CN113755893B - Processing method for dealing with long-time large-amplitude load reduction of aluminum electrolysis series - Google Patents

Processing method for dealing with long-time large-amplitude load reduction of aluminum electrolysis series Download PDF

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CN113755893B
CN113755893B CN202111081454.2A CN202111081454A CN113755893B CN 113755893 B CN113755893 B CN 113755893B CN 202111081454 A CN202111081454 A CN 202111081454A CN 113755893 B CN113755893 B CN 113755893B
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anode
load
electrolyte
anodes
level
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CN113755893A (en
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郭彬
高德金
刘伟平
刘铁刚
刘驰
侯飞
崔国利
包通嘎力嘎
戴连松
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Inner Mongolia Jinlian Aluminium Co ltd
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Inner Mongolia Jinlian Aluminium Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12Anodes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/06Operating or servicing

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing method for dealing with a long-time and large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series, which comprises the steps of calculating the number of anode seats; selecting a certain number of middle poles of the cells to sit into the bottom of the electrolytic cell and disconnect the connection with the bus; adjusting the electrolyte level to a suitable height; before load recovery, the full series electrolyte level is measured; recovering the anode sitting down in a gradient manner, and finishing the shell surface of the electrolytic cell; after the load is recovered, the production conditions are adjusted, and the normal production is gradually recovered. The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to a processing method for dealing with long-time and large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series.

Description

Processing method for dealing with long-time large-amplitude load reduction of aluminum electrolysis series
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to a treatment method for treating a long-time and large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series.
Background
The electrolytic aluminum is used as a main domestic high-energy-consumption enterprise, the power consumption of ton aluminum is near 13500kWh/T.Al, the electric power demand of the industry is extremely high, the control of the electricity cost is considered, and the domestic electrolytic aluminum enterprise is mainly distributed in the areas of developed thermal power of coal production in the north or the areas with rich water and electricity in the south at present. At present, most of domestic electrolytic aluminum enterprises adopt self-contained power plants and a network-descending mode to ensure the supply of electrolytic aluminum power of the enterprises, the operation power generation capacity of a newly-built thermal power unit is not lower than 350MW under the influence of national policies, the network-descending load capacity is limited, when the electrolytic aluminum enterprises self-contained large power units are in power failure detection and operation, other large power units are in non-predictive failure and stop, under the condition of limited network-descending load and insufficient power supply (or under the condition of insufficient power generation of the hydroelectric power unit in the south), the electrolytic aluminum plants face the long-time series load-descending operation situation, and even under the condition of serious power supply shortage, the enterprises need to be forced to stop part of electrolytic tanks to ensure series production.
At present, domestic electrolytic tanks tend to develop in large scale, the current intensity of main stream aluminum electrolytic tanks is generally more than 400KA, the heat dissipation of the electrolytic tanks along with the increase of tank types also tends to increase, according to the previous load reduction experience, if the electrolytic tanks want to ensure operation, the limit of load reduction is about 10% (namely, the running current of the 400KA electrolytic tanks must not be lower than 360KA for a long time), meanwhile, the load reduction operation of the electrolytic tanks also can cause extreme damage to the production operation process of the electrolytic tanks, firstly, the reduction of the aluminum yield and the reduction of economic indexes such as the aluminum ton consumption, the anode ton consumption and the like are caused, in addition, the load reduction operation of the electrolytic tanks leads to the cold running of the electrolytic tanks, the deterioration of the hearth, the increase of precipitation at the tank bottom, the long extension and the like. If the production is ensured by stopping the electrolytic tank, high maintenance cost of the electrolytic tank and reduction of the aluminum yield in the tank day and night are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a treatment method for dealing with the long-time and large-load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series, which is characterized in that a part of anodes are placed at the bottom of an electrolysis bath, and the connection between an anode guide rod and a horizontal bus of the electrolysis bath is disconnected, so that the electrolysis bath with large capacity and large load is quickly converted into the electrolysis bath with small capacity and small load.
In order to realize the functions, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a processing method for dealing with the long-time and large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series comprises the following steps:
1) Calculating the anode sitting-down quantity according to the load-reducing amplitude, wherein the principle is to ensure that the current density of the running anode is consistent with or close to the current density in the normal production phase, and the anode sitting-down quantity is an integer; taking NEUI400KA electrolytic cells 48 groups of anodes as an example, if the load is reduced by 11%, the current intensity is reduced to 356KA, and the number of anodes to be placed down is 48-356 x 48/400=5.28 approximately 5 blocks;
2) Selecting the middle poles of the corresponding number of the electrolytic cells according to the calculated number of the lower-seat anodes, carrying out positioning scribing, using a multifunctional unit to seat the selected anodes below the electrolytic cells, and disconnecting the anode guide rod from the horizontal bus of the electrolytic cells; it is considered that an insulating material is additionally arranged at the joint of the guide rod and the bus;
3) Trimming the collapse of the shell surface of the electrolytic cell caused by anode sitting by using a thin anode covering material, and supplementing heat preservation;
4) Adjusting the electrolyte level to a suitable height; taking NEUI400KA electrolytic tank as an example, the electrolytic tank is not higher than 20cm and not lower than 16cm, so that the working anode rinsing claw is avoided;
5) Calculating new alumina consumption according to the load reduction amount, and adjusting the blanking interval;
6) In the load reduction production process, the blanking amount of fluoride salt is adjusted according to the change of the electrolyte molecular ratio, and the aluminum level in the tank is adjusted through the aluminum output amount;
7) The method comprises the steps of firstly measuring the level height of a full series of electrolytes before load recovery, recovering the load by gradient on the premise of ensuring the level height of the electrolytes, determining the ascending gradient of the load according to the number of the anodes to be seated and the descending height of the electrolyte after the anodes are recovered, recovering the anodes to the original height according to the positioning of the anodes to be seated according to the ascending gradient before the load is increased, connecting a horizontal bus to ensure that the anodes enter a working state, and then synchronously recovering the load by gradient; the load of NEUI groups of anodes is reduced by 11% by using NEUI KA electrolytic tank, after the height of 3 groups of anodes is recovered by using a multifunctional unit, the load is recovered by 60%, the level of the electrolyte of the whole series is measured, the reduction of the electrolyte level is recorded, and the electrolyte level of each tank is adjusted. On the premise of ensuring a certain electrolyte level and stable operation, the heights of the remaining 2 groups of anodes are recovered by using a multifunctional unit, the anodes are ensured to enter a working state by connecting a horizontal bus, 40% of load is recovered, and the levels of all series of electrolytes are measured and adjusted; after each load recovery, the blanking interval is adjusted, the number of anodes recovered each time can be determined according to the level reduction of the electrolyte after the recovery of a single group of anodes, if the height of the electrolyte is high, the load can be recovered in place at one time, the good contact between the anodes and the electrolyte is ensured in the whole anode recovery process, and the explosion accident of a short circuit mouth caused by the separation of the electrolyte from the anodes in the anode recovery process is strictly avoided;
8) And (3) trimming the shell surface of the electrolytic tank, adjusting the production conditions, and gradually recovering normal production.
Preferably, the selection of the slot intermediate pole described in step 2) takes into account the following rules:
1) The middle poles of the selected cells are required to be staggered and are evenly distributed on the surface of the electrolyzer A, B;
2) Considering that the electrolyte level and the aluminum level can rise to a certain extent due to the fact that the anode sits down, the anode is required to have a certain height in order to avoid rinsing claws in the follow-up electrolysis production operation; taking NEUI400KA electrolytic tank as an example, the aluminum level is about 30cm after the anode is seated, the electrolyte level is about 20cm, and the anode height is required to be more than 50 cm.
The invention adopts the structure to obtain the beneficial effects as follows: the processing method for dealing with the long-time and large-scale load reduction of the aluminum electrolysis series is simple in operation and reasonable in design, the high-capacity and large-load electrolysis tank can be quickly converted into the low-capacity and small-load electrolysis tank during the load reduction period, the low-capacity and small-load electrolysis tank can be quickly converted into the high-capacity and large-load electrolysis tank after the current is recovered, meanwhile, the current density in the electrolysis tank is ensured, the maintenance of the superheat degree of electrolyte in the electrolysis tank can be ensured, besides the reduction of the yield due to the reduction of the current intensity, other operation indexes and economic indexes can be basically ensured, and meanwhile, the labor intensity of staff is not increased basically.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Taking NEUI KA electrolytic tank load of 48 groups of anodes as an example, the load of the electrolytic tank is reduced by 11%, and the current intensity is reduced to 356KA, the treatment method for treating the long-time and large-scale load reduction of the aluminum electrolysis series comprises the following steps:
1) According to the load reduction amplitude, in order to ensure that the current density of the running anode is consistent with or close to the current density of the normal production phase, the anode sitting-down quantity is 48-356 x 48/400=5.28 approximately 5 blocks;
2) Five groups of anodes of the electrolytic tanks A3, A10, A20, B16 and B5 are staggered with each other and have the height of more than 50cm, firstly, the 5 groups of anodes are positioned and scored, a multifunctional unit is used for loosening the fixture of the five groups of anodes and sitting below the electrolytic tank, and highland barley paper is additionally arranged at the joint of the guide rods of the five groups of anodes and the bus to be insulated;
3) Treating collapse at the lower anode by using a thin anode covering material and supplementing heat preservation;
4) Adjusting the electrolyte level to 16-20cm, and checking the working anode to avoid rinsing claws;
5) Calculating new alumina consumption according to the load reduction amount, and adjusting the blanking interval;
6) In the load reduction production process, the blanking amount of the fluoride salt is adjusted according to the change of the electrolyte molecular ratio; adjusting the aluminum level in the tank by the aluminum output;
7) Before load recovery, the level of the electrolyte of the whole series is measured, and the level of the electrolyte is adjusted to be more than 18 cm;
8) After the heights of 3 groups of anodes are recovered by using a multifunctional unit, extracting highland barley paper, tightening a clamp, ensuring that the anodes enter a working state, recovering 60% of load, measuring the level of all series of electrolytes, recording the reduction of the level of the electrolytes, and adjusting the level of electrolytes of each tank;
9) If the first time of restoring the anode to a normal state, the electrolyte is excessively reduced, stable production is needed for a period of time, the blanking interval is adjusted, when the level of the restored electrolyte is more than 16cm, the multifunctional unit is used for restoring the heights of the remaining 2 groups of anodes, highland barley paper is extracted, a clamp is tightened, the anode is ensured to enter a working state, 40% of load is restored, and the level of the full-series electrolyte is measured and adjusted;
10 If the anode is restored to the normal state for the first time, the electrolyte reduction amplitude is not large, the electrolyte level is more than 16cm collectively, the rest 2 groups of anodes can be restored by directly using a multifunctional unit, highland barley paper is extracted, a clamp is tightened again, the anode is ensured to enter the working state, 40% of load is restored again, the full-series electrolyte level is measured and adjusted, and the next time of load restoration can be considered to restore 5 groups of anodes at one time;
11 Finishing the shell surface of the electrolytic tank, adjusting the production conditions, and gradually recovering the normal production.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above without limitation, but one of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the actual structure. In summary, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical solution should not be creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A processing method for dealing with a long-time and large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) According to the load reduction amplitude, calculating the anode sitting quantity, wherein the anode sitting quantity is an integer;
2) Selecting the middle poles of the corresponding number of the electrolytic cells according to the calculated number of the lower-seat anodes, carrying out positioning scribing, using a multifunctional unit to seat the selected anodes below the electrolytic cells, and disconnecting the anode guide rod from the horizontal bus of the electrolytic cells;
3) Trimming the collapse of the shell surface of the electrolytic cell caused by anode sitting by using a thin anode covering material, and supplementing heat preservation;
4) The electrolyte level is adjusted to a proper height, so that the working anode rinsing claw is avoided;
5) Calculating new alumina consumption according to the load reduction amount, and adjusting the blanking interval;
6) In the load reduction production process, the blanking amount of the fluoride salt is adjusted according to the change of the electrolyte molecular ratio; adjusting the aluminum level in the tank by controlling the aluminum output;
7) Before load recovery, the full-series electrolyte level is measured, on the premise of ensuring the electrolyte level, the load is recovered in a gradient manner, the load rising gradient is determined according to the number of anodes sitting down and the level of the electrolyte after the anodes are recovered, before load rising, the anodes sitting down are recovered to the original level according to positioning in a gradient manner, a horizontal bus is connected to enter normal production, and the load is recovered in a gradient manner; the blanking interval is adjusted after each load recovery, the number of anodes recovered each time is determined according to the electrolyte level descending amount after the recovery of a single group of anodes, if the electrolyte height is high, the electrolyte level is not greatly reduced after the recovery of the anodes to the normal height, the load can be recovered in place at one time, the anode and the electrolyte are required to be well contacted in the anode recovery process, and the explosion accident of a short circuit mouth caused by the separation of the electrolyte from the anode in the anode recovery process is strictly avoided;
8) Finishing the shell surface of the electrolytic tank, adjusting the production conditions, and gradually recovering normal production;
the selection of the slot intermediate pole described in step 2) takes into account the following rules: the middle poles of the selected cells are required to be staggered and are evenly distributed on the surface of the electrolyzer A, B; the anode sitting down causes the electrolyte level and the aluminum level to rise, and the anode is selected to have a certain height.
2. The method for handling a long-term large-scale load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, wherein the current density of the running anode is ensured to be identical to or close to the current density in the normal production phase when the number of anode seats is calculated in step 1).
3. The method for handling the long-time and large-scale load reduction of the aluminum electrolysis series according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the connection part of the guide rod and the horizontal bus is marked to realize positioning.
4. The method for handling a long-term and large-scale load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the connection between the anode guide rod and the horizontal bus of the electrolytic cell is disconnected by adding an insulating material at the connection between the guide rod and the bus.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4746409A (en) * 1986-06-25 1988-05-24 Compagnie Generale D'electrolyse Du Palais Process for stopping and restarting an electrolytic refining installation
CN201186954Y (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-01-28 河南神火铝业股份有限公司 Apparatus for aluminum smelting full load cell starting and closing cell
CN109055987A (en) * 2018-10-24 2018-12-21 中国铝业股份有限公司 A kind of method that aluminium cell seat pocket stops slot
WO2019171235A1 (en) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Dubai Aluminium Pjsc Method for early detection of certain abnormal operating conditions in hall-héroult electrolysis cells
CN111286759A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-16 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 Control method and system for participation of electrolytic aluminum load in emergency control of power grid

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4746409A (en) * 1986-06-25 1988-05-24 Compagnie Generale D'electrolyse Du Palais Process for stopping and restarting an electrolytic refining installation
CN201186954Y (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-01-28 河南神火铝业股份有限公司 Apparatus for aluminum smelting full load cell starting and closing cell
WO2019171235A1 (en) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Dubai Aluminium Pjsc Method for early detection of certain abnormal operating conditions in hall-héroult electrolysis cells
CN109055987A (en) * 2018-10-24 2018-12-21 中国铝业股份有限公司 A kind of method that aluminium cell seat pocket stops slot
CN111286759A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-16 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 Control method and system for participation of electrolytic aluminum load in emergency control of power grid

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