CN113768179B - Full-automatic cigar airing house and cigar airing method - Google Patents
Full-automatic cigar airing house and cigar airing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113768179B CN113768179B CN202110981755.4A CN202110981755A CN113768179B CN 113768179 B CN113768179 B CN 113768179B CN 202110981755 A CN202110981755 A CN 202110981755A CN 113768179 B CN113768179 B CN 113768179B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
- A24B1/02—Arrangements in barns for preparatory treatment of the tobacco, e.g. with devices for drying
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
- E04H5/08—Buildings or groups of buildings for agricultural purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-automatic cigar airing room and an airing method, wherein the full-automatic cigar airing room comprises an airing room, a room beam, a roof and an airing frame, wherein moving components detachably connected with airing rods are arranged on two sides of the airing frame, the moving components are connected with driving components arranged on the room beam, and a plurality of pumping and exhausting fans are arranged below the airing rods; a spraying pipeline system is arranged below the house beam and comprises an internal spraying component positioned above the airing rack and an external spraying component extending to the outside of the airing room; the lower part of the front surface of the airing room is provided with a sliding door, the upper part of the front surface and the back surface are provided with a light-shading and rain-shielding outer window which can be opened controllably, and the outer wall of the airing room is also provided with a master controller; an air-curing method includes collecting tobacco leaves, putting them on the shelves, and controlling the air-curing by a control system. The full-automatic cigar airing room is reasonable in space utilization, cigar tobacco leaves can be aired in batches, automatic adjustment of temperature, humidity and ventilation is carried out by combining the natural environment, the tobacco leaf airing effect is better, and mildew and rot of the tobacco leaves are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cigar tobacco leaf airing houses, in particular to a full-automatic cigar airing house and an airing method.
Background
The cigar raw materials are divided into core leaves (cigar cores), inner wrapper leaves (cigar sleeves) and outer wrapper leaves (cigar coats) according to different purposes, the cigar coats are the essence parts of cigars and play a role in protecting, beautifying and improving taste and average burning speed, and the quality of the tobacco leaves of the cigar coats is an important factor for measuring the quality and grade of the cigars. However, due to the lack of breeding, cultivation, modulation and plant protection technologies, the raw materials of the domestic high-quality eggplant are not sufficiently supplied, and the healthy development of the cigar industry in China is hindered. Therefore, the high-quality eggplant drying facility is in urgent need of solution.
At present, most of domestic air-curing houses are made of burley tobaccos by utilizing simple air-curing houses, and in the domestic cigar production area, the air-curing houses in the Hainan production area are mainly characterized in that the upper parts of the air-curing houses are provided with windows, and the lower parts of the air-curing houses are not provided with the windows, so that the air-curing houses are easy to cause unsmooth ventilation of the lower parts, have local large humidity and are easy to mildew and rot, and are heated by utilizing fire tubes, and the energy waste is serious; the Hubei production area is mainly a large-tunnel drying room with large area and large capacity, and the moisture-removing ventilation exhausts air through a pipeline arranged at the bottom, thus being not beneficial to the control of local drying environment and being more beneficial to the drying of high-quality cigar raw materials, particularly high-quality eggplant clothes.
The Chinese invention patent application (publication number: CN110897183A) discloses an automatic temperature and humidity control solar cigar tobacco leaf airing room in 2020, but the position of the door and window of the structure can directly influence the tobacco leaves at the corresponding position, the ventilation of the tobacco leaves at the position without opening the window can be unsmooth, and the position with the window can cause direct irradiation of sunlight to change the airing effect in sunny days; due to the excessive arrangement of the fans, the tobacco leaves of the cigar coat sensitive to the air quantity are easy to form floating green; the power consumption equipment configured in the air-curing house needs a large amount of solar panels for power supply, and the air-curing house is too high in cost and is not suitable for large-area popularization in cigar production areas. The Chinese patent application (publication No. CN110810883A) discloses a cigar airing house in 2020, which is characterized in that tobacco leaves in the withering and yellowing stage are hung and aired on 1-2 layers, tobacco leaves in the browning stage are hung and aired on 3-4 layers, and tobacco leaves in the dry rib stage are hung and aired on 5-6 layers by utilizing different natural temperature and humidity distributions of the upper part and the lower part of a multi-layer tobacco airing rack. And controlling the temperature and the humidity of the airing room by using an automatic control system. However, the number of layers of the structure is too large, so that the operation difficulty and the danger in the airing room are increased; meanwhile, when the fan is installed on the top layer for regulation and control, only the upper space is affected, the wind speed is high, the upper tobacco leaf airing is affected, and the lower space is a high-humidity area, so that the wind speed is low, even no wind exists, and the ventilation and dehumidification effects are poor.
In recent years, cigar airing modes are largely the same and different, and Hainan, Sichuan and Hubei production areas are divided into withering period, yellowing period, browning period and dry-gluten period by basically passing through cigarettes through leaf backs, and finally, the cigarettes are stored off shelves; the airing of the American eggplant leaves is divided into a wilting period, a browning period and a stem drying period. However, the specific operation has the following defects:
firstly, wear the cigarette back, the expression is the blade crisscross, but behind withering and collapsing, especially need fan from time to time in the system of drying in the air blow and remove etc. encircle in the extrusion of one-tenth blade, local ventilation is not smooth, and causes a slice tobacco leaf system process of drying in the air different, expresses for half brown or even dry and strong, half still becoming yellow, and extrusion regional tobacco leaf rotten can appear in worse case.
Secondly, the air-curing process excessively pursues the temperature and humidity standard, but neglects the nature that foreign eggplant clothes high-quality production areas depend on natural conditions for air-curing, and the problems such as floating green and the like of tobacco leaves in air-curing can not be improved through later air-curing. Meanwhile, the process of pursuing fixed temperature and humidity inevitably causes extra resource waste.
Thirdly, the humidity requirements of the tobacco leaf unfolding and the tobacco leaf storage are neglected, and unnecessary loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fully-automatic cigar airing house and a matched airing method aiming at the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
(1) a fully automatic cigar airing house and an airing technology thereof comprise an airing house, an automatic control system, a cigar tobacco leaf airing method and the like.
(2) The airing rooms in the step (1) are 7m long (depth), 4m wide, 5m high in eave of the front and rear rooms and 5.8m high in ridge beam, and can be used independently or connected into a row of airing rooms, and the connected airing rooms are isolated every 2;
(3) the air-curing house in the step (1) comprises an air-curing house, a wall body, a roof, a door, a window, a tobacco curing beam and the like, which are all simple steel frame structures, and plates are made of shading, heat insulation, heat preservation and waterproof materials;
(4) the room door in the step (3) is arranged on one side of the front surface of the airing room, is a side push-pull door, and is 2.4m high and 1.2m wide;
(5) the drying room in the step (1) is provided with criss-cross room beams above, a roof is arranged above the room beams, a plurality of drying racks are arranged in the drying room, drying rods capable of moving automatically are arranged on the drying racks, moving components detachably connected with the drying rods are arranged on two sides of the drying racks, the moving components are connected with driving components arranged on the room beams, and a plurality of pumping fans are arranged below the drying rods;
(6) a spraying pipeline system is arranged below the house beam, and comprises an internal spraying assembly located above the airing rack and an external spraying assembly extending to the outside of the airing house; an internal water storage tank is arranged above the house beam and is connected with the spraying pipeline system, and a ventilation and heat dissipation assembly is further arranged on the internal water storage tank;
(7) a rainwater collecting system is arranged around the roof in the step (3), the rainwater collecting system is connected to external water storage tanks on two sides of the airing room, and filtering components are arranged in the external water storage tanks and are connected with the internal water storage tanks through circulating pipelines;
(8) the windows in the step (3) are positioned at the front and the back of the airing room, the length is 1.8m, the width is 1m, 4 shading and rain shielding outer windows which can be opened controllably are arranged at the back, and 2 shading and rain shielding outer windows corresponding to the upper parts of the back are arranged above the front;
(9) the room door is positioned at the lower part of the front surface of the airing room;
(10) the automatic control system in the step (1) comprises a master controller positioned on the outer wall of the airing room, the environment monitoring system, the spraying pipeline system, the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly, the airing rod driving system, the sliding door and the shading outer window which are respectively and electrically connected with the master controller.
(11) This full-automatic room air current distribution that dries in air of cigar is even, the space utilizes rationally, can air in batches system cigar tobacco leaf, to the difference of tobacco leaf environmental requirement under different periods, can carry out the automatic adjustment of temperature, humidity and ventilation, not only can adjust the inside environment in room that dries in the air, also can adjust the outside environment all around in room that dries in the air, the high-quality cigar system environment of drying in the air of better simulation foreign, the inside and outside adjustment that combines, make the effect of tobacco leaf system of drying in the air better, the rotten of tobacco leaf has been reduced.
(12) And (6) the spraying pipeline system comprises an internal spraying component and an external spraying component, the humidity inside the air-curing room can be regulated, the humidity outside the air-curing room can also be regulated, for example, after the external spraying component sprays, the air-curing room can be positioned in an environment surrounded by fog, a natural humidity environment is simulated, so that the internal humidity and the external humidity can be kept consistent within a certain time, and the requirements of tobacco leaves on quality at different stages are facilitated.
(13) The rainwater collection system in the step (7) can collect natural rainwater, collect the natural rainwater in the external water storage tank for filtering and storing, and pump filtered purified water into the internal water storage tank for spraying, so that water resources can be saved, and waste is reduced; the internal water storage tank can supply water for spraying, can reduce the temperature in the air-curing room under the action of the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly, regulate and control the room temperature, and can form a good heat insulation and heat dissipation environment at the roof, so that the influence of external high temperature on the natural air-curing of tobacco leaves is avoided.
(14) The drying rod driving system in the step (10) can automatically lift tobacco leaves on each layer of drying rods simultaneously through the arrangement of the moving assembly and the driving assembly, so that the manual labor is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; under the temperature and humidity regulation and control of the airing room, the temperature and humidity at different height positions in the airing room are different, so that the requirements of tobacco leaves with different airing degrees on the environment can be met.
(15) The arrangement of the master controller in the step (10) is convenient for controlling all electrical elements in the airing room, such as the opening of a fan, the opening and closing of spraying, the lifting of an airing rod, the opening and closing control of doors and windows and the like; the opening and closing functions of the doors and the windows are directly utilized, single or multiple doors and windows can be opened by combining the external environment state, or the doors and the windows can be opened in any size according to needs, so that tobacco leaves with different heights can be interacted with the external environment, and the formation of the quality and the flavor of the tobacco leaves is facilitated.
(16) The ventilation system of the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly in the step (10) comprises front and rear windows of a drying room, a sliding door, fans arranged on a wall body and a drying rack, and fans flexibly arranged on the fans, wherein the fans are respectively connected with a control system, and the ventilation quantity is adjusted by opening and closing the fans;
(17) the wall fans are arranged in the wall, the front wall and the rear wall are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part, the back wall is positioned in the middle of the wall, the fan on the front wall is positioned in the middle, the lower fan is positioned at one side of a sliding door and is hung below the second beam and the fourth beam of the first layer and the fourth layer, the power is 150-fold and 180w, the wind directions are the same and are vertical to the smoke drying beams, and the wind direction in the air drying room is ensured to be forward and backward or backward and forward;
(18) and (3) empty room test: after the air-drying room is provided with the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the wind speed sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the wind speed sensor are started at random, namely: detecting the wind speed and the temperature and humidity (the wind speed may be zero) of each point under the condition that the door and the window of the airing room and the fan are completely closed; opening doors and windows of the airing room, but closing the fan, and detecting the wind speed and the temperature and humidity of each point; and (4) opening doors, windows and fans of the airing room, and detecting the wind speed and the temperature and humidity of each point. And comparing the difference of the wind speed and the temperature and the humidity between each layer and between five points, providing a basis for the distribution of the air-drying room fan and doors and windows, and adjusting the position of the air-drying rack fan in the air-drying room according to an experimental result.
(19) And (16) the air blowers on the drying racks in the step (16) are used for directly and flexibly arranging the pumping and exhausting air blowers on each drying rack according to an empty room test, are more targeted, and can be used for independently regulating and controlling the ventilation volume and the air speed condition in each layer or each area, so that the independent regulation of the drying environment of the tobacco leaves in each area is facilitated, the regulation mode of large opening and closing is avoided, the waste is reduced, and the mutual influence among the tobacco leaves in different batches during drying is also avoided.
(20) The inner spraying assembly in the step (12) comprises a plurality of spraying pipelines arranged below the room beam, a plurality of rotary spraying heads are connected below the spraying pipelines and are respectively provided with corresponding control valves, and the spraying pipelines are communicated to the inner water storage tank; the external spraying assembly comprises an external spraying pipeline extending to the outside along the house beam, the external spraying pipeline is communicated with the spraying pipeline and is also provided with a control valve, the end part of the external spraying pipeline is connected with an external rotary spraying head, and the external rotary spraying head, the rotary spraying head and the control valve are respectively and electrically connected with the master controller;
(21) the spraying pipeline and the external spraying pipeline in the step (6) are connected and built along the house beam, so that the connection stability can be ensured conveniently; each spray head is provided with a control valve respectively, so that independent control is facilitated, and the control valves can be electromagnetic valves.
(22) The internal water storage tank is annularly arranged, a plurality of layers of radiating fins are arranged on the annular inner periphery of the internal water storage tank, and the radiating fins are provided with hollow inner cavities and communicated with the internal water storage tank;
(23) and (10) the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly further comprises a ventilation fan hung below the roof, wherein the ventilation fan is arranged above the plurality of cooling fins and is coaxially arranged with the internal water storage tank. Adopt annular inside water storage box, can utilize the annular space to set up the fin, make it when supplying water, play the effect of heat dissipation and adjusting the temperature, hydroenergy in the inside water storage box enough gets into in the fin under the effect of ventilation fan, make the process the air current at inside water storage box middle part obtains rapid cooling.
(24) And (23) the ventilating fan extends into the annular space of the internal water storage tank, the radiating fins are fan-shaped sheets, each layer of radiating fins are respectively arranged in central symmetry, and the radiating fins on the upper layer and the lower layer are distributed in a staggered manner. The arrangement structure is simple, and the heat dissipation effect is good.
(25) And (24) the roof is a sloping roof, the edge of the roof is provided with an eave, the rainwater collection system comprises a diversion trench arranged in the eave and water receiving trays positioned on two sides below the eave, and the water receiving trays are connected with the external water storage tank through rainwater pipelines. The arrangement of the eave and the diversion trench can lead rainwater to be collected and flow into the rainwater pipeline through the water receiving disc to reach the external water storage tank; the end part of the longitudinal part of the house beam penetrates out of the airing house, so that the house beam is used for supporting the eave on one hand, and the installation of the external spraying pipeline is facilitated on the other hand.
(26) The filter assembly in the step (7) comprises a detachable filter screen layer, a sand filter layer and an active adsorption layer which are arranged in the external water storage tank from top to bottom, and cache intervals are arranged among the filter screen layer, the sand filter layer and the active adsorption layer; a water pump is arranged in the water purification area below the active adsorption layer and is connected with the circulating pipeline; and a cover capable of being opened and closed is arranged above the external water storage tank.
(27) Step (26) the filter screen layer can filter large impurities, and the impurities can be periodically cleaned and taken out manually; the sand filtering layer can further filter rainwater and filter silt in the rainwater; the active adsorption layer can adsorb harmful substances in rainwater, purify the rainwater, enable the collected rainwater to be used for spraying and humidifying, and also can reduce pathogenic bacteria breeding in the internal water storage tank. The active adsorption layer is filled active carbon or active adsorbent.
(28) The airing rod driving system is provided with lifting rods, and the lifting rods are independently arranged or detachably and rotatably connected below the airing rods on the same layer; the moving assembly comprises lifting frames arranged on two sides of the airing frame in the length direction, electric push rods are respectively arranged at two ends of each lifting frame, and the electric push rods are detachably clamped or magnetically attracted with the end parts of the lifting rods; the lifting frame is connected with the driving assembly through a telescopic hanging rod or a hanging rope, the driving assembly is a driving motor or a winch which is fixedly arranged on the house beam, and the driving motor, the winch and an actuator of the electric push rod are all electrically connected with the master controller.
(29) When the airing rod is normally aired, the lifting rod can be taken down or can be directly abutted and connected below the airing rod; when the whole layer of aired tobacco leaves needs to be lifted to the upper layer, the lifting frames are controlled to be arranged on two sides of the airing frame, the electric push rods extend out to be in butt joint with the end parts of the lifting rods, the airing rods are integrally lifted, and at the moment, the overall rectangular layout is kept; meanwhile, the electric push rods at the opposite corners are extended to enable the pair of lifting rods to move in parallel to form a parallelogram layout, at the moment, the airing rods are inclined due to the fact that the two ends of the airing rods are displaced, and then the airing rods are located between the pair of horizontal rods of the airing frame, so that tobacco leaves can be lifted up and down integrally without obstacles, and under the action of electric control, the tobacco leaf lifting device is convenient, fast, time-saving and labor-saving.
(30) The end part of the electric push rod and the end part of the lifting rod are respectively provided with an electric magnetic suction joint; the lifting rods are abutted against the lower parts of the airing rods on the same layer, and at least two parts of each lifting rod are connected with the airing rods through rotating shafts; the airing rack is further provided with a plurality of grooves at intervals, the grooves are used for placing the ends of the airing rods, the movement of the airing rods during airing is reduced, and the airing rods can be round rods or rectangular rods.
(31) And (10) the environment monitoring system comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a wind speed sensor which are electrically connected with the master controller.
(32) The cigar tobacco leaf airing method in the step (1) comprises a leaf weaving method and an airing period temperature and humidity adjusting method;
(33) the leaf weaving method in the step (32) requires that the test tobacco leaves must be selected to be normal-growing and undamaged, and the variety, the position, the batch and the like are consistent.
(34) And (32) stacking all the tobacco leaves for 12-24 hours after harvesting, wherein the stacking method is that the tobacco leaves are stacked obliquely at an angle of 60-80 degrees with the leaf bases downward and the leaf tips upward.
(35) And (32) penetrating the leaves by using a No. 18 iron wire and binding the leaves on the airing rod, wherein the distance between every two leaves is more than 10cm (the two leaves are close to each other in a back direction), and the distance between every two leaves is more than 10cm (the leaves are not connected after a leaf winding drum).
(36) And (32) adjusting the temperature and humidity in the airing period by adjusting the temperature and humidity in four periods, namely a withering period, a yellowing period, a browning period and a gluten drying period.
(37) Withering period: the time is 3-5 days, the leaves are completely softened, withered and withered, and the leaf edges of the leaf tips turn yellow. The withering frame can be built around the field by using trees, bamboo poles and topographic conditions, and also can be withered by using facilities such as a drying room, the whole water content of the withered leaves is 80-85%, and the water content of the leaves is about 5% lower than that of main veins. The tobacco leaves of the cigar tobacco must be withered, the ideal withering state is a key link of the airing, and the phenomena of 'dead green', 'dead tip burnt edge' and 'green spot', which are caused by rapid water loss of the tobacco leaves due to long-time direct sunlight, high-temperature burn, too fast wind speed and the like, are avoided.
(38) And (3) yellowing stage: the time is 5-8 days. The color of the leaves is completely reduced and yellow. The relative humidity is kept between 80 and 85 percent. Humidity is adjusted through opening and closing doors and windows, and the distance of the tobacco rods is adjusted to assist in adjustment when necessary. In the high-temperature dry weather from 7 late ten months to 8 months, under the condition that the humidity in the door and window and the airing house cannot be regulated and controlled by opening and closing, the humidity is kept by adopting methods such as ground watering or humidifier humidifying.
(39) The browning stage: the time is 5-10 days. The tobacco leaves turn yellow and brown completely, and the leaf tips and leaf edges begin to dry. The humidity is 75-80%. The regulation and control method is the same as the yellowing stage. In rainy days, the leaves turn black and mildew due to overhigh humidity.
(40) And (3) a tendon drying period: the tobacco leaf color is further deepened, and the pulse is completely dry. The relative humidity in the airing room is kept between 40 and 50 percent. The time is about 10 days. In rainy days, the moisture is forcibly discharged by methods such as an exhaust fan, heating and the like, so that the phenomena of mildewing and rotting of the tobacco leaves are avoided.
(41) And in the browning period and the dry tendon period, under the condition that the humidity cannot be ensured in continuous sunny days and the like, a humidity is maintained by adopting a room airing and moisturizing system.
(42) And (5) putting the product on shelves for storage. When the floating green on the surface of the tobacco leaves is not further reduced and the tobacco leaves are remoistened to 21-23%, the tobacco leaves are put on shelves to develop the tobacco leaf spreading and agricultural fermentation.
(43) After about 45 days of air-curing, the high-quality cigar tobacco leaves which are more than cigar tobacco leaves air-cured by other modes can be obtained. More criteria for good quality cigar wrapper tobacco: the green spots and green tobacco leaves in the air-curing house are less; the color of the tobacco leaves in the airing room is more complete, consistent and uniform.
(44) Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the full-automatic cigar airing room is reasonable in space utilization, cigar tobacco leaves can be aired in batches, automatic adjustment of temperature, humidity and ventilation can be performed according to different environmental requirements of the tobacco leaves at different periods, the internal environment of the airing room can be adjusted, the external surrounding environment of the airing room can also be adjusted, and adjustment is performed in an internal and external combination mode, so that the tobacco leaf airing effect is better, and the rottenness of the tobacco leaves is reduced; 2. when the window is opened, the window plate can shield the sunshine in the morning and evening in sunny days and shield the drifting rain in rainy days, so that mildew and black spots caused by dead green smoke, quick dry smoke and rain water generated by direct irradiation of the sunshine to the tobacco leaves are avoided, and the airing quality of the tobacco leaves is improved; 3. the spraying pipeline system is provided with an internal spraying component and an external spraying component, so that the airing room can be in an environment surrounded by fog, and a natural humidity environment can be simulated; 4. the rainwater collection system can collect natural rainwater, so that waste is reduced; the internal water storage tank can supply water for spraying, and can also reduce the temperature in the airing room under the action of the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly to regulate and control the room temperature; 5. through the arrangement of the moving assembly and the driving assembly, tobacco leaves on each layer of the airing rods can be automatically lifted at the same time, so that the manual labor is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; 6. the pumping and exhausting fans are directly arranged on the drying racks, so that the air volume and the air speed conditions in each layer or each area can be independently regulated and controlled, the independent regulation of the drying environment of the tobacco leaves in each area is facilitated, the regulation mode of large opening and large closing is avoided, the waste is reduced, and the mutual influence among different batches of tobacco leaves during drying is also avoided; 7. the importance of the wilting period and the requirements of key operation indexes are found and indicated for the first time, and the airing is performed by using natural conditions with more attention in the past literature for the first time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall outline view of a fully automatic cigar airing house according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an internal rack of a fully automatic cigar airing room according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a fully automatic cigar airing house according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partial cross-section of the roof of a fully automatic cigar airing house according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the arrangement of a pumping fan on an air-drying rack of the fully automatic cigar airing room of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a first tier rack of a fully automatic cigar airing house according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the rack moving assembly and the driving assembly of the fully automatic cigar airing room according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the rotation state of the airing rods on the airing rack of the fully automatic cigar airing room of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 7;
in the figure: 1. airing the house; 2. a roof; 201. an eave; 202. a diversion trench; 3. a house beam; 4. airing the clothes; 401. a column; 402. a horizontal bar; 5. airing the rods; 6. a sliding door; 601. a light-shielding outer window; 7. a pumping and exhausting fan; 8. a spray line; 801. rotating the spray head; 9. an external spray line; 901. an external rotary spray head; 10. an internal water reservoir; 11. a heat sink; 12. a ventilating fan; 13. a boom; 14. an external water storage tank; 15. a water pan; 16. a rainwater pipeline; 17. a water pump; 18. a circulation line; 19. a screen layer; 20. a sand filtration layer; 21. an active adsorption layer; 22. a master controller; 23. a hanger; 24. a lifting bar; 25. a hoisting frame; 26. an electric push rod; 27. an electric magnetic suction joint; 28. a lifting rope; 29. a hoisting motor; 30. a rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a fully automatic cigar drying room comprises a drying room 1, a criss-cross beam 3 is arranged above the drying room 1, a roof 2 is arranged above the beam 3, a plurality of drying racks 4 are arranged in the drying room 1, drying rods 5 capable of automatically moving are arranged on the drying racks 4, moving components detachably connected with the drying rods 5 are arranged on two sides of the drying racks 4, the moving components are connected with driving components arranged on the beam 3, and a plurality of exhaust fans 7 are arranged below the drying rods 5; a spraying pipeline system is arranged below the house beam 3, and comprises an internal spraying component positioned above the airing frame 4 and an external spraying component extending to the outside of the airing room 1; an internal water storage tank 10 is arranged above the house beam 3, the internal water storage tank 10 is connected with the spraying pipeline system, and a ventilation and heat dissipation assembly is further arranged on the internal water storage tank 10; a rainwater collecting system is arranged around the roof 2 and connected to external water storage tanks 14 at two sides of the airing room 1, and a filtering component is arranged in the external water storage tanks 14 and connected with the internal water storage tank 10 through a circulating pipeline 18; the back of the air-curing room 1 is provided with four light-shading outer windows 601 which can be controlled to be opened, the lower part of the front of the air-curing room 1 is provided with a sliding door 6, the left part and the right part of the upper part of the front of the air-curing room 1 are provided with two light-shading outer windows 601 which can be controlled to be opened, the outer wall of the air-curing room 1 is also provided with a master controller 22, and the pumping and exhausting fan 7, the spraying pipeline system, the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly, the sliding door 6 and a switch actuator of the light-shading outer window 601 are respectively electrically connected with the master controller 22.
This full-automatic room space that dries in air of cigar utilizes rationally, can air in batches the system cigar tobacco leaf, to the difference of tobacco leaf environmental requirement under different periods, can carry out the automatic adjustment of temperature, humidity and ventilation, not only can adjust the inside environment in room that dries in the air, also can adjust the outside environment all around in room that dries in the air, the adjustment of inside and outside combination for the effect of tobacco leaf system of drying in the air is better, has reduced the rotten mould of tobacco leaf.
Will the spraying pipe-line system sets up to inside spraying subassembly and outside spraying subassembly, can regulate and control the humidity of airing room 1 inside, also can regulate and control the humidity of airing room 1 outside, for example outside spraying subassembly spraying back, can let airing room 1 is in the environment that the fog surrounds, and the humidity environment of simulation nature can let inside and outside humidity keep unanimous in the certain time like this, is favorable to the tobacco leaf to the requirement of quality in different stages.
The rainwater collection system can collect natural rainwater, collect the natural rainwater in the external water storage tank 14, filter and store the rainwater, and pump filtered purified water into the internal water storage tank 10 to spray the rainwater, so that water resources can be saved and waste is reduced; the internal water storage tank 10 can supply water for spraying, can reduce the temperature in the air-curing room under the action of the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly, regulate and control the room temperature, and can form a good heat insulation and heat dissipation environment at the roof, so that the influence of external high temperature on the natural air-curing of tobacco leaves is avoided.
The airing frames 4 and the airing rods 5 are used for placing tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves with complete rows are tied to the airing rods 5 after being penetrated through iron wires, two pieces of one-fourth-twelve-fifth-twelve-fourth-twelve-four-fourth-twelve-four-fourth-twelve-four; the airing rods 5 are arranged to be automatically movable, so that tobacco leaves on different layers can be conveniently switched, the tobacco leaves are usually aired layer by layer from a low layer to a high layer, the newly-fed tobacco leaves are placed on one layer, the tobacco leaves aired on one layer can rise to two layers after a period of time, and the like, and in the process, the tobacco leaves on each layer of the airing rods can be automatically lifted simultaneously through the arrangement of the moving assembly and the driving assembly, so that the manual labor is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; under the temperature and humidity regulation and control of the airing room, the temperature and humidity at different height positions in the airing room are different, so that the requirements of tobacco leaves with different airing degrees on the environment can be met.
The master controller 22 is arranged to control all electrical components in the drying room 1, such as the opening of a fan, the opening and closing of spraying, the lifting of a drying rod, the opening and closing control of doors and windows, and the like; the opening and closing functions of the door and the window are directly utilized, the sunshade outer window with any position and size can be opened in combination with the external environment state, tobacco leaves with different heights can be made to interact with the external environment, and therefore the tobacco leaf opening and closing device is also beneficial to the formation of tobacco leaf quality and flavor.
The pumping and exhausting fans 7 are directly arranged on the drying racks 4, so that the air volume and the air speed conditions in each layer or each area can be independently regulated and controlled, the independent regulation of the drying environment of the tobacco leaves in each area is facilitated, the regulation mode of large opening and large closing is avoided, the waste is reduced, and the mutual influence among the tobacco leaves in different batches during drying is also avoided.
The shading outer window 601 can be opened outwards on the outer wall of the airing room 1, on one hand, ventilation can be achieved, on the other hand, sun shading can be achieved, the tobacco leaves are prevented from being irradiated by sunlight, and the airing quality of the tobacco leaves is guaranteed. The shading outer windows 601 are only arranged in the front-back direction of the airing room, and are also used for being matched with the exhaust fan 7, so that the best ventilation and heat dissipation are achieved, and meanwhile, the number and the power of the exhaust fan 7 can be set to be the lowest, and the energy is saved. The shading outer window 601 is controlled to be opened and closed through an electric push rod.
Preferably, the airing room 1 and the roof 2 are both assembled by engineering plates made of heat-insulating materials, so that the whole airing room 1 has heat-insulating and heat-insulating effects.
Further, the internal spraying assembly comprises a plurality of spraying pipelines 8 arranged below the beam 3, a plurality of rotary spraying heads 801 are connected below the spraying pipelines 8 and are respectively provided with corresponding control valves, and the spraying pipelines 8 are communicated to the internal water storage tank 10; the external spraying assembly comprises an external spraying pipeline 9 extending to the outside along the room beam 3, the external spraying pipeline 9 is communicated with the spraying pipeline 8 and is also provided with a control valve, an external rotary spraying head 901 is connected to the end part of the external spraying pipeline 9, and the external rotary spraying head 901, the rotary spraying head 801 and the control valve are respectively and electrically connected with the master controller 22.
The spraying pipeline 8 and the external spraying pipeline 9 are connected and built along the house beam 3, so that the connection stability can be ensured conveniently; each spray head is provided with a control valve respectively, so that independent control is facilitated, and the control valves can be electromagnetic valves.
Further, the internal water storage tank 10 is arranged annularly, a plurality of layers of radiating fins 11 are arranged on the annular inner periphery of the internal water storage tank 10, and the radiating fins 11 are provided with hollow inner cavities and are communicated with the internal water storage tank 10; the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly further comprises a ventilation fan 12 hung below the roof 1, wherein the ventilation fan 12 is arranged above the plurality of cooling fins 11 and coaxially arranged with the internal water storage tank 10.
Adopt annular inside water storage box 10, can utilize the annular space to set up the fin, make it when supplying water, play the effect of heat dissipation and adjusting the temperature, hydroenergy in the inside water storage box 10 can get into in the fin 11 under the effect of ventilation fan 12, make the process the air current in the middle part of inside water storage box 10 obtains rapid cooling.
Furthermore, the ventilating fan 12 extends into the annular space of the internal water storage tank 10, the radiating fins 11 are fan-shaped sheets, the radiating fins 11 on each layer are respectively arranged in a central symmetry manner, and the radiating fins 11 on the upper layer and the lower layer are distributed in a staggered manner. The arrangement structure is simple, and the heat dissipation effect is good.
Further, roof 2 is the slope top, roof 2's edge has eave 201, rainwater collection system is including setting up guiding gutter 202 in eave 201, and be located eave 201 below both sides's water collector 15, water collector 15 pass through rainwater pipeline 16 with outside water storage tank 14 is connected.
The eave 201 and the diversion trench 202 are arranged to collect rainwater and flow into the rainwater pipeline 16 through the water pan 15 to the external water storage tank 14; the end of the longitudinal part of the beam 3 penetrates out of the airing room 1, on one hand, the beam is used for supporting the eave 201, and on the other hand, the external spray pipeline 9 is convenient to install.
Further, the filter assembly comprises a detachable filter screen layer 19, a sand filter layer 20 and an active adsorption layer 21 which are arranged in the external water storage tank 14 from top to bottom, and buffer intervals are arranged among the filter screen layer 19, the sand filter layer 20 and the active adsorption layer 21; a water pump 17 is arranged in the water purification area below the active adsorption layer 21 and is connected with the circulating pipeline 18; a cover which can be opened and closed is arranged above the external water storage tank 14.
The filter screen layer 19 can filter large impurities, and the impurities can be periodically cleaned and taken out manually; the sand filtering layer 20 can further filter rainwater and filter silt in the rainwater; the active adsorption layer 21 can adsorb harmful substances in rainwater, purify the rainwater, enable the collected rainwater to be used for spraying and humidifying, and also can reduce breeding of germs in the internal water storage tank 10. The active adsorption layer 21 is filled active carbon and active adsorbent.
Further, the pumping fans 7 are arranged in pairs, two pairs of the pumping fans 7 are arranged on each layer of the drying rack 4 at least at intervals, and the pumping fans 7 are installed below the horizontal rods 402 of the drying rack 4 through hangers 23.
The pumping fan installed by the hanger 23 can be directly used for pumping and exhausting air between tobacco leaves on one hand, is convenient to install and disassemble on the other hand, and can be adjusted in installation position according to environmental changes.
Further, a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensors and wind speed sensors electrically connected with the master controller 22 are arranged in the airing room 1.
By comparing the airing effects of the full-automatic cigar airing room and the traditional airing room in the following table 1, the full-automatic usable tobacco yield ratio is 72.12 percent and the traditional airing room is 51.93 percent under the premise that tobacco leaves with the same scale are aired; the proportion of the green spot tobacco, rotten tobacco, steamed tobacco and floating green tobacco which are produced by airing in the full-automatic airing house is 27.88%, and the proportion of the tobacco which is produced in the traditional airing house is 48.07%; the traditional air-curing barn is easy to form green spot tobacco, rotten mildew tobacco, steamed tobacco flakes and floating green tobacco due to unsmooth moisture discharge, and the full-automatic air-curing barn thoroughly solves the problems of rotten mildew tobacco and quick-dry tobacco in the air-curing process. Through the comparison experiment, when the tobacco leaves are aired, more usable tobacco leaf eggplant coats can be produced in the full-automatic air-curing room, the occurrence of problems of green tobacco, rotten tobacco and the like in the air-curing process is reduced, and multiple advantages of the full-automatic air-curing room in the air-curing aspect of cigar cigarettes in comparison with the traditional air-curing room are fully verified.
TABLE 1 grading summary table for special-purpose drying room for eggplant and tobacco leaf dried in traditional drying room
Example two:
this embodiment provides a specific structure of the driving assembly and the moving assembly in the first embodiment.
The airing rack 4 comprises a plurality of upright posts 401, a plurality of layers of horizontal rods 402 are connected to the upright posts 401, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, lifting rods 24 are further arranged on the inner side of the airing rack 4, and the lifting rods 24 are detachably and rotatably connected below the airing rods 5 on the same layer; the moving assembly comprises lifting frames 25 arranged on two sides of the airing frame 4 in the length direction, electric push rods 26 are respectively arranged at two ends of each lifting frame 25, and the output ends of the electric push rods 26 are in magnetic attraction connection with the end parts of the lifting rods 24; the lifting frame 25 is connected with the driving component through a lifting rope 28, the driving component is a hoisting motor 29 fixedly arranged on the house beam 3, and the hoisting motor 29 and the actuator of the electric push rod 26 are both electrically connected with the master controller 22.
When the airing is normally carried out, the lifting rod 24 can be taken down or can be directly abutted and connected below the airing rod 5; when the whole layer of aired tobacco leaves needs to be lifted to the upper layer, the lifting frames 25 are controlled to be arranged at two sides of the airing frame 4, the electric push rods 26 extend out to be in butt joint with the end parts of the lifting rods 24, the airing rods 5 are integrally lifted to be separated from the horizontal rods 402 of the layer, and at the moment, the overall rectangular layout is kept; simultaneously extending the electric push rods 26 at the opposite corners to enable the pair of lifting rods 24 to move in parallel to form a parallelogram layout (see fig. 9), wherein at the moment, the airing rods 5 are inclined due to the displacement of the two ends of the airing rods 5, so that the airing rods 5 are located between the pair of horizontal rods 402 of the airing rack 4, and thus the airing rods 5 can be integrally lifted up and down without obstacles to move between the horizontal rods 402 at the upper layer, continuously controlling the electric push rods 26 to extend and retract to the same length, at the moment, the airing rods 5 are restored to the rectangular layout, stably dropping the airing rods 5 to be stopped on the horizontal rods 402 at the previous time, releasing the magnetic attraction to complete the transfer of the whole layer of airing rods 5; under the action of electric control, the device is convenient, quick, time-saving and labor-saving.
Further, an electric magnetic suction joint 27 is respectively arranged at the end part of the electric push rod 26 and the end part of the lifting rod 24; the lifting rods 24 abut against the lower side of the airing rods 5 on the same layer, and as shown in fig. 10, two positions of each lifting rod 24 are connected with the airing rods 5 through rotating shafts 30, so that the lifting rods 24 and the airing rods 5 can rotate relatively, but the connecting positions are not changed, and the restoring is convenient.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A full-automatic cigar airing room comprises an airing room body, wherein criss-cross room beams are arranged above the airing room body, and a roof is arranged above the room beams; a spraying pipeline system is arranged below the house beam and comprises an internal spraying assembly positioned above the airing rack and an external spraying assembly extending to the outside of the airing room; an internal water storage tank is arranged above the house beam and is connected with the spraying pipeline system, and a ventilation and heat dissipation assembly is further arranged on the internal water storage tank; a rainwater collecting system is arranged around the roof and connected to external water storage tanks on two sides of the airing room, and filtering components are arranged in the external water storage tanks and connected with the internal water storage tanks through circulating pipelines; the back of the air-curing room is provided with a plurality of controllable opening shading external windows, the lower part of the front of the air-curing room is provided with a sliding door, the upper part of the front of the air-curing room is also provided with a plurality of controllable opening shading external windows, the outer wall of the air-curing room is also provided with a master controller, and the pumping and exhausting fan, the spraying pipeline system, the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly, the sliding door and the shading external windows are respectively and electrically connected with the master controller;
the inner spraying assembly comprises a plurality of spraying pipelines arranged below the house beam, a plurality of rotary spraying heads are connected below the spraying pipelines and are respectively provided with corresponding control valves, and the spraying pipelines are communicated to the inner water storage tank; outside spraying subassembly includes the edge the room roof beam extends to outside spraying pipeline, outside spraying pipeline with spraying pipeline intercommunication also is equipped with the control valve, the end connection of outside spraying pipeline has outside rotatory atomising head, outside rotatory atomising head with the control valve respectively with the total controller electricity is connected.
2. The fully automatic cigar airing house according to claim 1, wherein the inner water storage tanks are arranged in a ring shape, and the inner ring-shaped periphery of the inner water storage tanks is provided with a plurality of layers of cooling fins which are provided with hollow inner cavities and communicated with the inner water storage tanks; the ventilation and heat dissipation assembly further comprises a ventilation fan which is hung below the roof, and the ventilation fan is arranged above the plurality of cooling fins and coaxially arranged with the internal water storage tank.
3. The fully automatic cigar airing room as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ventilating fan extends into the annular space of the internal water storage tank, the heat dissipation fins are fan-shaped and sheet-shaped, each layer of heat dissipation fins are arranged in a central symmetry mode, and the heat dissipation fins on the upper layer and the lower layer are distributed in a staggered mode.
4. The fully automatic cigar airing room according to claim 1, wherein the roof is a sloping roof, the edge of the roof is provided with an eave, the rainwater collection system comprises a diversion trench arranged in the eave, and water receiving trays arranged on two sides below the eave, and the water receiving trays are connected with the external water storage tank through rainwater pipelines.
5. The cigar full-automatic airing room according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the filter assembly comprises a detachable filter screen layer, a sand filter layer and an active adsorption layer which are arranged in the external water storage tank from top to bottom, and buffer intervals are arranged among the filter screen layer, the sand filter layer and the active adsorption layer; a water pump is arranged in the water purification area below the active adsorption layer and is connected with the circulating pipeline; and a cover capable of being opened and closed is arranged above the external water storage tank.
6. The fully automatic cigar airing room according to claim 1, wherein the pumping fans are arranged in pairs, two pairs of pumping fans are arranged on each layer of the airing rack at intervals, and the pumping fans are installed below the airing rack through hangers.
7. The fully automatic cigar airing room according to claim 1, wherein lifting rods are further arranged on the inner sides of the airing racks, and are independently equipped or detachably and rotatably connected below the airing rods on the same layer; the moving assembly comprises lifting frames arranged on two sides of the airing frame in the length direction, electric push rods are respectively arranged at two ends of each lifting frame, and the electric push rods are detachably clamped or magnetically attracted with the end parts of the lifting rods; the lifting frame is connected with the driving assembly through a telescopic hanging rod or a hanging rope, the driving assembly is a driving motor or a winch which is fixedly arranged on the house beam, and the driving motor, the winch and an actuator of the electric push rod are all electrically connected with the master controller.
8. The fully automatic cigar airing room according to claim 7, wherein the end of the electric push rod and the end of the lifting rod are respectively provided with an electric magnetic suction joint; the lifting rods are abutted against the lower parts of the airing rods on the same layer, and at least two parts of each lifting rod are connected with the airing rods through rotating shafts; the airing rack is further provided with a plurality of grooves at intervals, and the grooves are used for placing the end parts of the airing rods.
9. The fully automatic cigar airing room according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensors and wind speed sensors electrically connected with the master controller are further arranged in the airing room; the airing method for airing the tobacco leaves in the airing room mainly comprises a leaf weaving method and an airing period temperature and humidity adjusting method, and comprises temperature and humidity adjustment in four periods, namely a withering period, a yellowing period, a browning period and a drying period.
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| FR2347872A1 (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1977-11-10 | Veysseyre Paul | Air dryer for plants or skins - has open housing with rails slidably supporting frames onto which objects are hooked |
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| CN111296881A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-19 | 中国烟草总公司海南省公司 | Temperature-controllable and humidity-controllable cigar tobacco leaf special airing room and airing method |
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- 2021-08-25 CN CN202110981755.4A patent/CN113768179B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2347872A1 (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1977-11-10 | Veysseyre Paul | Air dryer for plants or skins - has open housing with rails slidably supporting frames onto which objects are hooked |
| EP2949838A1 (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2015-12-02 | Souza Cruz S.A. | Shed for curing and drying of tobacco and development and production of seedlings |
| CN207420146U (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-05-29 | 国网新疆电力公司电力科学研究院 | Semi-open environment steel construction room |
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