLC and comprises three modules which are respectively a main module and two expansion modules, wherein the main module is used for collecting fault signals of the frequency converter BPQ and controlling the opening and closing of the whole system relay, the other two expansion modules are mainly used for acquiring real-time data of a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a flowmeter in the system, the two expansion modules transmit acquired data information to the main module, and then the main module transmits all data information of each module to the touch screen through the RS485 communication port, and finally, the real-time data monitoring of the whole photovoltaic photo-thermal system and various operation states of the control switching system can be realized through the touch screen.
6. A method of controlling a photovoltaic and thermal system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the photovoltaic control system, the thermal power generation control system and the monitoring system are used for control.
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