CN113771364A

CN113771364A - Additive manufacturing method of product

Info

Publication number: CN113771364A
Application number: CN202111097803.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鄢然; 李欣飞; 夏磊; 刘红林; 王志国
Original assignee: Chongqing University of Technology
Current assignee: Chongqing University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-09-18
Filing date: 2021-09-18
Publication date: 2021-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-18
Also published as: CN113771364B

Abstract

The invention discloses a product additive manufacturing method, wherein a product is manufactured by three-dimensional powder bonding 3D printing, and the method is characterized in that manufacturing requirement parts of different materials in a product to be printed are arranged along the vertical direction, and in the printing process, when the manufacturing requirement parts of the different materials are printed, different powder boxes are adopted to lay powder materials of different materials for printing, so that different parts of the product obtain different quality performances. The invention has the advantages of conveniently printing different materials in a product to obtain different performances at different parts of the product, along with simple structure, flexible and convenient control, capability of improving powder laying precision and convenience, and capability of improving printing efficiency and quality precision.

Description

Additive manufacturing method of product

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of rapid forming of product manufacturing, in particular to a material increase manufacturing method of a product.

Background

3D Printing belongs to one of rapid prototyping technologies, also called additive manufacturing; the method is a technology for constructing an object by stacking, bonding and molding materials such as plastic, metal, ceramic powder and the like layer by using a laser, a hot melting nozzle and the like on the basis of a digital model. In recent years, 3D printing technology has been widely used in many fields such as industrial design, jewelry, automobiles, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, and the like.

Currently, common 3D printers include a plurality of types, such as selective laser melting SLM, selective laser sintering SLS, three-dimensional powder bonding, fused deposition modeling FDM (fused deposition modeling), and the like. Wherein three-dimensional powder bonding printing is the 3DP process technology. The 3DP process is similar to the SLS process and uses powder materials for forming, such as ceramic powders, metal powders. Except that the material powders are not joined by sintering, but rather the cross-section of the part is "printed" on top of the material powders by means of a binder (e.g. silicone) through a spray head. Parts bonded with adhesives have low strength and require post-processing. The specific process comprises the following steps: after the last layer is bonded, the forming cylinder descends by a printing layer thickness distance, which is usually 0.013-0.1 mm, the powder supply cylinder pushes out a plurality of powders, and the powders are pushed into the forming cylinder by the powder paving roller to be paved. The spray heads selectively spray adhesive build faces according to the formation data for a next build section under computer control. And feeding, spreading and spraying the binder in cycles to finally finish the binding printing of the three-dimensional powder. The part which is not sprayed with the adhesive is dry powder which plays a supporting role in the forming process and is removed after the forming is finished.

As manufacturing advances, many products are made with different materials in different parts to achieve different properties. However, the mainstream 3D printers in the market can only adopt a single material to print objects basically, so that the 3D printers have great limitations and cannot print parts made of two or more materials at one time. The same drawback exists for the 3DP process.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a product additive manufacturing method which can enable a product to obtain different quality performances at different parts, has a simple structure and is flexible and convenient to control, and further enables the powder spreading precision and convenience to be improved, and the printing efficiency and quality precision to be improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the product additive manufacturing method is characterized in that manufacturing requirement parts of different materials in a product to be printed are arranged in the vertical direction, and in the printing process, when the manufacturing requirement parts of the different materials are printed, different powder boxes are adopted to lay powder materials of the different materials for printing, so that different parts of the product can obtain different quality performances.

Therefore, different parts of the product can be printed by different materials by the additive manufacturing method of the product, different quality performances are obtained, and the additive manufacturing method of the product can better meet the use requirements of different parts of the product. The performance and the quality of the product are improved.

As an optimization selection, the method is realized by adopting a multi-material 3D printer, the multi-material 3D printer comprises a rack, a horizontally arranged workbench is arranged at the upper end of the rack, an opening is formed in the middle of the workbench to form a printing area, a cylindrical forming cylinder is fixedly arranged in the printing area in a downward corresponding mode, a supporting plate is arranged on the inner wall of the forming cylinder in a matched mode and can slide up and down, a telescopic device with an upward telescopic end is arranged on the rack below the forming cylinder, and the upper end of the telescopic device is arranged below the supporting plate; still including setting up the confession powder device on the workstation, spreading powder device and printing device, spread powder device slidable and install on two shop powder guide rails, wherein, supply powder device to have two sets and install the both ends in printing the region, spread the powder guide rail and supply the relative direction setting between the powder device and distribute in the both sides in printing the region along two sets, and make when spreading powder device and moving shop powder guide rail both ends position can supply the powder device to link up with two sets respectively and realize spreading the powder, printing device is built on stilts to be installed and is makeed to spread the powder device and can pass through its below.

Like this, when above-mentioned printer used, can add the powder of different materials in the different confession powder devices, then when the product printed different positions, adopt different confession powder devices respectively to supply the powder to spread the powder device, correspond linking up, spread the powder and print by spreading the powder device. Different materials can be printed in one product, so that different parts of the product can respectively meet respective performance requirements. And the working table and the forming cylinder do not need to be moved during working, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control and low cost.

Furthermore, the frame is of a rectangular frame structure, the workbench is a rectangular workbench, and the two sets of powder supply devices are respectively arranged at two ends of the workbench in the length direction.

Thus, the arrangement is more convenient.

Further, the powder supply device comprises a powder box, a horizontal long-strip-shaped discharge port is formed in the lower portion of the powder box, the discharge port is located above the end portion of the printing area and is higher than the powder spreading device, and a quantitative discharging mechanism is arranged on the discharge port.

Like this, make things convenient for the powder supply device to print regional tip ejection of compact more to make spread the powder device and can cross the discharge gate position and spread the powder smoothly after making things convenient for the ejection of compact.

Further, quantitative discharge mechanism includes that a level sets up the measurement sleeve in discharge gate department, it links to each other to link up the measurement sleeve from top to bottom to link up the discharge gate, the coaxial measurement that is provided with in measurement sleeve inside axle center department changes the roller, the measurement changes and is provided with the rectangle blade along axial extension on the roller in week evenly distributed, rectangle blade length and measurement sleeve inner chamber length unanimous and outside surface and measurement sleeve inner chamber wall rotationally laminate the setting, the one end of measurement commentaries on classics roller is rotationally worn out the measurement sleeve tip and is linked to each other with a servo motor for the measurement.

Like this, can rely on for the measurement servo motor control measurement to change the roller and rotate, rotate fixed angle at every turn, can utilize the cavity between two blades to scrape the powder of fixed volume size and down the blanking, guarantee even ration and supply powder.

Furthermore, one end of the powder box is fixed on the side face of a vertically arranged powder box mounting plate, the lower end of the powder box mounting plate is fixed with the rack, and the servo motor for metering is fixed on the side face of the other side of the powder box mounting plate.

Thus, the powder supply device is convenient to mount and fix.

Further, spread the powder device and including transversely set up the shop powder roller and spread the powder roller support between two shop powder guide rails, shop powder roller support both ends slidable ground cooperation is on spreading the powder guide rail, spread the powder roller rotationally parallel mount and spread powder roller support below, spread powder guide rail tip and surpass and supply at least one shop powder roller width distance in powder device discharge gate position, spread powder roller one end and install and spread the powder roller motor drive connection of powder roller support tip, spread the powder device still including being used for driving and spread the powder roller support and spread the powder translation mechanism at shop powder guide rail gliding.

Like this, spread the powder device and drive and spread the powder roller support and slide to spread powder guide rail tip and cross the powder supply device discharge gate position after, the ejection of compact of control powder supply device, the powder that will set for the volume drops to printing on the region from the discharge gate, then drive through spreading the powder roller motor and spread the powder roller and rotate, drive through spreading powder translation mechanism simultaneously and spread the powder roller support and slide to the other end from spreading one section of powder guide rail, rely on spreading the powder roller and rotate and spread the powder and flatten and the compaction. Therefore, the method has the advantages of stable and reliable spreading, convenience and quickness.

Furthermore, the powder paving guide rail is a circular linear light rail, and two ends of the powder paving roller support are slidably matched on the circular linear light rail by virtue of the light rail sliding blocks arranged on the two ends of the powder paving roller support.

Thus, the smoothness of the sliding is better ensured.

Furthermore, the powder spreading translation mechanism comprises a powder spreading synchronous belt which is arranged in parallel outside the powder spreading guide rail, two ends of the powder spreading synchronous belt are sleeved on two powder spreading synchronous belt wheels, one of the powder spreading synchronous belt wheels is a driving wheel in transmission connection with a servo motor of the powder spreading synchronous belt, and the other powder spreading synchronous belt wheel is a tension wheel arranged on an elastic regulator of the powder spreading synchronous belt.

Therefore, the powder spreading roller is driven by the synchronous belt mechanism to spread powder in a translation manner, and the powder spreading device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control, convenience in adjustment and tension keeping, stability and reliability in movement and the like. The synchronous belt slack adjuster is mature in the prior art, and the specific structure is not detailed here.

Furthermore, the printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged outside the two powder spreading guide rails in parallel, an X-axis guide rail is transversely erected on the two Y-axis guide rails, two ends of the X-axis guide rail are slidably matched and arranged on the Y-axis guide rails, and the printing device also comprises a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide along the Y-axis guide rail; a nozzle fixing frame is slidably arranged on the X-axis guide rail, a nozzle for printing is arranged on the nozzle fixing frame, and an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the nozzle fixing frame to slide along the X-axis guide rail is also arranged on the X-axis guide rail; and at least one of the two Y-axis guide rails exceeds the corresponding powder paving guide rail by the width of at least one spray head fixing frame outside.

Like this, shop powder in-process, X axle motion control mechanism drives shower nozzle mount and shower nozzle and moves to the position that surpasss the powder guide rail outside to avoid interfering, conveniently spread the powder device and accomplish smoothly and spread the powder. After powder spreading is finished, the Y-axis motion control mechanism and the X-axis motion control mechanism are cooperatively used to control the movement of the spray nozzle fixing frame and the spray nozzles on the spray nozzle fixing frame in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, so that printing is realized. The structure of the printing nozzle comprises components such as an ink and adhesive connection supply box device, a hose and the like, and the specific structure is the prior art and is not detailed here.

Furthermore, the Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms the Y-axis guide rail, one end of the Y-axis guide rail is provided with a control motor of the Y-axis electric sliding table, and the end part of the X-axis guide rail is installed on the sliding table of the corresponding Y-axis electric sliding table.

Therefore, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control and reliable control precision.

Furthermore, the X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms the X-axis guide rail, one end of the X-axis guide rail is provided with a control motor of the X-axis electric sliding table, and the spray head fixing frame is installed on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table.

Furthermore, the telescopic device comprises a Z-axis electric cylinder vertically installed at the lower end of the middle of the rack, a polished rod part of the Z-axis electric cylinder is upwards supported and connected to the lower surface of the supporting plate, a fixing plate horizontally arranged is further arranged at the middle position of the Z-axis electric cylinder, the fixing plate is fixed relative to the rack and is used for the Z-axis electric cylinder to vertically pass through, the lower surface of the supporting plate is located around the Z-axis electric cylinder and is vertically connected downwards to be provided with an auxiliary supporting rod, and the auxiliary supporting rod is of a telescopic sleeve type structure and is fixed on the fixing plate after the outer sleeve penetrates downwards.

Therefore, the telescopic device can more stably and reliably control the lifting of the supporting plate, and the movement control in the Z-axis direction during printing is realized.

Furthermore, the two ends of the printing area on the workbench are provided with material leakage openings, and waste powder cylinders are arranged below the material leakage openings.

Therefore, redundant waste materials can be conveniently leaked into the waste powder cylinder from the material leakage opening.

When the printer is used, 3D printing of the colorful material can be executed according to the following flow steps.

The method comprises the following steps: and (3) using drawing and modeling software to complete model design of the part or the prototype, wherein the designed three-dimensional model has detailed contour position information, material type information and color information.

Step two: after the model is designed autonomously, the model is input into software specially used for slicing to complete slicing, and therefore geometric position information, material type information and color information of each layer of outline are obtained.

Step three: the obtained model slice layering information is converted into printing data which can be identified by a lower computer, the obtained information is sent to each part mechanism layer by layer, the positioning of each part is corrected, and an initialization signal is sent.

Step four: and the powder material is conveyed to a workbench through a powder supply device, and the thickness of each layer of powder is set in advance through the paving and compaction of a powder paving roller.

Step five: after powder spreading is finished, the lower computer control system controls a powder bed of the printing mechanism to spray the adhesive with corresponding colors on the workbench according to the contour information (the position information, the material information and the color information of each contour point) of each layer of the model, so that the bonding of the colorful two-dimensional contour surface is realized.

Step six: and after the spray printing of a layer of contour surface is finished, the powder bottom plate of the forming cylinder descends by a preset thickness, the fourth step and the fifth step are repeated, the layers are bonded layer by layer until all layers of the model are printed, and the designed multi (single) material color three-dimensional part is printed.

As another optimization option, the method can also be realized by adopting a multi-station 3D printer, wherein the multi-station 3D printer comprises a printing platform which is horizontally arranged, a plurality of printing stations are arranged on the printing platform, each printing station is fixedly provided with a set of printing device, and the multi-station 3D printer further comprises a forming cylinder device and a guide system, and the guide system is used for guiding the forming cylinder device to be in butt joint with the printing devices; the guide system is a guide system without a fixed guide rail, and the guide system without the fixed guide rail can generate a guide path as required.

Therefore, a fixed guide rail is omitted, and the guide rail is generated according to needs instead, so that the control is more flexible and convenient.

Furthermore, the guide system without fixed guide rails comprises a plurality of positioning points arranged on the surface of the printing platform, positioning guide members are arranged at the positions of the positioning points, and the positioning points are arranged in an array to form a two-dimensional guide point cloud array; the guiding system also comprises an automatic guiding vehicle, wherein a point cloud detection sensor capable of being inductively positioned with a positioning guiding component at each positioning point is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle, a universal wheel system is also arranged below the automatic guiding vehicle and is connected with a driving motor, and the driving motor can drive the universal wheel system to steer and run; the forming cylinder device is arranged on the automatic guided vehicle.

Therefore, when the printer is used, the positions of the positioning guide components on the positioning points can be detected by means of the point cloud detection sensor, the automatic guided vehicle is controlled to run and advance between different positioning points, and the running path is generated by means of two-dimensional guide point cloud array control planning, so that the forming cylinder device can run on the printing platform along with the automatic guided vehicle and complete butt joint between different printing devices, different materials can be printed at different positions in one product, and performance difference requirements of different positions are met. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of flexible and changeable control, better interference avoidance and realization of more printing sequence possibilities; the number of printing stations and automatic guided vehicles can be arranged according to actual production needs.

Further, the positioning guide member is an electromagnetic generator, and the point cloud detection sensor is a magnetic navigation sensor.

The electromagnetic generator can be controlled by a computer or other control device to open and close, and when in use, the electromagnetic generator passing by the path can be opened along a required traveling path, and the electromagnetic generators on the traveling path are connected in series to form the effect similar to the guiding magnetic strip. And simultaneously, other electromagnetic generators are closed, and the automatic guided vehicle is guided to run along the path by using the magnetic navigation sensor. Different driving paths can be generated better according to the requirements of the corresponding automatic guided vehicles, interference of other automatic guided vehicles can be avoided better, a plurality of printing stations can be arranged on the printing platform, a plurality of automatic guided vehicles are arranged, more automatic guided vehicles can work together on the same printing platform to participate in printing, and efficiency is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the running path shields the interference of other positioning points, and the reliability and the stability of the running path are greatly improved.

Further, the positioning guide member is buried under the upper surface of the printing platform.

Thus, the protection can be improved and the service life can be prolonged.

Furthermore, in each locating point, at least one wireless charging potential is further included, a wireless charging device is buried under the wireless charging potential, a wireless charging coil is correspondingly arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the automatic guided vehicle, the wireless charging coil is connected with a storage battery mounted on the automatic guided vehicle, and the storage battery is connected with the driving motor.

Therefore, automatic charging driving continuation of the automatic guided vehicle can be realized, and the moving sequence and the moving path of the automatic guided vehicle can be more conveniently controlled.

Further, at least part of the wireless charging position is positioned at a printing station on the printing platform.

Therefore, the automatic guided vehicle can be charged in the printing waiting time after driving into the printing station, and the charging process does not occupy the working time.

Furthermore, the automatic guided vehicle is also provided with a wireless communication control module, and the wireless communication control module is connected with the driving motor to realize control.

Therefore, the automatic guided vehicle is conveniently controlled to move forwards according to the planned path through wireless communication of a computer and other control devices at a remote place.

Furthermore, the automatic guided vehicle or the printing station is also provided with a positioning sensor, and the printing station or the automatic guided vehicle is also correspondingly provided with a positioning sensor detection component.

Therefore, when the automatic guided vehicle runs to a printing station, the automatic guided vehicle can be accurately positioned by means of the matching detection between the positioning sensor and the positioning sensor detection component, the forming cylinder device on the automatic guided vehicle and the printing device on the printing station can be accurately butted, and the printing quality is guaranteed.

Further, the positioning sensor preferably adopts a contact switch, and the positioning sensor detection member adopts a rigid member capable of being matched with the contact switch to realize contact detection.

Therefore, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience and quickness in implementation and reliability in use.

Furthermore, the two pairs of contact switches are respectively installed on contact switch installation frames arranged on two sides of the automatic guided vehicle upwards, and the positioning sensor detection component is a contact protrusion correspondingly formed on a pair of installation supports of the printing station.

Therefore, the automatic guided vehicle can be accurately positioned at the printing station.

Furthermore, the universal wheel system comprises four Mecanum wheels arranged at four corners below the automatic guided vehicle, and each Mecanum wheel is respectively connected with a corresponding driving motor.

Therefore, the driving motor drives the four Mecanum wheels to rotate at different rotating speeds, so that the automatic guided vehicle can move in different directions, and the steering running of the automatic guided vehicle can be better controlled.

Furthermore, the automatic guided vehicle comprises a horizontally arranged bottom plate, the Mecanum wheels and the corresponding driving motors are installed below the bottom plate, the forming cylinder device is installed above the middle part of the bottom plate, the point cloud detection sensor is installed below the bottom plate, the wireless charging coil is installed below the bottom plate, and the wireless communication control module is installed above the bottom plate.

In this way, the realization of the functions of the components is better facilitated.

Furthermore, the forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder which is fixedly arranged above the middle part of the automatic guided vehicle in an overhead mode, a circle of flanging which extends outwards horizontally is arranged at the upper end of the forming cylinder to form a printing plane, a bottom plate tray of the forming cylinder can be matched with the wall of an inner cavity of the forming cylinder in a vertically sliding mode, the forming cylinder device further comprises a lifting device which is arranged on the automatic guided vehicle below the forming cylinder, and a telescopic arm of the lifting device is upwards supported and connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate tray.

Therefore, after the lifting device upwards supports the bottom plate tray to the upper position of the inner cavity of the forming cylinder, powder spreading and printing are started, after each layer is printed, the lifting device retracts downwards for a distance of one layer, then powder spreading and printing are carried out in the inner cavity of the forming cylinder again, and the bottom plate tray descends layer by layer until printing is finished. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient control, stability and reliability.

Furthermore, four corners of the lower end of the forming cylinder are provided with downward supporting columns, and a supporting frame which is obliquely arranged outwards and downwards is further arranged below the peripheral flanging of the upper end of the forming cylinder.

In this way, the stability of the forming cylinder can be better ensured.

Furthermore, a waste accommodating groove is formed in the printing plane at the front end of the forming cylinder.

Therefore, waste materials generated in the process of paving can fall down, and paving is better assisted.

Further, the printing station is formed by installing a plurality of pairs of mounting brackets on one side of the printing platform at intervals in pairs, the mounting brackets are integrally in the shape of an inverted L-shaped support arm, the front end of the support arm horizontally extends forwards along the direction deviating from the edge of the printing platform, and the printing device is fixed on the mounting brackets.

Thus, the installation of the printing device is more convenient, and the butt joint of the forming cylinder device and the printing device is convenient.

Furthermore, the printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged on a support arm at the upper end of the mounting support along the length direction of the support arm, an X-axis guide rail is vertically erected between the two Y-axis guide rails along the horizontal direction, two ends of the X-axis guide rail are slidably matched on the Y-axis guide rails, a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide on the Y-axis guide rails is further arranged, a printing head support is slidably matched and arranged on the X-axis guide rail and provided with an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the printing head support to slide on the X-axis guide rails, and a printing nozzle is arranged on the printing head support; the printing device also comprises a powder supply mechanism arranged above the rear end of the mounting bracket and a powder paving mechanism.

Thus, the X-direction and Y-direction movement control of the printing nozzle is convenient to control.

Furthermore, the Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail on one side, the sliding table of the Y-axis electric sliding table is fixed with one end of the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail on the other side is a linear guide rail, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail is slidably clamped and matched on the linear guide rail.

Furthermore, the X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table, the guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, and a printing head support is arranged on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table.

Further, the powder supply mechanism comprises a powder box, a discharge port is arranged on the lower portion of the powder box, a quantitative discharge mechanism is arranged at the discharge port, a discharge shuttle groove extending towards the front lower side is connected to the lower portion of the quantitative discharge mechanism, and notches at the lower end of the discharge shuttle groove are horizontally arranged along the width direction between the two corresponding mounting brackets.

Therefore, the powder supply mechanism can quantitatively discharge and supply powder according to the required quantity of each spreading, and powder blanking can be conveniently carried out to enter the powder spreading mechanism.

Further, quantitative discharge mechanism includes that a level sets up the measurement sleeve in discharge gate department, it links to each other to link up the measurement sleeve from top to bottom to link up the discharge gate, the coaxial measurement that is provided with in measurement sleeve inside axle center department changes the roller, the measurement is changeed and is provided with along the rectangle blade of axial extension on the circumference surface of roller along circumference evenly distributed, rectangle blade length and the unanimous and outside surface of measurement sleeve inner chamber length and the setting of rotationally laminating of measurement sleeve inner chamber wall, the one end of measurement commentaries on classics roller is rotationally worn out the measurement sleeve tip and is linked to each other with a servo motor for the measurement.

Furthermore, the two ends of the powder box are fixed on the side face of the powder box mounting plate which is vertically arranged, the lower end of the powder box mounting plate is fixed with the mounting bracket, and the servo motor for metering is fixed on the side face of the other side of the powder box mounting plate.

Thus, the powder supply mechanism is convenient to mount and fix.

Further, spread powder mechanism includes a powder holding tank of arranging along the width direction level between two corresponding installing supports, powder holding tank both ends are unsettled to be fixed near both ends position below at the X axle guide rail through ascending connecting plate, the powder holding tank link up from top to bottom and set up and the rear end (with the adjacent one end of powder case) side on have the scraper of setting downwards, the scraper lower extreme has the horizontally cutting edge that is located and prints the plane height, the powder holding tank once can hold the powder that at least one deck printed the required shop powder, when the X axle guide rail slides to Y axle guide rail rear end, powder holding tank upper end can dock with ejection of compact shuttle groove lower extreme notch.

Like this, the powder holding tank slides to Y axle guide rail rear end along the X axle guide rail during shop's powder, and the powder falls into the powder holding tank from quantitative discharge mechanism ration ejection of compact and through ejection of compact shuttle groove in, then slides along the Y axle guide rail along the X axle guide rail, relies on the scraper to strickle off the powder that falls in the powder holding tank forward, realizes the stone. Adopt scraper stone more convenient and powder surfacing like this, the equal integrated installation of stone mechanism and printing shower nozzle is on X axle guide rail moreover, and the printing shower nozzle can be followed stone mechanism and realized printing immediately at the stone motion in-process, can realize moreover that the reciprocal in-process of stone respectively prints once, improves printing quality and efficiency.

Furthermore, the front side of the printing head bracket is downwards provided with a forward L-shaped front side nozzle mounting plate, and a horizontal part at the lower end of the front side nozzle mounting plate is structurally provided with a first printing nozzle.

Therefore, when the powder spreading device moves forwards along with the X-axis guide rail for spreading materials, the printing spray head can be controlled to firstly spray the adhesive in front of the X-axis guide rail once according to the outline of the layer of products, so that one-time preprinting is realized, powder is paved on the adhesive and is combined with the adhesive and is scraped by the scraper, and then the printing spray head is controlled to normally print once in the resetting process of the X-axis guide rail. Therefore, the printing is carried out twice by paving materials once, the forming strength of the product can be improved, and the printing thickness of each layer can be increased to improve the printing efficiency. Meanwhile, the whole structure is simpler, and the material spreading is convenient, fast and reliable.

As a better option, a nozzle vertical motion control mechanism for controlling the front nozzle mounting plate to vertically slide is further arranged on the printing head support.

Therefore, the height of the first printing nozzle can be adjusted up and down, so that the position of the printing nozzle can be adjusted to be adhered to the upper surface of powder for printing in two times of printing in one material spreading process, and the printing precision is improved better. Specifically, when the first printing nozzle moves forwards along with the X-axis guide rail and prints before material spreading, the position of the first printing nozzle can be adjusted downwards, so that the first printing nozzle is positioned at a position lower than the height of powder on one layer of the scraper, adhesive spraying printing is completed by adhering to the upper surface of the powder on the upper layer, and the contour precision of a printed product is better ensured. Then after the printing is finished, when the first printing spray head moves backwards along with the X-axis guide rail and resets, the first printing spray head is adjusted upwards to return to the position horizontal to the scraper to realize normal printing; and after the X-axis guide rail moves backwards and resets to the starting end, the layer of printing is finished, the baseplate tray in the forming cylinder falls for a layer of powder distance, and the first printing nozzle is controlled to move downwards for the same distance to perform the next layer of printing, so that the process is circulated until the printing is finished. Therefore, the appearance quality of the whole product can be better improved, the structure is simpler, and the implementation is facilitated.

Further, the vertical movement control mechanism of the sprayer comprises a vertical guide rail which is vertically and fixedly arranged on one side of the printing head support, one side of the upper end of the front-side sprayer mounting plate can be matched with the vertical guide rail in a sliding mode, a sprayer vertical movement control motor is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the vertical guide rail, the vertical movement control mechanism of the sprayer further comprises a screw rod which is arranged in parallel with the vertical guide rail at intervals, the sprayer vertical movement control motor is in transmission connection with the screw rod and can drive the screw rod to rotate, a nut is screwed on the screw rod in a threaded fit mode, and the nut is relatively fixed to the upper end of the front-side sprayer mounting plate.

Thus, the spray head vertical motion control motor rotates to drive the screw rod to rotate, the nut is limited by the vertical guide rail through the front side spray head mounting plate, and the front side spray head mounting plate is driven to realize vertical sliding control through the screw rod and nut transmission pair formed by the screw rod and the nut. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable control, stable motion and high control precision.

Alternatively, the front nozzle mounting plate is fixed on the side surface of the front end of the printing head bracket; the side face of the rear end of the printing head support is also provided with a rear side nozzle mounting plate which is backwards L-shaped, the horizontal part of the lower end of the rear side nozzle mounting plate is structurally provided with a second printing nozzle, and the printing head support is also provided with a nozzle vertical motion control mechanism used for controlling the rear side nozzle mounting plate to vertically slide.

Therefore, when the X-axis guide rail moves back to the rear end of the Y-axis guide rail for feeding, the spray head vertical movement control mechanism can control the second printing spray head to rise upwards to exceed the height of the discharge shuttle groove so as to avoid interference. Then when normally printing, control the second and print the shower nozzle and drop back to the printing position downwards for two of relying on this structure print the shower nozzle and can realize twice at least printing in the in-process that the spreading mechanism moved the spreading forward along with X axle guide rail and come and go. For example, when normally printing, first printing shower nozzle and second print the shower nozzle and can set up the home position and be located and the scraper is the same high horizontal plane, when the stone device is the spreading forward, realize printing for the first time to this layer of powder by the second printing shower nozzle in rear, accomplish the in-process that returns and reseed to this layer of powder stone at the stone device, realize printing the second time to this layer of powder by the first printing shower nozzle in the place ahead, so twice printing of a stone can improve product quality and efficiency better, wherein the product profile of printing for the second time can also be taken the regional scope between the product profile of twice stone around twice, improve the appearance profile linking effect between twice stone better, improve the product precision better. Meanwhile, as different printing nozzles are adopted in the two times of printing, the binders adjusted in different proportions can be adopted, so that the performances of the binders are more targeted, for example, the binders with normal 3D printing effect are adopted in the first time of printing, and the binders capable of better improving the combination effect between the printed powder layer and the powder layer to be paved are adopted in the second time of printing, so that the final printing effect can be better improved, and the product quality is improved. In addition, for some special products, for example, for products with consistent width in the front-back direction, the device can even realize the special effect of printing four times in the process of spreading materials back and forth once, and the product quality and the production efficiency are better improved.

Further, the vertical movement control mechanism of the spray head comprises a vertical guide rail which is vertically and fixedly arranged on the support of the printing head, one side of the upper end of the rear spray head mounting plate is slidably matched on the vertical guide rail, a spray head vertical movement control motor is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the vertical guide rail, the vertical movement control mechanism of the spray head further comprises a screw rod which is arranged in parallel with the vertical guide rail at intervals, the spray head vertical movement control motor is in transmission connection with the screw rod and can drive the screw rod to rotate, a nut is screwed on the screw rod in a threaded fit mode, and the nut is relatively fixed at the upper end of the rear spray head mounting plate.

Thus, the spray head vertical motion control motor rotates to drive the screw rod to rotate, the nut is limited by the vertical guide rail through the front spray head mounting plate, and the rear spray head mounting plate is driven to realize vertical sliding control through the screw rod and nut transmission pair formed by the screw rod and the nut. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable control, stable movement and high control precision.

In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of conveniently realizing printing different materials in one product so as to obtain different performances at different parts of the product, along with simple structure, flexible and convenient control, capability of improving powder laying precision and convenience, and capability of improving printing efficiency and quality precision.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-station 3D printer according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the single printing platform in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the individual printing apparatus of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the separate powder supply mechanism in fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a side sectional view of fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the powder spreading mechanism in fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a side sectional view of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a front view of the single acting guide carriage of fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a printing device in a second multi-station 3D printer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-material 3D printer used in a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a portion of the separate powder supplying apparatus of fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a part of the separate powder laying device in fig. 12.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the portion of the printing apparatus alone of fig. 12.

Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the single telescopic device part in fig. 12.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

The first embodiment: the product additive manufacturing method is characterized in that manufacturing requirement parts of different materials in a product to be printed are arranged in the vertical direction, and in the printing process, when the manufacturing requirement parts of the different materials are printed, different powder boxes are adopted to lay powder materials of the different materials for printing, so that different parts of the product can obtain different quality performances.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the multi-station 3D printer shown in fig. 1 to 10 is adopted for implementation, and the multi-station 3D printer includes a printing platform 1 horizontally arranged, a plurality of printing stations are arranged on the printing platform, each printing station is fixedly provided with a set of printing device, and further includes a forming cylinder device and a guiding system, and the guiding system is used for guiding the forming cylinder device to be in butt joint with the printing device; the guide system is characterized by being a guide system without a fixed guide rail, and the guide system without the fixed guide rail can generate a guide path as required.

The guide system without the fixed guide rail comprises a plurality of positioning points 2 arranged on the surface of a printing platform, positioning guide members are arranged at the positions of the positioning points 2, and the positioning points are arranged in an array to form a two-dimensional guide point cloud array; the guiding system also comprises an automatic guiding vehicle 3, a point cloud detection sensor 4 which can be inductively positioned with a positioning guiding component at each positioning point is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle 3, a universal wheel system is also arranged below the automatic guiding vehicle 3 and is connected with a driving motor 5, and the driving motor 5 can drive the universal wheel system to steer and run; the forming cylinder device is mounted on a automated guided vehicle 3.

Therefore, when the equipment is used, the positions of the positioning guide components on each positioning point can be detected by the point cloud detection sensor, the automatic guided vehicle is controlled to run and move forwards between different positioning points, and the running path is generated by the control and planning of the two-dimensional guide point cloud array, so that the forming cylinder device can travel on the printing platform along with the automatic guided vehicle and complete the butt joint between different printing devices, different materials can be printed at different positions in one product, and the performance difference requirements of different positions are met. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of flexible and changeable control, better interference avoidance and realization of more printing sequence possibilities; the number of printing stations and automatic guided vehicles can be arranged according to actual production needs.

Wherein the positioning guide member is an electromagnetic generator, and the point cloud detection sensor 4 is a magnetic navigation sensor.

Wherein the positioning guide member is buried under the upper surface of the printing platform 1.

Thus, the protection can be improved and the service life can be prolonged.

The automatic guided vehicle is characterized by further comprising at least one wireless charging position 6 in each positioning point, a wireless charging device is buried below the wireless charging position 6, a wireless charging coil 7 is correspondingly arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the automatic guided vehicle, the wireless charging coil 7 is connected with a storage battery mounted on the automatic guided vehicle, and the storage battery is connected with the driving motor 5.

Wherein at least part of the wireless charging potential 6 is positioned at a printing station on the printing platform.

Wherein, still be provided with wireless communication control module 8 on the automated guided vehicle, wireless communication control module 8 and driving motor link to each other and realize control.

The automatic guided vehicle or the printing station is further provided with a positioning sensor 9, and the printing station or the automatic guided vehicle is further correspondingly provided with a positioning sensor detection component (not shown in the figure). In practice, the registration sensor detection member is mounted in the registration sensor detection member mounting hole 10 in the mounting bracket 20 of the print station.

Preferably, the positioning sensor 9 is a contact switch, and the positioning sensor detection member is a rigid member capable of being matched with the contact switch to realize contact detection.

The two pairs of contact switches are respectively installed on the contact switch installation frames 11 which are arranged on the two sides of the automatic guided vehicle upwards, and the positioning sensor detection components are protrusions for contact which are correspondingly formed on the pair of installation supports 20 of the printing station.

The universal wheel system comprises four Mecanum wheels 12 arranged at four corners below the automatic guided vehicle, and each Mecanum wheel 12 is connected with a corresponding driving motor 5.

Therefore, the driving motor drives the four Mecanum wheels to rotate at different rotating speeds, so that the automatic guided vehicle can move in different directions, and the steering running of the automatic guided vehicle can be better controlled. The mecanum wheel is a mature existing product, and the specific structure is not detailed here.

The automatic guided vehicle 3 comprises a horizontally arranged bottom plate, the mecanum wheels 12 and the corresponding driving motors 5 are installed below the bottom plate, the forming cylinder device is installed above the middle of the bottom plate, the point cloud detection sensor 4 is installed below the bottom plate, the wireless charging coils 7 are installed below the bottom plate, and the wireless communication control module 8 is installed above the bottom plate.

The forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder 13 which is fixedly arranged above the middle part of the automatic guided vehicle in an overhead mode, a circle of flanging which extends outwards horizontally is arranged at the upper end of the forming cylinder to form a printing plane 14, a bottom plate tray 15 of the forming cylinder can be matched with the inner cavity wall of the forming cylinder in a vertically sliding mode, the forming cylinder device further comprises a lifting device 16 which is arranged on the automatic guided vehicle below the forming cylinder, and a telescopic arm of the lifting device 16 is upwards supported and connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate tray.

Wherein, the four corners of the lower end of the forming cylinder are provided with downward supporting columns 17, and the lower position of the peripheral flanging of the upper end of the forming cylinder is also provided with a supporting frame 18 which is obliquely arranged outwards and downwards.

In this way, the stability of the forming cylinder can be better ensured.

Wherein, a waste material accommodating groove 19 is also arranged on the printing plane at the front end of the forming cylinder.

Wherein, the printing station is formed by installing a plurality of pairs of installing support 20 in printing platform one side at the interval in pairs, and installing support 20 wholly is the support arm form of falling L shape, and the support arm front end sets up along deviating from printing platform edge direction level forward extension, and printing device fixes on installing support 20.

The printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails 21 arranged on a support arm at the upper end of a mounting support along the length direction of the support arm, an X-axis guide rail 22 is vertically erected between the two Y-axis guide rails 21 along the horizontal direction, two ends of the X-axis guide rail 22 are slidably matched on the Y-axis guide rails 21, a Y-axis motion control mechanism used for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide on the Y-axis guide rails is further arranged, a printing head support 23 is slidably matched and arranged on the X-axis guide rail and provided with an X-axis motion control mechanism used for controlling the printing head support 23 to slide on the X-axis guide rail, and a printing nozzle is arranged on the printing head support (only a printing nozzle mounting hole is shown in the figure); the printing device also comprises a powder supply mechanism arranged above the rear end of the mounting bracket and a powder paving mechanism.

The Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail 24 of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail on one side, a sliding table 25 of the Y-axis electric sliding table is fixed with one end of an X-axis guide rail 22, the Y-axis guide rail on the other side is a linear guide rail 26, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail 22 is slidably clamped and matched on the linear guide rail 26.

Wherein, X axle motion control mechanism is the electronic slip table of X axle, and the guide rail 27 of the electronic slip table of X axle forms the X axle guide rail, and the installation is beaten printer head support 23 on the slip table of the electronic slip table of X axle. The adopted electric sliding table is an existing product, comprises a motor, a guide rail, a sliding table and other components, and is driven by the motor to translate along the guide rail in a transmission mode of a screw nut pair, and the specific structure is not detailed here.

Wherein, supply powder mechanism to include a powder case 30, and powder case 30 lower part is provided with the discharge gate, and discharge gate department is provided with quantitative discharge mechanism, and quantitative discharge mechanism below is connected with a ejection of compact shuttle groove 31 that extends to the below, and ejection of compact shuttle groove 31 lower extreme notch is along two width direction horizontal arrangements that correspond between the installing support.

Wherein, quantitative discharge mechanism includes that a level sets up the measurement sleeve in discharge gate department, the discharge gate link to each other from top to bottom through the measurement sleeve 32, the coaxial measurement that is provided with in measurement sleeve inside axle center department changes roller 33, it is provided with along axial extension's rectangle blade to measure to change on the surface of roller 33's circumference evenly distributed along circumference, rectangle blade length and the unanimous and outside surface of measurement sleeve inner chamber length rotationally laminate the setting with measurement sleeve inner chamber wall, the one end of measuring commentaries on classics roller 33 rotationally wears out the measurement sleeve tip and links to each other with a servo motor 34 for the measurement.

Wherein, the both ends of powder case 30 are fixed on the powder case mounting panel 35 side of vertical setting, and powder case mounting panel 35 lower extreme and installing support are fixed, and servo motor 34 for the measurement is fixed on powder case mounting panel opposite side.

Thus, the powder supply mechanism is convenient to mount and fix.

Wherein, shop's powder mechanism includes one and follows the powder holding tank 36 that two width direction levels between the corresponding installing support arranged, powder holding tank 36 both ends are close to both ends position below through ascending connecting plate 37 unsettled the fixing in X axle guide rail, the powder holding tank link up from top to bottom and set up and have the scraper 38 of downward setting on the rear end (the one end adjacent with the powder case) side, scraper 38 lower extreme has the horizontally cutting edge that is located and prints the plane height, the powder holding tank once can hold the powder that at least one deck required shop powder was printed, when X axle guide rail slides to Y axle guide rail rear end, powder holding tank upper end can dock with ejection of compact shuttle groove lower extreme notch.

Wherein, the front side of the print head bracket is connected with a front side nozzle mounting plate 40 in a forward L shape in a downward mounting manner, and a horizontal part structure at the lower end of the front side nozzle mounting plate 40 is provided with a first print head (only the nozzle mounting hole is shown in the figure).

In this embodiment, the front nozzle mounting plate 40 is fixed to the front end side surface of the head support 23; a rear side nozzle mounting plate 41 in a backward L shape is further installed on the rear end side face of the printing head support 23, a second printing nozzle (only a printing nozzle mounting hole is shown in the figure) is structurally installed on the horizontal portion of the lower end of the rear side nozzle mounting plate 41, and a nozzle vertical movement control mechanism for controlling the rear side nozzle mounting plate to vertically slide is further arranged on the printing head support 23.

The nozzle vertical motion control mechanism comprises a vertical guide rail 42 which is vertically and fixedly arranged on a printing head support, one side of the upper end of a rear nozzle mounting plate 41 is slidably matched on the vertical guide rail 42, a nozzle vertical motion control motor 43 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the vertical guide rail 42, the nozzle vertical motion control mechanism further comprises a screw 44 which is arranged in parallel with the vertical guide rail at intervals, the nozzle vertical motion control motor is in transmission connection with the screw and can drive the screw to rotate, a nut 45 is screwed on the screw 44 in threaded fit, and the nut is relatively fixed at the upper end of the rear nozzle mounting plate.

In addition, a computer-aided control system needs to be installed during implementation, and the control system divides slice data of each printing layer by horizontally slicing the imported three-dimensional CAD model and then sends the slice data to a 3D printer for printing, which is a mature prior art and therefore will not be described in detail here.

A second embodiment.

This embodiment is compared with the first embodiment. Only in the multistation 3D printer that adopts printing device's beat printer head mounting structure and to have a difference, do not set up the second on the rear side shower nozzle mounting panel and print the shower nozzle in this embodiment, but set up the front side shower nozzle mounting panel vertically slidable, the remaining part structure all is the same with first embodiment.

Specifically. Referring to fig. 11, in the present embodiment, a head vertical movement control mechanism for controlling the front side head mounting plate 40 to slide vertically is further provided on the head carriage 23.

The nozzle vertical motion control mechanism comprises a vertical guide rail 41 which is vertically and fixedly arranged on one side of the printing head support 23, one side of the upper end of the front nozzle mounting plate 40 is slidably matched on the vertical guide rail 41, a nozzle vertical motion control motor 42 is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the vertical guide rail 41, the nozzle vertical motion control mechanism further comprises a screw 43 which is arranged in parallel with the vertical guide rail at intervals, the nozzle vertical motion control motor 42 is in transmission connection with the screw 43 and can drive the screw to rotate, a nut 44 is screwed on the screw in a threaded fit mode, and the nut 44 is relatively fixed on the upper end of the front nozzle mounting plate 40.

A third embodiment.

Specifically, the multi-material 3D printer shown in fig. 12 to 17 is adopted in this embodiment, and the multi-material 3D printer includes a frame 1, a horizontally disposed workbench 6 is provided at an upper end of the frame, a printing area is formed by an opening at a middle position of the workbench, a cylindrical forming cylinder 7 is correspondingly and fixedly provided downwards in the printing area, a supporting plate 8-1 is provided on an inner wall of the forming cylinder 7 in a vertically slidable manner, a telescopic device 8 with an upward telescopic end is installed on the frame below the forming cylinder, and an upper end of the telescopic device 8 is installed below the supporting plate; still including setting up the confession powder device 3 on the workstation, shop's powder device 4 and printing device 5, shop's powder device 4 slidable install on two shop's powder guide rails, wherein, confession powder device has two sets and installs the both ends in printing the region, shop's powder guide rail sets up and distributes in the both sides in printing the region along two sets of relative direction that supply between the powder device, and can link up with two sets of confession powder devices respectively when making shop's powder device move shop's powder guide rail both ends position and realize shop's powder, the overhead installation of printing device makes shop's powder device enough pass through its below.

Like this, when this printer used, can add the powder of different materials in the different confession powder devices, then when the product printed different positions, adopt different confession powder devices respectively to supply the powder to spread the powder device, correspond linking up, spread the powder and print by spreading the powder device. Different materials can be printed in one product, so that different parts of the product can respectively meet respective performance requirements. And the working table and the forming cylinder do not need to be moved during working, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control and low cost.

The machine frame 1 is of a rectangular frame structure, the workbench is a rectangular workbench, and the two powder supply devices are respectively arranged at two ends of the workbench in the length direction.

Thus, the arrangement is more convenient.

The powder supply device 3 comprises a powder box 3-1, a horizontal strip-shaped discharge port is formed in the lower portion of the powder box, the discharge port is located above the end portion of the printing area and is higher than the powder spreading device, and a quantitative discharge mechanism is arranged on the discharge port.

The quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve 3-4 horizontally arranged at a discharging port, the discharging port is communicated with the metering sleeve up and down, a metering rotating roller 3-5 is coaxially arranged at the axis inside the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the metering rotating roller in the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with that of an inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotatably attached to the inner cavity wall of the metering sleeve, and one end of each metering rotating roller rotatably penetrates out of the end part of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor 3-3.

One end of the powder box 3-1 is fixed on the side face of a powder box mounting plate 3-2 which is vertically arranged, the lower end of the powder box mounting plate is fixed with the rack, and the servo motor for metering is fixed on the side face of the other side of the powder box mounting plate.

Thus, the powder supply device is convenient to mount and fix.

The powder spreading device 4 comprises powder spreading rollers 4-7 and powder spreading roller supports 4-5 which are transversely erected between two powder spreading guide rails 4-6, the two ends of each powder spreading roller support are slidably matched on the powder spreading guide rails, the powder spreading rollers are rotatably and parallelly mounted below the powder spreading roller supports, the end parts of the powder spreading guide rails exceed the width distance of at least one powder spreading roller at the discharge port of the powder supply device, one ends of the powder spreading rollers are in transmission connection with powder spreading roller motors 4-3 mounted at the end parts of the powder spreading roller supports, and the powder spreading device further comprises a powder spreading translation mechanism which is used for driving the powder spreading roller supports to slide on the powder spreading guide rails. The powder spreading roller motor 4-3 is arranged on the powder spreading roller motor bracket 4-4. When the powder spreading guide rail fixing part is used, the end part of the powder spreading guide rail 4-6 is provided with the guide rail fixing part 4-8.

The powder paving guide rail is a circular linear light rail, and two ends of the powder paving roller support are slidably matched on the circular linear light rail by virtue of light rail sliding blocks arranged.

Thus, the smoothness of the sliding is better ensured.

The powder spreading translation mechanism comprises a powder spreading synchronous belt 4-9 which is arranged on the outer side of the powder spreading guide rail in parallel, two ends of the powder spreading synchronous belt are sleeved on two powder spreading synchronous belt wheels, one powder spreading synchronous belt wheel is a driving wheel in transmission connection with a servo motor 4-1 of the powder spreading synchronous belt, and the other powder spreading synchronous belt wheel is a tension wheel arranged on a tightness regulator 4-10 of the powder spreading synchronous belt. In fig. 4, reference numeral 4-2 denotes a powder spreading decelerator connected between a servo motor 4-1 of a powder spreading timing belt and a driving wheel.

The printing device 5 comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged on the outer sides of the two powder spreading guide rails in parallel, an X-axis guide rail is transversely erected on the two Y-axis guide rails, two ends of the X-axis guide rail are slidably matched and arranged on the Y-axis guide rails, and the printing device also comprises a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide along the Y-axis guide rail; a nozzle fixing frame 5-3 is slidably arranged on the X-axis guide rail, a nozzle 5-4 for printing is arranged on the nozzle fixing frame, and an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the nozzle fixing frame to slide along the X-axis guide rail is also arranged on the X-axis guide rail; and at least one of the two Y-axis guide rails exceeds the corresponding powder paving guide rail by the width of at least one spray head fixing frame outside.

The Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table 5-1, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail, one end of the Y-axis guide rail is provided with a control motor of the Y-axis electric sliding table, and the end part of the X-axis guide rail is installed on the corresponding sliding table of the Y-axis electric sliding table.

Therefore, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control and reliable control precision. In implementation, the guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table 5-1 forms one of the Y-axis guide rails, the other Y-axis guide rail is obtained by adopting a V-shaped guide rail, and the end part of the other end of the X-axis guide rail is arranged on the V-shaped guide rail through a V-shaped guide rail sliding block 5-5.

The X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table 5-2, a guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, one end of the X-axis guide rail is provided with a control motor of the X-axis electric sliding table, and the spray nozzle fixing frame is installed on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table.

The telescopic device comprises a Z-axis electric cylinder 8-5 vertically installed at the lower end of the middle of the rack, a polished rod part of the Z-axis electric cylinder is upwards supported and connected to the lower surface of a supporting plate 8-1, a horizontally arranged fixing plate 8-4 is further arranged in the middle of the Z-axis electric cylinder, the fixing plate is fixed relative to the rack and is used for the Z-axis electric cylinder to vertically pass through, the lower surface of the supporting plate is located on the periphery of the Z-axis electric cylinder and is vertically downwards connected with an auxiliary supporting rod 8-3, the auxiliary supporting rod is of a telescopic sleeve type structure, and an outer sleeve pipe downwards passes through and is fixed on the fixing plate.

Therefore, the telescopic device can more stably and reliably control the lifting of the supporting plate, and the movement control in the Z-axis direction during printing is realized. In practice, the fixing plate 8-4 is fixed on the frame through a vertical supporting plate 8-2. The Z-axis electric cylinder 8-5 is arranged on the frame through a Z-axis electric cylinder mounting seat 8-6.

Wherein, the workstation is located the both ends position of printing the region and still is provided with the small opening, and small opening below is provided with useless powder jar 2.

When the multi-material 3D printer is used, 3D printing of the multicolor material can be performed according to the following process steps.

Claims

1. The product additive manufacturing method is characterized in that manufacturing requirement parts of different materials in a product to be printed are arranged in the vertical direction, and in the printing process, when the manufacturing requirement parts of the different materials are printed, different powder boxes are adopted to lay powder materials of the different materials for printing, so that different parts of the product can obtain different quality performances.

2. The product additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the method is implemented by using a multi-material 3D printer, the multi-material 3D printer comprises a frame, a horizontally arranged workbench is arranged at the upper end of the frame, a printing area is formed by an opening at the middle position of the workbench, a cylindrical forming cylinder is correspondingly and fixedly arranged downwards in the printing area, a supporting plate is arranged on the inner wall of the forming cylinder in a matched and downward sliding mode, a telescopic device with an upward telescopic end is arranged on the frame below the forming cylinder, and the upper end of the telescopic device is arranged below the supporting plate; still including setting up the confession powder device on the workstation, spreading powder device and printing device, spread powder device slidable and install on two shop powder guide rails, wherein, supply powder device to have two sets and install the both ends in printing the region, spread the powder guide rail and supply the relative direction setting between the powder device and distribute in the both sides in printing the region along two sets, and make when spreading powder device and moving shop powder guide rail both ends position can supply the powder device to link up with two sets respectively and realize spreading the powder, printing device is built on stilts to be installed and is makeed to spread the powder device and can pass through its below.

3. The additive manufacturing method of a product according to claim 2, wherein the frame is a rectangular frame structure, the workbench is a rectangular workbench, and the two sets of powder supply devices are respectively installed at two ends of the workbench in the length direction;

the powder supply device comprises a powder box, the lower part of the powder box is provided with a horizontal strip-shaped discharge hole, the discharge hole is positioned above the end part of the printing area and is higher than the powder spreading device, and a quantitative discharge mechanism is arranged on the discharge hole;

the quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve horizontally arranged at a discharging port, the discharging port is connected with the metering sleeve in a vertically penetrating manner, a metering rotating roller is coaxially arranged at the axis inside the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the metering rotating roller in the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with that of an inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotatably attached to the inner cavity wall of the metering sleeve, and one end of each metering rotating roller rotatably penetrates through the end part of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor;

the powder spreading device comprises a powder spreading roller and a powder spreading roller bracket which are transversely erected between two powder spreading guide rails, two ends of the powder spreading roller bracket are slidably matched on the powder spreading guide rails, the powder spreading rollers are rotatably and parallelly arranged below the powder spreading roller bracket, the end part of each powder spreading guide rail exceeds the position of a discharge port of the powder supply device by at least one powder spreading roller width distance, one end of each powder spreading roller is in transmission connection with a powder spreading roller motor arranged at the end part of the powder spreading roller bracket, and the powder spreading device also comprises a powder spreading translation mechanism for driving the powder spreading roller bracket to slide on the powder spreading guide rails;

the powder paving guide rail is a circular linear light rail, and two ends of the powder paving roller bracket are slidably matched on the circular linear light rail by virtue of light rail sliding blocks;

the powder spreading translation mechanism comprises a powder spreading synchronous belt which is arranged outside the powder spreading guide rail in parallel, two ends of the powder spreading synchronous belt are sleeved on two powder spreading synchronous belt wheels, one of the powder spreading synchronous belt wheels is a driving wheel in transmission connection with a servo motor of the powder spreading synchronous belt, and the other powder spreading synchronous belt wheel is a tension wheel arranged on a tightness regulator of the powder spreading synchronous belt.

4. The product additive manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged outside the two powder spreading guide rails in parallel, an X-axis guide rail is transversely arranged on the two Y-axis guide rails, two ends of the X-axis guide rail are slidably matched and arranged on the Y-axis guide rails, and the product additive manufacturing device further comprises a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide along the Y-axis guide rails; a nozzle fixing frame is slidably arranged on the X-axis guide rail, a nozzle for printing is arranged on the nozzle fixing frame, and an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the nozzle fixing frame to slide along the X-axis guide rail is also arranged on the X-axis guide rail; at least one of the two Y-axis guide rails exceeds the corresponding powder paving guide rail by the width of at least one spray head fixing frame;

the Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail, one end of the Y-axis guide rail is provided with a control motor of the Y-axis electric sliding table, and the end part of the X-axis guide rail is arranged on the corresponding sliding table of the Y-axis electric sliding table;

the X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, one end of the X-axis guide rail is provided with a control motor of the X-axis electric sliding table, and the spray nozzle fixing frame is arranged on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table;

the telescopic device comprises a Z-axis electric cylinder vertically installed at the lower end of the middle of the rack, a polished rod part of the Z-axis electric cylinder is upwards supported and connected to the lower surface of the supporting plate, a fixing plate horizontally arranged is further arranged at the middle position of the Z-axis electric cylinder, the fixing plate is fixed relative to the rack and is used for the Z-axis electric cylinder to vertically pass through, the lower surface of the supporting plate is located on the periphery of the Z-axis electric cylinder and is vertically connected downwards to be provided with an auxiliary supporting rod, and the auxiliary supporting rod is of a telescopic sleeve type structure and is fixed on the fixing plate after an outer sleeve pipe penetrates downwards.

5. The product additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the method is implemented by using a multi-station 3D printer, the multi-station 3D printer comprises a horizontally arranged printing platform, a plurality of printing stations are arranged on the printing platform, each printing station is fixedly provided with a set of printing device, and the multi-station 3D printer further comprises a forming cylinder device and a guide system, and the guide system is used for guiding the forming cylinder device to be in butt joint with the printing devices; the guide system is a guide system without a fixed guide rail, and the guide system without the fixed guide rail can generate a guide path as required;

the guide system without the fixed guide rail comprises a plurality of positioning points arranged on the surface of the printing platform, positioning guide members are arranged at the positions of the positioning points, and the positioning points are arranged in an array to form a two-dimensional guide point cloud array; the guiding system also comprises an automatic guiding vehicle, wherein a point cloud detection sensor capable of being inductively positioned with a positioning guiding component at each positioning point is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle, a universal wheel system is also arranged below the automatic guiding vehicle and is connected with a driving motor, and the driving motor can drive the universal wheel system to steer and run; the forming cylinder device is arranged on the automatic guided vehicle.

6. The product additive manufacturing method of claim 5, wherein the positioning guide member is an electromagnetic generator, the point cloud detection sensor is a magnetic navigation sensor;

the positioning guide component is embedded below the upper surface of the printing platform;

the positioning points also comprise at least one wireless charging position, a wireless charging device is embedded below the wireless charging position, a wireless charging coil is correspondingly arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the automatic guided vehicle, the wireless charging coil is connected with a storage battery arranged on the automatic guided vehicle, and the storage battery is connected with the driving motor;

at least part of the wireless charging position is positioned at a printing station on the printing platform;

the automatic guided vehicle is also provided with a wireless communication control module which is connected with the driving motor and realizes control;

the automatic guided vehicle or the printing station is also provided with a positioning sensor, and the printing station or the automatic guided vehicle is also correspondingly provided with a positioning sensor detection component; the positioning sensor preferably adopts a contact switch, and the detection component of the positioning sensor adopts a rigid component which can be matched with the contact switch to realize contact detection;

the universal wheel system comprises four Mecanum wheels arranged at four corners below the automatic guided vehicle, and each Mecanum wheel is connected with a corresponding driving motor;

the automatic guided vehicle comprises a horizontally arranged bottom plate, wherein Mecanum wheels and corresponding driving motors are arranged below the bottom plate, a forming cylinder device is arranged above the middle part of the bottom plate, a point cloud detection sensor is arranged below the bottom plate, a wireless charging coil is arranged below the bottom plate, and a wireless communication control module is arranged above the bottom plate.

7. The product additive manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein the forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder which is fixedly mounted on the automatic guided vehicle in an overhead manner at a position above the middle part of the automatic guided vehicle, the upper end of the forming cylinder is provided with a turn-up edge which extends horizontally outwards to form a printing plane, a bottom plate tray of the forming cylinder is matched on the inner cavity wall of the forming cylinder in a vertically sliding manner, the forming cylinder device further comprises a lifting device which is mounted on the automatic guided vehicle below the forming cylinder, and a telescopic arm of the lifting device is upwards supported and connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate tray;

four corners of the lower end of the forming cylinder are provided with downward supporting columns, and a supporting frame which is obliquely arranged outwards and downwards is also arranged below the peripheral flanging of the upper end of the forming cylinder;

the printing plane of the front end of the forming cylinder is also provided with a waste accommodating groove.

8. The product additive manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the printing station is formed by a plurality of pairs of mounting brackets mounted on one side of the printing platform in spaced pairs, the mounting brackets are integrally in the form of inverted L-shaped arms, front ends of the arms extend horizontally forward in a direction away from the edge of the printing platform, and the printing device is fixed to the mounting brackets;

the printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged on a support arm at the upper end of an installation support along the length direction of the support arm, an X-axis guide rail is vertically erected between the two Y-axis guide rails along the horizontal direction, two ends of the X-axis guide rail are slidably matched on the Y-axis guide rails, a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide on the Y-axis guide rails is also arranged, a printing head support is slidably matched and arranged on the X-axis guide rail and provided with an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the printing head support to slide on the X-axis guide rail, and a printing nozzle is arranged on the printing head support; the printing device also comprises a powder supply mechanism and a powder spreading mechanism, wherein the powder supply mechanism is arranged above the rear end of the mounting bracket;

the Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail on one side, the sliding table of the Y-axis electric sliding table is fixed with one end of the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail on the other side is a linear guide rail, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail can be slidably clamped and matched on the linear guide rail;

the X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, and a printing head support is arranged on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table;

the powder supply mechanism comprises a powder box, a discharge port is arranged at the lower part of the powder box, a quantitative discharge mechanism is arranged at the discharge port, a discharge shuttle groove extending towards the front lower part is connected below the quantitative discharge mechanism, and a notch at the lower end of the discharge shuttle groove is horizontally arranged along the width direction between the two corresponding mounting brackets;

the quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve horizontally arranged at a discharging port, the discharging port is connected with the metering sleeve in a vertically penetrating manner, a metering rotating roller is coaxially arranged at the axis inside the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the circumferential outer surface of the metering rotating roller along the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with that of an inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotatably attached to the inner cavity wall of the metering sleeve, and one end of each metering rotating roller rotatably penetrates through the end part of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor;

the powder spreading mechanism comprises a powder holding tank horizontally arranged along the width direction between two corresponding mounting brackets, two ends of the powder holding tank are fixed below the X-axis guide rail close to two end positions in a hanging mode through an upward connecting plate, the powder holding tank is arranged in a vertically through mode, a downward scraper is arranged on the side face of the rear end of the powder holding tank, the lower end of the scraper is provided with a horizontal cutting edge located at the height of a printing plane, at least one layer of powder required to be spread in printing can be held in the powder holding tank at one time, and when the X-axis guide rail slides to the rear end of the Y-axis guide rail, the upper end of the powder holding tank can be in butt joint with a notch at the lower end of the discharging shuttle groove;

the front side of the printing head bracket is downwards provided with a forward L-shaped front side nozzle mounting plate, and a horizontal part structure at the lower end of the front side nozzle mounting plate is provided with a first printing nozzle.

9. The product additive manufacturing method of claim 8, wherein the print head bracket is further provided with a nozzle vertical movement control mechanism for controlling the front nozzle mounting plate to slide vertically;

the vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle includes that a vertical fixed setting is at the vertical guide rail of beating printer head support one side, and one side slidable ground cooperation of front side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end is on vertical guide rail, and the upper end of vertical guide rail is fixed and is provided with a shower nozzle vertical motion control motor, still includes a screw rod that sets up side by side with vertical guide rail interval, and shower nozzle vertical motion control motor is connected and can drive the screw rod rotatory with the screw rod transmission, and screw-thread fit has connect a nut soon on the screw rod, and the nut relatively fixed is in front side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end.

10. The product additive manufacturing method of claim 8, wherein the front side nozzle mounting plate is fixed to a front end side of the print head carriage; the side surface of the rear end of the printing head support is also provided with a rear side nozzle mounting plate which is backwards L-shaped, the horizontal part structure at the lower end of the rear side nozzle mounting plate is provided with a second printing nozzle, and the printing head support is also provided with a nozzle vertical motion control mechanism for controlling the rear side nozzle mounting plate to vertically slide;

the spray head vertical motion control mechanism comprises a vertical guide rail which is vertically and fixedly arranged on a print head support, one side of the upper end of a rear spray head mounting plate can be matched on the vertical guide rail in a sliding mode, a spray head vertical motion control motor is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the vertical guide rail, the spray head vertical motion control mechanism further comprises a screw rod which is arranged in parallel with the vertical guide rail at intervals, the spray head vertical motion control motor is in transmission connection with the screw rod and can drive the screw rod to rotate, a nut is screwed in threaded fit on the screw rod, and the nut is relatively fixed at the upper end of the rear spray head mounting plate.