CN113775081A - Construction method of inner and outer leaf composite wall of pseudo-classic building - Google Patents
Construction method of inner and outer leaf composite wall of pseudo-classic building Download PDFInfo
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- CN113775081A CN113775081A CN202111101830.XA CN202111101830A CN113775081A CN 113775081 A CN113775081 A CN 113775081A CN 202111101830 A CN202111101830 A CN 202111101830A CN 113775081 A CN113775081 A CN 113775081A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 237
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000405070 Percophidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of an inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of an antique building, which comprises the following steps: firstly, deepening the design of a wall body; secondly, embedding anchor lacing wires; thirdly, leveling and positioning; fourthly, snapping lines and performing sample activity; fifthly, building an inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall; sixthly, dotting the wall surface. The inner leaf wall brick and the outer leaf wall brick have the advantages that the labor intensity is reduced, the construction quality is effectively guaranteed, the inner leaf wall brick and the outer leaf wall brick are connected into a whole through the anchor tie bars, the tie bars and the wall pressing bars, the wall structure is reliable and stable, the design requirements of the tie bars and the wall pressing bars with large diameters are met, the width requirement of mortar joints is guaranteed, the outer vertical face meets the design requirement of a white dropping wall, and the practicability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction of an external wall of an antique building, and particularly relates to a construction method of an internal and external leaf composite wall of the antique building.
Background
The antique building is used as a symbol of Chinese culture, is mostly used in small buildings, garden buildings and religious buildings with unique shapes, a white trickling wall is mostly adopted in the construction of the outer wall of the antique building at present, is also called as a white trickling brick wall and is mostly of a masonry structure, materials such as city bricks, mud stopping bricks and the like can be adopted as an outer leaf wall, the mortar joint of the white trickling wall is white, the finished outer wall is neat and attractive, fresh and elegant, and is deeply popular with the public.
When the traditional small stopping mud flowing white wall is built, cement mortar, lime mortar and plain building blocks are mainly adopted for building the wall, an inner leaf wall and an outer leaf wall are constructed simultaneously, grouting and filling are carried out between the inner leaf wall and the outer leaf wall, after the building is completed, secondary pointing treatment is carried out on the outer leaf wall, if modern novel materials are adopted, such as autoclaved aerated concrete blocks which serve as the inner leaf wall and small stopping mud bricks which serve as the outer leaf flowing white wall, on one hand, the inner leaf wall and the outer leaf wall have different brick size modulus, bricks need to be cut, and meanwhile, when the inner leaf wall and the outer leaf wall are built, the cross operation is too much, the construction is complicated, and the construction progress is slow; on the other hand, the thickness of the mortar joint in the traditional method is generally 8-12 mm, the thickness of the mortar joint required by the white wall flowing is generally 4-6 mm, if wall body structure treatment measures and secondary pointing are adopted for improvement, a groove with the thickness of 15-20 mm needs to be removed, and then the white mortar is fed into the brick joint by using a duckbill, so that the process is complicated, the difficulty is high, the time and the labor are consumed, and the construction quality of the finished surface is difficult to control, therefore, a construction method for the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the antique building, in which the outer leaf walls are all whole bricks, the outer vertical surface effect is formed in one step, and the secondary pointing is not needed, is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the defects in the prior art are overcome, and the construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the antique building is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a construction method of an inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of an antique building is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, deepening wall body design: according to the structure size of a concrete frame and a building construction drawing, the structure, the arrangement mode and the node connection of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies of the N-storey composite wall bodies are deeply designed, the anchoring design between the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies of the N-storey composite wall bodies and each-storey concrete structure and the pulling design inside the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies are completed, and the combination form of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies is determined, wherein N is a positive integer not greater than 10;
the inner leaf composite wall and the outer leaf composite wall of each floor composite wall are identical in structure, arrangement mode and node connection deepening design;
the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of each floor composite wall comprises p composite wall units, wherein each composite wall unit comprises an inner leaf wall, an outer leaf wall and a heat insulation layer arranged between the inner leaf wall and the outer leaf wall;
step two, embedding anchor lacing wires: according to a deepening design result, embedding a plurality of groups of anchoring pieces on the outer side surface of the frame column from bottom to top, wherein each anchoring piece comprises two horizontally arranged anchoring ribs;
step three, leveling and positioning: unifying the elevation of the whole field, calculating the number of skins according to the thickness of the whole brick according to the actual building layer height of the field, if the number of skins is an integer, performing the step four, and if the number of skins is not an integer, adjusting the thickness of base mortar and the thickness of mortar joints among the multi-skin outer leaf wall bricks until the number of skins is an integer;
step four, snapping a line and sampling: cleaning a base layer positioned at the bottom of the frame column, popping the wall thickness, the length and the position of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall on the base layer according to the design result of the deepened wall, and performing sample activity by adopting first outer leaf wall bricks according to the arrangement form of the brick joints of the cross joints;
step five, building an inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall: the masonry range comprises a composite wall body with the building elevation being +/-0.000 and an N-storey composite wall body, and the concrete steps are as follows:
step 501, building a composite wall with the building elevation of +/-0.000: laying an insulating layer on the outer side of a clay solid brick wall, and building two rows of first outer leaf wall bricks on the outer side of the insulating layer to the position with the building elevation of +/-0.000, wherein the first outer leaf wall bricks under the building elevation of +/-0.000 are built by adopting vertical bricks;
step 502, building a composite wall of N floors: building the N-storey composite wall from bottom to top, wherein the building process of each storey of composite wall is the same;
the building process of the composite wall body of each floor comprises the following steps: building p composite wall units between the two frame columns from bottom to top until the topmost composite wall unit abuts against the structural beam of the current floor;
the masonry process of each composite wall unit is as follows: building inner leaf wall bricks between two frame columns, laying heat-insulating layers on the outer sides of the frame columns and the inner leaf wall bricks, building H skin outer leaf wall bricks on the outer sides of the heat-insulating layers from bottom to top, wherein the H skin outer leaf wall bricks comprise H-2 skin lower outer leaf wall bricks and two skin upper outer leaf wall bricks, the lower outer leaf wall bricks comprise first outer leaf wall bricks and second outer leaf wall bricks which are arranged in the first outer leaf wall bricks in a staggered manner, the upper outer leaf wall bricks comprise two third outer leaf wall bricks, a lacing wire tied with an eave of the inner leaf wall bricks is arranged in a mortar joint of the two second outer leaf wall bricks in a penetrating manner, an anchor lacing wire tied with the frame columns, a lacing wire tied with the inner leaf wall bricks and a pressing wire arranged along the length direction of the wall are arranged in a penetrating manner in mortar joints of the two third outer leaf wall bricks, a reserved between the H skin outer leaf grouting wall bricks and the heat-insulating layers, and the third outer leaf wall bricks at the top end are abutted against a plurality of the current building layer of the first outer leaf wall bricks;
when in building, mortar is smeared on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the H skin outer leaf wall bricks, and white plaster strips are smeared on exposed side edges of the H skin outer leaf wall bricks, so that the H skin outer leaf wall bricks form a white flowing wall;
step 503, grouting and tiling: grouting into the grouting joint for three times, wherein grouting is carried out according to a one-layer one-grouting mode, a three-layer one-plastering mode and a five-layer one-pier mode, and after the composite wall body of the upper floor is built, the cut first outer leaf wall brick is adhered to the outer side of the outer overhanging eaves of the upper layer and the lower layer, so that the vertical surface of the outer leaf wall is straight;
sixthly, dotting the wall surface: the wall surface is wiped, the residual ash and the ash stain on the wall surface are cleaned, and the whole wall surface is cleaned and washed clean by clean water and a soft brush.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: the inner leaf wall bricks are made of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, the first outer leaf wall bricks, the second outer leaf wall bricks and the third outer leaf wall bricks are all made of small cement-stopping bricks, the heat-insulating layer is made of a heat-insulating integrated plate, and cement is made of portland cement.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: and arranging a vertical line and two dragging lines according to the positions of the elastic lines in the four steps, wherein the vertical line is arranged at the corner of the outer wall, the two dragging lines are respectively arranged at the brick seams at the two sides of the first outer leaf wall brick, an upper horizontal line and a lower horizontal line are arranged between the two dragging lines, and the two horizontal lines are respectively flush with the upper surface and the lower surface of the first outer leaf wall brick.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: in step 501, a moisture-proof layer is arranged on one surface of the clay solid brick wall close to the inner leaf wall brick.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the tie bar is arranged, L-shaped grooves are carved on the second outer leaf wall brick and the third outer leaf wall brick, the groove depth of each groove is more than or equal to 5mm, the groove width is more than or equal to 10mm, both ends of the tie bar are bent by 90 degrees, and the tie bar is placed in the grooves;
the laying length of the tie bar on the inner leaf wall brick is not less than two thirds of the thickness of the inner leaf wall brick, the laying length of the tie bar on the second outer leaf wall brick is not less than two thirds of the thickness of the second outer leaf wall brick, and the laying length of the tie bar on the third outer leaf wall brick is not less than two thirds of the thickness of the third outer leaf wall brick.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: the diameter of the wall pressing rib is 6.5mm, a V-shaped groove is carved on the third outer leaf wall brick, the V-shaped groove is communicated with one end of the groove, the groove depth of the V-shaped groove is larger than or equal to 10mm, the groove width of the V-shaped groove is larger than or equal to 10mm, the tie rib is firstly placed into the groove and the V-shaped groove, then the wall pressing rib is placed into the V-shaped groove, and the wall pressing rib is located above the tie rib.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: and the grooves of one third outer leaf wall brick are arranged upwards, the grooves of the other third outer leaf wall brick are arranged downwards, the anchor tie bar, the tie bar and the wall pressing bar are fixed in the two third outer leaf wall bricks, and mortar is used for compacting the mortar joints of the two third outer leaf wall bricks.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: the vertical spacing distance of anchor lacing wire is 420mm, the lacing wire is vertical quincunx and arranges, just the horizontal interval of lacing wire is not more than 500mm, the vertical interval of lacing wire is not more than 450mm, the horizontal interval of pressing the wall muscle is 500mm, the vertical interval of pressing the wall muscle is 420 mm.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: the arrangement position of the second outer leaf wall brick is matched with the arrangement position of the tie bar, and the arrangement is strengthened on two sides of the frame column and the door and window opening.
The construction method of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building is characterized by comprising the following steps: when step five is carried out, a leather counting rod needs to be arranged, the height of the leather counting rod is marked from an ash joint below a first outer leaf wall brick built by the masonry, the thickness of each leather brick, the thickness of each layer of ash joint, a windowsill, a window top and a lintel position, a wall brick carving position, a cornice line lifting position and the number of layers are marked on the leather counting rod clearly, 0.5m mark lines are marked on the leather counting rod clearly, and the mark lines on the leather counting rod correspond to the mark lines on the structure one to one.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional process, the invention has the advantages that on the basis of not increasing the cost, the inner leaf wall, the outer leaf wall and the heat insulation layer are directly used as the composite wall body, the operation is convenient, the labor intensity is reduced, the construction period is shortened, through deepening the wall body design, the problem of easy cross contamination during the construction is solved, the construction technical difficulty caused by different material specifications of the composite wall body is also solved, the construction quality is effectively ensured, the template type wall surface construction is realized by dividing the composite wall body units, and the practicability is strong.
2. The inner leaf wall, the outer leaf wall, the heat-insulating layer and the frame column are connected into a whole by arranging the anchor tie bar, the tie bar and the wall pressing bar, so that the wall structure is reliable and stable, the use effect is good, the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall body is stabilized by the tie bar and the wall pressing bar conveniently by arranging the groove and the V-shaped groove on the outer leaf wall brick, the design requirements of the tie bar and the wall pressing bar with large diameters are met, the width requirement of a mortar joint is also ensured, the outer vertical surface meets the design requirements of a sagging white wall, the appearance is attractive, and the practicability is high.
3. According to the invention, the outer leaf wall bricks of the upper floor are built on the outer cornice, so that the load of the outer leaf wall of the current floor is transmitted to the structural beam of the floor, the phenomenon that the outer leaf wall of the upper floor exerts pressure on the outer leaf wall of the lower floor to cause the wall to collapse is avoided, the engineering quality is improved, and the popularization and the use are convenient.
In conclusion, the inner and outer leaf composite wall bodies are built, so that the labor intensity is reduced, the construction quality is effectively guaranteed, the inner and outer leaf composite wall bodies are connected with the frame columns into a whole through the arrangement of the anchor tie bars, the tie bars and the wall pressing bars, the wall body structure is reliable and stable, the design requirements of the tie bars and the wall pressing bars with large diameters are met through the arrangement of the grooves and the V-shaped grooves in the outer leaf wall bricks, the width requirement of the mortar joints is also guaranteed, the outer vertical surfaces meet the design requirements of the white dropping wall, and the practicability is high.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the construction method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the external corner of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the composite wall with inner and outer leaves of the T-shaped wall of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a front view of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of step 501.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of step 502.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a first outer leaf wall brick of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a second outer leaf wall tile of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a third outer leaf wall brick of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-frame column; 2-inner leaf wall brick; 3-1-a first outer leaf wall brick;
3-2-second outer leaf wall tile; 3-third outer leaf wall brick; 4-heat insulation layer;
5, anchoring and pulling a rib; 6, stretching the rib; 7, pressing a wall rib;
8, forming a groove; 9-a V-shaped groove; 10-clay solid brick wall;
11-moisture barrier; 12-a structural beam; 13-outer cornice.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the pseudo-classic architecture of the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, deepening wall body design: according to the structure size of the concrete frame and a building construction drawing, the structure, the arrangement mode and the node connection of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies of the N-storey composite wall bodies are deeply designed, the anchoring design between the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies of the N-storey composite wall bodies and each-storey concrete structure and the pulling design inside the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies are completed, and the combination form of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies is determined, wherein N is a positive integer not greater than 10.
The inner leaf composite wall and the outer leaf composite wall of each floor composite wall are identical in structure, arrangement mode and node connection deepening design.
The composite wall body comprises p composite wall body units, each composite wall body unit comprises an inner leaf wall, an outer leaf wall and a heat insulation layer 4 arranged between the inner leaf wall and the outer leaf wall, wherein p is a positive integer larger than 1.
The anchor design comprises the step of determining the size and the layout position of the anchor tie bar 5, and the tie design comprises the step of determining the size and the layout position of the tie bar 6 and the wall pressing bar 7.
In the embodiment, the inner leaf wall brick 2 is made of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, the first outer leaf wall brick 3-1, the second outer leaf wall brick 3-2 and the third outer leaf wall brick 3-3 are all made of small mud stopping bricks, the heat preservation layer 4 is made of a heat preservation integrated plate, the mortar is made of Portland cement with the strength grade of PO32.5, the design and the typesetting are carried out according to the size and the mortar joint of each brick, and through early deepening design, the combination form of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall and the pulling mode between the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall and a concrete structure are determined, so that the composite white wall flowing process is formed at one time, and the overall stability of the wall is effectively guaranteed.
Step two, embedding anchor lacing wires: according to deepening the design result, adopt the spirit level accurate location on frame post 1, follow supreme pre-buried multiunit anchor on the lateral surface of frame post 1 from down, anchor draws the piece and includes two anchor lacing wires 5 that the level was laid.
During actual construction, it is ensured that the embedded position of the anchor lacing wire 5 is accurate, one end of the anchor lacing wire 5 is embedded in the frame column 1, the other end of the anchor lacing wire 5 is embedded in the third outer leaf wall brick 3-3, the vertical spacing distance of the anchor lacing wire 5 is 420mm, the embedded deviation is smaller than 3mm, and the anchor lacing wire 5 is ensured to be embedded firmly and prevent displacement.
Step three, leveling and positioning: and (4) unifying the elevation of the whole field, calculating the number of the skins according to the thickness of the whole brick according to the actual building layer height of the field, if the number of the skins is an integer, performing the step four, and if the number of the skins is not an integer, adjusting the thickness of the mortar of the base layer and the thickness of the mortar joints among the multi-skin outer leaf wall bricks until the number of the skins is an integer.
Step four, snapping a line and sampling: cleaning a base layer positioned at the bottom of the frame column 1, popping the wall thickness, the length and the position of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall on the base layer according to the deepened wall design result, and performing sample activity by adopting a first outer leaf wall brick 3-1 according to the arrangement form of the brick joints of the cross joints.
During actual construction, the building elevation is changed to +/-0.000 from the base, the arrangement position of a first outer leaf wall brick 3-1 at the +/-0.000 position of the building elevation is determined, the whole brick arrangement effect of the outer leaf wall is determined, the length of each section of wall is calculated, when the calculated length is not consistent with the designed length, the vertical mortar joint distance is adjusted, when the vertical mortar joint distance cannot be met, the paving is used for adjusting along the length of the long brick, the reduction of the length of each brick is not larger than 5mm, and the brick is adjusted in a centered and symmetrical mode.
When the number of the skins is not an integer, the base mortar thickness is preferentially increased to meet the requirement of the horizontal mortar joint thickness to be filled, wherein the increase value of the base mortar thickness is not more than 20mm, if the base mortar thickness to be filled is more than 20mm, the mortar joint thickness among the skins is increased on the basis of increasing the base mortar thickness, the increase distance among the skins is not more than 1mm, and the increased mortar joint thickness is not more than 7 mm.
In the embodiment, a vertical line and two dragging lines are arranged according to the positions of the elastic lines in the four steps, the vertical line is arranged at the corner of the outer wall, the two dragging lines are respectively arranged at the brick joints at the two sides of the first outer leaf wall brick 3-1, an upper horizontal line and a lower horizontal line are arranged between the two dragging lines, the two horizontal lines are respectively flush with the upper surface and the lower surface of the first outer leaf wall brick 3-1 so as to ensure that the flatness and the flatness of the inner leaf wall, the outer leaf wall and the mortar joint meet the requirements, an upper rope and a lower ridge are required during masonry, namely the upper ridge of the brick is based on the vertical line, and the lower ridge is based on the upper ridge of the bottom brick.
Step five, building an inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall: the masonry range comprises a composite wall body with the building elevation being +/-0.000 and an N-storey composite wall body, and the concrete steps are as follows:
step 501, building a composite wall with the building elevation of +/-0.000: as shown in fig. 6, an insulating layer 4 is laid on the outer side of a clay solid brick wall 10, two rows of first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 are built on the outer side of the insulating layer 4 to the position with the building elevation of +/-0.000, wherein the first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 below the building elevation of +/-0.000 are built by vertical bricks.
In this embodiment, set up dampproof course 11 on the one side that solid brick wall 10 of clay is close to inner leaf wall brick 2, avoid the indoor outer steam infiltration of one deck underground, influence the building basis.
Step 502, building a composite wall of N floors: and (4) building the N-storey composite wall from bottom to top, wherein the building process of each storey of composite wall is the same.
The building process of the composite wall body of each floor comprises the following steps: p composite wall units are built between the two frame columns 1 from bottom to top until the topmost composite wall unit abuts against the structural beam 12 of the current floor.
The masonry process of each composite wall unit is as follows: an inner leaf wall brick 2 is built between two frame columns 1, heat preservation layers 4 are laid on the outer sides of the frame columns 1 and the inner leaf wall brick 2, H skin outer leaf wall bricks are built on the outer sides of the heat preservation layers 4 from bottom to top, the H skin outer leaf wall bricks comprise H-2 skin lower outer leaf wall bricks and two skin upper outer leaf wall bricks, the lower outer leaf wall bricks comprise first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 and second outer leaf wall bricks 3-2 arranged in the first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 in a staggered mode, the upper outer leaf wall bricks comprise two third outer leaf wall bricks 3-3, a tie bar 6 tied with the inner leaf wall brick 2 penetrates through a mortar joint of the two second outer leaf wall bricks 3-2, an anchor tie bar 5 tied with the frame columns 1 and a tie bar 6 tied with the inner leaf wall bricks 2 penetrate through mortar joints of the two third outer leaf wall bricks 3-3, And the wall pressing ribs 7 are arranged along the length direction of the wall, grouting joints are reserved between the outer leaf wall bricks and the heat-insulating layer 4, and a plurality of first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 are built on the third outer leaf wall brick 3-3 at the topmost end to abut against the outer overhanging eaves 13 of the current floor.
When in building, mortar is smeared on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the H skin outer leaf wall brick, and a white plaster strip is smeared on the exposed side edges of the H skin outer leaf wall brick, so that the H skin outer leaf wall brick forms a white flowing wall.
During actual construction, two ash buckets are prepared before building, thin-layer building mortar and lime are respectively contained in the two ash buckets, a worker takes a brick in one hand during building, a trowel is used in the other hand to punch 20mm-25mm white ash strips on exposed side edges of an outer leaf wall brick, only two small ash piers are punched on the inward-facing edges of the outer leaf wall brick, ash piers are punched on two sides of the large surface of the outer leaf wall brick, the white ash strips can also be punched on outer edges of a brick layer of the built outer leaf wall brick, the trowel is used to scrape residual lime outside the extruded brick after the outer leaf wall brick is built, after each five-skin outer leaf wall brick is built, a backup ruler is used for checking the verticality and the flatness of a wall body, and the vertical joint width of the wall is built according to checking, so that the vertical joint is prevented from moving and walking.
It should be noted that the value range of H is 4 or more and 8 or less, the specifications of the autoclaved aerated concrete block are preferably 600mm × 240mm × 200mm and 600mm × 200mm × 200mm, the specification of the small cement-stopping brick is preferably 280mm × 140mm × 70mm, the mortar joint of the small cement-stopping brick is 4-6 mm, the mortar joint of the small cement-stopping brick in this embodiment is 5mm, and the mortar joint of the autoclaved aerated concrete block is 8 mm.
In this embodiment, H ═ 6 is taken to further explain, the outer leaf wall bricks at the middle and lower parts of the 6-skin outer leaf wall bricks comprise 4-skin first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 and second outer leaf wall bricks 3-2 inserted into the first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1, the 6-skin outer leaf wall bricks are taken as a group, and a 240 mm-skin autoclaved aerated concrete block, a 200 mm-skin autoclaved aerated concrete block and a heat-insulating layer 4 are matched to form a composite wall unit, so that the tie bars 6 between the inner leaf wall and the outer leaf wall are in the same horizontal plane.
During actual construction, the outer surface of the inner leaf wall brick 2 is flush with the outer surface of the frame column 1, the width of the grouting seam is preferably 15-20 mm, and the distance between the outer side surface of the outer cornice 13 and the outer side surface of the first outer leaf wall brick 3-1 is 45 mm.
In this embodiment, when the tie bar 6 is arranged, L-shaped grooves 8 are carved on the second outer leaf wall brick 3-2 and the third outer leaf wall brick 3-3, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the groove depth of the groove 8 is greater than or equal to 5mm, the groove width is greater than or equal to 10mm, both ends of the tie bar 6 are bent by 90 degrees, and the tie bar 6 is placed in the groove 8 so as to meet the requirement of seismic anchoring.
The laying length of the tie bar 6 on the inner leaf wall tile 2 should not be less than two thirds of the thickness of the inner leaf wall tile 2, the laying length of the tie bar 6 on the second outer leaf wall tile 3-2 should not be less than two thirds of the thickness of the second outer leaf wall tile 3-2, and the laying length of the tie bar 6 on the third outer leaf wall tile 3-3 should not be less than two thirds of the thickness of the third outer leaf wall tile 3-3. And should not be less than 70mm, and the two ends of the lacing wire 6 need to be bent by 90 degrees, and the bending length is not less than 50 mm.
In this embodiment, the horizontal mortar joint of the inner and outer leaf composite wall bodies is 6mm, the diameter of the wall pressing rib 7 is 6.5mm, as shown in fig. 10, a V-shaped groove 9 is carved on the third outer leaf wall brick 3-3, the V-shaped groove 9 is communicated with one end of the groove 8, the groove depth of the V-shaped groove 9 is greater than or equal to 10mm, the groove width is the widest part of the V-shaped groove 9, the tie rib 6 is firstly placed into the groove 8 and the V-shaped groove 9, and then the wall pressing rib 7 is placed into the V-shaped groove 9, so that the wall pressing rib 7 is located above the tie rib 6.
In this embodiment, the grooves 8 of one of the third outer leaf wall bricks 3-3 are arranged upward, the grooves 8 of the other third outer leaf wall brick 3-3 are arranged downward, the anchor tie bars 5, the tie bars 6 and the wall pressing bars 7 are fixed in the two third outer leaf wall bricks 3-3, and mortar is used for compacting mortar joints of the two third outer leaf wall bricks 3-3.
During actual construction, when a brick is built to a position below the elevation of the wall pressing rib 7, a third outer leaf wall brick 3-3 is used for building a skin along the rib in the direction with the upward notch, then mortar is spread, rib pressing is performed along the groove, another third outer leaf wall brick 3-3 is used for building a skin along the rib in the direction with the downward notch, the arrangement of the wall pressing rib 7 is completed, then the first outer leaf wall brick 3-1 is used for building continuously, and therefore the inner leaf wall brick 2, the heat preservation layer 4, the first outer leaf wall brick 3-1, the second outer leaf wall brick 3-2 and the third outer leaf wall brick 3-3 are integrated into a whole in a pulling mode, and a composite wall unit is formed.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, the vertical spacing distance of the anchor tie bar 5 is 420mm, the tie bar 6 is arranged in a vertical quincunx shape, the horizontal spacing of the tie bar 6 is not more than 500mm, the vertical spacing of the tie bar 6 is not more than 450mm, the horizontal spacing of the wall pressing bar 7 is 500mm, the vertical spacing of the wall pressing bar 7 is 420mm, during actual construction, the horizontal spacing of the tie bar 6 is determined to be 500mm according to the sizes of the inner leaf wall bricks 2 and the third outer leaf wall bricks 3-3, and the vertical spacing of the tie bar 6 is 420 mm.
In this embodiment, the arrangement position of the second outer leaf wall bricks 3-2 is adapted to the arrangement position of the tie bars 6, and the arrangement is strengthened at the frame column 1 and both sides of the door/window opening, that is, the tie bars 6 with the horizontal spacing not greater than 600mm are additionally arranged within the range of 300mm around the door/window opening.
It should be noted that, all the anchor tie bars 5, tie bars 6 and wall-pressing bars 7 are coated with antirust materials, and a galvanized protective layer or an epoxy coating is adopted for carrying out anticorrosive and antirust treatment to prolong the service life of the wall, wherein the thickness of the galvanized protective layer should not be less than 290 g/square meter, when the epoxy coating is adopted, the thickness of the mortar joint reinforcing steel bar coating should not be less than 290 μm, and the thickness of the rest parts should not be less than 450 μm.
Step 503, grouting and tiling: and (3) grouting into a grouting joint for three times, wherein peach blossom grout or white mortar is adopted for grouting, a vacant part cannot be formed during grouting, grout cannot be excessive, the wall surface is prevented from being propped open, the grouting is carried out according to the mode of one-layer grouting, three-layer plastering and five-layer plastering, one layer is a first outer leaf wall brick 3-1, and after the composite wall body of the previous floor is built, the cut first outer leaf wall brick 3-1 is stuck to the outer side of the outer overhanging eaves 13 of the upper layer and the lower layer, so that the vertical surface of the outer leaf wall is flat and straight.
During actual construction, 3-1 double rows of first outer leaf wall bricks are built according to horizontal brick cross joints below the building elevation +/-0.000, the wall thickness is 280mm, the first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 vertical bricks are used for building at the position of building elevation minus 0.140m, 3-1 single rows of first outer leaf wall bricks are built at the building elevation +/-0.000, the wall thickness is 140mm, two or more layers of first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 are built on the outer cornices 13 below the layer, as shown in figure 7, the cornices 45mm are formed on the outer leaf wall surface, the first outer leaf wall bricks 3-1 are cut into 140 x 65 x 35 specification brick strips by a cornice vertical face cutting machine for pasting, and bonding mortar is adopted during pasting to ensure firm pasting and prevent falling.
In this embodiment, in the fifth step, a rod with a number of leather sheets needs to be arranged, the height of the rod with the number of leather sheets is marked from the mortar joint below the first brick with the first outer leaf 3-1, the thickness of each brick with the number of mortar joints and the thickness of each layer of mortar joint should be marked on the rod with the number of leather sheets, and the elevation lines on the rod with the number of leather sheets correspond to the elevation lines on the structure one by one.
Sixthly, dotting the wall surface: every time ten bricks are built in the construction process, the wall surface is wiped and swept by a broom, and the residual ash and the ash stain on the wall surface are cleaned, so that the wall surface is cleaner and tidier. And finally, after the white flowing wall is completely built, cleaning and washing the whole wall surface by using clean water and a soft brush to show white seams of the grey bricks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of an inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of an antique building is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, deepening wall body design: according to the structure size of a concrete frame and a building construction drawing, the structure, the arrangement mode and the node connection of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies of the N-storey composite wall bodies are deeply designed, the anchoring design between the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies of the N-storey composite wall bodies and each-storey concrete structure and the pulling design inside the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies are completed, and the combination form of the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall bodies is determined, wherein N is a positive integer not greater than 10;
the inner leaf composite wall and the outer leaf composite wall of each floor composite wall are identical in structure, arrangement mode and node connection;
the inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall of each floor composite wall comprises p composite wall units, wherein each composite wall unit comprises an inner leaf wall, an outer leaf wall and a heat insulation layer (4) arranged between the inner leaf wall and the outer leaf wall;
step two, embedding anchor lacing wires: according to a deepening design result, a plurality of groups of anchoring pieces are pre-embedded on the outer side surface of the frame column (1) from bottom to top, and each anchoring piece comprises two horizontally arranged anchoring ribs (5);
step three, leveling and positioning: unifying the elevation of the whole field, calculating the number of skins according to the thickness of the whole brick according to the actual building layer height of the field, if the number of skins is an integer, performing the step four, and if the number of skins is not an integer, adjusting the thickness of base mortar and the thickness of mortar joints among the multi-skin outer leaf wall bricks until the number of skins is an integer;
step four, snapping a line and sampling: cleaning a base layer positioned at the bottom of the frame column (1), popping the wall thickness, the length and the position of an inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall on the base layer according to the design result of a deepened wall, and performing sample activity by adopting a first outer leaf wall brick (3-1) according to the arrangement form of brick joints of cross joints;
step five, building an inner leaf and outer leaf composite wall: the masonry range comprises a composite wall body with the building elevation being +/-0.000 and an N-storey composite wall body, and the concrete steps are as follows:
step 501, building a composite wall with the building elevation of +/-0.000: laying an insulating layer (4) on the outer side of a clay solid brick wall (10), and building two rows of first outer leaf wall bricks (3-1) on the outer side of the insulating layer (4) to a building elevation +/-0.000, wherein the first skin first outer leaf wall bricks (3-1) below the building elevation +/-0.000 are built by adopting vertical bricks;
step 502, building a composite wall of N floors: building the N-storey composite wall from bottom to top, wherein the building process of each storey of composite wall is the same;
the building process of the composite wall body of each floor comprises the following steps: building p composite wall units between the two frame columns (1) from bottom to top until the topmost composite wall unit abuts against a structural beam (12) of the current floor;
the masonry process of each composite wall unit is as follows: an inner leaf wall brick (2) is built between two frame columns (1), heat-insulating layers (4) are laid on the outer sides of the frame columns (1) and the inner leaf wall brick (2), H skin outer leaf wall bricks are built on the outer sides of the heat-insulating layers (4) from bottom to top, the H skin outer leaf wall bricks comprise H-2 skin lower outer leaf wall bricks and two skin upper outer leaf wall bricks, the lower outer leaf wall bricks comprise first outer leaf wall bricks (3-1) and second outer leaf wall bricks (3-2) arranged in the first outer leaf wall bricks (3-1) in a staggered mode, the upper outer leaf wall bricks comprise third outer leaf wall bricks (3-3), a tie bar (6) tied with the inner leaf wall bricks (2) penetrates through a mortar joint of the two second outer leaf wall bricks (3-2), and anchor tie bars (5) tied with the frame columns (1) penetrate through mortar joints of the two third outer leaf wall bricks (3-3), The wall brick is characterized by comprising a tie bar (6) which is tied with the inner leaf wall bricks (2) and a wall pressing bar (7) which is arranged along the length direction of the wall, grouting joints are reserved between the outer leaf wall bricks and the heat-insulating layer (4) of the H sheets, and a plurality of first outer leaf wall bricks (3-1) are built on third outer leaf wall bricks (3-3) at the topmost end until the first outer leaf wall bricks abut against the outer overhanging eaves (13) of the current floor;
when in building, mortar is smeared on the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the H skin outer leaf wall bricks, and white plaster strips are smeared on exposed side edges of the H skin outer leaf wall bricks, so that the H skin outer leaf wall bricks form a white flowing wall;
step 503, grouting and tiling: grouting into the grouting joint for three times, wherein grouting is carried out according to the mode of one-layer grouting, three-layer plastering, five-layer plastering and one-pier grouting, and after the composite wall body of the upper floor is built, the cut first outer leaf wall brick (3-1) is adhered to the outer side of the outer cornice (13) between the upper layer and the lower layer, so that the vertical surface of the outer leaf wall is straight;
sixthly, dotting the wall surface: the wall surface is wiped, the residual ash and the ash stain on the wall surface are cleaned, and the whole wall surface is cleaned and washed clean by clean water and a soft brush.
2. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner leaf wall bricks (2) are made of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, the first outer leaf wall bricks (3-1), the second outer leaf wall bricks (3-2) and the third outer leaf wall bricks (3-3) are all made of small stop bricks, the heat preservation layer (4) is made of a heat preservation integrated plate, and the mortar is made of portland cement.
3. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 1, characterized in that: and arranging a vertical line and two dragging lines according to the positions of the elastic lines in the four steps, wherein the vertical line is arranged at the corner of the outer wall, the two dragging lines are respectively arranged at the brick joints at the two sides of the first outer leaf wall brick (3-1), an upper horizontal line and a lower horizontal line are arranged between the two dragging lines, and the two horizontal lines are respectively flush with the upper surface and the lower surface of the first outer leaf wall brick (3-1).
4. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 501, a moisture-proof layer (11) is arranged on one surface of the clay solid brick wall (10) close to the inner leaf wall brick (2).
5. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the tie bar (6) is arranged, L-shaped grooves (8) are carved on the second outer leaf wall brick (3-2) and the third outer leaf wall brick (3-3), the groove depth of each groove (8) is more than or equal to 5mm, the groove width is more than or equal to 10mm, both ends of the tie bar (6) are bent by 90 degrees, and the tie bar (6) is placed in the grooves (8);
the laying length of the tie bars (6) on the inner leaf wall bricks (2) is not less than two thirds of the thickness of the inner leaf wall bricks (2), the laying length of the tie bars (6) on the second outer leaf wall bricks (3-2) is not less than two thirds of the thickness of the second outer leaf wall bricks (3-2), and the laying length of the tie bars (6) on the third outer leaf wall bricks (3-3) is not less than two thirds of the thickness of the third outer leaf wall bricks (3-3).
6. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 5, characterized in that: the diameter of the wall pressing rib (7) is 6.5mm, a V-shaped groove (9) is carved on the third outer leaf wall brick (3-3), the V-shaped groove (9) is communicated with one end of the groove (8), the groove depth of the V-shaped groove (9) is larger than or equal to 10mm, the groove width is larger than or equal to 10mm, the tie rib (6) is firstly placed into the groove (8) and the V-shaped groove (9), and then the wall pressing rib (7) is placed into the V-shaped groove (9), so that the wall pressing rib (7) is located above the tie rib (6).
7. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 5, characterized in that: and the groove (8) of one third outer leaf wall brick (3-3) is arranged upwards, the groove (8) of the other third outer leaf wall brick (3-3) is arranged downwards, an anchoring and pulling rib (5), a pulling rib (6) and a wall pressing rib (7) are fixed in the two third outer leaf wall bricks (3-3), and mortar is used for compacting mortar joints of the two third outer leaf wall bricks (3-3).
8. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 5, characterized in that: the vertical spacing distance of anchor lacing wire (5) is 420mm, lacing wire (6) are vertical quincunx and arrange, just the horizontal interval of lacing wire (6) is not more than 500mm, the vertical interval of lacing wire (6) is not more than 450mm, the horizontal interval of pressure wall muscle (7) is 500mm, the vertical interval of pressure wall muscle (7) is 420 mm.
9. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 8, wherein: the arrangement position of the second outer leaf wall bricks (3-2) is matched with the arrangement position of the tie bars (6), and the arrangement is strengthened at two sides of the frame column (1) and the door and window opening.
10. The construction method of the inner and outer leaf composite wall of the archaized building according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fifth step, a leather counting rod is required to be arranged, the height of the leather counting rod is marked from a mortar joint below the first leather first outer leaf wall brick (3-1) to be built, the thickness of each leather brick and the thickness of each layer of mortar joint are clearly marked on the leather counting rod, and the elevation lines on the leather counting rod correspond to the elevation lines on the structure one by one.
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