CN113755893A - Processing method for coping with long-time large-amplitude load reduction of aluminum electrolysis series - Google Patents
Processing method for coping with long-time large-amplitude load reduction of aluminum electrolysis series Download PDFInfo
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- CN113755893A CN113755893A CN202111081454.2A CN202111081454A CN113755893A CN 113755893 A CN113755893 A CN 113755893A CN 202111081454 A CN202111081454 A CN 202111081454A CN 113755893 A CN113755893 A CN 113755893A
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209219 Hordeum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method for dealing with long-time large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series, which comprises the steps of calculating the seating quantity of anodes; selecting a certain number of cell middle poles to sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell and disconnecting the cell middle poles from the bus; adjusting the electrolyte level to a suitable height; before the load is recovered, the level of the whole series of electrolytes is measured; restoring the lower-seated anode in gradient, and finishing the shell surface of the electrolytic cell; after the load is recovered, the production conditions are adjusted, and the normal production is gradually recovered. The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to a treatment method for coping with long-time large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to a processing method for greatly reducing load of an aluminum electrolysis series for a long time.
Background
Electrolytic aluminum is used as a domestic main high-energy-consumption enterprise, the power consumption of each ton of aluminum is nearly 13500kWh/T.Al, the requirement of the industry on electric power is extremely high, and the domestic electrolytic aluminum enterprise is mainly distributed in a thermal power developed area for producing coal in the north or an area with abundant water and electricity in the south in consideration of controlling the power consumption cost. At present, most domestic electrolytic aluminum enterprises adopt a self-supply power plant + off-grid mode to ensure the supply of electrolytic aluminum power of the enterprises, and are influenced by national policies, the operating power generation capacity of a newly-built thermal power generating unit is not lower than 350MW, the load capacity allocated to the off-grid is limited, during the power outage detection and operation period of the self-supply large units of the electrolytic aluminum enterprises, the other large units are subjected to unpredictable failure shutdown, under the condition of limited off-grid load and insufficient power supply (or in the water shortage period in the south) the electrolytic aluminum plants face a long-time series load reduction operation situation, even under the condition of serious insufficient power supply, the enterprises need to be forced to shut down partial electrolytic cells to ensure series production.
At present, domestic electrolytic cells tend to develop in large scale, the current intensity of a mainstream aluminum electrolytic cell is generally over 400KA, the heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell tends to increase along with the increase of the cell type, according to the past load reduction experience, if the operation of the electrolytic cell is required to be ensured, the limit of load reduction is about 10 percent (namely the operation current of the 400KA electrolytic cell is not less than 360KA for a long time), meanwhile, the load reduction operation of the electrolytic cell can also cause extreme damage to the production operation process of the electrolytic cell, so that the reduction of the aluminum production quantity and the reduction of economic indexes such as aluminum power consumption per ton, aluminum consumption per ton, anode consumption per ton and the like are caused, in addition, the load reduction operation of the electrolytic cell causes the cold stroke of the electrolytic cell, the hearth of the electrolytic cell is deteriorated, the precipitation at the bottom of the electrolytic cell is increased, the legs are lengthened, and the like, the current efficiency is inevitably sacrificed to solve the above problems when the current intensity is recovered, and the load reduction operation can cause great difficulty in the production operation of the electrolytic cell, the labor intensity of the staff is high. If the cell needs to be shut down to ensure production, the high maintenance cost of the cell and the reduction of day and night of the cell will result in a reduction in the aluminum production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a treatment method for coping with the long-time large load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series, which quickly converts an electrolysis bath with large capacity and large load into an electrolysis bath with small capacity and small load by seating part of anodes into the bottom of the electrolysis bath and disconnecting an anode guide rod from a horizontal bus of the electrolysis bath.
In order to realize the functions, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a processing method for dealing with long-time and large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the quantity of the anode falling seats according to the load reduction amplitude, wherein the principle is to ensure that the current density of the running anode is consistent with or close to the current density in the normal production period, and the quantity of the anode falling seats is an integer; taking the anode of 48 groups of the NEUI400KA electrolytic cells as an example, if the load is reduced by 11%, the current intensity is reduced to 356KA, and the number of the anode seats is 48-356 × 48/400 ≈ 5.28 ≈ 5 blocks;
2) selecting the corresponding number of the cell middle poles of the electrolytic cell according to the calculated number of the lower-seated anodes, positioning and scribing, seating the selected anodes below the electrolytic cell by using a multifunctional unit, and disconnecting the anode guide rod from the horizontal bus of the electrolytic cell; it is considered that an insulating material is additionally arranged at the connecting part of the guide rod and the bus;
3) finishing the collapse of the electrolytic cell shell surface caused by the anode sitting down by using a thin anode covering material, and supplementing and preserving heat;
4) adjusting the electrolyte level to a suitable height; taking a NEUI400KA electrolytic cell as an example, the electrolytic cell is not higher than 20cm and not lower than 16cm, so as to avoid the occurrence of rinsing claws of a working anode;
5) calculating new alumina consumption according to the load reduction amount, and adjusting blanking intervals;
6) in the process of load reduction production, the blanking amount of the villiaumite is adjusted according to the change of the electrolyte molecular ratio, and the aluminum level in the cell is adjusted through the aluminum output amount;
7) before load recovery, the full-series electrolyte level is measured, on the premise of ensuring the electrolyte level, the load is recovered in a gradient manner, the load ascending gradient can be determined according to the number of the lower-seated anodes and the height of the descending electrolyte level after the anodes are recovered, before the load is ascended, the lower-seated anodes are firstly recovered to the original height in a gradient manner according to the ascending amplitude, the horizontal bus is connected to ensure that the anodes enter a working state, and then the load is synchronously recovered in a gradient manner; for example, the load of an NEUI400KA electrolytic cell is reduced by 11%, 5 groups of anodes are taken as a base, after the heights of 3 groups of anodes are restored by using a multifunctional unit, the load is restored by 60%, the full-series electrolyte level height is measured, the reduction of the electrolyte level is recorded, and the electrolyte level of each cell is adjusted. On the premise of ensuring that the electrolyte is horizontal to a certain height and runs stably, the height of the rest 2 groups of anodes is recovered by using a multifunctional unit, the anodes are connected with a horizontal bus to ensure that the anodes enter a working state, then the load of 40 percent is recovered, and the full-series electrolyte level is measured and adjusted; after each load recovery, the adjustment of blanking intervals is noticed, the number of the anodes recovered each time can be determined according to the electrolyte level descending amount after the single group of anodes are recovered, if the electrolyte height is high enough, the load can be recovered in place at one time, the good contact between the anodes and the electrolyte is ensured in the whole anode recovery process, and the short-circuit port explosion accident caused by the separation of the electrolyte from the anodes in the anode recovery process is strictly avoided;
8) trimming the shell surface of the electrolytic cell, adjusting production conditions and gradually recovering normal production.
Preferably, the selection and consideration rules of the poles in the tank described in step 2) are as follows:
1) the middle poles of the selected cells need to be staggered and evenly distributed on the surface of the electrolytic cell A, B;
2) considering that the electrolyte level and the aluminum level are raised to a certain degree due to the fact that the anode is seated downwards, the anode is required to have a certain height in order to avoid rinsing claws during subsequent electrolytic production operation; taking the NEUI400KA electrolytic cell as an example, the aluminum level is near 30cm after the anode is seated, the electrolyte level is near 20cm, and the height of the selected anode needs to be more than 50 cm.
The invention adopts the structure to obtain the following beneficial effects: the processing method for coping with the long-time large-amplitude load reduction of the aluminum electrolysis series, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple operation and reasonable design, can quickly convert an electrolytic cell with large capacity and large load into an electrolytic cell with small capacity and small load during the load reduction, can quickly convert the electrolytic cell with small capacity and small load into the electrolytic cell with large capacity and large load after the current is recovered, simultaneously ensures the current density in the electrolytic cell, can ensure the maintenance of the superheat degree of electrolyte in the electrolytic cell, basically ensures other operation indexes and economic indexes except that the yield is reduced due to the reduction of the current intensity, and does not basically increase the labor intensity of staff.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Taking the load reduction of a NEUI400KA electrolytic cell with 48 groups of anodes as an example, and the current intensity is reduced to 356KA, the invention relates to a treatment method for coping with the long-time large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series, which comprises the following steps:
1) according to the load reduction amplitude, in order to ensure that the current density of the operating anode is consistent with or close to the current density in the normal production period, the anode setting number is 48-356 × 48/400-5.28 ≈ 5 blocks;
2) the five groups of anodes of the electrolysis baths A3, A10, A20, B16 and B5 are staggered with each other, the height is more than 50cm, the 5 groups of anodes are positioned and scribed at first, a multifunctional machine set is used for loosening the five groups of anodes to clamp and sitting below the electrolysis bath, and highland barley paper is additionally arranged at the connecting part of a guide rod and a bus of the five groups of anodes for insulation;
3) using a thin anode covering material to treat the collapse of the lower anode and supplementing heat preservation;
4) adjusting the electrolyte level to 16-20cm, and checking the working anode to avoid rinsing claws;
5) calculating new alumina consumption according to the load reduction amount, and adjusting blanking intervals;
6) in the load reduction production process, the blanking amount of the villiaumite is adjusted according to the change of the electrolyte molecular ratio; adjusting the aluminum level in the groove through the aluminum output amount;
7) before load recovery, the full-series electrolyte level is measured, and the electrolyte level is adjusted to be more than 18 cm;
8) the multifunctional machine set is used for recovering the heights of 3 groups of anodes, then the highland barley paper is drawn out, the clamps are tightened again, the anodes are ensured to enter a working state, the load is recovered by 60 percent, the full-series electrolyte level height is measured, the reduction of the electrolyte level is recorded, and the electrolyte level of each cell is adjusted;
9) if the reduction range of the electrolyte is too large when the anode is recovered to a normal state for the first time, the production needs to be stabilized for a period of time, the blanking interval is adjusted, when the recovered electrolyte level is more than 16cm, the multifunctional unit is used for recovering the heights of the rest 2 groups of anodes, the highland barley paper is drawn out, the clamp is tightened again to ensure that the anode enters a working state, then the load of 40 percent is recovered, and the full-series electrolyte level height is measured and adjusted;
10) if the reduction range of the electrolyte is not large when the anode is recovered to a normal state for the first time, the electrolyte level is integrated to be more than 16cm, the height of the rest 2 groups of anodes can be recovered by directly using a multifunctional unit, highland barley paper is drawn out, a fixture is tightened again to ensure that the anode enters a working state, then 40% of load is recovered, and through measuring and adjusting the level of the full-series electrolyte, 5 groups of anodes can be recovered at one time when the next load is recovered;
11) trimming the shell surface of the electrolytic cell, adjusting production conditions and gradually recovering normal production.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, but the description is not limited to the embodiments, and the actual configuration is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A processing method for dealing with long-time and large-amplitude load reduction of an aluminum electrolysis series is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) calculating the number of the anode seats according to the load reduction amplitude, wherein the number of the anode seats is an integer;
2) selecting the corresponding number of the cell middle poles of the electrolytic cell according to the calculated number of the lower-seated anodes, positioning and scribing, seating the selected anodes below the electrolytic cell by using a multifunctional unit, and disconnecting the anode guide rod from the horizontal bus of the electrolytic cell;
3) finishing the collapse of the electrolytic cell shell surface caused by the anode sitting down by using a thin anode covering material, and supplementing and preserving heat;
4) adjusting the electrolyte level to a proper height to avoid the occurrence of rinsing claws of the working anode;
5) calculating new alumina consumption according to the load reduction amount, and adjusting blanking intervals;
6) in the load reduction production process, the blanking amount of the villiaumite is adjusted according to the change of the electrolyte molecular ratio; the horizontal height of the aluminum in the groove is adjusted by controlling the aluminum output amount;
7) before load recovery, the full-series electrolyte level is measured, on the premise of ensuring the electrolyte level, the load is recovered in a gradient manner, the load ascending gradient is determined according to the number of the lower-seated anodes and the height of the descending electrolyte level after the anodes are recovered, before the load is ascended, the lower-seated anodes are recovered to the original height according to positioning in a gradient manner, the horizontal bus is connected to enter normal production, and the load is recovered in a synchronous gradient manner; the blanking interval is adjusted after each load recovery, the number of the anodes recovered each time is determined according to the electrolyte level descending amount after the single group of anodes are recovered, if the electrolyte height is high, the electrolyte level does not descend greatly after the anodes are recovered to the normal height, the load can be recovered in place at one time, the anodes and the electrolyte are ensured to be in good contact in the anode recovery process, and the short-circuit port explosion accident caused by the separation of the electrolyte from the anodes in the anode recovery process is strictly avoided;
8) trimming the shell surface of the electrolytic cell, adjusting production conditions and gradually recovering normal production.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rule of selection and consideration of the cell intermediate pole in step 2) is as follows:
1) the middle poles of the selected cells need to be staggered and evenly distributed on the surface of the electrolytic cell A, B;
2) the anode downset will cause the electrolyte level and aluminum level to rise and the selected anode will need to be of a certain height.
3. The method for handling the long-time large-scale load reduction of the aluminum electrolysis series according to claim 1, wherein the current density of the operating anode is ensured to be consistent with or close to the current density in the normal production period when the number of the anode seats is calculated in the step 1).
4. The processing method for dealing with the long-time and large-amplitude load reduction of the aluminum electrolysis series according to claim 1, wherein the positioning is realized by scribing at the joint of the guide rod and the horizontal bus in the step 2).
5. The method for treating the great load reduction of the aluminum electrolysis series for a long time according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the anode guide rod and the horizontal bus bar of the electrolysis bath is broken in the step 2) by adding an insulating material at the connection between the guide rod and the bus bar.
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2021
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