CN113757570B - Methane leakage detection device for natural gas pipeline - Google Patents
Methane leakage detection device for natural gas pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN113757570B CN113757570B CN202110856158.9A CN202110856158A CN113757570B CN 113757570 B CN113757570 B CN 113757570B CN 202110856158 A CN202110856158 A CN 202110856158A CN 113757570 B CN113757570 B CN 113757570B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/005—Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm
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Abstract
The invention provides a methane leakage detection device for a natural gas pipeline. The device comprises a controller and a laser transceiver module connected with the controller, wherein the laser transceiver module is used for transmitting laser signals to a detection area under the action of the controller, receiving reflected laser echo signals, demodulating second harmonic signals of frequency modulation signals from the reflected laser echo signals to the controller, calculating methane concentration by the controller based on the second harmonic signals, and judging whether leakage occurs or not according to the methane concentration. Because the invention calculates the methane concentration based on the second harmonic signal, and the peak value of the even harmonic signal is exactly positioned at the center of the methane absorption spectrum line, compared with the prior art, the invention directly calculates the methane concentration based on the laser echo signal, and can improve the calculation precision of the methane concentration, thereby improving the precision of methane leakage detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas leakage monitoring, and particularly relates to a methane leakage detection device for a natural gas pipeline.
Background
The safe and efficient operation of pipeline equipment is the key for guaranteeing the transportation of urban natural gas. However, the pressure pipeline itself belongs to special equipment with extremely high risk. Aging of gas pipeline equipment, mechanical impact, natural disasters, third party activities and other factors cause leakage accidents possibly caused by flanges, valves, sealing rings of pumps and small holes or cracks on pipelines. Once natural gas leakage occurs, various natural disasters such as fire, explosion, pollution, poisoning and the like are extremely easy to cause, and serious hazard to personal safety and social economy is formed.
Whether the safety operation of the urban natural gas pipe network is directly related to the public safety of the city, and the leakage detection of the natural gas pipe of the sluice well is one of important works of the safety monitoring of the transmission and distribution of the urban natural gas pipe network. At present, aiming at the field of methane leakage detection of a gas pipeline of a sluice well, a traditional manual periodic inspection mode is still used as a main detection means, and the detection means mainly comprise the steps of distinguishing leakage point sounds by human ears, spraying soapy water, a portable methane detector and the like. However, the daily manual inspection of a manhole presents numerous problems: the operation safety of the limited space is low, and the accumulation of inflammable and explosive substances or the insufficient oxygen content have great hidden trouble to the safety operation of inspection personnel; the inspection work frequency of the sluice well is high, the flow is complex, and a large number of working tools, personal protection articles and emergency equipment are required to be carried, so that the labor intensity of manual inspection is high and the efficiency is low; the limited space operation flow is complex and the efficiency is low; the existing portable methane on-site detection equipment is mainly a catalytic combustion type sensor, is a consumption type methane detection instrument, has short service life and slow response, needs frequent calibration, has poor anti-interference capability on the humidity, temperature and pressure change of the peripheral environment and interference gas, is limited by regional barrier conditions in a direct contact type measurement mode, is mainly used for carrying out data statistics in a manual recording mode, and is easy to generate the phenomena of inaccurate counting, even missed detection and missing report.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a methane leakage detection device for a natural gas pipeline.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The utility model provides a natural gas line methane leakage detection device, includes the controller and links to each other with the controller laser transceiver module, and laser transceiver module is used for transmitting laser signal to the detection zone under the controller effect, receives the laser echo signal that the reflection was come back simultaneously to second harmonic signal from demodulation frequency modulation signal is to the controller, and the controller calculates methane concentration based on second harmonic signal, and judges whether leakage takes place according to the size of methane concentration.
Further, the laser transceiver module includes: a transmit-receive signal processor connected with the controller, a laser driver connected with the transmit-receive signal processor, an echo pre-amplifier, a laser transmitter connected with the laser driver, and a laser receiver connected with the echo pre-amplifier; the laser receiver is an InGaAs photodiode; in the transmitting state, the receiving and transmitting signal processor outputs an electric signal overlapped by sawtooth waves and sine waves to the laser driver for amplification, and the amplified signal is output to the laser transmitter, so that the laser transmitter generates a laser modulation signal with the frequency changing along with the signal, and the frequency of the sawtooth waves is smaller than that of the sine waves; in the receiving state, the transmit-receive signal processor demodulates the second harmonic signal of the frequency modulation signal from the laser echo signal.
Still further, the method for outputting the second harmonic signal by the transceiver signal processor comprises the following steps:
demodulating a frequency modulation signal from the laser echo signal;
equally dividing the frequency modulated signal within one sampling period into a plurality of small segment signals;
performing fast Fourier transform on each small segment of signal to obtain a frequency spectrum signal of each small segment of signal;
and connecting amplitude values of the second harmonic of each small-section signal together to obtain a frequency spectrum signal of the second harmonic in one sampling period.
Further, the device also comprises a wireless communication module which is connected with the controller and used for communicating with the upper computer.
Further, the device comprises a collimating mirror connected to the laser transmitter by an optical fiber.
Further, the device also comprises a focusing lens which is arranged in front of the InGaAs photodiode and takes the position of the focusing lens as a focus.
Still further, the device further comprises a visible light filter mounted in front of the InGaAs photodiode.
Still further, the apparatus also includes 4 positioning lamps mounted around the InGaAs photodiode connected to the controller for illumination and orientation of the pipeline detection region.
Further, the device also comprises a camera connected with the controller and used for shooting video images of the pipeline detection area.
Further, the device also comprises a servo mechanism connected with the controller and used for driving the device to rotate in the vertical and horizontal directions under the action of the controller.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
According to the invention, the controller and the laser transceiver module connected with the controller are arranged, the laser transceiver module is used for transmitting laser signals to the detection area under the action of the controller, receiving reflected laser echo signals, demodulating second harmonic signals of frequency modulation signals from the reflected laser echo signals to the controller, calculating methane concentration by the controller based on the second harmonic signals, judging whether leakage occurs or not according to the methane concentration, and realizing automatic detection of natural gas pipeline leakage. Because the peak value of the even harmonic signal is just positioned at the center of the methane absorption spectrum line, the method calculates the methane concentration based on the second harmonic signal, and compared with the prior art, which directly calculates the methane concentration based on the laser echo signal, the method can improve the calculation precision of the methane concentration, thereby improving the precision of methane leakage detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a methane leakage detection device for a natural gas pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which: the device comprises a 1-controller, a 2-laser transceiver module, a 3-wireless communication module, a 21-transceiver signal processor, a 22-laser driver, a 23-laser emitter, a 24-echo preamplifier and a 25-laser receiver.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum signal waveform of the second harmonic.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the device, in which: 1-controller, 2-laser transceiver module, 21-transceiver signal processor, 22-laser driver, 23-laser transmitter, 24-echo preamplifier, 25-laser receiver, 31-collimating mirror, 32-optical fiber, 33-vertical support holder, 34-focusing lens, 35-filter, 36-positioning lamp, 37-stacked lens sleeve, 38-focusing lens snap ring, 39-screw adapter, 40-screw connector, 41-shell.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the device applied to the detection of the leakage of the natural gas pipeline of the sluice well.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description below, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a methane leakage detection device for a natural gas pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a controller 1 and a laser transceiver module 2 connected to the controller 1, where the laser transceiver module 2 is configured to transmit a laser signal to a detection area under the action of the controller 1, and receive a reflected laser echo signal, and demodulate a second harmonic signal of a frequency modulation signal from the reflected laser echo signal to the controller 1, where the controller 1 calculates a methane concentration based on the second harmonic signal, and determines whether leakage occurs according to the methane concentration.
In this embodiment, the device mainly comprises a controller 1 and a laser transceiver module 2. The functional principles of which are described below.
The controller 1 is a data processing and control center of the device, outputs a control signal required for normal operation of the laser transceiver module 2, performs data processing on a second harmonic signal input by the laser transceiver module 2, calculates the methane concentration of the detection area, and determines whether leakage occurs according to the methane concentration, for example, if the methane concentration exceeds a set threshold value, the leakage is considered to occur. The controller 1 may be composed of various single-chip microcomputer or microprocessor and peripheral circuit, or may be a special chip with built-in processor, such as a communication chip with communication function.
The laser transceiver module 2 is configured to generate and transmit a laser signal to the detection area, and simultaneously receive the reflected laser echo signal, demodulate a second harmonic signal from the reflected laser echo signal, and output the second harmonic signal to the controller 1. The second harmonic signal is a second harmonic signal of the laser frequency modulation signal, and the spectrum waveform of the second harmonic signal is shown in fig. 2. When methane leaks from the detection area, methane gas absorbs the laser emission signal, specifically, modulates the frequency of the laser echo signal, that is, the intensity of the laser echo signal has a strong correlation with the concentration of methane. Thus, the concentration of methane can be calculated by performing signal data processing on the laser echo signal. The prior art generally calculates the methane concentration directly based on the laser echo signal, and the method is simple and feasible. However, long-term practice shows that the peak value of the even harmonic signal is exactly located at the center of the absorption line, and the peak value of the odd harmonic component has an offset relative to the center of the absorption line, that is, the absorption effect of methane on the even harmonic signal is better than that of the odd harmonic. The higher the harmonic frequency is, the smaller the amplitude of each subharmonic component is, and the second harmonic is the strongest harmonic signal, so that the embodiment can improve the calculation accuracy of the methane concentration by extracting the second harmonic signal to calculate the methane concentration, thereby improving the detection accuracy of methane leakage. The method for generating the second harmonic signal is more, and a phase-locked loop circuit is generally used, and the specific generation method is not limited in this embodiment, and a second harmonic signal generation method different from the phase-locked loop circuit will be provided later.
As an alternative embodiment, the laser transceiver module 2 includes: a transceiver signal processor 21 connected to the controller 1, a laser driver 22 and an echo preamplifier 24 connected to the transceiver signal processor 21, a laser transmitter 23 connected to the laser driver 22, and a laser receiver 25 connected to the echo preamplifier 24; the laser receiver 25 is an InGaAs photodiode; in the transmitting state, the signal receiving and transmitting processor 21 outputs an electric signal formed by overlapping a sawtooth wave and a sine wave to the laser driver 22 for amplification, and the amplified signal is output to the laser transmitter 23, so that the laser transmitter 23 generates a laser signal, and the frequency of the sawtooth wave is smaller than that of the sine wave; in the reception state, the transmit-receive signal processor 21 demodulates the second harmonic signal of the frequency modulated signal from the laser echo signal.
The present embodiment provides a technical solution of the laser transceiver module 2. The laser transceiver module 2 of this embodiment mainly comprises a transceiver signal processor 21, a laser driver 22, a laser transmitter 23, an echo preamplifier 24 and a laser receiver 25, and the connection relationship of the parts is shown in the dashed line box of fig. 1. The receiving and transmitting signal processor 21 is respectively connected with the controller 1, the input end of the laser driver 22 and the output end of the echo preamplifier 24; the output end of the laser driver 22 is connected with the input end of the laser emitter 23; the input of the echo preamplifier 24 is connected to the output of the laser receiver 25. The transmit-receive signal processor 21 receives a control signal of the controller 1 on the one hand; on the other hand, a driving signal is output to the laser driver 22, and the driving signal is amplified by the laser driver 22 to drive the laser emitter 23 to generate a laser emission signal. The laser receiver 25 adopts an InGaAs photodiode, converts the received laser signal into an electric signal, and outputs the electric signal to the echo preamplifier 24; the electric signal is amplified by the echo preamplifier 24 and then output to the signal receiving and transmitting processor 21; the transmit-receive signal processor 21 demodulates the second harmonic signal of the frequency modulated signal from the laser echo signal, and outputs it to the controller 1. In this embodiment, the driving signal generated by the transceiver 21 is a signal formed by superimposing a sawtooth wave and a sine wave, and amplified by the laser driver 22 and output to the laser transmitter 23. The frequency of the sawtooth wave is obviously lower than that of the sine wave, and the frequency of the sawtooth wave is usually from a few Hz to a dozen Hz, such as 10Hz; the sine wave frequency is typically from a few KHz to tens of KHz, such as 30KHz.
As an alternative embodiment, the method for outputting the second harmonic signal by the transceiver 21 includes:
demodulating a frequency modulation signal from the laser echo signal;
equally dividing the frequency modulated signal within one sampling period into a plurality of small segment signals;
performing fast Fourier transform on each small segment of signal to obtain a frequency spectrum signal of each small segment of signal;
and connecting amplitude values of the second harmonic of each small-section signal together to obtain a frequency spectrum signal of the second harmonic in one sampling period.
The present embodiment provides a technical solution for the transceiver signal processor 21 to output the second harmonic signal. The second harmonic demodulation methods mainly include two methods: one is a quadrature phase locking method; one is the fourier transform method. In the prior art, a quadrature phase locking method is adopted to generate a second harmonic signal, and the second harmonic signal is completed by a phase locking amplifier hardware module, so that the hardware complexity and the hardware cost of the system are increased, and more random noise is introduced. The second method of the improved type is adopted in the embodiment, namely a segmented fast fourier transform method: dividing the frequency modulation signal of one sampling period into a plurality of equal segments; and then, respectively performing fast Fourier transform FFT on the signals of each small segment to obtain a frequency spectrum (amplitude frequency) signal of each small segment, and connecting amplitude values of second harmonic waves of the signals of each small segment together to obtain a frequency spectrum signal of the second harmonic waves in one sampling period. Since the FFT can be implemented by software, the hardware cost is low and the reliability is high. The number of the segments of each small segment is reduced in a segmented way, so that the total number of segments of the absorption signal of a single sampling period is increased, the interference of noise can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the accuracy of second harmonic is improved. In addition, since the time complexity of the FFT is O (n×logn), the time complexity of the FFT performed after dividing into a plurality of small segments is reduced to O (M (n/m×log (n/M))) =o (n×log (n/M)), and M is the number of the divided small segments, so that the calculation amount can be reduced, the calculation speed can be increased, and the real-time calculation of the methane concentration can be advantageously realized.
As an alternative embodiment, the device further comprises a wireless communication module 3 connected to the controller 1 for communication with a host computer.
In this embodiment, a wireless communication module 3 connected to the controller 1 is provided for implementing data communication between the controller 1 and an upper computer. In practical applications, the surrounding space of the detection area of the device is generally limited, and an operator cannot approach the detection area together with the device, which requires remote control. Therefore, in this embodiment, a wireless communication module 3 is provided, on one hand, the measurement data is uploaded to the control center far away from the detection area, so as to realize remote data monitoring; on the other hand, a control instruction from the control center is received, and the control center can realize remote control of the device. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the device for detecting a gas pipeline leak in a sluice well. It should be noted that, in practical application, the wireless communication module 3 and the controller 1 may be implemented by a communication chip with a built-in processor.
As an alternative embodiment the device further comprises a collimator mirror 31 connected to the laser transmitter 23 by means of an optical fiber.
In this embodiment, a collimator 31 connected to the laser emitter 23 through an optical fiber 32 is provided to focus the laser signal emitted from the laser emitter 23, so as to obtain a smaller spot size and a smaller compression divergence angle, thereby improving the directivity and transmission quality of the laser. The collimating lens may be an FC (fiber interface) aspheric optical fiber collimating lens, which is sleeved in the mounting hole of the vertical support fixing base 33 and fixed by a locking bolt, as shown in fig. 3.
As an alternative embodiment, the device further comprises a focusing lens 34 mounted in front of the ingaas photodiode and focusing on its location.
In this embodiment, a focusing lens 34 is provided that is mounted in front of the InGaAs photodiode. Since the InGaAs photodiode is just located at the focal point of the focusing lens 34, as shown in FIG. 3, the focusing lens 34 can collect the laser signal incident thereon on the light-sensitive surface of the InGaAs photodiode, so as to improve the effect of the InGaAs photodiode receiving the laser signal. The focusing lens 34 is embedded in the laminated lens sleeve 37 by the front and rear optical lens snap rings 38, and the rear end of the laminated lens sleeve 37 is provided with a threaded adapter 39 and is mounted at the front end of the square housing 41 by a threaded connector 40.
As an alternative embodiment the device further comprises a visible light filter 35 mounted in front of the ingaas photodiode.
In this embodiment, an optical filter 35 is disposed in front of the ingaas photodiode to filter out visible light, so as to prevent the surrounding visible light from irradiating the ingaas photodiode and forming interference signals, thereby affecting the detection accuracy. The filter 35 may be a visible light cut-off acrylic filter, and is mounted in front of the ingaas photodiode by a plastic sleeve, as shown in fig. 3.
As an alternative embodiment the device further comprises 4 positioning lamps 36 connected to the controller 1 and mounted around the ingaas photodiodes for achieving illumination and orientation of the detection area of the pipeline.
In this embodiment, 4 positioning lamps 36 are provided that are mounted in fixed locations around the InGaAs photodiode (e.g., 4 vertices of a square centered on the InGaAs photodiode), as shown in FIG. 3. The positioning lamp 36 is used on the one hand for illumination of the detection area and on the other hand for positioning. Because laser belongs to infrared light, human eyes can not see, and the positions of the laser spots can be known through the spots of the 4 positioning lamps. The positioning lamp 36 may be a light emitting diode driven by the output port of the controller 1.
As an alternative embodiment the device further comprises a camera connected to the controller 1 for capturing video images of the pipe inspection area.
In this embodiment, a camera connected to the controller 1 is provided, and is used to capture a video image of the pipeline detection area, and upload the video image to an upper computer of the control center for display, so that an operator can monitor the situation of the detection area in real time.
As an alternative embodiment, the device further comprises a servo mechanism connected with the controller 1, and the servo mechanism is used for driving the device to rotate in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction under the action of the controller 1 so as to align the device in different directions.
In this embodiment, a servo mechanism connected to the controller 1 is provided to drive the device to rotate in vertical and horizontal directions, so that the device is aligned to different directions, so as to avoid detection dead angles. The servo mechanism mainly comprises a pitching motor, a horizontal motor, a motor driving module and a transmission mechanism. The pitching motor can enable the device to rotate upwards or downwards in the vertical direction, and the horizontal motor can enable the device to rotate 360 degrees in the horizontal direction.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The methane leakage detection device for the natural gas pipeline is characterized by comprising a controller and a laser receiving and transmitting module connected with the controller, wherein the laser receiving and transmitting module is used for transmitting laser signals to a detection area under the action of the controller, receiving reflected laser echo signals and demodulating second harmonic signals of frequency modulation signals from the reflected laser echo signals to the controller, and the controller calculates methane concentration based on the second harmonic signals and judges whether leakage occurs according to the methane concentration;
the laser transceiver module includes: a transmit-receive signal processor connected with the controller, a laser driver connected with the transmit-receive signal processor, an echo pre-amplifier, a laser transmitter connected with the laser driver, and a laser receiver connected with the echo pre-amplifier; the laser receiver is an InGaAs photodiode; in the transmitting state, the receiving and transmitting signal processor outputs an electric signal overlapped by sawtooth waves and sine waves to the laser driver for amplification, and the amplified signal is output to the laser transmitter to enable the laser transmitter to generate laser signals, wherein the frequency of the sawtooth waves is smaller than that of the sine waves; in a receiving state, the receiving and transmitting signal processor demodulates a second harmonic signal of the frequency modulation signal from the laser echo signal;
the method for outputting the second harmonic signal by the transceiver signal processor comprises the following steps:
demodulating a frequency modulation signal from the laser echo signal;
equally dividing the frequency modulated signal within one sampling period into a plurality of small segment signals;
performing fast Fourier transform on each small segment of signal to obtain a frequency spectrum signal of each small segment of signal;
and connecting amplitude values of the second harmonic of each small-section signal together to obtain a frequency spectrum signal of the second harmonic in one sampling period.
2. The natural gas pipeline methane leak detection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a wireless communication module coupled to the controller for communicating with the host computer.
3. The natural gas pipeline methane leak detection apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a collimator lens coupled to the laser transmitter by an optical fiber.
4. A natural gas pipeline methane leak detection apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a focusing lens mounted in front of the ingaas photodiode and focused at the location thereof.
5. The natural gas pipeline methane leak detection apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a visible light filter mounted in front of the ingaas photodiode.
6. A natural gas pipeline methane leak detection apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising 4 positioning lamps connected to the controller and mounted around the ingaas photodiodes for effecting illumination and orientation of the pipeline detection zone.
7. The natural gas pipeline methane leak detection apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a camera coupled to the controller for capturing video images of the pipeline detection area.
8. A natural gas pipeline methane leak detection apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a servo mechanism coupled to the controller for rotating the apparatus in the vertical and horizontal directions under the influence of the controller.
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| CN100573105C (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-12-23 | 天津大学 | multi-component gas online test method and device |
| CN101619807A (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2010-01-06 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | System and method for monitoring airborne natural gas line leakage |
| CN102354075B (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2014-06-11 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Phase generator carrier (PGC) digital demodulation method for interferometric fiber optic sensor and device thereof |
| CN102590138B (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2013-11-27 | 清华大学 | Gas concentration on-line measurement method based on laser absorption spectrum |
| CN202661377U (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-01-09 | 吉林大学 | Laser infrared gas analyzer based on TDLAS-WMS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy-wavelength modulation spectroscopy) |
| CN103033481A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-10 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | FFT-based second harmonic filtering method for laser analyzer |
| CN103076611B (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2015-05-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 | Method and device for measuring speed and distance by coherent detecting laser |
| CN110865042A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-03-06 | 东北石油大学 | Gas concentration detection method, device and system |
| CN111007025A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-14 | 深圳华领医学技术有限公司 | Detection device capable of detecting and displaying three concentrations of methane gas |
| CN111562055B (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-04-23 | 北京富吉瑞光电科技股份有限公司 | Infrared imaging and concentration detection device and method for methane gas leakage |
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