CN113771364B

CN113771364B - Product additive manufacturing method

Info

Publication number: CN113771364B
Application number: CN202111097803.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鄢然; 李欣飞; 夏磊; 刘红林; 王志国
Original assignee: Chongqing University of Technology
Current assignee: Chongqing University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-09-18
Filing date: 2021-09-18
Publication date: 2024-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-18
Also published as: CN113771364A

Abstract

The invention discloses a product additive manufacturing method, which is characterized in that a product is manufactured by adopting three-dimensional powder bonding 3D printing, wherein manufacturing required parts of different materials in the product to be printed are arranged along the up-down direction, and in the printing process, when the manufacturing required parts of the different materials are printed, powder materials of different materials are paved by adopting different powder boxes for printing, so that different quality performances of different parts of the product are obtained. The invention has the advantages of being capable of conveniently realizing printing of different materials in one product to obtain different performances at different parts of the product, having simple structure, flexible and convenient control, being capable of improving powder spreading precision and convenience and improving printing efficiency and quality precision.

Description

Product additive manufacturing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of rapid prototyping in product manufacturing, in particular to a product additive manufacturing method.

Background

3D Printing (3D Printing) belongs to one of the rapid prototyping technologies, and is also called additive manufacturing; the technology is based on a digital model, and materials such as plastics, metals, ceramic powder and the like are stacked layer by utilizing a laser mode, a hot melting nozzle mode and the like to bond and mold to construct an object. In recent years, 3D printing technology is widely applied to various fields such as industrial design, jewelry, automobiles, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education and the like.

The 3D printer commonly used at present has a plurality of types such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM), selective Laser Sintering (SLS), three-dimensional powder bonding, fusion lamination Forming (FDM), and the like. Wherein the three-dimensional powder is bonded and printed, namely 3DP technology. The 3DP process is similar to the SLS process in that it is formed from a powdered material, such as ceramic powder, metal powder. Except that the material powder is not joined by sintering, but the cross-section of the part is "printed" onto the material powder by means of a spray head with an adhesive, such as silicone. The strength of the parts bonded by the adhesive is low and the parts also need post-treatment. The specific process comprises the following steps: after the last layer is bonded, the forming cylinder descends by one printing layer thickness distance, which is usually 0.013-0.1 mm, the powder feeding cylinder pushes out a plurality of powder, and the powder is pushed into the forming cylinder by the powder spreading roller to be spread. The spray head selectively sprays the adhesive build layer under computer control, pressing the formation data of a build section. The powder is sent, spread and sprayed repeatedly, and finally the bonding printing of the three-dimensional powder is completed. The part not sprayed with the binder is dry powder, plays a supporting role in the forming process, and is removed after the forming is finished.

As the manufacturing industry advances, many products need to be made with different materials in different parts to achieve different properties. However, the current 3D printers in the market basically only use a single material to print objects, so that the 3D printer has a relatively large limitation and cannot print parts composed of two materials or even multiple materials at one time. The same drawbacks exist for the 3DP process.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to provide a product additive manufacturing method which can enable products to obtain different quality performances at different parts, is simple in structure and flexible and convenient to control, and further enables the product additive manufacturing method to improve powder spreading precision and convenience and improve printing efficiency and quality precision.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the product additive manufacturing method is characterized in that parts with different material manufacturing requirements in a product to be printed are arranged in the vertical direction, and in the printing process, when the parts with different material manufacturing requirements are printed, powder with different materials is paved by different powder boxes for printing, so that different parts of the product obtain different quality performances.

Therefore, the additive manufacturing method of the product can enable different parts of the product to be formed by printing different materials, obtain different quality performances, and enable the product to better meet the use requirements of different parts of the product. The performance and quality of the product are improved.

As an optimization choice, the method is realized by adopting a multi-material 3D printer, the multi-material 3D printer comprises a frame, a workbench horizontally arranged is arranged at the upper end of the frame, a printing area is formed by opening the middle position of the workbench, a cylindrical forming cylinder is downwards and correspondingly and fixedly arranged in the printing area, a supporting plate is arranged on the inner wall of the forming cylinder in a matched manner in a vertically sliding manner, a telescopic device with a telescopic end upwards arranged is arranged on the frame below the forming cylinder, and the upper end of the telescopic device is arranged below the supporting plate; still including setting up the powder feeding device on the workstation, spread powder device and printing device, spread powder device slidable ground and install on two shop's powder guide rails, wherein, the powder feeding device has two sets and installs the both ends at the printing region, spreads the powder guide rail along the relative direction setting between two sets of powder feeding devices and distribute in the both sides of printing region, and can link up respectively with two sets of powder feeding devices when making shop's powder device move to shop powder guide rail both ends position and realize spreading powder, printing device overhead installation and make shop powder device pass through its below.

Therefore, when the printer is used, powder of different materials can be added into different powder supply devices, and then when different parts of a product are printed, the powder is supplied to the powder spreading device by the different powder supply devices, and the powder spreading devices are correspondingly connected, spread and printed. In this way, different materials can be printed in one product, so that different parts of the product can respectively meet the respective performance requirements. And the working table and the forming cylinder do not need to be moved during working, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control and low cost.

Further, the frame is rectangular frame structure, and the workstation is rectangular workstation, and two sets of powder feeding device are installed at workstation length direction's both ends respectively.

In this way, the arrangement is more convenient.

Further, the powder supply device comprises a powder box, a horizontal strip-shaped discharge hole is arranged at the lower part of the powder box, the discharge hole is positioned above the end part of the printing area and is higher than the powder paving device in height, and a quantitative discharge mechanism is arranged on the discharge hole.

Therefore, the powder supply device is more convenient to discharge at the end part of the printing area, and the powder spreading device can pass through the position of the discharge hole to facilitate smooth powder spreading after discharging.

Further, the quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve horizontally arranged at the discharging hole, the discharging hole is vertically communicated with the metering sleeve and is connected, a metering rotating roller is coaxially arranged at the inner axis of the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the metering rotating roller in the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with the length of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotationally attached to the wall of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, and one end of the metering rotating roller rotatably penetrates out of the end of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor.

Therefore, the metering rotating roller can be controlled to rotate by means of the metering servo motor, the fixed angle can be rotated every time, the powder with the fixed volume size can be scraped by the cavity between the two blades, and the powder can be discharged downwards, so that uniform and quantitative powder supply is ensured.

Further, one end of the powder box is fixed on the side face of a vertically arranged powder box mounting plate, the lower end of the powder box mounting plate is fixed with the frame, and the metering servo motor is fixed on the side face of the other side of the powder box mounting plate.

Thus, the powder supply device is convenient to install and fix.

Further, shop powder device includes the shop powder roller and shop powder roller support of transversely setting up between two shop powder guide rails, shop powder roller support both ends slidable fit on shop powder guide rail, shop powder roller rotatable parallel install in shop powder roller support below, shop powder guide rail tip exceeds the shop powder device discharge gate position at least one shop powder roller width distance, shop powder roller one end and install the shop powder roller motor drive connection at shop powder roller support tip, shop powder device still includes and is used for driving shop powder roller support at shop powder guide rail gliding shop powder translation mechanism.

Thus, the powder laying device drives the powder laying roller support to slide until the end part of the powder laying guide rail passes through the position of the discharge hole of the powder feeding device, the powder feeding device is controlled to discharge, the powder with a set volume falls onto a printing area from the discharge hole, then the powder laying roller is driven to rotate by the powder laying roller motor, and meanwhile, the powder laying roller support is driven to slide from one section of the powder laying guide rail to the other end by the powder laying translation mechanism, and the powder is laid flat and compacted by virtue of the rotation of the powder laying roller. Therefore, the device has the advantages of stable and reliable spreading, convenience and rapidness.

Further, the powder laying guide rail is a circular linear light rail, and two ends of the powder laying roller support are slidably matched with the circular linear light rail by means of light rail sliding blocks.

In this way, smoothness of sliding is better ensured.

Further, the powder spreading translation mechanism comprises a powder spreading synchronous belt which is arranged on the outer side of the powder spreading guide rail in parallel, two ends of the powder spreading synchronous belt are sleeved and arranged on two powder spreading synchronous pulleys, one of the powder spreading synchronous pulleys is a driving wheel which is in transmission connection with a servo motor of the powder spreading synchronous belt, and the other powder spreading synchronous pulley is a tensioning wheel which is arranged on a tension regulator of the powder spreading synchronous belt.

Therefore, the synchronous belt mechanism is used for driving the powder spreading roller to translate and spread powder, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control, convenience in adjustment and tension maintenance, stable and reliable movement and the like. The synchronous belt tightness adjuster is a mature prior art, and specific structures are not described in detail herein.

Further, the printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged on the outer sides of the two powder spreading guide rails in parallel, an X-axis guide rail is transversely arranged on the two Y-axis guide rails, two ends of the X-axis guide rail are slidably matched and arranged on the Y-axis guide rails, and the printing device further comprises a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide along the Y-axis guide rail; the X-axis guide rail is slidably provided with a spray head fixing frame, a spray head for printing is arranged on the spray head fixing frame, and the X-axis guide rail is also provided with an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the spray head fixing frame to slide along the X-axis guide rail; and at least one of the two Y-axis guide rails outwards exceeds the width of at least one spray head fixing frame outside the corresponding powder paving guide rail.

In the powder spreading process, the X-axis motion control mechanism drives the spray head fixing frame and the spray head to move to a position exceeding the outer side of the powder spreading guide rail so as to avoid interference, and the powder spreading device is convenient to smoothly finish powder spreading. After powder spreading is completed, the spray head fixing frame and the spray heads on the spray head fixing frame are controlled to move in the X-axis and Y-axis directions by means of the synergistic effect of the Y-axis movement control mechanism and the X-axis movement control mechanism, so that printing is realized. The structure of the printing nozzle comprises components such as an ink and adhesive continuous supply box device, a hose and the like, and the specific structure is the prior art and is not described in detail herein.

Further, the Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail, a control motor of the Y-axis electric sliding table is arranged at one end of the Y-axis guide rail, and the end part of the X-axis guide rail is arranged on the corresponding sliding table of the Y-axis electric sliding table.

Therefore, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control and reliable control precision.

Further, the X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, a control motor of the X-axis electric sliding table is arranged at one end of the X-axis guide rail, and a spray head fixing frame is arranged on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table.

Further, the telescopic device comprises a Z-axis electric cylinder vertically arranged at the lower end of the middle part of the frame, a polish rod part of the Z-axis electric cylinder is upwards and supported and connected to the lower surface of the supporting plate, a fixing plate horizontally arranged is further arranged at the middle part of the Z-axis electric cylinder, the fixing plate is fixed relative to the frame and vertically penetrates through the Z-axis electric cylinder, auxiliary supporting rods are further vertically downwards connected and arranged on the periphery of the lower surface of the supporting plate, and the auxiliary supporting rods are of telescopic sleeve type structures and the outer sleeve downwards penetrates through and is fixed on the fixing plate.

Therefore, the telescopic device can control the lifting of the supporting plate more stably and reliably, and the movement control in the Z-axis direction during printing is realized.

Further, the two ends of the workbench, which are positioned in the printing area, are also provided with a material leakage opening, and a waste powder cylinder is arranged below the material leakage opening.

Thus, redundant waste materials can be leaked into the waste powder cylinder from the material leakage opening when the material is conveniently paved.

When the printer is used, the 3D printing of the colorful material can be performed according to the following flow steps.

Step one: and drawing and modeling software is used for completing model design of the part or the prototype, and the designed three-dimensional model is required to have detailed contour position information, material type information and color information.

Step two: after the model is designed autonomously, the model is input into software specially used for slicing to finish slicing, so that the geometric position information, the material type information and the color information of each layer of contour are obtained.

Step three: and converting the obtained model slice layering information into printing data which can be identified by a lower computer, transmitting the obtained information layer by layer to each part mechanism, correcting the positioning of each part and sending out an initialization signal.

Step four: powder materials are sent to a workbench through a powder supply device, and are paved and compacted through a powder paving roller, wherein the thickness of each layer of powder is preset.

Step five: after powder spreading is completed, the lower computer control system controls the printing mechanism to spray the adhesive with corresponding color on the powder bed on the workbench according to the contour information (position information, material information and color information of each contour point) of each layer of the model, so that the bonding of the colorful two-dimensional contour surface is realized.

Step six: after the spray printing of one layer of contour surface, the powder bottom plate of the forming cylinder is lowered by a preset thickness, the fourth step and the fifth step are repeated, and the layers are bonded layer by layer until all layers of the model are printed, and the designed multi (single) material color three-dimensional part is printed.

As another optimization choice, the method can also be realized by adopting a multi-station 3D printer, wherein the multi-station 3D printer comprises a horizontally arranged printing platform, a plurality of printing stations are arranged on the printing platform, each printing station is fixedly provided with a set of printing device, and the multi-station 3D printer also comprises a forming cylinder device and a guiding system, wherein the guiding system is used for guiding the forming cylinder device to be in butt joint with the printing device; the guide system is a guide system without a fixed guide rail, and the guide system without a fixed guide rail can generate a guide path according to requirements.

Therefore, the fixed guide rail is canceled, and the fixed guide rail is generated according to the needs, so that the control is more flexible and convenient.

Further, the guide system without the fixed guide rail comprises a plurality of positioning points arranged on the surface of the printing platform, positioning guide members are arranged at the positions of the positioning points, and the positioning points are arranged in an array manner to form a two-dimensional guide point cloud array; the guiding system further comprises an automatic guiding vehicle, a point cloud detection sensor capable of being positioned with a positioning guiding member of each positioning point in an induction mode is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle, a universal wheel system is further arranged below the automatic guiding vehicle and connected with a driving motor, and the driving motor can drive the universal wheel system to steer; the forming cylinder device is mounted on an automatic guided vehicle.

Therefore, when the printer is used, the position of the positioning guide member on each positioning point can be detected by means of the point cloud detection sensor, the automatic guided vehicle is controlled to travel and advance between different positioning points, and a travel path is generated by means of two-dimensional guide point cloud array control planning, so that the forming cylinder device can walk on a printing platform along with the automatic guided vehicle and finish the butt joint between different printing devices, and further different materials are printed on different positions in one product, and the performance difference requirements of different positions are met. Meanwhile, the printing device has the advantages of flexible and changeable control, better interference avoidance and possibility of realizing more printing sequences; the number of the printing stations and the automatic guided vehicles can be arranged according to actual production requirements.

Further, the positioning guide member is an electromagnetic generator, and the point cloud detection sensor is a magnetic navigation sensor.

Thus, the electromagnetic generator can be controlled to be opened and closed by a control device such as a computer, and when in use, the electromagnetic generators passing through the path can be opened along the required running path, and the electromagnetic generators on the running path are connected in series to form the effect similar to the guiding magnetic stripe. And simultaneously, the rest electromagnetic generators are closed, and the automatic guided vehicle is guided to travel along the path by using the magnetic navigation sensor. Therefore, different driving paths can be generated better according to the requirements of the corresponding automatic guided vehicles, interference of other automatic guided vehicles is avoided better, multiple printing stations can be arranged on the printing platform, multiple automatic guided vehicles are arranged on the printing platform, more automatic guided vehicles can work together on the same printing platform to participate in printing, and efficiency is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the interference of other positioning points is shielded by the driving path, and the reliability and stability of the driving path are greatly improved.

Further, the positioning guide member is buried below the upper surface of the printing platform.

Thus, the protection can be improved and the service life can be prolonged.

Further, in everywhere setpoint, still including at least one wireless charge level, wireless charging device has been buried in wireless charge level below, automatic guided vehicle lower surface middle part still corresponds and is provided with wireless charging coil, and wireless charging coil links to each other with the battery of installing on automatic guided vehicle, the battery with driving motor links to each other.

Therefore, the automatic charging driving duration of the automatic guided vehicle can be realized, so that the automatic guided vehicle is more convenient to control the moving sequence and path of the automatic guided vehicle.

Further, at least a portion of the wireless charging station is located at a print station on the print platform.

Therefore, after the automatic guided vehicle conveniently drives into the printing station, the automatic guided vehicle is charged in the waiting time of printing, so that the charging process does not occupy working time.

Further, the automatic guided vehicle is also provided with a wireless communication control module, and the wireless communication control module is connected with the driving motor and realizes control.

Therefore, the automatic guided vehicle can be conveniently controlled to travel and advance in a remote place through wireless communication of a control device such as a computer and the like according to a planned path.

Further, a positioning sensor is further arranged on the automatic guided vehicle or the printing station, and a positioning sensor detection component is correspondingly arranged on the printing station or the automatic guided vehicle.

Therefore, when the automatic guided vehicle runs to a printing station, accurate positioning of the automatic guided vehicle can be realized by means of cooperation detection between the positioning sensor and the positioning sensor detection component, the forming cylinder device on the automatic guided vehicle and the printing device on the printing station can be accurately abutted better, and the printing quality is ensured.

Further, the positioning sensor preferably adopts a contact switch, and the positioning sensor detection member adopts a hard member which can be matched with the contact switch to realize contact detection.

The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient implementation and reliable use.

Further, the two pairs of contact switches are respectively arranged on contact switch mounting frames which are upwards arranged on two sides of the automatic guided vehicle, and the positioning sensor detection member is a contact protrusion correspondingly formed on a pair of mounting brackets of the printing station.

In this way, accurate positioning of the automated guided vehicle at the print station can be more conveniently achieved.

Further, the universal wheel system comprises four Mecanum wheels arranged at four corners below the automatic guided vehicle, and each Mecanum wheel is respectively connected with a corresponding driving motor.

Therefore, the driving motor drives the four Mecanum wheels to rotate at different rotation speeds, so that the automatic guided vehicle can move in different directions, and the automatic guided vehicle can be better controlled to steer and run.

Further, the automatic guided vehicle comprises a bottom plate which is horizontally arranged, the Mecanum wheel and the corresponding driving motor are arranged below the bottom plate, the forming cylinder device is arranged above the middle of the bottom plate, the point cloud detection sensor is arranged below the bottom plate, the wireless charging coil is arranged below the bottom plate, and the wireless communication control module is arranged above the bottom plate.

In this way, the function of each component is better facilitated.

Further, the forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder which is arranged above the middle part of the automatic guiding vehicle in a hollow mode, a circle of flanging extending outwards horizontally is arranged at the upper end of the forming cylinder to form a printing plane, a bottom plate tray of the forming cylinder can be matched with the inner cavity wall of the forming cylinder in an up-down sliding mode, the forming cylinder device further comprises a lifting device which is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle below the forming cylinder, and a telescopic arm of the lifting device is connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate tray in an upward supporting mode.

Therefore, after the lifting device upwards supports the bottom plate tray to a position above the inner cavity of the forming cylinder, powder spreading printing is started, after each layer of printing is performed, the lifting device downwards retracts for a layer of distance, and then powder spreading printing is performed in the inner cavity of the forming cylinder again, so that the bottom plate tray descends layer by layer until printing is completed. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient control, stability and reliability.

Further, the four corners of the lower end of the forming cylinder are provided with downward supporting columns, and the lower position of the flanging at the periphery of the upper end of the forming cylinder is also provided with a supporting frame which is arranged obliquely outwards and downwards.

In this way, the stability of the forming cylinder can be better ensured.

Further, a waste accommodating groove is also arranged on the printing plane at the front end of the forming cylinder.

In this way, the waste material generated during feeding can fall down to better assist the feeding.

Further, the printing station is formed by a plurality of pairs of mounting brackets which are arranged on one side of the printing platform in pairs at intervals, the whole mounting bracket is in an inverted L-shaped support arm shape, the front end of the support arm horizontally extends forwards along the direction deviating from the edge of the printing platform, and the printing device is fixed on the mounting bracket.

In this way, the installation of the printing device is more convenient, and the butt joint of the forming cylinder device and the printing device is more convenient.

Further, the printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged on the support arm at the upper end of the mounting support along the length direction of the support arm, X-axis guide rails are vertically arranged between the two Y-axis guide rails along the horizontal direction, two ends of each X-axis guide rail are slidably matched with the Y-axis guide rails, a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rails to slide on the Y-axis guide rails is also arranged on each X-axis guide rail, a printing head support is slidably matched with the X-axis guide rails, an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the printing head support to slide on the X-axis guide rails is arranged on each printing head support, and a printing nozzle is arranged on each printing head support; the printing device also comprises a powder supply mechanism arranged above the rear end position of the mounting bracket and a powder spreading mechanism.

Thus, the X-direction and Y-direction movement control of the printing spray head is convenient to control.

Further, the Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail on one side, the sliding table of the Y-axis electric sliding table is fixed with one end of an X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail on the other side is a linear guide rail, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail is slidably clamped and matched on the linear guide rail.

Further, the X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table, the guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, and a printing head support is arranged on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table.

Further, the powder supply mechanism comprises a powder box, a discharge hole is formed in the lower portion of the powder box, a quantitative discharge mechanism is arranged at the discharge hole, a discharge shuttle groove extending forwards and downwards is connected below the quantitative discharge mechanism, and the lower end groove of the discharge shuttle groove is horizontally arranged along the width direction between two corresponding mounting brackets.

Therefore, the convenient powder supply mechanism quantitatively discharges and supplies powder according to the quantity required by each spreading, and the convenient powder discharging enters the powder spreading mechanism.

Further, the quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve horizontally arranged at the discharging hole, the discharging hole is vertically communicated with the metering sleeve and is connected, a metering rotating roller is coaxially arranged at the inner axis of the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the circumferential outer surface of the metering rotating roller along the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with the length of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotationally attached to the wall of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, and one end of the metering rotating roller rotatably penetrates out of the end of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor.

Further, two ends of the powder box are fixed on the side face of a vertically arranged powder box mounting plate, the lower end of the powder box mounting plate is fixed with a mounting bracket, and a metering servo motor is fixed on the side face of the other side of the powder box mounting plate.

Thus, the powder feeding mechanism is convenient to install and fix.

Further, spread powder mechanism includes a powder holding tank that arranges along the width direction level between two corresponding installing support, powder holding tank both ends are unsettled to be fixed in X axle guide rail and are close to both ends position below through ascending connecting plate, have the scraper that sets up downwards on the side of powder holding tank upper and lower link up setting and rear end (with the adjacent one end of powder case), the scraper lower extreme has the horizontally and is located the cutting edge of printing plane height, the powder holding tank once can hold the powder of at least one deck printing needs shop powder, when X axle guide rail slides to Y axle guide rail rear end, powder holding tank upper end can with ejection of compact shuttle groove lower extreme mouth butt joint.

Like this, powder holding tank slides the Y axle guide rail rear end along X axle guide rail when spreading the powder, and powder is from quantitative discharge mechanism ration ejection of compact and falls into the powder holding tank through ejection of compact shuttle groove, then along with X axle guide rail slides along Y axle guide rail forward, relies on the scraper to strickle the powder that falls down in the powder holding tank forward, realizes spreading. The scraper is adopted to spread the materials more conveniently and the powder surface is smooth, the spreading mechanism and the printing spray heads are integrally arranged on the X-axis guide rail, the printing spray heads can immediately realize printing in the spreading motion process along with the spreading mechanism, and the printing spray heads can respectively print once in the reciprocating process of one-time spreading, so that the printing quality and efficiency are improved.

Further, a front nozzle mounting plate in a forward L shape is installed and connected downwards on the side surface of the front end of the printing head support, and a first printing nozzle is installed on the horizontal part structure of the lower end of the front nozzle mounting plate.

Therefore, when the powder spreading device spreads materials along with the forward movement of the X-axis guide rail, the printing spray head can be controlled to spray the adhesive for one time in front of the X-axis guide rail according to the contour of the product layer, one-time pre-printing is realized, powder is spread on the powder spreading device and combined with the adhesive and scraped by the scraper, and then the printing spray head is controlled to print normally once in the resetting process of the X-axis guide rail. So realized once spreading twice and printed, can improve the intensity that the product takes shape, can also increase the thickness that each layer printed in order to improve printing efficiency. Meanwhile, the whole structure is simpler, and the spreading is convenient, fast and reliable.

As a better option, a nozzle vertical movement control mechanism for controlling the front nozzle mounting plate to vertically slide is further arranged on the print head bracket.

Therefore, the height of the first printing nozzle can be adjusted up and down, so that the position of the printing nozzle can be adjusted to enable the printing nozzle to be printed on the upper surface of the powder in two times in one spreading process, and the printing precision is improved better. Specifically speaking, when printing before the first printing shower nozzle moves forward the shop material along with X axle guide rail, can adjust its position downwards for first printing shower nozzle is in the position that is lower than scraper one deck powder height, and the binder jet printing is accomplished to the upper surface of last layer powder, guarantees the product contour precision of printing in this time better. Then after the printing is finished, when the first printing nozzle moves backwards along with the X-axis guide rail to reset, the first printing nozzle is adjusted upwards to return to the position horizontal to the scraper so as to realize normal printing; and the X-axis guide rail moves backwards to reset to the starting end, then the printing of the layer is finished, the bottom plate tray in the forming cylinder falls by one layer of powder distance, and the first printing nozzle is controlled to move downwards by the same distance to print the next layer, so that the cycle is circulated until the printing is finished. Therefore, the appearance quality of the whole product can be better improved, and the structure is simpler, thereby being beneficial to implementation.

Further, the vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle includes a vertical guide rail of vertical fixed setting in printing head support one side, and one side of front side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end slidable cooperates on vertical guide rail, and the upper end of vertical guide rail is fixed to be provided with a vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle, still includes a screw rod that sets up side by side with the vertical guide rail interval, and the vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle is connected with screw drive and can drive the screw rod rotation, and screw thread cooperation has connect a nut soon on the screw rod, and the nut is fixed in front side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end relatively.

Like this, the vertical motion control motor rotation of shower nozzle drives the screw rod and rotates, relies on vertical guide rail to pass through the front side shower nozzle mounting panel spacing to the rotation of nut, and the screw nut transmission that constitutes through screw rod and nut is vice, drives front side shower nozzle mounting panel and realizes the control of sliding from top to bottom. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable control, stable movement and high control precision.

Alternatively, the front-side head mounting plate is fixed to the front-end side of the head carriage; the printing head support is characterized in that a rear side nozzle mounting plate in a backward L shape is further mounted on the side face of the rear end of the printing head support, a second printing nozzle is structurally mounted on the horizontal part of the lower end of the rear side nozzle mounting plate, and a nozzle vertical motion control mechanism for controlling the rear side nozzle mounting plate to vertically slide is further arranged on the printing head support.

Therefore, when the X-axis guide rail moves back to the rear end of the Y-axis guide rail for feeding, the spray head vertical movement control mechanism can control the second printing spray head to rise upwards to exceed the height of the discharging shuttle groove so as to avoid interference. And then during normal printing, the second printing spray head is controlled to drop back to the printing position downwards, so that at least two times of printing can be realized in the process that the spreading mechanism moves forwards along with the X-axis guide rail to spread materials by means of the two printing spray heads of the structure. For example, during normal printing, the first printing nozzle and the second printing nozzle can be arranged at the same height level with the scraper, when the spreading device spreads forwards, the second printing nozzle at the rear can be used for realizing the first printing of the layer of powder, and when the spreading device finishes the process of resetting the layer of powder spreading backwards, the first printing nozzle at the front can be used for realizing the second printing of the layer of powder, so that the quality and the efficiency of products can be better improved by twice printing of one spreading, the product contour of the second printing can also be in the range of the area between the product contours of the front spreading and the rear spreading, the contour linking effect between the two spreading can be better improved, and the product precision can be better improved. Meanwhile, as different printing spray heads are adopted for the two-time printing, binders with different proportions can be adopted for adjustment, so that the respective performances of the printing spray heads are more targeted, for example, the binder with a normal 3D printing effect is adopted for the first time printing, and the binder with a better bonding effect between the printed powder layer and the powder layer to be paved is adopted for the second time printing, so that the final printing effect can be better improved, and the product quality is improved. In addition, for some special products, for example, products with consistent width in the front-back direction, the device can even realize the special effect of printing four times in the process of one round trip spreading, and better improve the product quality and the production efficiency.

Further, the vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle, including a vertical guide rail of vertical fixed setting on the printer head support, one side of rear side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end slidable cooperates on vertical guide rail, vertical guide rail's upper end is fixed to be provided with a vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle, still include a screw rod that sets up side by side with vertical guide rail interval, the vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle is connected with screw drive and can drive the screw rod rotation, screw thread cooperation has connect soon a nut on the screw rod, the nut is fixed in rear side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end relatively.

Like this, the vertical motion control motor rotation of shower nozzle drives the screw rod and rotates, relies on vertical guide rail to pass through the front side shower nozzle mounting panel spacing to the rotation of nut, and the screw nut transmission that constitutes through screw rod and nut is vice, drives rear side shower nozzle mounting panel and realizes the control of sliding from top to bottom. Therefore, the device has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable control, stable movement and high control precision.

In summary, the invention has the advantages of being capable of conveniently realizing printing of different materials in one product to obtain different performances at different parts of the product, having simple structure, flexible and convenient control, being capable of improving powder spreading precision and convenience, and being capable of improving printing efficiency and quality precision.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-station 3D printer according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the individual printing platform in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the individual printing apparatus in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the separate powder feeding mechanism in fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the powder spreading mechanism in fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a front view of the single automated guided vehicle of fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a printing device in a second multi-station 3D printer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-material 3D printer according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of a portion of the separate powder supplying device of fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the construction of the separate powdering device portion of fig. 12.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the individual printing apparatus portion in fig. 12.

Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the individual telescoping device sections of fig. 12.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.

First embodiment: the product additive manufacturing method is characterized in that parts with different material manufacturing requirements in a product to be printed are arranged in the vertical direction, and when the parts with different material manufacturing requirements are printed in the printing process, powder materials with different materials are paved by different powder boxes for printing, so that different quality performances of different parts of the product are obtained.

Specifically, in this embodiment, a multi-station 3D printer as shown in fig. 1-10 is adopted, where the multi-station 3D printer includes a horizontally arranged printing platform 1, a plurality of printing stations are arranged on the printing platform, each printing station is fixedly provided with a set of printing device, and the multi-station 3D printer further includes a forming cylinder device and a guiding system, where the guiding system is used for guiding the forming cylinder device to butt-joint with the printing device; the guide system is characterized in that the guide system is a guide system without a fixed guide rail, and the guide system without the fixed guide rail can generate a guide path according to requirements.

The guide system without the fixed guide rail comprises a plurality of positioning points 2 arranged on the surface of a printing platform, positioning guide members are arranged at the positions of the positioning points 2, and the positioning points are arranged in an array manner to form a two-dimensional guide point cloud array; the guiding system further comprises an automatic guiding vehicle 3, a point cloud detection sensor 4 capable of being positioned with a positioning guiding member of each positioning point in an induction mode is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle 3, a universal wheel system is further arranged below the automatic guiding vehicle 3 and connected with a driving motor 5, and the driving motor 5 can drive the universal wheel system to steer; the forming cylinder device is mounted on an automated guided vehicle 3.

Like this, when this equipment was used, can rely on the point cloud to detect the sensor and realize detecting to the location guide member position on the setpoint everywhere to control automatic guided vehicle and go forward between different setpoint, rely on two-dimensional guidance point cloud array control planning to generate the route of traveling, make the jar device that takes shape can follow automatic guided vehicle walking on print platform and accomplish the butt joint between the different printing devices, and then realized printing different materials in different positions in a product, satisfied the performance difference demand at different positions. Meanwhile, the printing device has the advantages of flexible and changeable control, better interference avoidance and possibility of realizing more printing sequences; the number of the printing stations and the automatic guided vehicles can be arranged according to actual production requirements.

Wherein the positioning guide member is an electromagnetic generator, and the point cloud detection sensor 4 is a magnetic navigation sensor.

Wherein the positioning guide member is buried below the upper surface of the printing platform 1.

Thus, the protection can be improved and the service life can be prolonged.

Among them, in everywhere setpoint, still including at least one wireless charge level 6, wireless charge level 6 below buries wireless charging device, automatic guided vehicle lower surface middle part still corresponds and is provided with wireless charging coil 7, and wireless charging coil 7 links to each other with the battery of installing on automatic guided vehicle, the battery with driving motor 5 links to each other.

Wherein at least part of the wireless charging station 6 is positioned at a printing station on the printing platform.

The automatic guided vehicle is further provided with a wireless communication control module 8, and the wireless communication control module 8 is connected with the driving motor and controls the driving motor.

The automatic guided vehicle or the printing station is further provided with a positioning sensor 9, and the printing station or the automatic guided vehicle is correspondingly provided with a positioning sensor detection member (not shown in the figure). In operation, the registration sensor sensing member is mounted within the registration sensor sensing member mounting aperture 10 on the mounting bracket 20 of the print station.

The positioning sensor 9 preferably adopts a contact switch, and the positioning sensor detection member adopts a hard member which can be matched with the contact switch to realize contact detection.

The two pairs of contact switches are respectively arranged on contact switch mounting frames 11 arranged on two sides of the automatic guided vehicle upwards, and the positioning sensor detection member is a contact protrusion correspondingly formed on a pair of mounting brackets 20 of the printing station.

The universal wheel system comprises four Mecanum wheels 12 arranged at four corners below the automatic guided vehicle, and each Mecanum wheel 12 is respectively connected with a corresponding driving motor 5.

Therefore, the driving motor drives the four Mecanum wheels to rotate at different rotation speeds, so that the automatic guided vehicle can move in different directions, and the automatic guided vehicle can be better controlled to steer and run. Mecanum wheels are well established products, the specific structure of which is not described in detail here.

The automatic guided vehicle 3 comprises a bottom plate which is horizontally arranged, the Mecanum wheel 12 and the corresponding driving motor 5 are arranged below the bottom plate, the forming cylinder device is arranged above the middle of the bottom plate, the point cloud detection sensor 4 is arranged below the bottom plate, the wireless charging coil 7 is arranged below the bottom plate, and the wireless communication control module 8 is arranged above the bottom plate.

In this way, the function of each component is better facilitated.

The forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder 13 which is arranged above the middle part of the automatic guiding vehicle in a hollow mode, a circle of flanging extending outwards horizontally is arranged at the upper end of the forming cylinder to form a printing plane 14, a bottom plate tray 15 of the forming cylinder is matched with the inner cavity wall of the forming cylinder in an up-down sliding mode, the forming cylinder device further comprises a lifting device 16 which is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle below the forming cylinder, and a telescopic arm of the lifting device 16 is supported and connected on the lower surface of the bottom plate tray in an up-down supporting mode.

The four corners of the lower end of the forming cylinder are provided with downward supporting columns 17, and a supporting frame 18 which is obliquely arranged outside and below is also arranged below the flanging of the periphery of the upper end of the forming cylinder.

In this way, the stability of the forming cylinder can be better ensured.

Wherein, a waste material accommodating groove 19 is also arranged on the printing plane of the front end of the forming cylinder.

The printing station is formed by a plurality of pairs of mounting brackets 20 which are arranged on one side of the printing platform in pairs at intervals, the mounting brackets 20 are integrally in an inverted L-shaped support arm shape, the front ends of the support arms horizontally extend forwards along the direction deviating from the edge of the printing platform, and the printing device is fixed on the mounting brackets 20.

The printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails 21 which are arranged on the support arms at the upper ends of the mounting brackets along the length direction of the support arms, X-axis guide rails 22 are vertically arranged between the two Y-axis guide rails 21 along the horizontal direction, two ends of each X-axis guide rail 22 are slidably matched with the Y-axis guide rails 21, Y-axis motion control mechanisms for controlling the X-axis guide rails to slide on the Y-axis guide rails are also arranged, a printing head bracket 23 is slidably matched with the X-axis guide rails, and X-axis motion control mechanisms for controlling the printing head bracket 23 to slide on the X-axis guide rails are arranged on the printing head bracket, and printing spray heads (only printing spray head mounting holes are shown in the figure) are arranged on the printing head bracket; the printing device also comprises a powder supply mechanism arranged above the rear end position of the mounting bracket and a powder spreading mechanism.

The Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail 24 of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail on one side, a sliding table 25 of the Y-axis electric sliding table is fixed with one end of an X-axis guide rail 22, the Y-axis guide rail on the other side is a linear guide rail 26, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail 22 is slidably clamped and matched on the linear guide rail 26.

Wherein, X axle motion control mechanism is X axle electric slipway, and the guide rail 27 of X axle electric slipway forms X axle guide rail, installs print head support 23 on the slipway of X axle electric slipway. The adopted electric sliding table is an existing product, comprises a motor, a guide rail, a sliding table and other components, and drives the sliding table to translate along the guide rail in a transmission mode of a screw-nut pair by the motor, and the specific structure is not described in detail herein.

Wherein, the powder feeding mechanism includes a powder case 30, and powder case 30 lower part is provided with the discharge gate, and discharge gate department is provided with quantitative discharge mechanism, and quantitative discharge mechanism below is connected with a play feed shuttle groove 31 that extends forward below, and play feed shuttle groove 31 lower extreme slot is arranged along the width direction level between two corresponding installing support.

The quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve horizontally arranged at a discharging hole, the discharging hole is vertically communicated with the metering sleeve 32 and is connected with the metering sleeve, a metering roller 33 is coaxially arranged at the inner axis of the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the circumferential outer surface of the metering roller 33 along the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with the length of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotationally attached to the wall of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, and one end of the metering roller 33 rotatably penetrates out of the end of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor 34.

Wherein, the both ends of powder case 30 are fixed on the powder case mounting panel 35 side of vertical setting, and powder case mounting panel 35 lower extreme and installing support are fixed, and servo motor 34 for the measurement is fixed on powder case mounting panel opposite side.

Thus, the powder feeding mechanism is convenient to install and fix.

Wherein, shop powder mechanism includes a powder holding tank 36 that arranges along the width direction level between two corresponding installing support, powder holding tank 36 both ends are unsettled to be fixed in X axle guide rail and are close to both ends position below through ascending connecting plate 37, powder holding tank link up from top to bottom and set up and rear end (with the adjacent one end of powder case) side on have scraper 38 of setting down, scraper 38 lower extreme has the horizontally and is located the cutting edge of printing plane height, powder holding tank once can hold the powder of at least one deck printing needs shop powder, when X axle guide rail slides to Y axle guide rail rear end, powder holding tank upper end can with ejection of compact shuttle groove lower extreme slot butt joint.

Wherein, the front side of the print head bracket is downwards provided with a front side spray head mounting plate 40 in a forward L shape, and the horizontal part of the lower end of the front side spray head mounting plate 40 is structurally provided with a first print spray head (only spray head mounting holes are shown in the figure).

In this embodiment, the front-side head mounting plate 40 is fixed to the front-end side surface of the head holder 23; the rear end side of the print head bracket 23 is also provided with a rear side spray head mounting plate 41 in a backward L shape, the horizontal part structure of the lower end of the rear side spray head mounting plate 41 is provided with a second print spray head (only a print spray head mounting hole is shown in the figure), and the print head bracket 23 is also provided with a spray head vertical movement control mechanism for controlling the rear side spray head mounting plate to vertically slide.

Wherein, the vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle, including a vertical guide rail 42 of vertical fixed setting on the print head support, one side of rear side shower nozzle mounting panel 41 upper end slidable ground cooperates on vertical guide rail 42, the upper end of vertical guide rail 42 is fixed to be provided with a shower nozzle vertical motion control motor 43, still include a screw rod 44 that sets up with vertical guide rail interval juxtaposing, the vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle is connected with screw rod transmission and can drive the screw rod rotation, screw rod 44 is gone up the screw thread cooperation and is screwed and has been connected a nut 45, the nut is fixed in rear side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end relatively.

In addition, a computer-aided control system is also required to be installed in the implementation, and the control system performs horizontal slicing on the imported three-dimensional CAD model to separate slice data of each printing layer, and then sends the slice data to a 3D printer for printing, which is a mature prior art, so the details are not described here.

Second embodiment.

This embodiment is compared with the first embodiment. Only in the multistation 3D printer that adopts printing device's print head mounting structure be different, do not set up rear side shower nozzle mounting panel and the second print head on it in this embodiment, but with front side shower nozzle mounting panel vertical slip setting, other part structures are the same with first embodiment.

Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. Referring to fig. 11, in the present embodiment, a head vertical movement control mechanism for controlling the vertical sliding of the front-side head mounting plate 40 is further provided on the head carriage 23.

Wherein, the vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle includes a vertical guide rail 41 fixed in vertical setting in printing head support 23 one side, one side of front side shower nozzle mounting panel 40 upper end slidable cooperates on vertical guide rail 41, the upper end of vertical guide rail 41 is fixed to be provided with a shower nozzle vertical motion control motor 42, still include a screw 43 that sets up side by side with vertical guide rail interval, shower nozzle vertical motion control motor 42 and screw 43 transmission are connected and can drive the screw rod rotation, screw rod upper thread cooperation has connect a nut 44 soon, nut 44 relatively fixed in front side shower nozzle mounting panel 40 upper end.

Third embodiment.

The product additive manufacturing method is characterized in that parts with different material manufacturing requirements in a product to be printed are arranged in the vertical direction, and when the parts with different material manufacturing requirements are printed in the printing process, powder materials with different materials are paved by different powder boxes for printing, so that different quality performances of different parts of the product are obtained.

Specifically, the embodiment is realized by adopting the multi-material 3D printer shown in fig. 12-17, the multi-material 3D printer comprises a frame 1, a workbench 6 horizontally arranged is arranged at the upper end of the frame, a printing area is formed by an opening at the middle position of the workbench, a cylindrical forming cylinder 7 is downwards and correspondingly and fixedly arranged in the printing area, a supporting plate 8-1 is arranged on the inner wall of the forming cylinder 7 in a matched manner in a vertically sliding manner, a telescopic device 8 with an upward telescopic end is arranged on the frame below the forming cylinder, and the upper end of the telescopic device 8 is arranged below the supporting plate; still including setting up the confession powder device 3 on the workstation, shop powder device 4 and printing device 5, shop powder device 4 slidable installs on two shop powder guide rails, wherein, the confession powder device has two sets and installs the both ends at the printing region, shop powder guide rail along the relative direction setting between two sets of confession powder devices and distribute in the both sides of printing region, and can link up respectively with two sets of confession powder devices when making shop powder device move to shop powder guide rail both ends position and realize shop powder, printing device overhead installation and make shop powder device pass through its below.

Therefore, when the printer is used, powder of different materials can be added into different powder supply devices, then when different parts of a product are printed, the powder is supplied to the powder spreading device by the different powder supply devices, and the powder spreading devices are correspondingly connected, spread and printed. In this way, different materials can be printed in one product, so that different parts of the product can respectively meet the respective performance requirements. And the working table and the forming cylinder do not need to be moved during working, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in control and low cost.

Wherein, frame 1 is rectangular frame construction, and the workstation is rectangular workstation, and two sets of powder feeding device are installed at workstation length direction's both ends respectively.

In this way, the arrangement is more convenient.

Wherein, the powder supply device 3 comprises a powder box 3-1, the lower part of the powder box is provided with a horizontally long strip-shaped discharge hole, the discharge hole is positioned above the end part of the printing area and is higher than the height of the powder spreading device, and the discharge hole is provided with a quantitative discharge mechanism.

The quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve 3-4 horizontally arranged at a discharging hole, the discharging hole is vertically communicated with the metering sleeve and is connected, a metering rotating roller 3-5 is coaxially arranged at the inner axis of the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the metering rotating roller in the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with the length of an inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer side surface of each rectangular blade is rotatably attached to the wall of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, and one end of the metering rotating roller rotatably penetrates out of the end of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor 3-3.

One end of the powder box 3-1 is fixed on the side face of a vertically arranged powder box mounting plate 3-2, the lower end of the powder box mounting plate is fixed with the frame, and the metering servo motor is fixed on the side face of the other side of the powder box mounting plate.

Thus, the powder supply device is convenient to install and fix.

The powder spreading device 4 comprises a powder spreading roller 4-7 and a powder spreading roller support 4-5 which are transversely erected between two powder spreading guide rails 4-6, two ends of the powder spreading roller support are slidably matched on the powder spreading guide rails, the powder spreading roller is rotatably and parallelly installed below the powder spreading roller support, the end part of the powder spreading guide rail exceeds the position of a discharge hole of the powder feeding device by at least one width distance of the powder spreading roller, one end of the powder spreading roller is in transmission connection with a powder spreading roller motor 4-3 installed at the end part of the powder spreading roller support, and the powder spreading device further comprises a powder spreading translation mechanism for driving the powder spreading roller support to slide on the powder spreading guide rails. The powder spreading roller motor 4-3 is arranged on the powder spreading roller motor bracket 4-4. In implementation, the end part of the powder spreading guide rail 4-6 is provided with a guide rail fixing piece 4-8.

The powder laying guide rail is a circular linear light rail, and two ends of the powder laying roller support are slidably matched with the circular linear light rail by means of light rail sliding blocks.

In this way, smoothness of sliding is better ensured.

The powder laying translation mechanism comprises a powder laying synchronous belt 4-9 which is arranged on the outer side of a powder laying guide rail in parallel, two ends of the powder laying synchronous belt are sleeved and installed on two powder laying synchronous pulleys, one of the powder laying synchronous pulleys is a driving wheel in transmission connection with a powder laying synchronous belt servo motor 4-1, and the other powder laying synchronous pulley is a tensioning wheel installed on a powder laying synchronous belt tightness regulator 4-10. In fig. 4, reference numeral 4-2 denotes a decelerator for powder spreading connected between the powder spreading timing belt servo motor 4-1 and the driving wheel.

The printing device 5 comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged on the outer sides of the two powder spreading guide rails in parallel, an X-axis guide rail is transversely arranged on the two Y-axis guide rails, two ends of the X-axis guide rail are slidably matched and arranged on the Y-axis guide rails, and the printing device further comprises a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rail to slide along the Y-axis guide rail; the X-axis guide rail is slidably provided with a spray head fixing frame 5-3, a spray head 5-4 for printing is arranged on the spray head fixing frame, and the X-axis guide rail is also provided with an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the spray head fixing frame to slide along the X-axis guide rail; and at least one of the two Y-axis guide rails outwards exceeds the width of at least one spray head fixing frame outside the corresponding powder paving guide rail.

The Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table 5-1, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail, a control motor of the Y-axis electric sliding table is arranged at one end of the Y-axis guide rail, and the end part of the X-axis guide rail is arranged on a sliding table of the corresponding Y-axis electric sliding table.

Therefore, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control and reliable control precision. In implementation, the guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table 5-1 forms one of the Y-axis guide rails, the second Y-axis guide rail is obtained by adopting a V-shaped guide rail, and the other end part of the X-axis guide rail is arranged on the V-shaped guide rail through a V-shaped guide rail sliding block 5-5.

The X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table 5-2, a guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, a control motor of the X-axis electric sliding table is arranged at one end of the X-axis guide rail, and a spray head fixing frame is arranged on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table.

The telescopic device comprises a Z-axis electric cylinder 8-5 vertically arranged at the lower end of the middle of the frame, a polish rod part of the Z-axis electric cylinder is upwards and supported and connected to the lower surface of a supporting plate 8-1, a fixing plate 8-4 horizontally arranged is further arranged at the middle of the Z-axis electric cylinder, the fixing plate is fixed relative to the frame and vertically penetrates through the Z-axis electric cylinder, auxiliary supporting rods 8-3 are vertically and downwards connected and arranged on the lower surface of the supporting plate, the periphery of the Z-axis electric cylinder is positioned, and the auxiliary supporting rods are of telescopic sleeve type structures and are fixed on the fixing plate in a manner that outer sleeves downwards penetrate through.

Therefore, the telescopic device can control the lifting of the supporting plate more stably and reliably, and the movement control in the Z-axis direction during printing is realized. In practice, the fixing plate 8-4 is fixed to the frame by a vertical support plate 8-2. The Z-axis electric cylinder 8-5 is arranged on the frame through a Z-axis electric cylinder mounting seat 8-6.

Wherein, the workstation is last to be located the both ends position of printing the region still to be provided with the weeping mouth, and weeping mouth below is provided with useless powder jar 2.

When the multi-material 3D printer is used, 3D printing of the multi-color material can be performed according to the following flow steps.

Claims

1. The product additive manufacturing method is characterized in that parts with different material manufacturing requirements in a product to be printed are arranged in the up-down direction, and when the parts with different material manufacturing requirements are printed in the printing process, powder materials with different materials are paved by different powder boxes for printing, so that different quality performances of different parts of the product are obtained;

the method is realized by adopting a multi-station 3D printer, the multi-station 3D printer comprises a horizontally arranged printing platform, a plurality of printing stations are arranged on the printing platform, each printing station is fixedly provided with a set of printing device, and the multi-station 3D printer also comprises a forming cylinder device and a guiding system, wherein the guiding system is used for guiding the forming cylinder device to be in butt joint with the printing device; the guide system is a guide system without a fixed guide rail, and the guide system without the fixed guide rail can generate a guide path according to the requirement;

The guide system without the fixed guide rail comprises a plurality of positioning points arranged on the surface of the printing platform, positioning guide members are arranged at the positions of the positioning points, and the positioning points are arrayed to form a two-dimensional guide point cloud array; the guiding system further comprises an automatic guiding vehicle, a point cloud detection sensor capable of being positioned with a positioning guiding member of each positioning point in an induction mode is arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle, a universal wheel system is further arranged below the automatic guiding vehicle and connected with a driving motor, and the driving motor can drive the universal wheel system to steer; the forming cylinder device is arranged on the automatic guide vehicle; when the device is used, a driving path can be generated by means of control planning of the two-dimensional guide point cloud array, so that the forming cylinder device can walk on a printing platform along with an automatic guide vehicle and the butt joint between different printing devices can be completed;

the positioning guide member is an electromagnetic generator, and the point cloud detection sensor is a magnetic navigation sensor; the positioning guide member is buried below the upper surface of the printing platform; when the electromagnetic generator is used, the electromagnetic generator passing through the path can be opened along the required running path, so that the electromagnetic generators on the running path are connected in series to form the effect of guiding the magnetic stripe, and after the rest electromagnetic generators are closed, the automatic guided vehicle can be guided to run along the running path by using the magnetic navigation sensor;

The automatic guided vehicle is also provided with a wireless communication control module which is connected with the driving motor and realizes control;

the automatic guide vehicle or the printing station is also provided with a positioning sensor, and the printing station or the automatic guide vehicle is correspondingly provided with a positioning sensor detection member; the positioning sensor adopts a contact switch, and the detection component of the positioning sensor adopts a hard component which can be matched with the contact switch to realize contact detection.

2. The method for manufacturing the product additive according to claim 1, further comprising at least one wireless charging station in each positioning point, wherein a wireless charging device is buried below the wireless charging station, a wireless charging coil is correspondingly arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the automatic guided vehicle, the wireless charging coil is connected with a storage battery arranged on the automatic guided vehicle, and the storage battery is connected with the driving motor;

at least a part of the wireless charging bit is positioned at a printing station on the printing platform;

the universal wheel system comprises four Mecanum wheels arranged at four corners below the automatic guided vehicle, and each Mecanum wheel is respectively connected with a corresponding driving motor;

The automatic guided vehicle comprises a bottom plate which is horizontally arranged, wherein the Mecanum wheel and a corresponding driving motor are arranged below the bottom plate, the forming cylinder device is arranged above the middle of the bottom plate, the point cloud detection sensor is arranged below the bottom plate, the wireless charging coil is arranged below the bottom plate, and the wireless communication control module is arranged above the bottom plate.

3. The additive manufacturing method of products according to claim 2, wherein the forming cylinder device comprises a forming cylinder with a fixing frame arranged above the middle part of the automatic guiding vehicle, a circle of flanging extending horizontally outwards is arranged at the upper end of the forming cylinder to form a printing plane, a bottom plate tray of the forming cylinder is matched on the inner cavity wall of the forming cylinder in a sliding way up and down, the forming cylinder device also comprises a lifting device arranged on the automatic guiding vehicle below the forming cylinder, and a telescopic arm of the lifting device is connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate tray in an upward supporting way;

the four corners of the lower end of the forming cylinder are provided with downward support columns, and the lower part of the flanging at the periphery of the upper end of the forming cylinder is also provided with a support frame which is obliquely arranged outside and below;

the printing plane at the front end of the forming cylinder is also provided with a waste accommodating groove.

4. A method of additive manufacturing of a product as claimed in claim 3, wherein the printing station is formed by a plurality of pairs of mounting brackets arranged in pairs at intervals on one side of the printing platform, the mounting brackets are integrally in the shape of inverted L-shaped arms, the front ends of the arms extend horizontally and forwardly in a direction away from the edge of the printing platform, and the printing device is fixed on the mounting brackets;

The printing device comprises Y-axis guide rails which are arranged on the support arm at the upper end of the mounting bracket along the length direction of the support arm, X-axis guide rails are vertically arranged between the two Y-axis guide rails along the horizontal direction, two ends of each X-axis guide rail are slidably matched with the Y-axis guide rails, a Y-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the X-axis guide rails to slide on the Y-axis guide rails is also arranged on each X-axis guide rail, a printing head bracket is slidably matched with the X-axis guide rails, an X-axis motion control mechanism for controlling the printing head bracket to slide on the X-axis guide rails is arranged on each printing head bracket, and a printing nozzle is arranged on each printing head bracket; the printing device also comprises a powder supply mechanism arranged above the rear end position of the mounting bracket and a powder spreading mechanism;

the Y-axis motion control mechanism is a Y-axis electric sliding table, a guide rail of the Y-axis electric sliding table forms a Y-axis guide rail on one side, the sliding table of the Y-axis electric sliding table is fixed with one end of an X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail on the other side is a linear guide rail, and the other end of the X-axis guide rail is slidably clamped and matched on the linear guide rail;

the X-axis motion control mechanism is an X-axis electric sliding table, the guide rail of the X-axis electric sliding table forms an X-axis guide rail, and a printing head bracket is arranged on the sliding table of the X-axis electric sliding table;

the powder supply mechanism comprises a powder box, a discharge hole is formed in the lower portion of the powder box, a quantitative discharge mechanism is arranged at the discharge hole, a discharge shuttle groove extending forwards and downwards is connected below the quantitative discharge mechanism, and the lower end groove opening of the discharge shuttle groove is horizontally arranged along the width direction between two corresponding mounting brackets;

The quantitative discharging mechanism comprises a metering sleeve horizontally arranged at a discharging hole, the discharging hole is vertically communicated with the metering sleeve and is connected, a metering rotating roller is coaxially arranged at the inner axis of the metering sleeve, rectangular blades extending along the axial direction are uniformly distributed on the circumferential outer surface of the metering rotating roller along the circumferential direction, the length of each rectangular blade is consistent with the length of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, the outer surface of each rectangular blade is rotatably attached to the wall of the inner cavity of the metering sleeve, and one end of the metering rotating roller rotatably penetrates out of the end of the metering sleeve and is connected with a metering servo motor;

the powder spreading mechanism comprises a powder accommodating groove horizontally arranged along the width direction between two corresponding mounting brackets, two ends of the powder accommodating groove are suspended and fixed below the positions, close to the two ends, of the X-axis guide rail through upward connecting plates, the powder accommodating groove is vertically through-arranged, the side surface of the rear end of the powder accommodating groove is provided with a downward scraper, the lower end of the scraper is provided with a horizontal cutting edge positioned at the height of a printing plane, the powder accommodating groove can accommodate at least one layer of powder to be spread for printing at one time, and when the X-axis guide rail slides to the rear end of the Y-axis guide rail, the upper end of the powder accommodating groove can be in butt joint with the lower end opening of the discharging shuttle groove;

the side face of the front end of the printing head support is downwards provided with a front side nozzle mounting plate in a forward L shape, and a first printing nozzle is structurally arranged on the horizontal part of the lower end of the front side nozzle mounting plate.

5. The product additive manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein a nozzle vertical movement control mechanism for controlling the front nozzle mounting plate to vertically slide is further provided on the print head bracket;

the vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle includes a vertical guide rail of vertical fixed setting in printing head support one side, and one side of front side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end slidable cooperates on vertical guide rail, and the upper end of vertical guide rail is fixed to be provided with a vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle, still includes a screw rod that sets up side by side with the vertical guide rail interval, and the vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle is connected with screw drive and can drive the screw rod rotation, and screw thread cooperation has connect soon a nut on the screw rod, and the nut is fixed in front side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end relatively.

6. The product additive manufacturing method of claim 4, wherein the front side nozzle mounting plate is fixed to a front side of the printhead bracket; the lateral surface of the rear end of the printing head support is also provided with a backward L-shaped rear side nozzle mounting plate, the horizontal part structure of the lower end of the rear side nozzle mounting plate is provided with a second printing nozzle, and the printing head support is also provided with a nozzle vertical motion control mechanism for controlling the rear side nozzle mounting plate to vertically slide;

The vertical motion control mechanism of shower nozzle, including a vertical guide rail of vertical fixed setting on the printer head support, one side of rear side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end slidable ground cooperation is on vertical guide rail, and the upper end of vertical guide rail is fixed to be provided with a vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle, still includes a screw rod that sets up side by side with the vertical guide rail interval, and the vertical motion control motor of shower nozzle is connected with the screw rod transmission and can drive the screw rod rotation, and screw thread cooperation connects soon on the screw rod has a nut, and the nut is fixed in rear side shower nozzle mounting panel upper end relatively.