CN113750970A - 一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113750970A
CN113750970A CN202111121970.3A CN202111121970A CN113750970A CN 113750970 A CN113750970 A CN 113750970A CN 202111121970 A CN202111121970 A CN 202111121970A CN 113750970 A CN113750970 A CN 113750970A
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graphene oxide
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based nanocomposite
dispersion liquid
alkylamine
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赵莎莎
张欢乐
陈士勇
马玉
田玉芹
王耀国
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Ningbo Fengcheng Advanced Energy Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料,所述氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料为在纳米氧化石墨烯表面接枝C14‑C18的烷基胺基团得到;所述纳米氧化石墨烯的尺寸为100‑1000nm。本申请中的氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料采用一步合成的方法,制备工艺简单,氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料提高了材料的亲水性,同时有效抑制了氧化石墨烯的层间团聚现象。其对废水中的重金属离子和有机污染物均具有良好的吸附作用。并且具有较高的表面能和比表面积,相对一般材料具有更强的吸附效果。

Description

一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本申请涉及一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料及其制备方法和应用,属于水处理技术领域。
背景技术
水资源合理利用和水处理已经成为了社会和政府所关注的重点问题之一,传统水处理方法需大型设备,且工艺复杂、投入成本高。纳米材料作为新型材料,具有比表面积大、溶解速度快、吸附能力强、无需依赖大型设备等优点,在水处理领域表现出良好的发展前景。
研究表明石墨烯家族吸附剂在处理有机、无机和生物水体污染物中都有效果。石墨烯单层具有2600m2g-1的理论比表面积,是一种理想的无孔道吸附材料,对水中Pb2+、Cd2+、Hg2+、Cr6+、As3+/As5+有很强的去除能力。而氧化石墨烯表面含有大量含氧官能团,及其亲水的特性成为了水处理领域研究的热点。但由于氧化石墨烯自身极易团聚絮凝,导致比表面积减小,降低吸附效率,甚至发生自身的沉淀失效,限制了氧化石墨烯在水处理领域的应用。
一般废水中污染物成分较为复杂,而现有吸附材料功能单一,仅对部分种类污染物有一定吸附作用,且污染物浓度越高,氧化石墨烯基吸附材料越容易团聚,吸附效果越差;另外现有氧化石墨烯复合材料制备工艺相对复杂。
因此,开发一种相对稳定,吸附能力强的氧化石墨烯基纳米吸附材料,可以促进氧化石墨烯在水处理领域的应用。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本申请的一个方面在于提供一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料。该材料亲水性较好,同时有效抑制了氧化石墨烯的层间团聚现象。
可选地,所述氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料包括纳米氧化石墨烯和C14-C18的烷基胺基团;
所述C14-C18的烷基胺基团接枝到纳米氧化石墨烯的表面。
所述C14-C18的烷基胺基团中的C14-C18表示烷基碳链中包含14-18个碳原子。
可选地,纳米氧化石墨烯的尺寸为100-1000nm。
可选地,所述C14-C18的烷基胺包括正十八烷基胺基、正十六烷基胺基、正十四烷基胺基中的至少一种。
作为本申请的另一个方面,本申请提供了该氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的制备方法,采用一步合成的方法,制备工艺简单。
一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将含有纳米氧化石墨烯和C14-C18的烷基胺的混合物反应,得到氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料。
可选地,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)获取纳米氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将C14-C18的烷基胺加入到纳米氧化石墨烯分散液中,反应,得到氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料。
可选地,所述纳米氧化石墨烯分散液中纳米氧化石墨烯的浓度为1-100mg/L;
可选地,所述获取纳米氧化石墨烯分散液包括:将氧化石墨烯分散在水中进行超声裁剪得到;
可选地,所述超声裁剪频率20-60kHz,超声裁剪时间0.1-5h。
可选地,所述步骤(2)中将1-20质量份的C14-C18的烷基胺加入到10-100质量份的纳米氧化石墨烯分散液中;
可选地,所述步骤(2)中的反应条件为:在600-1200转/分的转速下搅拌反应,反应时间为4-18小时。
作为一个具体的方案,氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的制备方法如下:
1)将氧化石墨烯用去离子水稀释至1-100mg/mL,并搅拌均匀待用;
2)将上述氧化石墨烯分散液进行超声剪切,其中超声频率20-60kHZ,超声时间0.1-5h,使氧化石墨烯尺寸达到纳米级别:100-1000nm,纳米尺寸的材料具有更高的表面活性以及比表面积,具有更强的吸附能力和絮凝能力,大于该尺寸在合成过程中和使用过程中容易沉淀,;
3)取1-20份质量的长链胺(如十八胺、十六胺、十四胺),加入至10-100份质量的步骤2中的氧化石墨烯分散液中,快速搅拌4-18小时,机械搅拌速度:600-1200转/分钟;
4)停止搅拌,烘干研磨后即可得到氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料。
可选地,所述C14-C18的烷基胺包括十八胺、十六胺或十四胺中的至少一种。
作为本申请的又一个方面,本申请还提供了利用该氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料作为吸附剂进行水处理的方法。该材料对重金属离子和有机污染物均具有良好的吸附作用。氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料为纳米尺寸,具有较高的表面能和比表面积,相对一般材料具有更强的吸附效果。
所述应用包括如下步骤:
将氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料加入待处理的污水中,氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料吸附污水中的污染物;
所述氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的加入量为:0.5%-1%。
可选地,所述污水的pH为3-10。
可选地,所述吸附的温度为0-70℃。
可选地,所述污染物包括重金属离子、有机污染物和悬浮物中的至少一种。
可选地,所述重金属离子包括铜离子、铅离子、汞离子、铬离子中的至少一种。
氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料主要有以下作用:a)氧化石墨烯表面富含羟基、羧基等含氧官能团,可以通过静电吸附、氢键及配体络合等作用对重金属离子等进行吸附和络合;
b)在氧化石墨烯表面接枝的长链胺,是亲油类物质,可以吸附有机污染物;
c)在氧化石墨烯表面的含氧官能团呈现负电位,可通过电中和、吸附架桥作用,吸附去除水中的悬浮物质。
d)复合材料具备三维结构,比表面积更大,结构更加稳定,吸附效果好。
本发明能够产生的有益效果包括:
1、氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料采用一步合成的方法,制备工艺简单。
2、氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料对废水中的重金属离子和有机污染物均具有良好的吸附作用。
3、氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料为纳米尺寸,具有较高的表面能和比表面积,相对一般材料具有更强的吸附效果。
4、氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料提高了材料的亲水性,同时有效抑制了氧化石墨烯的层间团聚现象。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中得到的氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的扫描电镜图;
图2为稳定性实验结果,左侧烧杯中为未处理的氧化石墨烯分散液,右侧为实施例1中的氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料分散液。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详述本申请,但本申请并不局限于这些实施例。
其余材料如无特别说明,则均通过商业途径购买。
实施例中COD的测定方法为:重铬酸盐法,根据标准HJ 828-2017《水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》中方法进行测试,
铜离子、铅离子、汞离子和铬离子含量的测定方法为:水中铜离子、铅离子和铬离子含量测试方法为电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法,汞离子含量测试方法为原子荧光分光光度法,根据标准GB/T34673-2017《纺织染整助剂产品中9种重金属含量的测定》中方法进行测试。
扫描电镜图型号为日本日立公司S-4800。
实施例1:
制备氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料,步骤如下:
1)将氧化石墨烯用去离子水稀释至1mg/mL,并搅拌均匀待用;
2)将上述氧化石墨烯分散液进行超声剪切,其中超声频率20kHZ,超声时间0.5h,使氧化石墨烯尺寸达到100-1000nm级别;
3)取10mg的十四烷基胺,加入至100mL的步骤2)中的得到的氧化石墨烯分散液中,快速搅拌4小时,机械搅拌速度600转/分钟;
4)停止搅拌,烘干研磨后即可得到氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料。
如图1所示,制备得到氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料具备三维结构,比表面积更大。
实施例2:
制备氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料,步骤如下:
1)将氧化石墨烯用去离子水稀释至5mg/mL,并搅拌均匀待用;
2)将上述氧化石墨烯分散液进行超声剪切,其中超声频率40kHZ,超声时间1h,使氧化石墨烯尺寸达到100-1000nm级别;
3)取20mg的十六烷基胺,加入至20mL的步骤2)中的得到的氧化石墨烯分散液中,快速搅拌12小时,机械搅拌速度800转/分钟;
4)停止搅拌,烘干研磨后即可得到氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料。
实施例3:
水处理实验
将实施例1中得到的氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料0.5g加入到100g待处理的污水中,所述污水的pH为6,在25摄氏度下吸附反应0.5h,处理前后污染物含量如下表所示:
项目 COD(mg/L) 铜(mg/L) 铅(mg/L) 汞(mg/L) 铬(mg/L)
污水样品 477 121.4 5.8 8.3 30.6
处理后 9.8 0.056 0.009 0.0003 0.023
实施例4
稳定性实验
实验方法为:将接枝处理前后的氧化石墨烯0.5g分别加入100g矿化水中,矿化水中矿化度为1w(100g水中含有1gNaCl),常温放置24h,观察改性前后氧化石墨烯分散状态。
如图2所示,未进行接枝处理的氧化石墨烯粉末发生团聚,沉淀在烧杯底部。而本申请实施例1中的氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料保持均匀的分散,说明经过烷基胺接枝改性后,氧化石墨烯粉末在盐水中稳定性提高。
以上所述,仅是本申请的几个实施例,并非对本申请做任何形式的限制,虽然本申请以较佳实施例揭示如上,然而并非用以限制本申请,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本申请技术方案的范围内,利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许的变动或修饰均等同于等效实施案例,均属于技术方案范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料,其特征在于,所述氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料包括纳米氧化石墨烯和C14-C18的烷基胺基团;
所述C14-C18的烷基胺基团接枝到纳米氧化石墨烯的表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料,其特征在于,纳米氧化石墨烯的尺寸为100-1000nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料,其特征在于,所述C14-C18的烷基胺包括正十八烷基胺基、正十六烷基胺基、正十四烷基胺基中的至少一种。
4.权利要求1-3所述的任一种氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将含有纳米氧化石墨烯和C14-C18的烷基胺的混合物反应,得到氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)获取纳米氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将C14-C18的烷基胺加入到纳米氧化石墨烯分散液中,反应,得到氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米氧化石墨烯分散液中纳米氧化石墨烯的浓度为1-100mg/mL;
优选的,所述获取纳米氧化石墨烯分散液包括:将氧化石墨烯分散在水中进行超声裁剪得到;
优选地,所述超声裁剪频率20-60kHz,超声裁剪时间0.1-5h。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中将1-20质量份的C14-C18的烷基胺加入到10-100质量份的纳米氧化石墨烯分散液中;
优选地,所述步骤(2)中的反应条件为:在600-1200转/分的转速下搅拌反应,反应时间为4-18小时。
8.权利要求1-3任一项所述的氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料和/或根据权利要求4-7中任一项制备方法制备得到的氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料作为水处理吸附材料的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料加入待处理的污水中,氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料吸附污水中的污染物;
优选地,所述氧化石墨烯基纳米复合材料的加入量为:0.5%-1%质量分数;
优选地,所述污水的pH为3-10;
优选地,所述吸附的温度为0-70℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述污染物包括重金属离子、有机污染物中的至少一种;
优选地,所述重金属离子包括铜离子、铅离子、汞离子、铬离子中的至少一种。
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CN112791697A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-05-14 华南理工大学 一种弹性超疏水石墨烯凝胶球及其制备方法与应用
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