CN113750223B - 负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体、其包被液及应用 - Google Patents
负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体、其包被液及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113750223B CN113750223B CN202110937847.2A CN202110937847A CN113750223B CN 113750223 B CN113750223 B CN 113750223B CN 202110937847 A CN202110937847 A CN 202110937847A CN 113750223 B CN113750223 B CN 113750223B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- endolysin
- liposome
- guar gum
- vibrio parahaemolyticus
- cationic guar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/51—Lyases (4)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/40—Viruses, e.g. bacteriophages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种脂质体,具体涉及一种负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体、其包被液及应用,属于生物技术领域。所述脂质体包被液包括:有效量的磷脂、胆固醇和弹性增强剂,以及噬菌体内溶素0.1‑0.8 mg/mL,阳离子瓜尔胶;包被液中,噬菌体内溶素与阳离子瓜尔胶的重量比为1:1至1:15。脂质体及其包被液对副溶血弧菌具有有效的杀菌活性,经过高温和冻干处理后仍保留很强的杀菌活性。在蛤蜊养殖过程中应用可有效杀灭水体环境中的副溶血弧菌,杀菌率最高在99%以上,减少蛤蜊副溶血弧菌的污染。且对污染了副溶血弧菌的蛤蜊具有很好的净化作用,脂质体添加至热变性内溶素终浓度25µg/mL时对蛤蜊体内副溶血弧菌杀菌率超过90%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脂质体,具体涉及一种负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体、其包被液及应用,属于生物技术领域。
背景技术
副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)属于弧菌属,是一种重要的革兰氏阴性人畜共患致病菌,广泛存在于各种海产品中。生食或食用未熟透的被副溶血弧菌污染的食物极易引发急性肠胃炎,和头痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、低烧等症状,全世界因该病原体引起的细菌性胃肠炎的比例超过45%。近几十年来,由于在养殖生产中滥用抗生素导致副溶血性弧菌对多种抗生素表现出高度耐药性。部分亚洲和欧洲国家(韩国、中国、意大利和波兰等)从海产品中分离出的副溶血性弧菌对氨苄西林、利福平、链霉素等抗生素具有较高的耐药性。
噬菌体内溶酶是噬菌体编码的肽聚糖水解酶,具有裂解速度快、特异性强、安全性高、不易产生耐药性等优势,是抗生素的理想替代品。内溶素Lysqdvp001来源于副溶血弧菌噬菌体qdvp001,比其亲本噬菌体具有更广泛的裂解谱,表现出对多种弧菌的肽聚糖裂解活性。在副溶血弧菌耐药性日益严重的现在,内溶素Lysqdvp001作为一种控制耐多药副溶血弧菌的潜在武器具有一定的优势。但副溶血弧菌具有革兰氏阴性菌特有的外膜结构,细菌外膜阻止了内溶素到达其目标肽聚糖底物,使副溶血弧菌对内溶素的直接应用不敏感,限制了内溶素在控制副溶血弧菌危害方面的应用。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体,该脂质体对副溶血弧菌具有很好的杀菌效果。
本发明提供一种负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体的包被液。
为实现上述目的,本发明具体采用以下方案:
一种脂质体包被液,所述脂质体包被液包括:
有效量的磷脂、胆固醇和弹性增强剂,
以及噬菌体内溶素0.1-0.8mg/mL,阳离子瓜尔胶;
包被液中,噬菌体内溶素与阳离子瓜尔胶的重量比为1:1至1:15。其中,构成磷脂膜的磷脂、胆固醇和弹性增强剂的用量为本领域技术人员常规选择,在本发明中不做赘述。
阳离子瓜尔胶是由瓜尔胶经季铵化反应合成的阳离子多糖,经发明人研究发现,由于其本身带正电,添加至脂质体可以有效提高脂质体的表面正电荷,靶向细菌带负电的表面环境,提高脂质体的杀菌效果。
本发明的脂质体包含磷脂。磷脂可选自天然磷脂、合成磷脂、以及它们的组合。卵磷脂为其中一种天然来源的磷脂。卵磷脂是存在于蛋黄和大豆等物质中的混合物。它包含多种磷脂,包括磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、和磷脂酰肌醇(PI)。天然磷脂也包括例如氢化大豆PC(HSPC)、鞘磷脂、和磷脂酰甘油(PG)。
本发明的脂质体包含弹性增强剂。优选的,弹性增强剂选自胆酸钠、脱氧胆酸钠、聚山梨醇酯80(Tween80)、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(Span80)、油酸、甘草酸二钾盐(KG)和胆固醇醚中的一种或几种。优选的,弹性增强剂为表面活性剂,例如阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂或两性离子表面活性剂,优选非离子表面活性剂。进一步优选地,非离子表面活性剂为Tween80、Span-80或聚氧乙烯胆固醇醚中的一种或几种。
作为优选,所述噬菌体内溶素为副溶血弧菌噬菌体内溶素,噬菌体内溶素与阳离子瓜尔胶的重量比为1:5至1:15。
作为优选,所述脂质体包被液的10mL体系含有:大豆卵磷脂80μg、胆固醇20μg、副溶血弧菌噬菌体内溶素2-8mg、阳离子瓜尔胶10-30mg和Tween80 8-12μL。所述的大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、Tween80均为商品化的食品级材料或添加剂,适用于工业化生产。
作为优选,该脂质体包被液的制备方法包括以下步骤:
a)将磷脂、胆固醇和弹性增强剂溶解在有机溶剂中形成预混物;
b)从所述预混物中蒸发掉所述有机溶剂以形成磷脂膜;
c)噬菌体内溶素和阳离子瓜尔胶共混的体系与磷脂膜的水合;
d)均化,以形成脂质体的包被液。
作为优选,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1、内溶素的预处理:利用大肠杆菌表达重组噬菌体内溶素,热处理使其部分变性后,离心除去沉淀获得内溶素溶液;
S2、磷脂膜的制备:将磷脂、胆固醇、弹性增强剂溶解于有机溶剂的混合体系中得到预混物,将预混物旋蒸,在容器的内壁上形成磷脂膜,干燥;
S3、磷脂膜的水合:向步骤S1制得的热变性内溶素溶液中加入阳离子瓜尔胶,使热变性内溶素与阳离子瓜尔胶的重量比为1:1至1:15,得到的混合液加入步骤S2所述的容器中,旋蒸,以使磷脂膜与容器壁分离,水化充分溶于混合液中;
S4、脂质体包被液的制备:混合液经水浴超声处理后,得到脂质体包被液。
内溶素热处理的目的是:加热使内溶素部分变性,可以让内溶素的蛋白结构展开,内部疏水基团暴露,提高内溶素的疏水性和与细菌膜的相互作用能力,经实验证实,相比于未经加热的天然内溶素,热变性得到的内溶素杀菌活性有显著提升。
S1中,内溶素的热处理对内溶素的酶活性没有显著影响,可提高内溶素杀菌活性,热处理条件温和,避免了蛋白在极端条件下的聚集和变性失活。内溶素热处理的温度为70±2℃,加热时间1-6min;最佳温度为70℃加热6min。
作为优选,上述脂质体包被液的制备方法中,
S1中,利用镍柱纯化和透析进行脱盐处理获得纯度较高的内溶素,调节得到的内溶素溶液,使内溶素溶液中内溶素浓度为200-400μg/mL;
S2中,干燥的条件是60℃干燥2h;所述有机溶剂是由10mL氯仿与甲醇2:1的体积比组成。
S2和S3中,旋蒸的条件是:在40±2℃条件下以70±10RPM的转速下旋蒸;
S4中,所述水浴超声处理的条件是:在室温下,频率为40Hz条件下,水浴超声时间为2h。
作为优选,步骤S3中,混合液体系中,内溶素浓度为200-400μg/mL,所述的阳离子瓜尔胶添加浓度为1-3mg/mL。最佳浓度为1.5-2.5mg/mL。最佳浓度为2.0mg/mL。
一种脂质体,由本发明所述的脂质体包被液冻干后得到。
一种所述的脂质体或其包被液在水产养殖中作为杀菌剂的应用。进一步的,所述的杀菌指杀灭副溶血弧菌。
作为优选,脂质体添加至养殖水体中噬菌体内溶素终浓度10至50μg/mL,最优为10至30μg/mL,最佳值为25μg/mL。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明的负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体、其包被液的制备方法简单,操作便捷;
2、本发明的负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体、其包被液对副溶血弧菌具有有效的杀菌活性,高温和冻干处理后仍保留很强的杀菌活性,可将其作为一种针对副溶血弧菌的杀菌剂应用于水产养殖过程中。
3、以蛤蜊养殖为例,本发明的负载噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体、其包被液在蛤蜊养殖过程中应用,可有效杀灭水体环境中的副溶血弧菌,杀菌率最高在99%以上,减少蛤蜊副溶血弧菌的污染;且对污染了副溶血弧菌的蛤蜊具有很好的净化作用,脂质体添加至热变性内溶素终浓度25μg/mL时对蛤蜊体内副溶血弧菌杀菌率超过90%。
附图说明
构成本发明一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明所述方法的工艺流程图;
图2为加热时间对内溶素酶活性的对比图;
图3为加热时间对内溶素杀菌活性的对比图;
图4为阳离子瓜尔胶添加浓度对脂质体抗菌活性的对比图;
图5为负载热变性噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体热稳定性测定示意图;
图6为负载热变性噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体冻干前后杀菌活性测定示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。应当理解本发明的实施并不局限于下面的实施例,对本发明所做的任何形式上的变通和或改变都将落入本发明保护范围。
在本发明中若非特指所有的份、百分比均为重量单位所采用的设备和原料等均可从市场购得或是本领域常用的。
本发明试验涉及的菌株:副溶血弧菌VP17802(保藏号为ATCC17802)购买于美国ATCC中心,可表达内溶素的工程菌Rosetta(Lysqdvp001)保藏于中国海洋大学食品安全实验室。
LB液体培养基,2216E培养基,青岛海博生物技术有限责任公司;
NiSepharose TM 6Fast Flow填料,美国GE公司;
异丙基-β-D-l硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG),胆固醇(Chol),北京索莱宝科技有限公司;
大豆卵磷脂(PC),吐温80(T-80),上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司;
阳离子瓜尔胶,广州瑞誉化工科技有限公司。
实施例1一种热变性内溶素的制备方法
1、热变性内溶素的制备
将可表达内溶素的工程菌Rosetta(Lysqdvp001)接种于5mL含有50μg/mL卡那霉素的LB液体培养基中,37℃振荡(150r/min)过夜培养。次日,按照1:50的比例将过夜培养的菌液加入到新鲜的LB液体培养基中(300mL,含有50μg/mL卡那霉素),37℃150r/min培养2-3h至OD600 nm大约0.6。加入IPTG至终浓度为1mmol/L,25℃150r/min诱导4h。然后在4000r/min,4℃条件离心20min,去上清,用缓冲液(含20mmol/L Na2HPO3,500mmol/L NaCl,pH 8.0)复融细菌沉淀,混合均匀后进行超声破碎,然后8000r/min离心30min去除不溶性细胞碎片,过0.22μm滤膜,获得粗酶液。采用NiSepharose TM 6Fast Flow进行纯化,利用10kD超滤管进行脱盐处理获得纯度较高的内溶素。将内溶素溶液(200-400μg/mL)在70℃下加热0-10min后,8000r/min离心15min去除不溶性沉淀,利用10kD超滤管进行超滤浓缩获得热变性内溶素溶液。
2、加热时间对热变性内溶素酶活性的影响
挑取副溶血弧菌VP17802至300mL 2216E液体培养基中,过夜培养,菌体离心,用100mmol/L EDTA复融5min,4℃、8000r/min条件下离心10min,然后用纯水复融、离心两次获得细菌沉淀,-80℃保存。测定活性之前,将副溶血弧菌细菌沉淀用50mmol/L Tris缓冲液(pH 8.2,含0.1%Triton X-100)。在96孔板中加入100μL细菌复融液,然后加入100μL热变性内溶素Lysqdvp001(终浓度200μg/mL),20℃处理30min后,测定OD450 nm值。以Tris缓冲液作为阴性对照,热处理时间为0的内溶素为阳性对照,OD450 nm值的下降反映内溶素酶活性。相对酶活性计算公式为:相对酶活性=Δ测定组OD450 nm(热变性内溶素实验组降低值)/Δ阳性对照组OD450 nm(未经热处理的内溶素处理组降低值)。
结果如图2所示,与未经热处理的内溶素相比,70℃加热2-6min后的内溶素相对酶活性没有显著下降(均接近1.0),表明加热6min以内对内溶素的酶活性没有显著影响,70℃加热8和10min后的内溶素相对酶活性下降至0.75和0.74,表明加热超过8min,内溶素的酶活性显著下降。
3、加热时间对热变性内溶素杀菌活性的影响
挑取副溶血弧菌VP17802至300mL 2216E液体培养基中,过夜培养,菌体离心,用Tris缓冲液复融。在EP管中加入500μL细菌复融液,然后加入500μL热变性内溶素Lysqdvp001(终浓度200μg/mL),以Tris缓冲液作为对照,37℃,150r/min条件处理2h后,使用TCBS平板,通过平板记数法测定各组的可培养菌数。
结果如图3所示,对照组副溶血弧菌可培养菌数为7.70log10 CFU/mL,70℃加热0-6min后的内溶素处理的副溶血弧菌可培养菌数分别为6.90,6.02,6.25和5.37log10CFU/mL。70℃加热8和10min后的内溶素处理副溶血弧菌的可培养菌数分别为7.54和7.32log10CFU/mL。这些数据表明70℃加热0到6min,内溶素杀菌活性有随热处理时间的增加而增加的趋势,70℃加热时间超过8min,内溶素杀菌活性显著下降。
实施例2一种负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体的制备方法
1、负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体的制备
本方法的工艺流程图如图1所示,将大豆卵磷脂(PC)80μg、胆固醇(Chol)20μg、吐温80(T-80)10μL溶解在装有10mL氯仿与甲醇(2:1v/v)的混合体系中。将混合液转移至圆底烧瓶中,再接入旋转蒸发器,以75rpm、40℃的条件进行真空旋蒸,旋蒸1.5-2h,在烧瓶的内壁上形成单层脂质体。将形成单层脂质体的圆底烧瓶放入常压恒温烘箱中,设定温度为60℃,进行干燥2h。70℃加热6min获得的热变性内溶素溶液用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)调节至热变性内溶素浓度为0.2mg/mL,加入阳离子瓜尔胶至0-3mg/mL。取10mL热变性内溶素和瓜尔胶混合液添加至圆底烧瓶中,在40℃条件下以70rpm的转速,旋蒸10min以使该薄膜与玻璃壁分离,水化充分溶于混合液中。将获得的分散体混合液置于超声波清洗器中,设定温度为25℃、频率为40Hz,进行水浴超声处理2h,即获得脂质体包被液。将获得脂质体包被液进行冻干,即获得脂质体干粉。
2、阳离子瓜尔胶浓度对脂质体粒径、PDI和ZETA电位的影响
用激光粒度仪(Nanotrac wave II,马尔文仪器公司,英国)测定脂质体的粒径、PDI和ZETA电位。
表1添加不同浓度阳离子瓜尔胶的脂质体的平均粒径,PdI和ZETA分析
结果如表1所示,随着阳离子瓜尔胶浓度的增加,脂质体平均粒径和ZETA电位不断增加。脂质体的PdI在0.34到0.53之间,均小于0.6,表明脂质体均匀度良好。
3、阳离子瓜尔胶浓度对脂质体杀菌活性的影响
挑取副溶血弧菌VP17802至300mL 2216E液体培养基中,过夜培养,菌体离心,用Tris缓冲液复融。在EP管中加入500μL细菌复融液,然后加入500μL含有负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体的PBS缓冲液(热变性内溶素终浓度25μg/mL),以Tris缓冲液作为对照,37℃,150r/min条件处理2h后,使用TCBS平板,通过平板记数法测定各组的可培养菌数。
结果如图4所示,随着制备脂质体阳离子瓜尔胶添加浓度的上升,脂质体处理后的副溶血弧菌可培养菌数先增加后减少并趋于平衡,并且当阳离子瓜尔胶浓度增加到2.0mg/mL以上,脂质体处理的副溶血弧菌可培养菌数下降到达约5.0log10CFU/mL。这些结果表明随着制备脂质体阳离子瓜尔胶浓度的增加,脂质体的抗菌活性先减少后增加,且阳离子瓜尔胶浓度增加到2.0mg/mL以上,脂质体抗菌活性没有显著增加。
实施例3负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体热稳定性和冻干前后抗菌活性测定
1、负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体热稳定性的测定
将阳离子瓜尔胶浓度添加量为2.0和3.0mg/mL的负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体Z2和Z3在60-90℃下分别加热10min后备用。挑取副溶血弧菌VP17802至300mL2216E液体培养基中,过夜培养,菌体离心,用Tris缓冲液复融。在EP管中加入500μL细菌复融液,然后分别加入500μL含有Z2和Z3脂质体的PBS缓冲液(热变性内溶素终浓度25μg/mL),以Tris缓冲液作为阴性对照,未经热处理的脂质体为阳性对照,37℃,150r/min条件处理2h后,使用TCBS平板,通过平板记数法测定各组的可培养菌数,以副溶血弧菌可培养菌数下降值反应脂质体杀菌活性。相对杀菌活性的计算公式为:相对杀菌活性=Δ测定组可培养菌数/Δ阳性对照组可培养菌数。
结果如图5所示,Z2和Z3脂质体热稳定性良好,60-90℃加热处理10min后仍能保持至少近80%的杀菌活性。
2、负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体冻干前后抗菌活性的测定
将Z2和Z3脂质体(阳离子瓜尔胶浓度添加量2.0和3mg/mL)冻干后用等体积的无菌水复溶,备用。挑取副溶血弧菌VP17802至300mL 2216E液体培养基中,过夜培养,菌体离心,用Tris缓冲液复融。在EP管中加入500μL细菌复融液,然后加入500μL含有负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体的PBS缓冲液(热变性内溶素终浓度25μg/mL),以Tris缓冲液作为阴性对照,未经冻干处理的脂质体为阳性对照,37℃,150r/min条件处理2h后,使用TCBS平板,通过平板记数法测定各组的可培养菌数,,以副溶血弧菌可培养菌数下降值反应脂质体杀菌活性。相对杀菌活性的计算公式为:相对杀菌活性=Δ测定组可培养菌数/Δ阳性对照组可培养菌数。
结果如图6所示,Z2(阳离子瓜尔胶浓度添加量2.0mg/mL)脂质体冻干后复溶效果好,抗菌活性没有下降,Z3(阳离子瓜尔胶浓度添加量3.0mg/mL)脂质体冻干后复溶效果不好,有明显絮状沉淀,抗菌活性也有著显下降。
实施例4负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体在防治蛤蜊副溶血弧菌污染中的应用
1、负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体在预防蛤蜊副溶血弧菌污染中的应用
选取鲜活蛤蜊放置于无菌海水静养48h,期间不断换水。之后在养殖水体中接种VP17802(约1.13×105CFU/mL),处理组加入Z2和Z3脂质体至热变性内溶素终浓度为25和50μg/mL处理4h。处理完毕后测定水体中副溶血弧菌的数量,各组三个平行试验结果取平均数。将处理完毕的蛤蜊开壳取肉,测定副溶血弧菌的数量,各组六个平行试验结果取平均数。
表2负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体在蛤蜊养殖水体中的杀菌效果分析
表2显示了负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体在蛤蜊养殖水体中的杀菌效果,Z2和Z3脂质体在蛤蜊养殖水体中可以有效杀灭副溶血弧菌。Z2脂质体(热变性内溶素25和50μg/mL)处理能杀灭水体中超过99%的副溶血弧菌,Z3脂质体(热变性内溶素25和50μg/mL)处理能杀灭水体中超过约82%-95%的副溶血弧菌。
表3负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体预防蛤蜊副溶血弧菌污染效果分析
表3是负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体预防蛤蜊副溶血弧菌污染中的应用效果。在蛤蜊养殖水体中添加Z2和Z3脂质体可有效防止副溶血弧菌在蛤蜊体内的富集,脂质体处理组中蛤蜊体内副溶血弧菌数量显著低于与对照组,下降约0.83-1.34log10CFU/g。
2、负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体在蛤蜊净化的应用
选取鲜活蛤蜊放置于无菌海水静养48h,期间不断换水。之后在养殖水体中接种VP17802(约2.92×107CFU/mL),16℃培养4h让蛤蜊富集副溶血弧菌,然后转移至无菌海水。处理组加入Z2和Z3脂质体至热变性内溶素终浓度为25和50μg/mL处理4h。将处理完毕的蛤蜊开壳取肉,测定副溶血弧菌的数量,各组六个平行试验结果取平均数。
表4负载热变性内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体在蛤蜊净化的应用效果分析
结果如表4所示,Z2和Z3脂质体处理后蛤蜊中的副溶血弧菌数目均发生显著下降,Z2和Z3脂质体添加至热变性内溶素终浓度25μg/mL时,杀灭了超过90%的副溶血弧菌,在蛤蜊体内发挥了一定的抗菌效果,最高能使副溶血弧菌下降约1.4log10CFU/g。但随着脂质体添加量的增加,杀菌效果反而下降,Z2和Z3脂质体添加至热变性内溶素终浓度50μg/mL时,仅杀灭了蛤蜊中约50%-60%的副溶血弧菌。
以上对本发明所提供的负载热变性副溶血弧菌噬菌体内溶素的阳离子瓜尔胶脂质体、其制备方法及应用进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种脂质体包被液,其特征是所述的脂质体包被液的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、内溶素的预处理:利用大肠杆菌表达重组噬菌体内溶素,热处理使其部分变性后,离心除去沉淀获得内溶素溶液;热处理的温度为70±2 ℃,加热时间1-6 min;
S2、磷脂膜的制备:将大豆卵磷脂 80 µg、胆固醇 20 µg和聚山梨醇酯80 8-12 µL溶解于有机溶剂的混合体系中得到预混物,将预混物旋蒸,在容器的内壁上形成磷脂膜,干燥;
S3、磷脂膜的水合:向步骤S1制得的内溶素溶液中加入阳离子瓜尔胶,得到的混合液加入步骤S2所述的容器中,旋蒸,以使磷脂膜与容器壁分离,充分水化溶于混合液中得到分散体混合液;
混合液体系中,噬菌体内溶素浓度为200 µg/mL,所述的阳离子瓜尔胶添加浓度为2-3mg /mL;
S4、脂质体包被液的制备:所得分散体混合液经水浴超声处理后,得到脂质体包被液;
所述噬菌体内溶素为副溶血弧菌噬菌体内溶素,该噬菌体内溶素的制备方法包括:
将可表达内溶素的工程菌Rosetta Lysqdvp001接种于5 mL含有50 μg /mL卡那霉素的LB 液体培养基中,37 ℃振荡过夜培养;
次日,按照 1:50 的比例将过夜培养的菌液加入到新鲜的LB液体培养基中,37 ℃ 150r /min培养2-3h;加入IPTG至终浓度为1 mmol /L,25 ℃ 150 r /min 诱导 4 h;
然后在4000 r /min,4 ℃条件离心20 min,去上清,用含20 mmol/L Na2HPO3,500mmol/L NaCl,pH 8.0的缓冲液复融细菌沉淀,混合均匀后进行超声破碎,然后8000 r/min离心30 min去除不溶性细胞碎片,过0.22 µm滤膜,获得粗酶液;
采用NiSepharose TM 6Fast Flow进行纯化,利用10 kD超滤管进行脱盐处理获得纯度较高的内溶素。
2.一种脂质体,其特征是由权利要求1所述的脂质体包被液冻干后得到。
3.一种权利要求1所述的脂质体包被液或权利要求2所述的脂质体在制备用于水产养殖副溶血弧菌杀菌剂中的应用。
4. 如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征是:添加至养殖水体中噬菌体内溶素终浓度10至30 µg/mL。
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