CN113776580A - System and method for detecting forest environment change of high-resolution remote sensing image - Google Patents
System and method for detecting forest environment change of high-resolution remote sensing image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for detecting forest environment change of a high-resolution remote sensing image, which belong to the technical field of remote sensing detection, and comprise a ground base station, a remote sensing satellite and a forest environment detection station, wherein the remote sensing satellite is used for collecting high-altitude overhead image information of a forest and sending the information to the ground base station, the forest environment detection station is used for collecting soil, air and image data of a forest environment and sending the data to the ground base station, and the ground base station is used for processing and analyzing the received information and data to obtain a forest environment change result; the method combines the remote sensing satellite and the forest environment detection station, has more diverse data sources, combines the data extracted from the high-resolution remote sensing high-altitude overhead view image information and the soil, air and image data of the detected forest and the tree growth condition obtained by the forest environment detection station to evaluate the accuracy of the forest environment, and has extremely high detection accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing detection, and particularly relates to a system and a method for detecting forest environment change of high-resolution remote sensing images.
Background
The forest is an important land resource and has important functions in the aspects of industrial and agricultural generation, climate regulation and ecological system maintenance. With the influence of climate change and human activities, forest area reduction, vegetation reduction and ecological environment deterioration are caused, and important influence is generated on human social security and economic development, so that effective monitoring on the dynamic change of the forest environment has important significance on forest resource management, ecological environment construction and other works. The forest area of China is vast, most of forests are located on mountains with certain altitude, and field detection is very difficult to realize.
The remote sensing technology is an effective way for developing large-scale forest dynamic monitoring, has the advantages of wide coverage, strong timeliness, rich information, few limiting conditions and the like, and becomes an important technical means for monitoring forest changes in recent years. In recent years, with the construction of a high-resolution earth observation system in China, a high-resolution satellite covers various types of remote sensing images such as panchromatic images, multispectral images, hyperspectral images, radar images and the like, and is gradually one of the main data sources for remote sensing application due to the characteristics of economy, stability, high resolution, strong real-time performance and the like. However, although the high-resolution remote sensing image can monitor the forest external environment in real time, the change of the forest internal environment still cannot be known, and the method still has limitation on the study of the forest environment change. Therefore, a system and a method for detecting forest environment changes of high-resolution remote sensing images are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a system and a method for detecting forest environment change of high-resolution remote sensing images, which are simple in structure and reasonable in design.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a detection system that high score remote sensing image's forest environment changes, includes ground base station, remote sensing satellite and forest environment detection station, remote sensing satellite gathers the high altitude of forest and overlooks image information and will information send to ground base station, forest environment detection station gathers forest environment's soil, air and image data and will data transmission is to ground base station, ground base station handles and analyzes received information and data, obtains forest environment change result.
As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the ground base station includes a receiving module, a processing module and a display module;
the receiving module is used for receiving high-altitude overlook image information of the remote sensing satellite and forest environment soil, air and image data of the forest environment detection station;
the processing module is used for combining the information and the data received by the receiving module and comparing the information and the data received at different times to obtain a forest change result and transmitting the result to the display module;
and the display module is used for displaying the forest change result obtained by the processing module.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the forest environment detection station is positioned at the midpoint position of two trees, the forest environment detection station comprises a soil detection box and a soil detection probe for detecting forest environment soil, an air detection box for detecting forest environment air, a solar battery assembly for supplying power to a system by using solar energy, a wireless transceiver for data transmission, a hollow upright pole and a pole base member, the upright pole and the pole base member are positioned at the midpoint position of a connecting line of the two trees, the solar battery assembly and the wireless transceiver are both positioned at the top end of the upright pole, the soil detection box and the soil detection probe are positioned in soil below the pole base member, and the air detection box is positioned on the upright pole.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the pole base piece is a reinforced concrete structural piece, the upright pole is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of pole sections up and down, the pole sections are fixedly connected through an outer hoop and an inner hoop, the inner hoop is connected with the inner surfaces of the two pole sections, the outer hoop is connected with the outer surfaces of the two pole sections, the outer hoop comprises two hoop bodies fixed through bolts, an elastic plate is arranged inside the hoop body, the inner hoop comprises a hoop ring, and the outer surface of the hoop ring is connected with at least two groups of semi-arc plates through springs.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the outer wall of the hoop body of the outer hoop positioned at the lower end part is provided with a cross bar, the tail end of the cross bar is provided with a fixed hoop, the fixed hoop comprises a hoop plate fixed on a trunk, a measuring tape is arranged inside the joint of the hoop plate and the cross bar, a steel sheet of the measuring tape penetrates through an arc groove inside one end of the hoop plate and is fixedly connected to the other end of the hoop plate, and a miniature camera is arranged in the position, right opposite to the axis of the measuring tape, inside the cross bar.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the air detection box comprises a main control area, a probe area, an air channel and a camera, wherein the probe area is positioned at the lower end of the main control area, the air channel is bent with the probe area as a vertex, the air channel is positioned below the main control area, and the camera is positioned at the lower end of the air channel.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a water containing area is arranged above the camera and extends towards two sides of the box body, openings of the water containing area are positioned vertically below openings at two sides of the air channel, a water flowing channel in an inverted horn shape is arranged at the bottom end of the water containing area, the water flowing channel is vertically positioned above the camera, and a buoyancy switch is arranged on the water flowing channel.
The invention also provides a detection method using the system, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): acquiring high altitude overhead view image information of a measured forest area by using a remote sensing satellite and transmitting the information to a ground base station, and acquiring soil, air and image data of a forest environment by using a forest environment detection station and transmitting the data to the ground base station;
step (2): and the ground base station combines, processes and analyzes the received information and data to obtain a forest change result, and the forest change result is stored and then displayed in a display module.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the forest environment detection stations are arranged along different contour lines in a detected forest environment area, the vertical interval of the contour lines is 100-150 meters, the number of the forest environment detection stations in the same contour line is at least two groups, and the connection lines of the environment detection points of the three adjacent groups of contour lines are broken lines.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the specific steps of the step (2) are as follows:
step (21): after receiving high-altitude overlook image information of a remote sensing satellite, a ground base station extracts earth surface coverage types, vegetation indexes RVI and albedo in forest image information, and after the ground base station receives soil and air data of forest environment collected by forest environment detection stations, a data set of each forest environment detection station is obtained;
step (22): the ground base station compares the data set values of all the forest environment detection stations, and the forest environment detection stations where the data sets with the data difference values in the same range are located are connected to form a block area to form a forest block diagram;
step (23): processing the average value of the data sets of the forest environment detection stations forming the block areas to obtain an average data set, then marking the high altitude overhead view image, the forest environment image and the block area average data set of the corresponding block areas on a forest block diagram, meanwhile marking the average data set obtained by the last detection on the forest block diagram to obtain a forest change result diagram, and storing the result and displaying the result in a display module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method combines the remote sensing satellite and the forest environment detection station, has more diverse data sources, combines the data extracted from the high-resolution remote sensing high-altitude overhead view image information and the soil, air and image data of the detected forest and the tree growth condition obtained by the forest environment detection station to evaluate the accuracy of the forest environment, and has extremely high detection accuracy.
2. The remote sensing satellite and the detection of the measured forest environment are automatically detected without manual operation, so that the detection efficiency is improved.
3. The forest environment detection stations are arranged along different contour lines, so that the change of forest environments with different altitudes can be understood more visually on the formed result, and when block areas are divided, the contour lines are arranged to be beneficial to distinguishing the block areas.
4. According to the invention, the block area is formed by connecting the forest environment detection stations, and compared with a method for setting the area to take points in the traditional method, the detection result is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a forest environment detection station of a forest environment change detection system for high-resolution remote sensing images according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an outer hoop structure of the forest environment detection station of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an inner hoop structure of the forest environment detection station of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fixing hoop structure of the forest environment detection station of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the air detection cabinet of the forest environment detection station of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the air detection box of the forest environment detection station of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a ground base station structure of a forest environment change detection system for high-resolution remote sensing images.
In the figure: 1. erecting a rod; 11. a pole section; 12. an outer band; 121. a hoop body; 122. an elastic plate; 13. an inner hoop; 131. a hoop; 132. a spring; 133. a half-arc plate; 2. a lever base member; 3. a soil detection box; 4. a soil detection probe; 5. an air detection box; 51. a master control area; 52. a probe region; 53. an air passage; 54. a water containing area; 55. a camera; 56. a buoyancy switch; 57. a water flow channel; 6. a solar cell module; 7. a wireless transceiver device; 8. a cross bar; 9. a fixing hoop; 91. a hoop plate; 92. an arc groove; 93. a steel rule blade; 94. a tape measure; 95. a miniature camera.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
The system for detecting the forest environment change of the high-resolution remote sensing image comprises a ground base station, a remote sensing satellite and a forest environment detection station, wherein the remote sensing satellite acquires high-altitude overhead view image information of a forest and sends the information to the ground base station, the forest environment detection station acquires soil, air and image data of the forest environment and sends the data to the ground base station, and the ground base station processes and analyzes the received information and data to obtain a forest environment change result.
As shown in fig. 7, the ground base station includes a receiving module, a processing module and a display module; the receiving module receives high-altitude overlook image information of the remote sensing satellite and forest environment soil, air and image data of a forest environment detection station and then transmits the information and the image data to the processing module, the processing module combines the information and the data received by the receiving module and compares the information and the data received in different periods to obtain a forest change result and transmits the result to the display module, and the display module displays the forest change result obtained by the processing module.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the forest environment detection station is located at the midpoint of two trees, the forest environment detection station has a GPS positioning module, the ground base station can view the position of the forest environment detection station at any time, the forest environment detection station includes a soil detection box 3 and a soil detection probe 4 for detecting forest environment soil, an air detection box 5 for detecting forest environment air, a solar battery assembly 6 for supplying power to the system by using solar energy, a wireless transceiver 7 for data transmission, a hollow upright 1 and a pole base member 2, the system circuit is arranged in the middle of the upright 1 to avoid exposure, the upright 1 and the pole base member 2 are located at the midpoint of the connecting line of the two trees, the solar battery assembly 6 and the wireless transceiver 7 are both located at the top end of the upright 1, the soil detection box 3 and the soil detection probe 4 are located inside the soil below the pole base member 2, the soil detection probe 4 extends outwards to a position having a certain distance with the pole base part 2, the soil detection probe 4 measures data such as humus, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, copper, zinc, fluoride, selenium, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead, cyanide, volatile phenol, anionic surfactant, sulfide, colony and the like in soil, the data are transmitted to a ground base station through the wireless transceiver 7 after being integrated by a processor in the soil detection box 3, and the air detection box 5 is positioned on the vertical pole 1.
The pole base piece 2 is a reinforced concrete structure, the pole 1 is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of pole sections 11 up and down in sequence, the transportation difficulty and the installation difficulty on mountains are reduced, the pole sections 11 are fixedly connected through an outer hoop 12 and an inner hoop 13, the inner hoop 13 is connected with the inner surfaces of the two groups of pole sections 11, the outer hoop 12 is connected with the outer surfaces of the two groups of pole sections 11, the outer hoop 12 comprises two groups of hoop bodies 121 fixed through bolts, an elastic plate 122 is arranged inside the hoop body 121, the inner hoop 13 comprises a hoop 131, the outer surface of the hoop 131 is connected with at least two groups of semi-arc plates 133 through springs 132, when the pole is used and installed, the inner hoop 13 is integrally inserted into inner holes of the upper pole section 11 and the lower pole section 11, the hoop 131 extrudes the semi-arc plates 133 through the springs 132, the semi-arc plates 133 extrude the inner hole walls of the pole sections 11, so that the two pole sections 11 are connected together from the inner surfaces, the pole sections 1 can be quickly installed, then the outer hoop 12 is installed, the two groups of pole sections 11 which are connected up and down, need not to use the instrument to carry out the trompil and carry out the bolt, and firm in connection is reliable to the on-the-spot installation of being convenient for.
The outer wall of a hoop body 121 of an outer hoop 12 positioned at the lower end part is provided with a cross bar 8, the tail end of the cross bar 8 is provided with a fixed hoop 9, the fixed hoop 9 is fixed on two trees at two sides to play a role in auxiliary fixing, the fixed hoop 9 comprises a hoop plate 91 fixed on a trunk, a measuring tape 94 is arranged inside the joint of the hoop plate 91 and the cross bar 8, a steel blade 93 of the measuring tape 94 passes through an arc groove 92 inside one end of the hoop plate 91 and is fixedly connected to the other end of the hoop plate 91, a miniature camera 95 is arranged inside the cross bar 8 and is opposite to the axle center position of the measuring tape 94, when the fixed hoop plate 91 is fixed on a tree, one end of the steel blade 93 is drawn out from one end of the hoop plate 91 to bypass the trunk and is fixed at the other end of the hoop plate 91, along with the growth of the tree, the size of the trunk is continuously increased, the measuring tape 94 releases the steel blade 93 continuously, and simultaneously the miniature camera 95 regularly takes readings of the steel blade 93 down and transmits the readings to a ground base station through a wireless transceiver 7, the growth condition of the trees can be known remotely, and the research on the forest environment is facilitated.
The air detection box 5 comprises a main control area 51, a probe area 52, an air channel 53 and a camera 55, wherein the probe area 52 is positioned at the lower end of the main control area 51, and the probe area 52 is used for measuring forest air temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric radiation, atmospheric pressure, negative oxygen ions, PM2.5, PM10, TSP and O3、CO、SO2、NO2After the data is detected, the probe area 52 transmits the data to the main control area 51, the data is integrated by the processor in the main control area 51 and then transmitted to the ground base station through the wireless transceiver 7, and the air channel 53 is bent with the probe area 52 as the vertexThe air channel 53 is positioned below the main control area 51, the camera 55 is positioned at the lower end of the air channel 53, forest images are periodically arranged and transmitted to a ground base station through the wireless transceiver 7, the humidity in the forest is high, the air channel 53 is arranged in a bent shape, water in the air is liquefied in the air channel 53 to form water flow which flows downwards, the water containing area 54 is arranged above the camera 55, the water in the air channel 53 flows into the water containing area 54, the water containing area 54 extends towards two sides of the box body, the opening of the water containing area 54 is positioned vertically below the opening at two sides of the air channel 53, the bottom end of the water containing area 54 is provided with the inverted-horn-shaped water flowing channel 57, the water flowing channel is reduced and is compressed to generate power, the water flowing channel 57 is vertically positioned above the camera 55, the camera 55 can be periodically washed, the water flowing channel 57 is provided with the buoyancy switch 56, so that when the water containing area 54 has a certain volume, the buoyancy switch 56 is jacked up, simultaneously the flow force of certain volume's water is bigger, can carry out better washing to camera 55, can make the camera remain throughout clean, and image data is more accurate.
The method for detecting the forest environment change of the high-resolution remote sensing image comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring high altitude overhead view image information of a measured forest area by using a remote sensing satellite and transmitting the information to a ground base station, and acquiring soil, air and image data of a forest environment by using a forest environment detection station and transmitting the data to the ground base station; the forest environment detection stations are arranged along different contour lines in a measured forest environment area, the vertical interval of the contour lines is 100-150 meters, the number of the forest environment detection stations in the same contour line is at least two groups, and the connection lines of the environment detection points of the three adjacent groups of contour lines are broken lines.
Step 2: the ground base station combines, processes and analyzes the received information and data to obtain a forest change result, and the forest change result is stored and then displayed in a display module, specifically:
step 21: after receiving high-altitude overlook image information of a remote sensing satellite, a ground base station extracts earth surface coverage types, vegetation indexes RVI and albedo in forest image information, and after the ground base station receives soil and air data of forest environment collected by forest environment detection stations, a data set of each forest environment detection station is obtained;
step 22: and the ground base station compares the data set values of all the forest environment detection stations, the forest environment detection station connecting lines where the data sets with the data difference values in the same range are located form block areas and are endowed with different colors, wherein when the colors of a plurality of the block areas are the same, the outermost forest environment detection station connecting lines are reserved to form a forest block diagram. And if the forest environment detection station cannot form a block area, connecting the corresponding forest environment detection station to the nearest contour line.
Step 23: processing the average value of the data sets of the forest environment detection stations forming the block areas to obtain an average data set, then marking the high altitude overhead view image, the forest environment image and the block area average data set of the corresponding block areas on a forest block diagram, meanwhile marking the average data set obtained by the last detection on the forest block diagram to obtain a forest change result diagram, and storing the result and displaying the result in a display module.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The system is characterized by comprising a ground base station, a remote sensing satellite and a forest environment detection station, wherein the remote sensing satellite collects high-altitude overhead view image information of a forest and sends the information to the ground base station, the forest environment detection station collects soil, air and image data of the forest environment and sends the data to the ground base station, and the ground base station processes and analyzes the received information and data to obtain a forest environment change result.
2. The system for detecting forest environment change of the high-resolution remote sensing image according to claim 1, wherein the ground base station comprises a receiving module, a processing module and a display module;
the receiving module is used for receiving high-altitude overlook image information of the remote sensing satellite and forest environment soil, air and image data of the forest environment detection station;
the processing module is used for combining the information and the data received by the receiving module and comparing the information and the data received at different times to obtain a forest change result and transmitting the result to the display module;
and the display module is used for displaying the forest change result obtained by the processing module.
3. The system for detecting the forest environment change of the high-resolution remote sensing image according to claim 1, wherein the forest environment detection station is located at the midpoint position of two trees, the forest environment detection station comprises a soil detection box (3) and a soil detection probe (4) for detecting forest environment soil, an air detection box (5) for detecting forest environment air, a solar battery component (6) for supplying power to the system by using solar energy, a wireless transceiver (7) for data transmission, and further comprises a hollow upright rod (1) and a rod base member (2), the upright rod (1) and the rod base member (2) are located at the midpoint position of a connecting line of the two trees, the solar battery component (6) and the wireless transceiver (7) are located at the top end of the upright rod (1), the soil detection box (3) and the soil detection probe (4) are located inside soil below the rod base member (2), the air detection box (5) is positioned on the vertical rod (1).
4. The forest environment change detection system of high-resolution remote sensing images according to claim 3, wherein the pole base piece (2) is a reinforced concrete structural member, the pole (1) is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of pole sections (11) up and down in sequence, the pole sections (11) are fixedly connected through an outer hoop (12) and an inner hoop (13), the inner hoop (13) is connected with the inner surfaces of the two groups of pole sections (11), the outer hoop (12) is connected with the outer surfaces of the two groups of pole sections (11), the outer hoop (12) comprises two groups of hoop bodies (121) fixed through bolts, elastic plates (122) are arranged inside the hoop bodies (121), the inner hoop (13) comprises a hoop ring (131), and the outer surface of the hoop ring (131) is connected with at least two groups of semi-arc plates (133) through springs (132).
5. The forest environment change detection system based on the high-resolution remote sensing images as claimed in claim 4, wherein a cross bar (8) is arranged on the outer wall of a hoop body (121) of the outer hoop (12) located at the lower end portion, a fixed hoop (9) is arranged at the tail end of the cross bar (8), the fixed hoop (9) comprises a hoop plate (91) fixed on a trunk, a measuring tape (94) is arranged inside the joint of the hoop plate (91) and the cross bar (8), a steel measuring tape (93) of the measuring tape (94) penetrates through an arc groove (92) in one end of the hoop plate (91) and is fixedly connected to the other end of the hoop plate (91), and a miniature camera (95) is arranged in the position, opposite to the axis of the measuring tape (94), in the cross bar (8).
6. The forest environment change detection system based on high-resolution remote sensing images as claimed in claim 3, wherein the air detection box (5) comprises a main control area (51), a probe area (52), an air channel (53) and a camera (55), the probe area (52) is located at the lower end of the main control area (51), the air channel (53) is in a bent shape with the probe area (52) as a vertex, the air channel (53) is located below the main control area (51), and the camera (55) is located at the lower end of the air channel (53).
7. The forest environment change detection system based on the high-resolution remote sensing image as claimed in claim 6, wherein a water containing area (54) is arranged above the camera (55), the water containing area (54) extends towards two sides of the box body, an opening of the water containing area (54) is located vertically below openings at two sides of the air channel (53), a water flowing channel (57) in an inverted horn shape is arranged at the bottom end of the water containing area (54), the water flowing channel (57) is vertically located above the camera (55), and a buoyancy switch (56) is arranged on the water flowing channel (57).
8. A method of testing using the system of any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
step (1): acquiring high altitude overhead view image information of a measured forest area by using a remote sensing satellite and transmitting the information to a ground base station, and acquiring soil, air and image data of a forest environment by using a forest environment detection station and transmitting the data to the ground base station;
step (2): and the ground base station combines, processes and analyzes the received information and data to obtain a forest change result, and the forest change result is stored and then displayed in a display module.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the forest environment detection stations are arranged along different contour lines in the measured forest environment area, the vertical interval of the contour lines is 100-150 meters, the number of the forest environment detection stations in the same contour line is at least two, and the connection lines of the environment detection points of three adjacent contour lines are broken lines.
10. The method for detecting forest environment changes of high-resolution remote sensing images according to claim 8, wherein the specific steps in the step (2) are as follows:
step (21): after receiving high-altitude overlook image information of a remote sensing satellite, a ground base station extracts earth surface coverage types, vegetation indexes RVI and albedo in forest image information, and after the ground base station receives soil and air data of forest environment collected by forest environment detection stations, a data set of each forest environment detection station is obtained;
step (22): the ground base station compares the data set values of all the forest environment detection stations, and the forest environment detection stations where the data sets with the data difference values in the same range are located are connected to form a block area to form a forest block diagram;
step (23): processing the average value of the data sets of the forest environment detection stations forming the block areas to obtain an average data set, then marking the high altitude overhead view image, the forest environment image and the block area average data set of the corresponding block areas on a forest block diagram, meanwhile marking the average data set obtained by the last detection on the forest block diagram to obtain a forest change result diagram, and storing the result and displaying the result in a display module.
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