CN113755428A - 一种改善家畜胚胎体外发育质量的培养方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及胚胎工程技术领域,具体涉及一种改善家畜胚胎体外发育质量的培养方法,所述方法主要通过在猪胚胎基础培养液中添加mTOR抑制剂INK128实现。实施本发明可有效抑制胚胎的细胞凋亡并显著延长胚胎的存活时间且囊胚具有正常的形态,发育相关基因的mRNA显著增强。本发明提供的培养方法操作简单、效果明显,为提高家畜胚胎生产效率以及促进辅助生殖技术的发展提供了新思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于胚胎工程技术领域,具体涉及一种改善家畜胚胎体外发育质量的培养方法。
背景技术
猪是我国主要的家畜品种,同时由于其在解剖结构、生理功能和病理特征等方面与人相似,因此在繁育新技术研发、人类医学模型构建、转基因生物反应器制备等领域均具有重要研究价值。上述科研工作需要大量的优质胚胎作为基础研究素材,但经济成本决定了难以依赖体内获取猪胚胎用于相关研究,因此需要建立一套高效的猪胚胎体外培养技术体系。但与小鼠、牛、羊等动物相比,猪胚胎体外生产技术体系尚不成熟,存在卵母细胞成熟质量差、多精受精率高、胚胎发育率低等诸多问题,尤其是体外获得的囊胚非常容易退化,严重制约了相关领域的发展,提高猪胚胎体外生产效率、改善胚胎体外发育质量势在必行。
mTOR(雷帕霉素靶蛋白)是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,在各种生物进程中发挥了重要作用。mTOR信号传导可调节物质代谢、细胞生长、凋亡自噬等多种关键细胞功能。此外,线虫、酵母、蠕虫和哺乳动物中的研究表明,mTOR信号在机体衰老中起到关键作用。抑制mTOR后,通过增加自噬,有助于清除受损的蛋白和线粒体等细胞器,进而减缓衰老。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种改善猪胚胎体外发育质量的培养方法,降低胚胎体外培养期间有害物质的积累,有效改善胚胎体外发育质量,且方法简单易行,便于应用。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种猪胚胎体外培养基,在基础培养液中添加180~400nM的mTOR抑制剂。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式,所述的mTOR抑制剂为INK128。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式,所述的基础培养液为mPZM5。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式,所述的猪胚胎体外培养基为在基础培养液mPZM5中添加200~400nM的mTOR抑制剂INK128。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式,所述的猪胚胎体外培养基为在基础培养液mPZM5中添加200nM的mTOR抑制剂INK128。
本发明所述的猪胚胎体外培养基在改善猪胚胎体外发育质量中的应用。
一种改善猪胚胎体外发育质量的培养方法,所述方法包括在猪胚胎基础培养液中添加mTOR抑制剂。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式,所述mTOR抑制剂在培养液中的浓度为180~400nM,优选200~400nM,进一步优选200nM。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式,所述mTOR抑制剂为INK128。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式,在猪胚胎的体外培养阶段添加mTOR抑制剂;优选地,在四细胞期添加。
本发明中所述基础培养液mPZM5,包括以下组分:氯化钠6.3115g/L、碳酸氢钠2.1061g/L、氯化钾0.7455g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.0476g/L、七水硫酸镁0.0986g/L、乳酸半钙0.4364g/L、丙酮酸钠0.0220g/L、亚牛磺酸0.5458g/L、谷氨酰胺0.2923g/L,2%MEM氨基酸(50X)、1%MEM非必需氨基酸(100×)、牛血清白蛋白4.000g/L。
本发明有益效果:
INK128是一种低毒、有效的特异性mTOR抑制剂,纳摩尔水平的浓度即可有效抑制各种类型细胞中mTOR活性。本发明首次发现,猪胚胎体外培养期间添加200nM的INK128大幅延长了孤雌胚胎的囊胚的存活时间,INK128处理可提高猪胚胎体外发育质量,显著改善胚胎凋亡现象,为猪体外胚胎在基础研究领域的广泛应用提供了技术支持;同时,INK128对于猪受精囊胚的效果与孤雌激活胚胎有相似结果,有效延长囊胚存活时间且囊胚率较高,显著高于对照组的2.5%。此外,直接添加在培养液中可以维持正常的囊胚形态。
附图说明:
图1为INK128药物处理设计方案
图2为Annexin V囊胚染色形态分类
图3为INK128处理对囊胚凋亡的影响
图4为INK128处理对猪受精囊胚形态的影响
图5为处理对受精胚发育相关基因表达的影响
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步阐述。除非特殊说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法与设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1猪胚胎体外培养
1、卵母细胞采集及成熟培养
从屠宰场采集母猪卵巢,放入37℃生理盐水于4h内运回实验室,经生理盐水反复冲洗后,注射器抽取2-6mm中等大小卵泡,体视显微镜下挑选卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs),经洗卵液清洗干净后,放入成熟培养液中继续培养44-48h。培养条件为39℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度,成熟培养液需提前放入培养箱平衡2-3h。
成熟培养液配制:TCM-199添加0.1%牛血清白蛋白、3.05mM D-葡萄糖、0.91mM丙酮酸钠、0.5μg/mL的LH、0.5μg/mL的FSH、20ng/mL表皮生长因子,0.22uM滤器过滤除菌后4℃保存待用,使用前添加10%猪卵泡液和0.57mM半胱氨酸。
2、胚胎激活、体外受精及后续培养
将成熟培养后的COCs与0.1%的透明质酸酶混合,利用合适口径的玻璃口吸管反复吹打,去除卵丘细胞,挑选胞质均匀、卵周隙内有明显第一极体的卵母细胞进行电激活。卵母细胞经激活液充分洗涤后放入电融合槽,利用BTX ECM 2001电融合仪激活。激活参数为1.2KV/cm,40μs电击两次。激活后胚胎经充分洗涤后,置于含5μg/mL细胞松弛素B(CB)的mPZM5中于培养箱内处理3-4h。处理结束后,胚胎经mPZM5充分洗涤后,依实验设计添加INK128,置入mPZM5中进行后续培养,并分别于培养第1天(D1)、第2天(D2)、第4天(D4)、第6天(D6)观察卵裂率、4-细胞率、桑椹胚率和囊胚率。
透明质酸酶配制:DPBS配制,终浓度0.1%,0.22uM滤器过滤除菌后-20℃冻存待用。
激活液配制:细胞培养级超纯水添加0.28M甘露醇、0.05mM氯化钙、0.1mM硫酸镁、0.1%牛血清白蛋白,0.22uM滤器过滤除菌后-20℃冻存待用。
CB/INK128配制:DMSO溶解,储备液至少1000倍以上,-20℃冻存待用。
体外受精:预平衡mTBM,开始培养COCs。胚胎培养液做滴,于CO2培养箱中预平衡,备用。准备受精用mTBM,取中平皿,做10个50uL含有咖啡因和BSA的mTBM的培养滴。卵母细胞成熟后,在透明质酸酶中脱去卵丘,置于受精液中洗涤两次,再将其放入受精小滴中,每个小滴放20-30个成熟卵母细胞,等待受精。冷冻精液解冻,迅速从液氮中取出冷冻精液,3秒内放于37℃恒温水浴锅中解冻30秒,迅速取出并用干净毛巾擦干细管外部。用剪子剪断细管封口段,将精液推至含10mL-mTBM的离心管中,混匀,离心机1900rpm,4min离心。小心去除上部悬浮精子及多余mTBM,吸取底部精子,重新放置于10mL平衡好的mTBM中,重复离心过程。将上述再次离心获得的底部精子,放至含有咖啡因与BSA的mTBM中。将上述精子进行细胞计数,判定活力及精子密度,活力低于0.6时不予使用,最终精子密度调整为0.5×106,受精4-6h后取出受精卵,经充分洗涤后,放至PZM5中进行培养,每天一次,观察胚胎发育情况。
受精液(mTBM):使用胚胎培养级超纯水,按氯化钠6.611g/L、氯化钾0.224g/L、2水氯化钙1.102g/L、TRIS2.423g/L、葡萄糖1.982g/L、丙酮酸钠g/L配置,经0.22um滤器过滤后置于4℃保存。使用前添加2mM的咖啡因和0.2%的BSA。
mPZM5配制:细胞培养级超纯水配制,各组分如下:氯化钠6.3115g/L、碳酸氢钠2.1061g/L、氯化钾0.7455g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.0476g/L、七水硫酸镁0.0986g/L、乳酸半钙0.4364g/L、丙酮酸钠0.0220g/L、亚牛磺酸0.5458g/L、谷氨酰胺0.2923g/L,2%MEM氨基酸(50X)、1%MEM非必需氨基酸(100×)、牛血清白蛋白4.000g/L。调整PH为7.2-7.4,0.22uM滤器过滤除菌后4℃保存待用,有效期2个月。
3、INK128处理实验设计及效果
利用孤雌激活胚胎,按浓度依次递增的方式,在卵母细胞和胚胎体外培养基中,全程添加不同浓度的INK128(0nM、100nM、200nM、400nM、1000nM、5000nM)。结果如表1所示,200nM的INK128处理后,不影响第6天的囊胚发育率(BL-D6),同时,在第12天,仍可维持较高比例的存活囊胚(BL-D12)。200nM的INK128处理后,第12天囊胚率为27.5%,显著高于对照组(0nM)的5.5%,表明低至200nM的INK128处理有效延长了胚胎的体外存活时间。
如附图1所示,按时间顺序,根据卵母细胞和胚胎的体外发育进程,将发育进程分别划分以下几个阶段:成熟(Maturation)、激活(Activation)、1cell、4cell、16cell、囊胚(Blastocyst)。其中,成熟培养时间为44-48h,激活时间为3-4h,将CB处理后胚胎置入mPZM5的时间记为第0天(D0)。
INK128处理设计方案如下:依附图1所示,分别于不同时间点,依次在成熟液或胚胎培养液中添加200nM的INK128,直至胚胎培养至12天。1-6所对应的黑色条框代表了INK128的添加时间,根据划分的发育阶段,添加时间依次递减,对照组(control)不添加INK128。并根据延长培养后的囊胚率及囊胚凋亡染色情况,准确评估INK128处理效果。
INK128处理后效果:如表2所示,INK128处理4(即4cell阶段添加INK128)与对照组相比,2-cell、4-cell、Morula及E-Blastocyst率均无显著差异,第12天囊胚率为28.2%,显著高于对照组的1.8%和全程添加组(处理方案1)的21.5%。
表1 INK128处理对猪胚胎体外发育的影响
备注:同一列不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下表同。
表2不同阶段添加INK128对猪孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响
4、囊胚凋亡染色
为更直观的验证INK128对胚胎发育质量的改善,分别选取INK128处理4及对照组中D6、D8、D10的囊胚,进行凋亡检测。因为对照组的D12囊胚数量极少,故未做检测比较。Annexin V-FITC凋亡检测试剂盒购自南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司,按说明书进行操作,简述如下:口吸管收集囊胚,用PBS充分洗涤后,置于Binding Buffer中,按比例加入适量AnnexinV-FITC工作液,室温避光孵育10-15min,转移至Hoechst 33342染色液中,室温避光孵育10-15min,进行细胞核染色,PBS洗涤后,压片,荧光显微镜观察拍照。
如附图2所示,通过Annexin V凋亡检测进行分析,将囊胚凋亡形态分为三类:-:无凋亡,囊胚胞质整体着色较浅,无明显着色斑点;+:凋亡较轻,囊胚胞质中不规则分布着色斑点,数量2-4块,着色面积不超过1/5;++:凋亡较重,囊胚胞质中不规则着色斑点,数量较多,着色较重,着色面积超过1/3。同时,Hoechst 33342染色情况显示,++组细胞核染色亮度更强。
如附图3所示,第6天囊胚染色情况表明,INK128组与对照组囊胚基本未发生凋亡,仅发生少量轻度凋亡;待发育至第8天,与INK128组相比,对照组无凋亡比例显著下降,轻度凋亡(+)和重度凋亡(++)比例显著增加;发育至第10天时,对照组基本全为轻度和重度凋亡,其中重度凋亡比例超过一半,而同期的INK128组,基本无重度凋亡,多数为轻度凋亡和无凋亡类型。这一结果进一步证实INK128处理可提高猪胚胎体外发育质量,显著改善胚胎凋亡现象,为猪体外胚胎在基础研究领域的广泛应用提供了技术支持。
5、受精卵验证INK128效果
上述孤雌胚胎中的研究表明,自4细胞期后添加200nM的INK128可延长囊胚的体外存活时间、明显缓解了细胞凋亡的发生,改善了胚胎的发育质量。接下来,我们将INK128用于受精胚胎的培养,结果如表3所示,受精胚胎获得了与孤雌胚胎相似的结果。即与对照组相比,INK128处理,在不影响囊胚发育率的同时(BL-D6),显著延长了胚胎的体外存活时间,第12天(BL-D12),处理组囊胚率仍可维持15.6%,对照组为2.5%。同时,如附图3所示,INK128处理后,第6天(D6)、第8天(D8)、第10天(D10)和第12天(D12)中,多数囊胚状态良好,而对照组则基本全部退化。
表3 INK128处理对猪受精胚胎体外发育的影响
6、囊胚发育相关基因检测
收取待检囊胚,用BSA/PBS操作液洗涤三次,同一检测批次胚胎数量保持一致,每组至少10个以上,置于含有裂解液的无酶离心管中,立即进行RNA提取。微量RNA提取试剂盒购自invitrogen,将提取的RNA反转录为cDNA(表4),混匀后在PCR仪器中进行42℃,2分钟。然后按照反转录反应体系(表5)步骤进行,混匀后在PCR仪器中50℃15分钟,85℃5分钟进行反应得到cDNA。引物序列详见表6,实时荧光定量检测反应体系见表7,反应程序见表8。每组实验重复三次,以GAPDH作为内参,实验结果使用2-△△Ct法分析基因的相对表达量。
如附图5表明,INK128处理后,Oct4、Sox2、Cdx2表达量显著升高,在基因方面也证明INK128对胚胎的发育具有良好的促进作用。
本技术领域的普通技术人员应当认识到,以上所述实施例仅用来阐述本发明,而并非用作对本发明的限定,只要在本发明的实质精神范围内,对以上所述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本发明的权利要求范围内。
表4
表5
表6
表7
表8
Claims (10)
1.一种猪胚胎体外培养基,其特征在于,在基础培养液中添加180~400nM的mTOR抑制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的猪胚胎体外培养基,其特征在于,所述的mTOR抑制剂为INK128。
3.根据权利要求1所述的猪胚胎体外培养基,其特征在于,所述的基础培养液为mPZM5。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的猪胚胎体外培养基,其特征在于,所述的猪胚胎体外培养基为在基础培养液mPZM5中添加200~400nM的mTOR抑制剂INK128。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的猪胚胎体外培养基,其特征在于,所述的猪胚胎体外培养基为在基础培养液mPZM5中添加200nM的mTOR抑制剂INK128。
6.权利要求1~3中任一项所述的猪胚胎体外培养基在改善猪胚胎体外发育质量中的应用。
7.一种改善猪胚胎体外发育质量的培养方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括在猪胚胎基础培养液中添加mTOR抑制剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的培养方法,其特征在于,所述mTOR抑制剂在培养液中的浓度为180~400nM,优选200~400nM,进一步优选200nM。
9.根据权利要求7所述的培养方法,其特征在于,所述mTOR抑制剂为INK128。
10.根据权利要求7~9中任一项所述的培养方法,其特征在于,在猪胚胎的体外培养阶段添加mTOR抑制剂;优选地,在四细胞期添加。
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