CN113757678A - High-efficient pyrolysis gasifier of domestic waste - Google Patents
High-efficient pyrolysis gasifier of domestic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113757678A CN113757678A CN202111088318.6A CN202111088318A CN113757678A CN 113757678 A CN113757678 A CN 113757678A CN 202111088318 A CN202111088318 A CN 202111088318A CN 113757678 A CN113757678 A CN 113757678A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency pyrolysis gasification furnace for household garbage, and relates to the field of resource low-carbon treatment and equipment manufacturing of household garbage. Comprises a drying system, a pyrolysis gasification system, a pyrolysis gas premixing combustion chamber, an air distribution system and a slag discharge system. The top of the gasification furnace is provided with a feed inlet with a furnace cover and a water sealing structure, so that the feeding and sealing functions are realized; the interior of the furnace is divided into three sections, the upper section is a drying system and a premixed combustion system which are of a jacket structure, the drying system and the premixed combustion system occupy 2/3 of the total height space in the furnace body, the drying system is on the inner layer, and the premixed combustion system is on the outer layer; the middle section is a pyrolysis gasification system, the diameter of the pyrolysis gasification system is consistent with that of the premixed combustion system, and the pyrolysis gasification system occupies 1/5 of the total height space in the furnace body; the lower section is a pyrolysis tailing discharge system which is provided with a rotary grate and a water-sealed deslagging structure; the air supplementing system is connected with the premixed combustion system and the pyrolysis gasification system of the pyrolysis gasification furnace through an air quantity balance valve and a pipeline to provide pyrolysis and secondary combustion air.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste treatment technology and equipment manufacturing, in particular to a high-efficiency pyrolysis gasification furnace for household garbage.
Background
Along with the development of economy in China, the living standard of people is improved, the components of garbage waste are greatly changed, organic matters containing paper products, rubber, plastic products, wood products and the like are obviously improved, pyrolysis gasification treatment is possible, the problem of recycling of the garbage and the solid waste is difficult to completely solve by treating the solid waste in the traditional incineration, landfill and composting modes, and the pyrolysis gasification technology becomes a future treatment technology with higher hot spots in recent years.
In recent years, technologies such as pyrolysis gasification and plasma melting are adopted to treat domestic garbage and biomass garbage to bring good treatment effect, but the domestic garbage has complex components, so that the problems of high operation difficulty, low treatment efficiency, incomplete residue treatment and the like of a domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification device exist; the plasma melting technology has the disadvantages of high operation cost and difficult commercial operation and popularization.
Aiming at the problem of short plate of the current household garbage pyrolysis gasification device, the household garbage high-efficiency pyrolysis gasification furnace developed by the invention is improved and upgraded with the structure of the existing pyrolysis gasification device, can greatly improve the treatment capacity, has important practical significance and has better application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The device aims to overcome the defect that the conventional domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification technology is short in treatment efficiency, achieves the effect of universal application cost performance, and solves the embarrassment problem of difficulty in commercial operation and popularization.
The invention relates to a high-efficiency household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace which is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency household garbage pyrolysis gasifier comprises a feeding port, a drying system, a pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system, a pyrolysis gasification system, a slag discharge system and an air distribution system, wherein the feeding port is arranged at the top of a furnace body and is provided with a furnace cover and a water seal; the drying system and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system are arranged at the upper section in the furnace, below the feeding port and in a jacket structure; the pyrolysis gasification system is arranged at the middle section in the furnace, below the drying system and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system, and is of a vat-shaped structure; the lower part of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system is provided with a cyclone plate, and the bottom of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system is provided with a fish scale hole furnace wall to separate the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system from the pyrolysis gasification system; the slag discharging system is arranged at the lower section in the furnace and is provided with a rotary grate, a slag discharging hopper and a chilling water pool; the air distribution system is an external system, is provided with a fan and an air quantity balance valve, and is connected with the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system and the slag discharge system through pipelines.
The pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system is arranged at the upper section of the furnace body, is in a double-layer jacket form with the drying system, and is separated from the drying system through an inner furnace wall; a waste gas guide outlet is arranged at the upper parts of the pyrolysis gas premixing combustion system and the outer furnace wall, a combustion-supporting air supply port is arranged at the lower part of the pyrolysis gas premixing combustion system and the outer furnace wall, a rotational flow plate is arranged above the inner part of the combustion-supporting air supply port, and a premixing chamber is formed by the rotational flow plate and the furnace wall with the fish scale holes arranged at the bottom of the rotational flow plate; the combustion-supporting air supply port and the outer furnace wall are arranged tangentially and are connected with an external air distribution system through a pipeline.
Transition positions of the pyrolysis gasification system, the drying system and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system are inverted cones, and the opening direction of the fish scale hole is consistent with the cutting-in rotary direction of the combustion-supporting air supply port.
The adjacent interval of the T-shaped furnace lining is 3-5cm, and a pyrolysis gas escape channel is formed.
The inner wall of the pyrolysis gasification system is provided with a vertical T-shaped furnace lining.
The lower parts of the drying system and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system are of a vat-shaped structure and occupy total height space 1/5 in the furnace body.
The drying system and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system occupy about 2/3 total height space in the furnace body.
A rotational flow plate is arranged between the outer furnace wall and the inner furnace wall above the inner part of the combustion-supporting air supply port.
Compared with the existing pyrolysis gasification furnace, the technical device has the advantages that the jacket structure of the drying system after the furnace body is fed and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system is arranged, the problem of water content of household garbage is solved, meanwhile, a pyrolysis gas escape channel formed by the vertical T-shaped furnace lining of the hearth of the pyrolysis gasification system is arranged, the gasified gas can be rapidly led out, and the production efficiency of pyrolysis gasification is improved from the source.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pyrolysis vaporizer
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the A-A section of the furnace body
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the B-B section of the furnace body
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a drying system 2, a pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system 3, a pyrolysis gasification system 4, a slag discharge system 5, an air distribution system 6, a water seal 7, a feeding port 8, an inner furnace wall 9, an outer furnace wall 10, a cyclone plate 11, a combustion-supporting air supplement port 12, a premixing chamber 13, a pyrolysis gas escape channel 14, a fan 15, an air volume balance valve 16, a pyrolysis air inlet 17, a furnace cover 18, a waste gas outlet 19, a fish scale hole furnace wall 20, a rotary grate 21, a slag discharge funnel 22, a chilling water pool 23, a T-shaped furnace lining 23
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments are only illustrative embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other similar embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the attached drawings 1, 2 and 3, the technical device of the high-efficiency household garbage pyrolysis gasifier comprises a feeding port 7, a drying system 1, a pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system 2, a pyrolysis gasification system 3, a slag discharge system 4 and an air distribution system 5. The invention comprises a feeding port, a drying system, a pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system, a pyrolysis gasification system, a slag discharge system and an air distribution system;
the feeding port is arranged at the top of the furnace body and comprises a water seal and a furnace cover which are arranged at the feeding port;
a drying system and a pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system which are arranged in a jacket structure are arranged below a feeding port at the upper section of the furnace body, the drying system and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system occupy about 2/3 in the inner space of the furnace body, the drying system is arranged at the inner layer, and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system is arranged at the outer layer;
the drying system is in a cylindrical barrel shape, is arranged at the upper section of the furnace body, occupies 2/3 of the total height of the furnace body, and is separated from the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system through an inner furnace wall to form a jacket structure;
the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system is arranged on the outer layer of the drying system and above the pyrolysis gasification system, and a waste gas outlet is arranged at the upper part of the outer furnace wall and is connected with a tail gas treatment system; a combustion-supporting air supply port is arranged at the tangent position of the lower part, and a rotational flow plate is arranged between the outer furnace wall and the inner furnace wall above the inner part of the combustion-supporting air supply port;
a fish scale hole furnace wall is arranged at the combination position of the bottom of the pyrolysis gas premixing combustion system and the pyrolysis gasification system, the cutting direction of the combustion-supporting air supply port is consistent with the direction of a fish scale hole of the cyclone plate, and a premixing chamber is formed between the cyclone plate and the fish scale hole furnace wall;
the pyrolysis gasification system is arranged below the drying system and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system at the middle section of the furnace body, approximately occupies the inner space 1/5 of the furnace body, and the transition position is provided with an inverted cone-shaped fish scale hole furnace wall to form a small-mouth large-belly urn belly shape of the pyrolysis gasification system;
vertical T-shaped furnace linings which are uniformly arranged are arranged on the furnace wall in the hearth of the pyrolysis gasification system and are communicated with the furnace wall of the fish scale hole at the joint of the upper pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system, and the adjacent T-shaped furnace linings and the outer furnace wall form a pyrolysis gas escape channel;
the slag discharging system is arranged below the pyrolysis gasification system and comprises a rotary grate, a slag discharging hopper, a chilling water tank and a pyrolysis air inlet;
the rotary grate is dynamically connected with the furnace body in a double-layer mode, the upper layer is integrated with the furnace body, and the lower layer can rotate.
The slag discharging funnel is arranged below the rotary grate, a chilling water pool is arranged at the discharge port of the funnel, and a pyrolysis air inlet is arranged at the side wall of the funnel and is connected with an air distribution system; the air distribution system is an external system, comprises a fan and an air quantity balance valve, and is connected with a pyrolysis air inlet of the slag discharge hopper and a combustion-supporting air supplement port of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system through a pipeline.
The invention relates to a domestic garbage high-efficiency pyrolysis gasification furnace, which comprises the following specific using processes:
the feed inlet 7 of the gasification furnace is arranged at the top of the furnace body and comprises a water seal 6 and a furnace cover 18, the furnace cover 18 is opened during feeding, the furnace cover 18 is closed after domestic garbage is put in, and a sealing condition is realized under the action of the water seal 6;
opening a furnace cover 18 of the feeding port 7, adding the domestic garbage materials through the feeding port 7, stacking in the drying system 1, and slowly sinking and stacking under the action of volume collapse and material self-weight of the materials after pyrolysis and gasification of the lower layer materials to form a material seal;
the drying system 1 is in a cylindrical barrel shape, is arranged below the feeding port 7 and has a double-layer jacket structure with the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system 2;
the drying system 1 conducts and radiates the combustion heat energy of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system 2 to the household garbage materials in the inner layer drying system 1 through the inner furnace wall 8, so as to realize the drying process;
the pyrolysis gas premixing combustion system 2 is arranged on the outer layer of the drying system 1, a waste gas outlet 18 is arranged on an outer furnace wall 9 on the upper part, a combustion-supporting air supply port 11 is arranged in the tangential direction of the outer furnace wall on the lower part, and a rotational flow plate 10 is arranged between the outer furnace wall 9 and an inner furnace wall 8 above the inner part of the combustion-supporting air supply port 11;
the waste gas outlet 18 is connected with a tail gas treatment system to realize the treatment effect of the combustion waste gas;
the bottom of the pyrolysis gas premixing combustion system 2 and the pyrolysis gasification system 3 are combined to form a fish scale hole furnace wall 19, a premixing chamber 12 is formed by the cyclone plate 10 and the fish scale hole furnace wall 19, pyrolysis gas enters the premixing chamber 12 through fish scale holes in the fish scale hole furnace wall 19, and is mixed with air and then is dynamically combusted above the cyclone plate 10;
the cutting direction of the combustion-supporting air supply port 11 is consistent with the direction of the scale holes of the cyclone plate 10, so that the phenomenon of pyrolysis gas recharging caused in the combustion-supporting air supply process is avoided;
the pyrolysis gasification system 3 is arranged below the drying system 1 and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system 2 and is arranged between the drying system 1 and the heat
An inverted cone transition structure is arranged at the joint position of the pyrolysis premixed combustion system 2 and the pyrolysis gasification system 3, so that the inner diameter of a hearth is increased steeply, the inner hearth of the pyrolysis gasification system 3 is in a vat belly state, and materials are fluffy and enter a pyrolysis interface for combustion and gasification, so that the pyrolysis and gasification of household garbage are facilitated;
the inner wall of the hearth of the pyrolysis gasification system 3 is provided with T-shaped furnace linings 23 which are vertically and uniformly arranged in an array and communicated with the furnace wall 19 of the fish-scale holes, and a pyrolysis gas escape channel 13 is formed in a gap between the adjacent T-shaped furnace linings 23, so that the gasification gas generated on a pyrolysis interface can be rapidly led out and escapes upwards along the furnace wall, and is led into the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system 2 through the furnace wall 19 of the fish-scale holes for premixed combustion;
the slag discharging system 4 is arranged below the pyrolysis gasification system 3 and comprises a rotary grate 20, a slag discharging funnel 21, a chilling water pool 22 and a pyrolysis air inlet 16, residues after pyrolysis fall into the slag discharging funnel 21 under the action of the rotary grate 20, and fall into the chilling water pool 22 through a water-sealed slag discharging port of the chilling water pool 22 and the slag discharging funnel 21 for cooling and discharging;
the rotary grate 20 is a double-layer dynamic grate, the upper layer of the rotary grate is integrated with the furnace body, the lower layer of the rotary grate is of a rotary structure, and pyrolysis residues are stripped and discharged through dynamic operation;
a pyrolysis air inlet 16 is arranged on the side wall of the slag discharge hopper 21 and below the rotary grate 20, and a proper amount of air is passed for pyrolysis gasification;
the air distribution system 5 is arranged in an external hanging mode and comprises a fan 14, an air quantity balance valve 15 and a pipeline connected with a pyrolysis air inlet 16 of the slag discharge system 4 and a combustion-supporting air supplement port 11 of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system 2;
and in the operation process, the air flow of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system 2 and the pyrolysis gasification system 3 is adjusted through an air flow balance valve 15 of the air distribution system 5.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a domestic waste high efficiency pyrolysis gasifier which characterized in that: the device comprises a feeding port (7), a drying system (1), a pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2), a pyrolysis gasification system (3), a slag discharge system (4) and an air distribution system (5), wherein the feeding port (7) is arranged at the top of a furnace body and is provided with a furnace cover (17) and a water seal (6); the drying system (1) and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2) are arranged at the upper section in the furnace, below the feeding port (7), and are arranged in a jacket structure; the lower part of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2) is provided with a cyclone plate (10), and the bottom of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system is provided with a fish scale hole furnace wall (19) to separate the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2) from the pyrolysis gasification system (3); the pyrolysis gasification system (3) is arranged at the middle section in the furnace, is arranged below the drying system (1) and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2), and is of a vat structure; the slag discharging system (4) is arranged at the lower section in the furnace and is provided with a rotary grate (20), a slag discharging hopper (21) and a chilling water pool (22); the air distribution system (5) is an external system, is provided with a fan (14) and an air quantity balance valve (15), and is connected with the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2) and the slag discharge system (4) through pipelines.
2. The efficient household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2) is arranged at the upper section of the furnace body, is in a double-layer jacket form with the drying system (1), and is separated by an inner furnace wall (8); a waste gas guide outlet (18) is arranged at the upper parts of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2) and the outer furnace wall (12), a combustion-supporting air supply port (11) is arranged at the lower part of the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system, a rotational flow plate (10) is arranged above the inner part of the combustion-supporting air supply port (11), and a premixing chamber (12) is formed by the rotational flow plate and the furnace wall (19) with the fish scale holes arranged at the bottom of the rotational flow plate; the combustion-supporting air supply port (11) and the outer furnace wall (9) are arranged tangentially and are connected with the external air distribution system (5) through a pipeline.
3. The efficient household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: and inverted-cone-shaped fish scale hole furnace walls (19) are arranged at transition positions of the pyrolysis gasification system (3), the drying system (1) and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2), and the opening direction of the fish scale holes is consistent with the cutting-in rotation direction of the combustion-supporting air supply port (11).
4. The efficient household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the adjacent intervals of the T-shaped furnace linings (23) are 3-5cm, and a pyrolysis gas escape channel (14) is formed.
5. The efficient household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: the inner wall of the pyrolysis gasification system (3) is provided with a vertical T-shaped furnace lining (23).
6. The efficient household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower parts of the drying system (1) and the pyrolysis gas premixing combustion system (2) are in a vat-shaped structure and occupy total height space 1/5 in the furnace body.
7. The efficient household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drying system (1) and the pyrolysis gas premixed combustion system (2) occupy about total height space 2/3 in the furnace body.
8. The efficient household garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: a rotational flow plate is arranged between the outer furnace wall and the inner furnace wall above the inner part of the combustion-supporting air supply port.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN114456843A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 江苏兴立环保设备有限公司 | Side ash discharging device of pyrolysis gasifier |
| CN115289476A (en) * | 2022-07-23 | 2022-11-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Anaerobic pyrolysis gasification multi-section oxygen supplementing combustion waste heat full utilization device |
| CN115289477A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-11-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Jacketed type pyrolysis gasification incineration device |
| CN117603714A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-02-27 | 河北智乐环境技术有限公司 | Pyrolysis reactor and pyrolysis method for household garbage |
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| CN114456843A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 江苏兴立环保设备有限公司 | Side ash discharging device of pyrolysis gasifier |
| CN115289476A (en) * | 2022-07-23 | 2022-11-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Anaerobic pyrolysis gasification multi-section oxygen supplementing combustion waste heat full utilization device |
| CN115289477A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-11-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Jacketed type pyrolysis gasification incineration device |
| CN117603714A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-02-27 | 河北智乐环境技术有限公司 | Pyrolysis reactor and pyrolysis method for household garbage |
| CN117603714B (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-05-10 | 河北智乐环境技术有限公司 | Pyrolysis reactor and pyrolysis method for household garbage |
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