CN113768734A

CN113768734A - A rehabilitation device for temporomandibular joint

Info

Publication number: CN113768734A
Application number: CN202110795910.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方玉飞; 吴玲; 庞清江; 章璟文
Original assignee: Ningbo Huamei Hospital University of CAS
Current assignee: Ningbo Huamei Hospital University of CAS
Priority date: 2021-07-14
Filing date: 2021-07-14
Publication date: 2021-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-14
Also published as: CN113768734B

Abstract

The invention discloses a rehabilitation device for temporomandibular joints, which comprises a safety seat, a fixed armrest arranged and fixedly connected with the safety seat, a backrest fixedly connected with the fixed armrest, a mounting platform fixedly connected with the backrest, a multi-axis mechanical arm rotatably connected with the mounting platform and a rehabilitation mechanism mounted on the multi-axis mechanical arm, wherein the backrest is fixedly connected with the backrest; through the combined use of arm and safety seat, can let recovered person accept temporal joint's rehabilitation training under the state of sitting still, improve recovered travelling comfort and the recovered effect of process.

Description

A rehabilitation device for temporomandibular joint

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of chair cushions, and particularly relates to a rehabilitation device for temporomandibular joints.

Background

The temporomandibular joint is also known as the temporomandibular joint or the mandibular joint. Consists of a mandibular head, a temporomandibular fossa and a joint nodule, which are combined into a joint on the left and the right to carry out opening, closing and chewing movements. The joint capsule is loose and reinforced by the medial and lateral ligaments. The articular disc in the capsule is oval and is composed of fibrocartilage, and is divided into an anterior part, a middle part and a posterior part. The upper surface is saddle-shaped, is concave in front and convex in back and corresponds to the convex-concave contours of the articular nodule and the mandibular fossa; the lower concavity is opposite to the mandible, the periphery is connected with the joint capsule, and the front edge is connected with the extrapterous muscle tendon passing through the joint capsule. The articular disc divides the articular cavity into upper and lower halves. The joint is externally provided with a sphenoid mandibular ligament (sphenoid spine to mandibular uvula) and a styloid mandibular ligament (styloid process to mandibular angle) for reinforcement;

the temporal joint disorder syndrome is the most common disease of oral cavity and maxillofacial region, and the clinical manifestations are joint pain relieving, joint bounce during movement and mandibular movement disorder, and the movement is beneficial to treating the jaw joint disorder. Movement is necessary to prevent cartilage deterioration, soft tissue delamination of the jaw joint surfaces. In many cases, movement can stimulate joint healing, reduce joint pain and swelling. By stretching and relaxing the jaw muscles, increased training is gradually helpful to improve the mouth-opening degree of a patient suffering from muscle pain. Passive motion may also improve the benefits of the treatment plan, especially subsequent training. Therefore, the passive jaw opening training has good effect on patients with jaw joint disorder or physical therapy of the jaw after operation.

The existing temporal joint rehabilitation training generally comprises two brace rods which are hinged with each other, wherein the tail ends of the brace rods are provided with an upper denture base and a lower denture base, and a spring is arranged between the two brace rods; when in use, the upper denture base and the lower denture base are placed in the oral cavity, and the stay bar is repeatedly pressed by hands to repeatedly open and close the temporal joint;

the existing temporal joint rehabilitation instrument is simple in structure, when long-time rehabilitation training is carried out, the hands of a user can be tired due to the fact that the user continuously carries out grip strength movement, meanwhile, the head of the user moves freely, the movement of the head often can lead to the nonstandard posture correction or the error, and the effect of rehabilitation is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a rehabilitation device for the temporal joint that solves the above mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint, characterized in that: the multifunctional rehabilitation device comprises a safety seat, a fixed armrest arranged and fixedly connected with the safety seat, a backrest fixedly connected with the fixed armrest, a mounting platform fixedly connected with the backrest, a multi-axis mechanical arm rotatably connected with the mounting platform and a rehabilitation mechanism mounted on the multi-axis mechanical arm; when the multifunctional rehabilitation chair is used, a user sits on the safety seat and is placed in front of the face through the multi-axis mechanical arm rehabilitation mechanism; the rehabilitation mechanism is arranged on the seat, so that long-time temporal joint rehabilitation correction can be performed in a sitting posture state, the hands of a user are liberated, and the rehabilitation effect is improved; the multi-axis mechanical arm can provide multiple degrees of freedom, improves the flexibility of the rehabilitation mechanism, can adapt to the height and the body shape of a user, carries out rehabilitation training in the best posture, and improves the applicability and the rehabilitation effect of the rehabilitation device.

The backrest is provided with a head fixer; the head fixer is connected with the backrest in a sliding way and is used for fixing the head and the neck of a user;

preferably, the head fixer is provided with an air bag;

when the device is used, a user needs to put the lower part of the head into the head fixer and clamp and fix the head through the air bag, so that incorrect work and rest in the process of rehabilitation training are prevented, and the rehabilitation effect caused by the position deviation of the head is prevented from being not added; the head holder can be adjusted up and down to adapt to different people.

The rehabilitation mechanism comprises an installation shaft fixedly connected to the multi-axis mechanical arm, a first check groove fixedly connected to the installation shaft, an installation sleeve sleeved on the installation shaft, an installation hole arranged in the installation sleeve, a control console fixedly connected to the installation sleeve, a plurality of slide rails fixedly connected to the installation hole, a control shaft slidably connected to the installation hole, a slide groove fixedly connected to the control shaft and slidably connected to the slide rails, a second check groove fixedly connected to the control shaft, a pressure groove arranged in the control shaft, a pressure spring sleeved on the pressure groove and a first control knob fixedly connected to the pressure spring; after user's position of sitting adjustment is accomplished, through pressing the control cabinet, the contrary groove of ending of first contrary groove and second can take place relative slip, and simultaneously, pressure spring is compressed, when the control cabinet drives the certain angle of installation cover upset, under pressure spring's effect, the contrary groove of ending of first contrary groove and second is locked again, realize the fixed of control cabinet, and then realized the every single move position adjustment to control cabinet and rehabilitation mechanism, cooperation multiaxis arm, can realize that the omnidirectional gesture is adjusted, satisfy different users, and carry out rehabilitation training with the best angle, alleviate patient's burden, promote recovered quality.

The control console comprises a control panel, a storage bin arranged at the upper part of the control panel, a driving block slidably connected with the storage bin, a driving shaft rotatably arranged on the driving block, a first driving flange sleeved on the driving shaft, an upper pressure plate fixedly connected with the first driving flange, a second driving flange sleeved on the driving shaft, a lower pressure plate fixedly connected with the second driving flange, a driving gear fixedly connected with the driving shaft, a driving motor fixedly connected with the driving block, an output gear rotatably connected with the driving motor, and a driving belt sleeved on the output gear and the driving gear; the driving shaft is provided with threads; preferably, the first driving flange and the second driving flange are internally provided with threads, and the screwing directions of the threads are opposite; after user's posture adjustment is accomplished, put into the mouth with the tip of last pressure plate and lower pressure plate, after having set for recovered speed and the biggest use angle through control panel, start driving motor, driving motor drives the drive shaft through the drive belt and rotates, the drive shaft rotates, under the effect of screw thread, first drive flange drives the top board upward movement, and simultaneously, second drive flange drives the bottom plate downstream, carry out the recovered motion that opens and shuts of user's upper and lower jaw, replace traditional push type, realize automated control, the stroke that opens and shuts that can accurate control top board and bottom plate, the rate of motion of top board and bottom plate is slow stable, recovered effect is better.

The driving shaft comprises an upper half shaft and a lower half shaft; the upper half shaft is connected with the lower half shaft through an adjusting component; the adjusting assembly comprises a connecting shaft fixedly connected to the lower half shaft, a connecting groove arranged on the upper half shaft, a plurality of blind holes arranged on the connecting shaft, a connecting pin connected to the blind holes in a sliding manner, a connecting spring arranged on the blind holes, and a plurality of grooves arranged on the connecting groove;

the length of the first driving flange is greater than that of the second driving flange; the drive shaft rotates, drive first drive flange and the motion of second drive flange, because first drive flange is longer, in the motion process, the upper portion of first drive flange can support the upper portion at the collecting storage, lead to the top board to stop continuing the upward movement, and simultaneously, the holding down plate continues to keep the downstream, furthermore, the first axle is owing to receive the resistance effect, can't rotate again, the head of connecting pin is deviate from the recess, coupling spring continues to keep rotating, the holding down plate continues to descend to appointed stroke, in use, the top board is at the certain distance back stop motion of upward movement, the holding down plate continues the downstream, the holding down plate is longer than the stroke of top board, accord with ergonomic more, because, when the action is opened and shut in the mouth, the open angle of lower jaw is bigger, the stroke is longer, guarantee more scientific and effectual recovered motion.

The propelling component comprises a propelling block fixedly connected with the driving block, a propelling hole arranged on the propelling block, a propelling knob rotatably connected with the console, a propelling shaft fixedly connected with the propelling knob and rotatably connected with the propelling hole, and a propelling spring sleeved on the propelling knob; the propelling shaft is provided with threads; the rotary propelling knob can drive the driving block to move back and forth in the storage bin through the propelling shaft, and can be adjusted according to requirements, so that the requirements of different users can be met.

The upper pressure plate is provided with a first sliding groove, the lower pressure plate is provided with a second sliding groove, an upright post is fixedly connected in the containing bin, an induction spring is sleeved on the upright post, and the lower part of the induction spring is provided with a pressure sensor; the upright post, the first sliding groove and the second sliding groove can provide a guiding effect for the movement of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, so that the movement accuracy is improved; the pressure sensor can sense the pressure generated by the rehabilitation mechanism, feed back when the opening and closing angle is too large, and perform power-off protection.

The end parts of the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate are provided with mounting interfaces; the mounting interface is detachably connected with a protective sleeve; the protective sleeve can be replaced after being used, and safety and sanitation are guaranteed.

In summary, the invention has the following advantages: the rehabilitation mechanism is arranged on the seat, so that long-time temporal joint rehabilitation correction can be performed in a sitting posture state, the hands of a user are liberated, and the rehabilitation effect is improved; the multi-axis mechanical arm can provide multiple degrees of freedom, improve the flexibility of the rehabilitation mechanism, adapt to the height and the body shape of a user, perform rehabilitation training in the optimal posture and improve the applicability and the rehabilitation effect of the rehabilitation device; the lower pressing plate is longer than the upper pressing plate in stroke, and better accords with human engineering, because when the mouth performs opening and closing actions, the lower jaw is larger in opening angle and longer in stroke, and more scientific and effective rehabilitation movement is guaranteed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an exploded view of a portion of the rehabilitation facility of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-6, a rehabilitation device for temporomandibular joint comprises a safety seat 1, a fixed armrest 11, a backrest 12, a mounting platform 13, a multi-axis mechanical arm 14, a rehabilitation mechanism 2; the fixed armrest 11 is arranged and fixedly connected to the safety seat 1; the backrest 12 is fixedly connected to the fixed armrest 11; the mounting platform 13 is fixedly connected to the backrest 12; the multi-axis robotic arm 14 is rotatably connected to the mounting platform 13; the rehabilitation mechanism 2 is mounted to the multi-axis robotic arm 14.

The backrest 12 is provided with a head fixer 3; the head holder 3 is slidably connected to the backrest 12 for holding the head and neck of a user.

The rehabilitation mechanism 2 comprises a mounting shaft 21, a first check groove 22, a mounting sleeve 23, a mounting hole 24, a control console 25, a sliding rail 26, a control shaft 27, a sliding groove 28, a second check groove 29, a pressure groove 210, a pressure spring 211 and a first control knob 212; the mounting shaft 21 is fixedly connected to the multi-axis mechanical arm 14; the first check groove 22 is fixedly connected to the mounting shaft 21; the mounting sleeve 23 is sleeved on the mounting shaft 21; the mounting hole 24 is formed in the mounting sleeve 23; the control console 25 is fixedly connected to the mounting sleeve 23; the slide rails 26 are fixedly connected to the mounting holes 24; the control shaft 27 is slidably connected to the mounting hole 24; the sliding groove 28 is fixedly connected to the control shaft 27 and slidably connected to the sliding rail 26; the second check groove 29 is fixedly connected to the control shaft 27; the pressure groove 210 is arranged on the control shaft 27; the pressure spring 211 is sleeved in the pressure groove 210; the first control knob 212 is fixedly connected to the pressure spring 211.

The console 25 comprises a control panel 251, a storage bin 252, a driving block 253, a driving shaft 254, a first driving flange 255, an upper pressure plate 256, a second driving flange 257, a lower pressure plate 258, a driving gear 259, a driving motor 260, an output gear 261 and a driving belt; the storage compartment 252 is arranged on the upper part of the control panel 251; the driving block 253 is slidably connected to the storage bin 252; the driving shaft 254 is rotatably arranged on the driving block 253; the first driving flange 255 is sleeved on the driving shaft 254; the upper pressure plate 256 is fixedly attached to the first drive flange 255; the second driving flange 257 is sleeved on the driving shaft 254; said lower pressure plate 258 is fixedly attached to said second drive flange 257; the drive gear 259 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 254; the driving motor 260 is fixedly connected to the driving block 253; the output gear 261 is rotatably connected to the driving motor 260; the driving belt is sleeved on the output gear 261 and the driving gear 259; the drive shaft 254 is threaded.

The drive shaft 254 includes an upper half shaft 31 and a lower half shaft 32; the upper half shaft 31 and the lower half shaft 32 are connected through an adjusting component 33; the adjusting assembly 33 comprises a connecting shaft 331, a connecting groove 332, a blind hole 333, a connecting pin 334, a connecting spring 335 and a groove 336; the connecting shaft 331 is fixedly connected to the lower half shaft 32; the connecting groove 332 is arranged on the upper half shaft 31; the driving blind hole 333 is arranged on the connecting shaft 331; the connecting pin 334 is slidably connected to the blind hole 333; the connecting spring 335 is arranged in the blind hole 333; the groove 336 is formed in the connecting groove 332.

The first drive flange 255 has a length greater than a length of the second drive flange 257.

The control platform 25 is provided with a propelling component 4; the propelling assembly 4 comprises a propelling block 41, a propelling hole 42, a propelling knob 43, a propelling shaft 44 and a propelling spring 45; the pushing block 41 is fixedly connected to the driving block 253; the pushing hole 42 is arranged on the pushing block 41; the push knob 43 is rotatably connected to the console 25; the propelling shaft 44 is fixedly connected to the propelling knob 43 and rotatably connected to the propelling hole 42; the pushing spring 45 is sleeved on the pushing knob 43; the propulsion shaft 44 is provided with threads.

The upper pressure plate 256 is provided with a first sliding groove 263, the lower pressure plate 258 is provided with a second sliding groove 264, the storage chamber 252 is internally and fixedly connected with a column 265, the column 265 is sleeved with an induction spring 266, and the lower part of the induction spring 266 is provided with a pressure sensor 267.

The ends of the upper pressure plate 256 and the lower pressure plate 258 are provided with mounting interfaces 268; a protective sleeve 269 is detachably connected to the mounting interface 268.

The specific working process is as follows:

when the multifunctional rehabilitation chair is used, a user sits on the safety chair 1 and is placed in front of the face through the multi-axis mechanical arm 14 and the rehabilitation mechanism 2; the rehabilitation mechanism 2 is arranged on the seat, so that long-time temporal joint rehabilitation correction can be performed in a sitting posture state, the hands of a user are liberated, and the rehabilitation effect is improved; the multi-axis mechanical arm 14 can provide multiple degrees of freedom, improve the flexibility of the rehabilitation mechanism 2, adapt to the height and the body shape of a user, perform rehabilitation training in the optimal posture, and improve the applicability and the rehabilitation effect of the rehabilitation device

When in use, a user needs to put the lower part of the head into the head fixer 3 and clamp and fix the head through the air bag, so as to prevent incorrect work and rest in the process of rehabilitation training and avoid the rehabilitation effect caused by the deviation of the head position; the head holder 3 can be adjusted up and down to adapt to different people

After user's position of sitting adjustment is accomplished, through pressing down control cabinet 25, the contrary groove 29 of ending of first contrary groove 22 and second can take place relative slip, and simultaneously, pressure spring 211 is compressed, when control cabinet 25 drives installation cover 23 upset certain angle, under pressure spring 211's effect, the contrary groove 29 of ending of first contrary groove 22 and second is locked again, realize control cabinet 25's fixing, and then realized the every single move position control to control cabinet 25 and rehabilitation mechanism 2, cooperation multiaxis arm 14, can realize omnidirectional posture adjustment, satisfy different users, and carry out rehabilitation training with the best angle, alleviate patient's burden, promote recovered quality.

Threads are arranged inside the first driving flange 255 and the second driving flange 257, and the screwing directions of the threads are opposite; after the posture of the user is adjusted, the ends of the upper pressure plate 256 and the lower pressure plate 258 are placed in the mouth, the rehabilitation speed and the maximum use angle are set through the control panel 251, the driving motor 260 is started, the driving motor 260 drives the driving shaft 254 to rotate through the driving belt, the driving shaft 254 rotates, under the action of the threads, the first driving flange 255 drives the upper pressure plate to move upwards, meanwhile, the second driving flange 257 drives the lower pressure plate to move downwards to assist the upper jaw and the lower jaw of the user to perform the opening and closing rehabilitation movement, the traditional pressing type is replaced, automatic control is realized, the opening and closing strokes of the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate can be accurately controlled, the movement speed of the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate is slow and stable, and the rehabilitation effect is good,

the drive shaft 254 rotates, moving the first drive flange 255 and the second drive flange 257, because the first drive flange 255 is longer, during the movement, the upper portion of the first driving flange 255 will abut against the upper portion of the receiving compartment 252, causing the upper platen to stop moving further upward, meanwhile, the lower press plate keeps moving downwards, further, the upper half shaft 31 can not rotate any more due to the resistance, the head of the connecting pin 334 is disengaged from the groove 336, the connecting spring 335 keeps rotating, the lower press plate keeps descending to the designated stroke, when in use, the upper pressure plate stops moving after moving upwards for a certain distance, the lower pressure plate continues moving downwards, the stroke of the lower pressure plate is longer than that of the upper pressure plate, and the lower pressure plate is more in line with the ergonomics because, when the mouth is opened and closed, the lower jaw is opened at a larger angle and has a longer stroke, thereby ensuring more scientific and effective rehabilitation exercise.

The driving block 253 can be driven by the propelling shaft 44 to move back and forth in the storage compartment 252 by rotating the propelling knob 43, and the adjustment can be carried out according to the requirements, so that the requirements of different users can be met.

The upright 265 and the first and second

sliding grooves

263 and 264 can provide a guiding function for the movement of the upper and lower pressing plates, and improve the accuracy of the movement; the pressure sensor 267 can sense the pressure generated by the rehabilitation mechanism 2, feed back when the opening and closing angle is too large, and perform power-off protection

The protective sleeve 269 can be replaced after use, so that safety and sanitation are guaranteed.

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint, characterized in that: including safety seat (1), locate fixed connection in fixed handrail (11), fixed connection in of safety seat (1) in back (12), fixed connection in of fixed handrail (11), fixed connection in mounting platform (13) of back (12), rotatable coupling in multiaxis arm (14) of mounting platform (13) and install in rehabilitation mechanism (2) of multiaxis arm (14).

2. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint according to claim 1, characterised in that: the backrest (12) is provided with a head fixer (3); the head holder (3) is slidably connected to the backrest (12) for holding the head and neck of a user.

3. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint according to claim 2, characterised in that: the rehabilitation mechanism (2) comprises an installation shaft (21) fixedly connected with the multi-axis mechanical arm (14), a first check groove (22) fixedly connected with the installation shaft (21), an installation sleeve (23) sleeved on the installation shaft (21), an installation hole (24) arranged on the installation sleeve (23), a control console (25) fixedly connected with the installation sleeve (23), and a plurality of slide rails (26) fixedly connected with the installation hole (24), sliding connection in control shaft (27), fixed connection in of mounting hole (24) in control shaft (27) and sliding connection in spout (28) of slide rail (26), fixed connection in contrary groove (29) are contrary to the second of control shaft (27), locate pressure groove (210) of control shaft (27), cover are located pressure spring (211) and fixed connection in the first control knob (212) of pressure spring (211) of pressure groove (210).

4. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint according to claim 3, characterised in that: the control console (25) comprises a control panel (251), a containing bin (252) arranged at the upper part of the control panel (251), a driving block (253) connected with the containing bin (252) in a sliding way, a driving shaft (254) rotatably arranged on the driving block (253), a first driving flange (255) sleeved on the driving shaft (254), and an upper pressure plate (256) fixedly connected with the first driving flange (255), a second driving flange (257) sleeved on the driving shaft (254), a lower pressure plate (258) fixedly connected to the second driving flange (257), a driving gear (259) fixedly connected to the driving shaft (254), a driving motor (260) fixedly connected to the driving block (253), an output gear (261) rotatably connected to the driving motor (260), and a driving belt (262) sleeved on the output gear (261) and the driving gear (259); the driving shaft (254) is provided with a thread.

5. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint according to claim 4, characterised in that: the drive shaft (254) comprises an upper half shaft (31) and a lower half shaft (32); the upper half shaft (31) is connected with the lower half shaft (32) through an adjusting component (33); the adjusting component (33) comprises a connecting shaft (331) fixedly connected to the lower half shaft (32), a connecting groove (332) arranged on the upper half shaft (31), a plurality of blind holes (333) arranged on the connecting shaft (331), a connecting pin (334) slidably connected to the blind holes (333), a connecting spring (335) arranged on the blind holes (333), and a plurality of grooves (336) arranged on the connecting groove (332).

6. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint according to claim 5, characterised in that: the first drive flange (255) has a length greater than a length of the second drive flange (257).

7. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint according to claim 6, characterised in that: the control console (25) is provided with a propelling component (4); the propelling component (4) comprises a propelling block (41) fixedly connected to the driving block (253), a propelling hole (42) formed in the propelling block (41), a propelling knob (43) rotatably connected to the console (25), a propelling shaft (44) fixedly connected to the propelling knob (43) and rotatably connected to the propelling hole (42), and a propelling spring (45) sleeved on the propelling knob (43); the propulsion shaft (44) is provided with threads.

8. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint according to claim 7, characterised in that: go up and be equipped with first sliding tray (263) on pressure plate (256), be equipped with second sliding tray (264) on lower pressure plate (258), fixedly connected with stand (265) in storage bin (252), the cover is equipped with response spring (266) on stand (265), response spring (266) lower part is equipped with pressure sensor (267).

9. A rehabilitation device for the temporomandibular joint according to claim 8, characterised in that: the ends of the upper pressure plate (256) and the lower pressure plate (258) are provided with mounting interfaces (268); the mounting interface (268) is detachably connected with a protective sleeve (269).