CN113773843A - Slope protection composition based on microbial curing and application thereof - Google Patents
Slope protection composition based on microbial curing and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a slope protection composition based on microbial curing and application thereof, relating to the technical field of ecological restoration, wherein straw particles and soil are formed into a slope protection straw layer on a slope body to be protected by utilizing the microbial curing effect; then, the slope protection microbial agent is utilized to achieve the technical effects of improving the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzymes and improving the survival rate of slope protection plants; in addition, through slope protection microbial inoculum and straw layer matrix cooperation use, but the cellulose of quick degradation promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure simultaneously, further promotes the survival rate of slope protection plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a slope protection composition based on microbial curing and application thereof.
Background
The fragile phenomenon of the ecological environment in China is gradually expanded, the phenomena of loose soil quality of a grassland and landslide are frequent due to wind and sand activities, secondary salinization, overloading of the grassland and the like, the sand content of a river is increased, and the livestock manure directly enters river water, so that the environmental development of the grassland is influenced, and the ecological balance of the water environment around the grassland is threatened. Vegetation slope protection is the first-selected ecological slope protection technology. But after the soil of the slope is degraded, desertification occurs and the water storage capacity is weakened; and the slope protection plant is at the initial stage of planting, and root system growth is slow, and the soil after the degeneration is unfavorable for plant seed implantation and plant rooting germination, and then leads to the survival rate to reduce, has increased the bank protection degree of difficulty, has weakened the ecological effect of bank protection. The prior art discloses a technical scheme for promoting the growth of slope protection plants through a straw board and a microbial agent, and although the technical effect of improving the survival rate of the slope protection plants is achieved, the defects of high processing and transportation cost of the straw board still exist.
Therefore, a slope protection composition capable of reducing the cost of slope protection is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention provides a slope protection composition based on microbial curing and an application thereof, and solves the technical problem that prefabricated straw boards are inconvenient to transport by forming a slope protection straw layer on a slope body to be protected.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a slope protection composition based on microbial curing, which comprises a slope protection straw composition for forming a slope protection straw layer on a slope body to be protected, and a matrix mixture for degrading the slope protection straw layer and promoting slope protection plants to survive;
the slope protection straw composition comprises 4-5 parts of soil, 1-2 parts of prefabricated straw particles and a curing composition which are mixed together; wherein the curing composition comprises a curing microbial agent and a cementing liquid; the curing composition is used in an amount of 2.5L/m3；
The substrate mixture comprises 60-82 parts of mixed soil, 25-35 parts of humic acid, 12-22 parts of decomposed cow dung, 6-8 parts of water-retaining agent, 15-35 parts of slope protection microbial agent and 15-21 parts of grass seeds.
Further, preferably, the solidified microbial agent is bacillus pasteurii; the cementing liquid is a mixture of 0.5mol/L urea and 1.5mol/L calcium chloride in an equal volume ratio; the volume ratio of the solidified microbial agent to the cementing liquid is 6: 6-9, and the OD value of the solidified microbial agent is 0.6-0.8.
Further, preferably, the slope protection microbial agent is prepared from the following components in a dry weight ratio of 1: 5-9 of a mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma harzianum and a bursa of moccasia.
Further, preferably, the grass seeds are a mixture of 40-60 parts of Chinese zoysia japonica seeds, 25-45 parts of oat seeds and 10-20 parts of alfalfa seeds.
Further, preferably, the method for obtaining the prefabricated straw particles comprises the following steps:
drying, extruding and cutting the plant straws into grains, and preparing the straw grains with the grain diameter of 5-20 mm.
The invention protects the application of the slope protection composition based on microbial curing in the field of slope protection.
Compared with the prior art, the slope protection composition based on microbial curing and the application thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1) forming a slope protection straw layer on a slope body to be protected by utilizing the microbial solidification function of straw particles and soil; then, the slope protection microbial agent is utilized to achieve the technical effects of improving the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzymes and improving the survival rate of slope protection plants; in addition, the slope protection microbial agent is matched with the straw layer matrix for use, so that the cellulose can be rapidly degraded, the formation of a soil granular structure is promoted, and the survival rate of slope protection plants is further improved;
2) the microbial solidification slope protection is carried out by adopting a mode of calcium carbonate precipitation induced by the pasteurella, so that a hardened straw protective layer is formed on the slope surface to be protected to resist wind and rain erosion, and the method is environment-friendly; secondary pollution can not be generated;
3) the slope protection is cured by microorganisms in a mixing mode, and a protective layer of the cured straw has high hardness and strong capability of resisting wind and rain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a soil cohesion profile of an embodiment of the microorganism-cured slope protection composition of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The examples do not show specific techniques or conditions, and the reagents or apparatuses used are not shown in the specifications of the products, and the conventional products are available from normal distributors.
In the prior art, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are beneficial soil microorganisms that can infect most higher plants in the terrestrial ecosystem and form a "mycorrhizal" symbiotic structure, and are one of the important functional flora of the ecosystem. AM fungi, Trichoderma and plant root growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) are typical plant root symbiotic microorganisms.
The AM fungus can have the function of promoting the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus of crops, can secrete the sacchricin to improve the content of soil organic matters and improve the conditions of soil air exhaust, water supply and the like, and the sacchricin can promote the formation of soil aggregates through the binding capacity with soil particles to protect soil organic carbon from being decomposed by microorganisms; meanwhile, the fertilizer can also be used as a soil active organic carbon source, supplement a carbon source for other microorganisms and stimulate functional microorganism colonization, so that the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus of crops is promoted; the bursa of Moses fungus (AMF) is one of mycorrhizal fungi, can reduce the content of malondialdehyde in plants, and is favorable for enhancing the drought stress resistance of seedlings.
The trichoderma harzianum, the mosaicism ductocystis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens have interaction, so that the soluble sugar content of leaves of seedlings can be improved, the relative water content and the chlorophyll content are increased, the hypha density is higher, meanwhile, the root length and the branching number of slope protection plants are increased, the covering area of hyphae is enlarged after the trichoderma harzianum is combined with fungal hyphae, and the absorption of water and mineral elements is enhanced; promoting the growth of plants, especially the growth of root systems. Among them, Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and Glomus mosseae (Glomus mosseae) are all commercially available.
In addition, MICP (microbial induced calcium carbonate) is a biologically induced mineralization that is widely found in nature, and microorganisms metabolize to produce carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate ions, which are environments in which precipitation of calcium carbonate is dependent. Among them, the calcium carbonate biomineralization technique that is widely used is MICP by urea hydrolysis. When the urease-producing microorganisms are in a urea-calcium ion environment, urease can be produced through metabolism, the urease decomposes urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, the concentration of local carbonate ions is increased, and meanwhile, cell walls of thallus with negative charges can chelate calcium ions, so that calcite is mineralized and deposited, and is not only insoluble in water, but also has good compatibility with cement-based materials.
The strain used in the invention is bacillus pasteurii (Sporosarcina pasturii) which is an aerobic gram-positive bacterium and can produce a large amount of urease in the metabolic process; MICP may be performed by using Bacillus pasteurii to catalyze urea hydrolysis. Among them, Bacillus pasteurianus is commercially available.
Preparation example 1
PDA culture medium: 21.0g of sucrose, 20.0g of agar and 200g of potato; 1000ml of distilled water, and the PH value is 7.0-7.5;
PDB culture medium: (28 ℃, 180r/min, 72 h): 20.0g of cane sugar and 200g of potatoes; 1000ml of distilled water, and the PH value is 7.0-7.5;
nutrient agar medium (NA): 5.0g of beef extract, 10.0g of peptone, 5.0g of sodium chloride, 20.0g of agar, 1000ml of distilled water and pH 7.0-7.2;
NB medium: 10.0g of peptone, 5.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of sodium chloride, 20.0g of agar, 1000ml of distilled water and pH 7.0-7.5;
BPY medium: 5.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of sodium chloride, 10.0g of glucose, 10.0g of peptone, 5.0g of yeast powder, 1000ml of distilled water and 7.0-7.5 of PH;
all media were sterilized at 121 ℃ for 30min for use.
Respectively activating bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain and trichoderma harzianum strain stored at 4 ℃ by using NA and PDA plates, and respectively culturing for 2 days and 5 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃; inoculating bacillus amyloliquefaciens into a BYP liquid culture medium, and culturing for 2 days in a constant-temperature oscillation incubator at 28 ℃ and 180 r/min; adding 10ml of sterilized normal saline into each plate of the Trichoderma harzianum strain full of spores, hanging sporangium by using an applicator, inoculating into PDB culture medium, and culturing for 5 days in a constant-temperature shaking incubator at 28 ℃ and 180 r/min. Wherein the bacterial amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 × 108cfu/ml, adjusting the spore concentration of Trichoderma harzianum liquid to 1 × 106One per ml.
Weighing 51% of straw, 25.5% of wheat bran, 1.5% of rice bran, 21.5% of shell powder and 0.5% of (NH)4)2SO4Mixing to obtain fermented material, adding water to make water content of the fermented material reach 75%, stirring, packaging into polypropylene fungus bags, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20min, 150g per bag to obtain sterilized fermented material; adding 3ml of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation seed liquid and 5ml of trichoderma harzianum fermentation seed liquid into the sterilized fermentation material, and fermenting for 12 days at room temperature; and after culturing for 12 days, drying the fermentation product, separating the fermentation material from conidia by screening, collecting spore powder, and storing at 4 ℃ to obtain the mixed microbial inoculum of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the trichoderma harzianum.
The method comprises the following steps of planting and breeding the bursa of moccasia micraccoon in advance through corn, taking a mixture of spores, extra-root hyphae and root soil of infected corn root segments of the bursa of moccasia micraccoon as a bursa of moccasia micraccoon microbial inoculum, wherein each gram of the bursa of moccasia micraccoon microbial inoculum contains 25-35 spores; specifically, the propagating step comprises: takes the spores, hyphae and soil samples of infected plant root segments of the Muscosculus tussississimus as an initial inoculant and takes corn or Sudan grass as host plants. Mixing a mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma harzianum with a moscilla ductus agent according to a mass ratio of 1: 5-9 to form mixed bacterial powder, and mixing the mixed bacterial powder with filtered diatomite to obtain the slope protection microbial agent.
Mixing a mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma harzianum with a moscilla ductus agent according to a mass ratio of 1: 5 mixing to form mixed bacterial powder, and mixing the mixed bacterial powder with filtered diatomite to obtain slope protection microbial agent I; mixing a mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma harzianum with a moscilla ductus agent according to a mass ratio of 1: 9 mixing to form mixed bacterial powder, and mixing the mixed bacterial powder with filtered diatomite to obtain a second microbial agent for the slope protection; mixing a mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma harzianum with a moscilla ductus agent according to a mass ratio of 1: 4.5 mixing to form mixed bacterial powder, and mixing the mixed bacterial powder with filtered diatomite to obtain slope protection microbial agent III; mixing a bacillus amyloliquefaciens microbial inoculum with the Moxidou Tunica microbial inoculum and the Trichoderma harzianum wettable powder according to the mass ratio of 3: 8: 95 to form mixed bacterial powder, and mixing the mixed bacterial powder with filtered diatomite to obtain the slope protection microbial agent IV.
Inoculating the Papanicolaou bacillus into Papanicolaou bacillus culture medium solution according to the inoculation amount of 1% (V/V), wherein the Papanicolaou bacillus culture medium solution comprises 10g/L of tryptone, 5g/L of beef extract, 6.5g/L of yeast extract, 5g/L, NaCl 1g/L of ammonium sulfate and H2A culture medium of O1L; adding urea to the culture medium solution to reach the concentration of 10g/L, and adding NiCl2To a concentration of 4 g/L; culturing at 31 deg.C and pH of 8.1 with a shaker rotation speed of 130rmp/min for 38 hr; and diluting until OD600 is 0.6-0.8 to prepare the bacillus pasteurii bacterial liquid.
A mixture of 0.5mol/L urea and 1.5mol/L calcium chloride in an equal volume ratio is used as a cementing liquid. A mixture of 0.5mol/L urea and 1.5mol/L calcium chloride in an equal volume ratio is used as a cementing liquid. Mixing the solidified microbial agent and the cementing solution according to the volume ratio of 2: 2-3 to prepare a solidified composition;
crushing the straws into straw fragments of 5-10 cm; wherein the straw can be wheat straw, soybean straw, corn straw, rice straw, and is preferably wheat straw. Soaking the straw fragments for 24-72 hours, and then drying to control the water content to be 20%; and extruding and cutting the dried straw fragments into straw particles with the particle size of 5-20 mm, thus obtaining the prefabricated straw particles. Wherein, it needs to be said that the straws are pretreated to remove the sections and sheaths of the straws. In addition, pulverizingSoaking the good straw fragments for 24-72 hours, and then performing a pulverization link; the crushed straws are soaked in clear water, so that cellulose and water molecules in the straw fibers can be fully infiltrated, and natural fiber dissociation treatment can be performed on the straws at room temperature and in a humid environment by means of air and microorganisms carried by the straws, so that a small amount of hemicellulose can be removed, a small amount of lignin can be dissolved out, and intercellular layers of straw cells can be softened. Then, mixing 4-5 parts of soil, 1-2 parts of prefabricated straw particles and the curing composition to form slope protection straw layer slurry; the curing composition is used in an amount of 2.5L/m3(ii) a Wherein, straw fibre is difficult for the caking in the stirring process when water-to-glue ratio is 0.6, homodisperse in slope protection straw layer slurry, and the microorganism solidification is closely knit good simultaneously.
Effect example 1
Mixing the solidified microbial agent with the cementing solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a solidified composition I;
mixing 4 parts of soil, 2 parts of prefabricated straw particles and a curing composition, wherein the using amount of the curing composition is 2.5 ml/cm2(ii) a Forming a first slurry of the slope protection straw layer; pouring the slurry of the slope protection straw layer into a test block mold to obtain a test block I, wherein the test block mold is a cuboid of 10cm multiplied by 40 cm. After preparation, the first test block is stored in a mold for 24 hours at room temperature of about 25 ℃, and is maintained for 28 days after demolding.
Samples of each group were prepared in 3, tested under the same conditions and the test results averaged. It should be noted that all test blocks need to be poured on the same day, the same materials and the same mixing ratio are adopted, and the pouring is performed under the same curing conditions after the form removal.
Effect example 2
Mixing the solidified microbial agent and the cementing solution according to the volume ratio of 2:3 to prepare a solidified composition II;
5 parts of soil, 2 parts of prefabricated straw particles and a second curing composition are mixed, wherein the using amount of the second curing composition is 2.5 ml/cm2(ii) a Forming a slope protection straw layer slurry II; pouring the slurry of the slope protection straw layer into a test block mold to obtain a test blockSecondly, the test block mould is a cuboid with the size of 10cm multiplied by 40 cm. After preparation, the second test block is stored in a mold for 24 hours at room temperature of about 25 ℃, and is maintained for 28 days after demolding.
Effect example 3
Mixing the solidified microbial agent with the cementing solution according to the volume ratio of 3:4 to prepare a solidified composition III;
5 parts of soil, 1 part of prefabricated straw particles and a third curing composition are mixed, wherein the third curing composition is used in an amount of 2.5 ml/cm2(ii) a Forming slope protection straw layer slurry III; pouring the slurry of the slope protection straw layer into a test block mold to obtain a test block III, wherein the test block mold is a cuboid of 10cm multiplied by 40 cm. After preparation, the third test block is stored in a mold for 24 hours at room temperature of about 25 ℃, and is maintained for 28 days after demolding.
Comparative example
5 parts of soil, 2 parts of prefabricated straw particles and distilled water are mixed, and the using amount of the distilled water is 2.5 ml/cm2(ii) a Forming slurry IV of the slope protection straw layer; pouring the slurry of the slope protection straw layer into a test block mold to obtain a test block IV, wherein the test block mold is a cuboid of 10cm multiplied by 40 cm. After preparation, the test block four was stored in a mold at room temperature of about 25 ℃ for 24 hours, and then demolded and cured for 28 days.
Determination of compressive strength and calcium carbonate content:
for each group of test blocks, a WAW-1000KN microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine of a structural laboratory is adopted to press slit at the speed of 0.3MPa/s and test the original uniaxial compressive strength of each test block. Wherein, the uniaxial compressive strength is tested by a Material test System810(MTS810), the load precision is +0.5 percent, a displacement control mode is adopted, the axial line of the sample is parallel to the direction of the acting force, and the loading rate is 0.05 mm/min.
And measuring the content of calcium carbonate in each group of test blocks.
The measurement results are shown in table 1:
table 1 compressive strength and calcium carbonate content of effect examples test block
| Test block | Compressive strength Kpa | Calcium carbonate content% |
| Test block one | 1257 | 11.84 |
| Test block two | 1302 | 12.98 |
| Test block three | 1289 | 12.15 |
| Comparative example | 384 | 0.92 |
As can be seen from table 1, the unconfined compressive strength of the first slope protection straw layer test block, the second slope protection straw layer test block and the third slope protection straw layer test block formed by mixing the curing composition with soil and straw particles by a premixing method reaches 1.2 MPa-1.3 MPa, and the calcium carbonate content thereof reaches about 12%; compared with the test block four in the comparative example, the unconfined compressive strength is improved by four times; the solidification effect and the hardness of the slope soil body are improved.
Wind erosion and rain erosion test:
weighing the slope protection straw layer test blocks obtained in the effect examples and the comparative examples from one to four, and recording the original gram weight; and (3) placing the first to fourth test blocks of the slope protection straw layer at a distance of 20cm from the industrial fan, carrying out air erosion at a wind speed of 15m/s, measuring the gram weight of the first to fourth test blocks of the slope protection straw layer after 30min of air erosion, and calculating the weight loss of the first to fourth test blocks of the slope protection straw layer to judge the wind erosion resistance of the test blocks of the slope protection straw layer.
Weighing the slope protection straw layer test blocks obtained in the effect examples and the comparative examples from one to four, and recording the original gram weight; placing the slope protection straw layer test blocks I to IV in a containing disc, and placing the slope protection straw layer test blocks under a faucet for a scouring test. The placing angle of the accommodating disc is 30 degrees, the simulated rainfall intensity is 3L/min, and the simulated rainfall time is 1 min. And finally, putting the washed test block into a 60 ℃ oven for drying for 24h, weighing the residual mass, and judging the rain erosion resistance of the test block by calculating the weight loss of the test block I to the test block IV of the slope protection straw layer. The test results after wind erosion and rain erosion are shown in table 2.
Table 2 test results of test block of effect example after wind erosion and rain erosion
| Test block | Weight loss due to wind erosion% | Weight loss due to rain erosion% |
| Test block one | 5.2 | 18.6 |
| Test block two | 3.7 | 11.1 |
| Test block three | 4.8 | 14.7 |
| Comparative example | 26.3 | 43.1 |
The slope protection composition based on microbial curing and the application thereof adopt a combined sand fixation method of high-yield urease microbial Paenibacillus pasteurianus induced calcium carbonate precipitated soil and straw particles. The urea in the cementing liquid is firstly hydrolyzed into CO by urease generated by microorganisms3 2-And NH4 +，CO3 2-Ca with calcium chloride2+The combination generates calcium carbonate, which is beneficial to the precipitation of the calcium carbonate, shows extremely strong flocculation and bonding effects, and can lead soil particles to be aggregated into a cluster by effectively increasing the cohesive force between the soil particles and the straw particles, thereby improving the wind and rain erosion resistance of the slope body.
Example 1
Stirring and mixing 70 parts of local soil, 30 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of decomposed cow dung, 7 parts of water-retaining agent, 25 parts of microbial agent I and 17 parts of grass seeds to form a first matrix mixture;
the method for obtaining humic acid comprises the following steps: extracting humic acid from weathered coal by an alkali-soluble acid precipitation method, and drying and granulating to obtain the humic acid particles. Humic acid is added into the matrix mixture, and the humic acid has quick-acting and slow-acting effects; the soil structure can be changed, and the soil permeability is increased; the pH value of the soil can be adjusted by changing the pH value of the soil; it also stimulates the proliferation and growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
Wherein the grass seeds are a mixture of 60 parts of Chinese zoysia japonica seeds, 45 parts of oat seeds and 20 parts of alfalfa seeds. In practice, the grass seed may be one or more of zoysia sinensis, oat seed, alfalfa, green bristlegrass, fescue, buffalo grass, and the like. The root system of the Chinese zoysia japonica is more developed than that of the green bristlegrass, and the root systems and the soil of the Chinese zoysia japonica, the alfalfa and the oat can form a root-soil complex, so that the root system complex can reinforce the soil and improve the shear strength of the soil body. Therefore, in order to adapt to the northern environment and improve the overall slope protection effect in the experiment, the mixed planting of the Chinese zoysia, the oat and the alfalfa is selected.
Example 2
60 parts of local soil, 25 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of decomposed cow dung, 6 parts of water-retaining agent, 15 parts of microbial agent II and 15 parts of grass seeds are stirred and mixed to form a matrix mixture II;
wherein the grass seeds are a mixture of 40 parts of Chinese zoysia japonica seeds, 25 parts of oat seeds and 10 parts of alfalfa seeds.
Example 3
Stirring and mixing 82 parts of local soil, 35 parts of humic acid, 22 parts of decomposed cow dung, 8 parts of water-retaining agent, 35 parts of microbial agent and 21 parts of grass seeds to form a third matrix mixture;
wherein the grass seeds are a mixture of 50 parts of Chinese zoysia japonica seeds, 35 parts of oat seeds and 15 parts of alfalfa seeds.
Example 4
Stirring and mixing 82 parts of local soil, 35 parts of humic acid, 22 parts of decomposed cow dung, 8 parts of water-retaining agent, 35 parts of microbial agent and 21 parts of grass seeds to form a matrix mixture IV;
wherein the grass seeds are a mixture of 50 parts of Chinese zoysia japonica seeds, 35 parts of oat seeds and 15 parts of alfalfa seeds.
Application example 1
Selecting five sloping fields with the same inclination angle at the northern Yingzi village section of the ocean river of Anshan city in Liaoning province to carry out an on-site slope protection test; the average maximum wind speed of 15 meters per second for many years, the annual precipitation amount is 1000mm, the annual change of the precipitation amount is large, the annual distribution is extremely uneven, the average wind speed is mainly concentrated in 6-9 months, and the average wind speed accounts for about 76-79% of the annual precipitation amount. Selecting 2020, 4 months of the dry season in the test time; the inclination angle of the selected sloping field is 34 degrees; slope protection straw layers are used in A1-A4 land, and slope protection straw plates are used in A5 five-slope land.
Carrying out slope surface finishing on plots A1-A4; the periphery of the slope body to be protected is provided with baffles; preparing a slope protection straw layer; through hole moulds are uniformly arranged on the slope body to be protected, and slope protection straw layer slurry is laid in the baffle on the slope body to be protected, wherein the thickness of the laid slurry is 20-40 mm.
Curing and molding in a natural environment, and removing the baffle and the through hole die after curing for 20 days to obtain the slope protection straw layer with the through holes; filling the matrix mixture into the through holes of the slope protection straw layer; covering soil and maintaining; covering soil on the surface of the straw layer, and watering regularly, preferably to thoroughly wet the upper layer and cover the soil and the straw layer. Wherein, the A1 plot uses bank protection straw layer slurry one and contains the matrix mixture one of bank protection microbial inoculum one, the A2 plot uses bank protection straw layer slurry two and contains the matrix mixture two of bank protection microbial inoculum, the A3 plot uses bank protection straw layer slurry three and contains the matrix mixture three of bank protection microbial inoculum, the A4 plot uses bank protection straw layer slurry four and contains the matrix mixture four of bank protection microbial inoculum.
Preparing a straw plate provided with through holes; the thickness of the straw board is 9cm, the diameter of the through holes is 9cm, and the hole spacing is 15 cm; the density of the straw board is 0.6g/cm3And the Shore hardness of the straw board is 61A. Constructing a straw board structure slope protection in an A5 land, constructing according to slope surface arrangement, straw board fixing, grass seed-containing matrix mixture filling and soil covering maintenance processes, and specifically excavating grooves at the top and the bottom of a slope; anchoring the upper end of the straw plate in the groove on the top of the slope by using a rivet, filling the groove with soil and compacting; anchoring the bottom end of the straw board in the groove of the toe by using a rivet, and filling and compacting soil; filling the substrate mixture containing grass seeds into the holes of the straw board; a5 plot uses matrix mixture IV containing slope protection microbial agent IV, and for five slopes, the amount of matrix mixture used per square slope is the same. Soil is covered on the surface of the straw board, particularly, soil is filled in the groove of the straw board, and then watering is carried out periodically, so that the upper layer of soil and the straw board are preferably thoroughly wetted.
During the test period, the slope surface experiences rainfall with different intensities for many times, and after the rainfall is finished, the slope surface under the straw board is basically kept dry, so that in the rainfall process, the vegetation on the slope surface reduces the scouring of raindrops on the soil of the slope surface to a certain extent, and the protection effect of the method on the slope surface is verified.
In 10 months in 2020, the field soil strength was tested by using the U.S. Iowa borehole shear tester.
Firstly, adopting a large soil sampler to sample soil on the surface layer to a depth of more than 50 cm, installing a shear tester at a hole opening, lowering a shear head to a test height, loading initial consolidation pressure and keeping for 15min, keeping the rest pressures at all levels for 5min respectively, measuring the shear strength of a soil body under the action of normal pressure at each level after consolidation is finished, and drawing a curve according to the strengths at all levels to obtain the cohesive force of the soil body. The graph of the change of the soil mass cohesive force along with the soil mass depth is shown in figure 1; figure 1 shows the cohesion of the soil mass for different mixtures of matrices.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the soil mass cohesion of the A1-A3 plots is far greater than that of the A4 plots at the same depth when the A1-A3 plots adopting the microbial agent for slope protection of the invention are compared with the A4 plots not adopting the curing composition. Therefore, the vegetation using the slope protection straw layer solidified based on the microorganisms has high survival rate, and fine mesh roots are formed in the soil body, so that the effect of reinforcing the soil body of the slope body is good, and therefore, the integral stability of the slope body of the land blocks A1-A3 is good, the phenomenon of soil body slippage does not occur, and the wind prevention and slope protection effect is good. Compared with A5 land blocks adopting slope protection straw plates, the A1-A3 land blocks adopting the slope protection straw layers have equivalent wind prevention and slope protection capabilities. However, the A1-A3 plots omit the processes of straw board processing and straw board transportation, and the construction difficulty is greatly reduced.
In addition, test soil B0 was extracted from plot a5 before the test was performed in 4 months of 2020 as a control example. Test soil B1-B5 were extracted from plots A1-A5 in 5 months of 2021, and the basic physical property indexes and particle compositions of the test soil by soil tests are shown in Table 3;
table 3 physical property table of test soil of each plot of application example
As can be seen from Table 3, the contents of sand grains of 1-0.05 mm in the soil of the plots A1-A3 using the slope protection straw layer of the present invention and the specific gravity of the soil of the plots A4 without the cured composition are reduced; the content of aggregate with more than 0.25mm, the content of organic matter and the porosity ratio all show an increasing trend. The sand content of the soil is reduced, the aggregate content is increased, the bonding force of the slope body is enhanced, the nutrition supply capability to plants is enhanced, and the windproof slope protection effect is good. Wherein, compared with the soil of A5 plots adopting the slope protection straw plates, the soil of A1-A3 plots adopting the slope protection straw layers has equivalent water retention and nutrition supply capacities. However, the A1-A3 plots omit the processes of straw board processing and straw board transportation, and the construction difficulty is greatly reduced.
The slope protection microbial inoculum plays a great role in the straw degradation process, the bacteria and fungus flora can completely degrade organic substances, the enzyme for decomposing cellulose is a multienzyme system, obvious synergistic effect exists among enzyme components, the straw can promote the formation of large agglomerated grains through tests, the loose state is kept, the problem that soil is easy to harden is effectively relieved, the soil porosity is increased, the soil structure is improved, and then suitable nutritional conditions are provided for the propagation of soil microorganisms, so that the soil microorganism activity is improved, a virtuous circle is formed, and the purpose of slope protection is achieved.
In summary, the slope protection composition based on microbial curing and the application thereof utilize the microbial curing effect to enable the straw particles and the soil to form a slope protection straw layer on a slope body to be protected; then, the slope protection microbial agent is utilized to achieve the technical effects of improving the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzymes and improving the survival rate of slope protection plants; in addition, through slope protection microbial inoculum and straw layer matrix cooperation use, but the cellulose of quick degradation promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure simultaneously, further promotes the survival rate of slope protection plant, has better prevent wind bank protection effect.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements do not depart from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A slope protection composition based on microorganism solidification is characterized in that,
comprises a slope protection straw composition used for forming a slope protection straw layer on a slope body to be protected and a matrix mixture used for degrading the slope protection straw layer and promoting the survival of slope protection plants;
the slope protection straw composition comprises 4-5 parts of soil, 1-2 parts of prefabricated straw particles and a curing composition which are mixed together; wherein the curing composition comprises a curing microbial agent and a cementing liquid; the curing composition is used in an amount of 2.5L/m3；
The substrate mixture comprises 60-82 parts of mixed soil, 25-35 parts of humic acid, 12-22 parts of decomposed cow dung, 6-8 parts of water-retaining agent, 15-35 parts of slope protection microbial agent and 15-21 parts of grass seeds.
2. The microorganism-based cured slope protection composition of claim 1, wherein the curing microbial agent is bacillus pasteurii; the cementing liquid is a mixture of 0.5mol/L urea and 1.5mol/L calcium chloride in an equal volume ratio; the volume ratio of the solidified microbial agent to the cementing liquid is 6: 6-9, and the OD value of the solidified microbial agent is 0.6-0.8.
3. The microorganism-cured-based slope protection composition according to claim 1,
the slope protection microbial agent is prepared from the following raw materials in a dry weight ratio of 1: 5-9 of a mixed microbial inoculum of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma harzianum and a bursa of moccasia.
4. The microorganism-curing-based slope protection composition according to claim 1, wherein the grass seeds are a mixture of 40-60 parts of zoysia sinensis seeds, 25-45 parts of oat seeds and 10-20 parts of alfalfa seeds.
5. The microorganism-curing-based slope protection composition according to claim 1, wherein the pre-fabricated straw particles are obtained by a method comprising:
drying, extruding and cutting the plant straws into grains, and preparing the straw grains with the grain diameter of 5-20 mm.
6. Use of the microorganism-cured-based slope protection composition of any one of claims 1-5 in slope protection.
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