CN113772792A - 一种磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件 - Google Patents
一种磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件,其包括带夹层的壳体,壳体两端设置有进口和出口,多个磁场发生器对称设置在壳体的夹层中形成磁束缚区域,吸附磁性纳米马达放置在磁束缚区域内,在磁场中吸附磁性纳米马达悬浮分散并束缚在该区域中,含污染物的流体流过磁束缚区域,在磁场、吸附磁性纳米马达的共同作用下,实现流体净化;当有流体流经磁束缚区域,流体中污染物被吸附磁性纳米马达捕集过滤,而纳米马达不会随流体流走;本发明装置结构简单,易操作,适于工业化生产和市场推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污染物处理技术领域,具体涉及一种磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件及其应用。
背景技术
随着生活水平和工业生产的不断发展,我国绝大多数城市都存在着较为严重的重金属废水污染问题,越来越多的污染物逐渐影响到了人类的生产生活,现有的污染物治理技术主要吸附、吸收、催化转化等,传统的吸附、吸收、催化转化技术大部分存在成本较高,作用效率低下,容易造成二次污染等问题,而污染物的处理已经成为当今世界的重大难题。重金属是一类残留累积性污染物,由于受到来自工业、农业、交通以及城市生活等多重环境的压力,如工矿冶炼“三废”排放、农用化学品使用、交通铅尘排放、城市污泥以及畜禽粪便农用等,使得我国环境重金属污染非常严重。例如由于铅具有熔点低、密度高、抗腐蚀、易于机械加工等特点而被广泛应用于国民经济各个领域,这些铅大部分以各种形式排放到环境中造成污染,工业废水、废渣、废气的排放已成为水体、土壤和大气中铅的主要污染源。
南京大学公开了一种新型螯合纳米纤维膜吸附材料的制备,以静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜,经化学修饰法制得新型偕胺肟基螯合纤维膜吸附材料PAN-AM,对重金属离子Cu2+、Cd2+进行吸附处理。一种具有共过滤-吸附作用的污水处理装置(202110331362.9),所述的污水处理组件是一种纳米材料膜与中空纤维膜或者管状膜共同构成具有共吸附-过滤作用和高效磷移除率的复合结构膜组。东华大学一种纳米纤维泡沫基油气捕集装置及其制备方法(201410756395.8),提供了一种用纳米纤维基泡沫材料制作的油气捕集组件。目前总体上来说,用纳米材料作为吸附组件的应用方法大致都为纳米纤维膜的制成及应用,将纳米颗粒吸附材料运用在吸附组件上的技术方法很少,或者仅以吸附层的方式呈现进行吸附去除。而纳米颗粒吸附材料的市场已经越来越大,传统方法技术不能将纳米吸附材料的吸附容量优势突出,并且回收难,纳米吸附材料耗量大,处理时间长,使纳米吸附材料的应用范围受到局限。
发明内容
针对现有的纳米吸附材料不能广泛应用于废水废气处理,以及吸附效率低、循环使用次数低、应用成本高等问题,本发明提供了一种磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件,该组件包括带夹层的壳体,壳体两端设置有进口和出口,多个磁场发生器对称设置在壳体的夹层中形成磁束缚区域,吸附磁性纳米马达放置在磁束缚区域内,在磁场中吸附磁性纳米马达悬浮分散并束缚在该区域中,含污染物的流体流过磁束缚区域,在磁场、吸附磁性纳米马达的共同作用下,实现流体净化。
所述磁场发生器为亥姆赫兹线圈,亥姆赫兹线圈为20~300匝,施加电压为0.6~360V。
所述吸附磁性纳米马达是将在常温下,将纳米Fe3O4、纳米FeCrCo、纳米PtCo、纳米MnAlC、纳米CuNiFe或纳米AlMnAg,采用等体积浸渍法用离子液体或改性剂溶液振荡反应处理30~600min制得,纳米材料均为常规市售产品。
离子液体为疏水性离子液体或亲水性离子液体,其中疏水性离子液体包括1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚胺盐[Bmim][Tf2N]、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷三氟甲磺酸盐、1-(2-羟基乙基)-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚胺盐[EmimOH][Tf2N]、1,3-二甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐[MMim]PF6、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑对甲基苯磺酸盐[BMIm]TsO;亲水性离子液体包括1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐[PMIm]Cl,四乙基氢氧化铵[N2,2,2,2]OH,1-胺丙基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐 [APMIm]NO3,1-丙基磺酸-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐 [PrSO3HMIm]HSO4,N-己基吡啶溴盐 [Hpy]Br,离子液体均为常规市售产品或按常规方法制得。
改性剂为硝酸铈、八水氧氯化锆、β环糊精、羟基铝盐,乙二胺、氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-硫氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷中一种。
含污染物的流体的流速为0.01~0.5m/s,流体流速不能使吸附磁性纳米马达脱离磁束缚区域。
所述磁束缚区域中磁场方向和流场方向垂直。
本发明方法的优点和技术效果:
本发明方法具有良好吸附效果,而且加大了污染物和吸附材料的接触面积,加大了污染物的利用效率;该组件能够多个串联使用,操作简单,材料便于更换,吸附磁性纳米马达在磁束缚区域中悬浮分散且被束缚在有限空间,当有流体(水、气)流经该有限空间时,流体中目标组份被纳米马达捕集过滤,而吸附磁性纳米马达不会随流体流走。
附图说明
图1为本发明磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件的结构示意图;
图2为磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件磁束缚区域的剖视示意图;
图中:1-磁场发生器,2-吸附磁性纳米马达,3-壳体,4-进口,5-出口。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的技术解决方案,但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:本实施例磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件及其在硫化氢毒气净化中的应用,待净化气体中硫化氢浓度为3.46mg/m3;
如图1、2所示,本磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件包括带夹层的壳体3,壳体外侧壁为环氧树脂中空圆柱体,壳体内侧壁为亚克力中空圆柱体,壳体两端设置有进口4和出口5,4个磁场发生器对称设置在壳体的夹层中形成磁束缚区域,磁场发生器为亥姆赫兹线圈,亥姆赫兹线圈为20匝,施加电压为360V;吸附磁性纳米马达放置在磁束缚区域内,在磁场中吸附磁性纳米马达悬浮分散并束缚在该区域中,其中吸附磁性纳米马达是在常温下,将纳米Fe3O4置于1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚胺盐([Bmim][Tf2N])中,采用等体积浸渍法,500rpm下振荡反应处理60min,过滤,固体60℃下干燥制得;
将含硫化氢的气体以0.1m/s流入壳体内并流过磁束缚区域,在磁场、吸附磁性纳米马达的共同作用下,实现流体净化;并于出口端检测气体中硫化氢浓度为0.05mg/m3,去除率为98.6%。
实施例2:本磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件及其在SO2、NOx、HF气体净化中的应用,待处理气体中SO2浓度为4.16mg/m3,NOx气体浓度为2.14mg/m3,HF气体浓度为3.54mg/m3。
本实施例中装置结构同实施例1,不同在于壳体外侧壁为聚氨酯中空圆柱体,壳体内侧壁为PVDF中空圆柱体;吸附磁性纳米马达是在常温下将纳米MnAlC(参照Zeng Q,Baker I, Cui J.B, et al. Structural and magnetic properties ofnanostructuredMn-Al-C magnetic materials. Journal of Magnetism and MagneticMaterials, 2007,308: 214~226中方法制得)置于亲水性离子液体1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐[PMIm]Cl中,采用等体积浸渍法,1000rpm下振荡反应处理30min,过滤,固体60℃下干燥制得;磁场发生器为亥姆赫兹线圈,亥姆赫兹线圈为300匝,施加电压为360V;
将待处理气体以0.5m/s通过入口4流入壳体内并流过磁束缚区域,在磁场、吸附磁性纳米马达的共同作用下,实现流体净化;并于出口端检测气体中SO2浓度为0.06mg/m3,NOx气体浓度为0.04mg/m3,HF气体浓度为0.03mg/m3。
实施例3:本磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件及其在重金属污染水体净化方面的应用,待处理废水中As浓度为3.46mg/m3,Cr浓度为5.31mg/m3。
本实施例中装置结构同实施例1,不同在于壳体外侧壁为丙烯酸树脂中空圆柱体,吸附磁性纳米马达是在常温下将纳米Pt-Co(参照吴帅. Pt-Co合金纳米催化剂制备及催化性能研究[D]. 昆明理工大学, 2017.中方法制得)置于质量浓度10%的β-环糊精溶液中,采用等体积浸渍法,800rpm下振荡反应处理40min,过滤,固体60℃下干燥制得;磁场发生器为亥姆赫兹线圈,亥姆赫兹线圈为100匝,施加电压为220V;
将待处理废水以0.3m/s通过入口4流入壳体内并流过磁束缚区域,在磁场、吸附磁性纳米马达的共同作用下,实现废水净化;并于出口端检测水体中As浓度为0.01mg/m3,Cr浓度为0.04mg/m3。
废水处理完成后,将2mol/L的NaOH溶液以0.1m/s流速通过入口4流入壳体内并流过磁束缚区域10h,在磁场束缚作用下,实现对吸附磁性纳米马达的解析再生;再以上述同样方法对待处理废水进行吸附处理,于出口端检测出水体中As浓度为0.02mg/m3和Cr浓度为0.03mg/m3。循环解析十次后,于出口端检测出水体中As浓度为0.05mg/m3和Cr浓度为0.07mg/m3,效果仍然良好。
Claims (6)
1.一种磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件,其特征在于:包括带夹层的壳体,壳体两端设置有进口和出口,多个磁场发生器对称设置在壳体的夹层中形成磁束缚区域,吸附磁性纳米马达放置在磁束缚区域内,在磁场中吸附磁性纳米马达悬浮分散并束缚在该区域中,含污染物的流体流过磁束缚区域,在磁场、吸附磁性纳米马达的共同作用下,实现流体净化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件,其特征在于:磁场发生器为亥姆赫兹线圈,亥姆赫兹线圈为20~300匝,施加电压为0.6~360V。
3.根据权利要求1所述的磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件,其特征在于:吸附磁性纳米马达是在常温下,将纳米Fe3O4、纳米FeCrCo、纳米PtCo、纳米MnAlC、纳米CuNiFe或纳米AlMnAg,采用等体积浸渍法用离子液体或改性剂溶液振荡反应处理30~60min,固体干燥制得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件,其特征在于:离子液体为疏水性离子液体或亲水性离子液体,其中疏水性离子液体包括1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚胺盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷三氟甲磺酸盐、1-(2-羟基乙基)-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚胺盐、1,3-二甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑对甲基苯磺酸盐;亲水性离子液体包括1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐、四乙基氢氧化铵、1-胺丙基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐、1-丙基磺酸-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、N-己基吡啶溴盐。
5.根据权利要求3所述的磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件,其特征在于:改性剂为硝酸铈、八水氧氯化锆、β环糊精、羟基铝盐,乙二胺、氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-异氰酸酯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-硫氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷中一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的磁控纳米马达过流吸附反应组件,其特征在于:含污染物的流体的流速为0.01~0.5m/s。
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