CN113749044B - Black pig breeding method - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding black pigs, which comprises the steps of selecting a first generation of herd, selecting pure-breed Meishan pigs as female parents, selecting pure-breed Tibetan fragrant pigs as male parents, carrying out hybridization, and selecting sow piglets as first generation female parents for later use after the Meishan pigs female parents farrowing; selecting a second generation group, namely breeding a first generation female parent piglet to estrus in the first step, selecting a pure black-gold pig as a male parent for hybridization, and selecting a sow piglet as a second generation female parent for later use after the first generation female parent farrowing; thirdly, selecting the breeding pigs, namely selecting pure duroc pigs as male parents when the second-generation female parents piglings in the second step are raised to the oestrus, hybridizing, and taking the piglings as the breeding pigs after the second-generation female parents farrowing; and fourthly, breeding the boar, wherein the boar is fed with the feed for three times in the breeding process, the piglet bred by the breeding method disclosed by the invention is high in growth speed and strong in disease resistance, and meanwhile, the feed for feeding the piglet can promote the growth of the piglet and improve the feed amount and the disease resistance of the piglet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a method for breeding black pigs.
Background
In China, from the pig variety category, there are black Chinese pigs, foreign pigs and wild Chinese pigs. In general, the breeding breeds are mainly the hybridization breeding of domestic black pigs and foreign white pigs, and at present, domesticated wild pigs are also used as commercial products for breeding. As for the pig variety, the black pig in China has black hair, much fat meat, less lean meat, coarse feed resistance, slow production speed, good taste and poor commodity. And the foreign ocean pigs have less fat meat, high lean meat percentage, more feed requirements, high growth speed, short growth period, poor taste and good commodity. In order to obtain a pig breed with a high growth rate, a domestic black pig and a foreign pig are generally used as parents to breed commercial pigs and serve as breeding commercial pigs. The commercial pig has good economical efficiency and high growth speed. In order to maintain the purity of the breed, the black pig individuals in China are usually bred, and offspring of the black pig breed is bred and is fed as commercial pigs. The foreign white pig also carries out self-reproduction to produce offspring commercial pig. However, due to the disordered pig variety and the unclear provenance of the bred commercial piglets, the genes of the hybridized piglets are changeable, adverse characters are easy to appear, the feeding performance, the commodity performance and the meat quality of filial generation pigs are affected, and meanwhile, in the aspect of feed selection, the conventional feed generally causes the fast growth of the live pigs, so that the meat feeling is poor, the meat quality and the nutritional value are not high, and the disease resistance of individuals is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding black pigs, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical means.
A method for breeding black pigs comprises the following steps:
the first step, selecting the first generation of herd, selecting pure breed Meishan pigs as female parent and pure breed Tibetan fragrant pigs as male parent, hybridizing, and after the Meishan pigs female parent farrowing, selecting the sow farrowing as the first generation female parent for feeding and standby;
selecting a second generation of group, namely, when the first generation female parent piglet in the first step is raised to the oestrus, selecting a pure black-gold pig as a male parent for hybridization, and after the first generation female parent farrowing, selecting a sow piglet as a second generation female parent for raising and standby;
thirdly, selecting a boar, namely selecting a pure duroc pig as a male parent when the second-generation female parent pigling of the second step is raised to the oestrus, hybridizing, and taking the pigling as the boar for later use after the second-generation female parent farrowing;
and fourthly, breeding the boars, wherein in the breeding process, the boars are fed with the feed three times a day, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 81.3 parts of main feed, 17.5 parts of wild vegetables and 1.2 parts of additive;
the main feed comprises coarse feed and Chinese herbal medicines;
the roughage comprises corn, potato, sweet potato, and bran coat;
the Chinese herbal medicines comprise herba Houttuyniae, truffle, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, radix Codonopsis, radix astragali, fructus Hordei Germinatus, arecae semen powder, and folium Pini powder;
the wild vegetables include folium Broussonetiae, sweet potato leaf, beet leaf, herba Medicaginis, lolium Perenne, rumex, herba Spinaciae, herba Cichorii, herba Trifolii Pratentis, and herba Dianthi;
the additive is salt and fish meal.
Further, the coarse feed comprises 30 parts of corn, 20 parts of potato, 20 parts of sweet potato and 3 parts of bran coat.
Further, the Chinese herbal medicines comprise 0.5 part of houttuynia cordata, 0.8 part of truffle, 0.5 part of dried orange peel, 0.5 part of codonopsis pilosula, 0.5 part of astragalus membranaceus, 2 parts of malt, 0.5 part of betel nut powder and 3 parts of pine needle powder.
Furthermore, the wild vegetables comprise 9 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 2 parts of sweet potato leaves, 1 part of beet leaves, 0.5 part of alfalfa, 0.5 part of wheat straw, 1 part of water sifter, 0.5 part of rumex, 0.5 part of spinach, 1 part of white cauliflower, 0.5 part of chicory, 0.5 part of red clover and 0.5 part of yellow bamboo grass.
Further, the additive comprises 0.2 part of common salt and 1 part of fish meal.
The piglet cultivated by the cultivation method disclosed by the invention is high in growth speed and strong in disease resistance, and meanwhile, the piglet is fed by the feed disclosed by the invention, so that the growth of the piglet can be promoted, and the feed amount and the disease resistance of the piglet are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited to the details of the description.
A method for breeding black pigs comprises the following steps:
the first step, selecting the first generation of herd, selecting pure breed Meishan pigs as female parent and pure breed Tibetan fragrant pigs as male parent, hybridizing, and after the Meishan pigs female parent farrowing, selecting the sow farrowing as the first generation female parent for feeding and standby;
selecting a second generation of group, namely, when the first generation female parent piglet in the first step is raised to the oestrus, selecting a pure black-gold pig as a male parent for hybridization, and after the first generation female parent farrowing, selecting a sow piglet as a second generation female parent for raising and standby;
thirdly, selecting a boar, namely selecting a pure duroc pig as a male parent when the second-generation female parent pigling of the second step is raised to the oestrus, hybridizing, and taking the pigling (the best black pigling) as the boar for later use after the second-generation female parent farrowing;
and fourthly, breeding pigs, wherein in the breeding process, the breeding pigs are scattered in mountain forests in daytime and are bred in pens in breeding plants at night, the breeding pigs can also be bred in the breeding plants all day long, and the breeding pigs are fed with the feed for three times every day, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 81.3 parts of main feed, 17.5 parts of wild vegetables and 1.2 parts of additive;
the main feed comprises coarse feed and Chinese herbal medicines, wherein the coarse feed comprises corn, potato, sweet potato and bran coat.
The Chinese herbal medicines include herba Houttuyniae, truffle, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, radix Codonopsis, radix astragali, fructus Hordei Germinatus, arecae semen powder, and folium Pini powder.
The wild vegetables are folium Broussonetiae, sweet potato leaf, beet leaf, herba Medicaginis, lolium Perenne, rumex, herba Spinaciae, herba Cichorii, herba Trifolii Pratentis, and herba Sambuci Bullenii.
The additive comprises 0.2 part of salt and 1 part of fish meal.
The primary female parent Meishan pig has the advantages of small body, thin skin, precocity, high reproductive capacity, strong lactation capacity, long service life and delicious meat and is well known in the world. The small Meishan pigs have the advantages of elegant appearance, small heads, shallow and few frontal wrinkles, medium-sized, thin and drooping ears, thin skin Mao Xi, straight back and waist, firm and powerful limbs, white hoofs of the limbs, uniform nipple arrangement and most 16-18 nipples.
The fragrant pig is slightly small in size, similar to a wild pig in appearance, long and sharp in mouth, suitable for arching, narrow in face, slightly few in wrinkles, vertical in two ears, long in bristles, easy to stand, relatively inclined in hip, relatively high in rear trunk, relatively small in four limbs, relatively firm and compact, and generally black in hair color. The Tibetan fragrant pig has fine meat quality, less fat and high nutritive value, and the lean meat can be more than 40 percent.
The first generation male parent black-gold pig has the advantages of firm constitution, moderate head size, moderate drooping in ears, thick and straight mouth tube, slightly narrow body, straight waist and back, strong limbs, few and shallow wrinkles, strong and powerful limbs, higher back body than front body, fresh and tender meat quality, comfortable and delicious taste and much lean meat.
The second-generation male parent duroc boar has the advantages of high growth speed, large skeleton, low feed-meat ratio and delicious meat quality.
The roughage comprises 30 parts of corn, 20 parts of potato, 20 parts of sweet potato and 3 parts of bran coat.
The Chinese herbal medicine in the feed comprises 0.5 part of houttuynia cordata, 0.8 part of truffle, 0.5 part of dried orange peel, 0.5 part of codonopsis pilosula, 0.5 part of astragalus membranaceus, 2 parts of malt, 0.5 part of betel nut powder and 3 parts of pine needle powder. The cordate houttuynia has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, inducing diuresis to reduce edema, and the truffle is rich in protein, amino acid, unsaturated fatty acid, multiple vitamins, zinc, manganese, iron, calcium, phosphorus, selenium and other essential trace elements and can enhance the immunity of pigs. The dried orange peel has the effects of regulating qi, strengthening spleen, eliminating dampness and phlegm, and can reduce abdominal fullness and distention, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea of pigs. The codonopsis pilosula has the effects of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, quenching thirst, strengthening spleen and tonifying lung, nourishing blood and promoting fluid production, and can enhance the appetite of pigs. The astragalus can enhance the physique of the pigs and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The malt is prepared by soaking wheat grains in water, keeping proper temperature and humidity, and sun-drying or low-temperature drying when sprouts grow to about 5mm, and has effects of promoting qi circulation, resolving food stagnation, invigorating spleen, promoting appetite, promoting lactation, relieving flatulence, enhancing pig appetite, and promoting digestion.
The wild vegetables in the feed comprise 9 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 2 parts of sweet potato leaves, 1 part of beet leaves, 0.5 part of alfalfa, 0.5 part of wheat straw, 1 part of water sifter, 0.5 part of rumex, 0.5 part of spinach, 1 part of white cauliflower, 0.5 part of chicory, 0.5 part of red clover and 0.5 part of yellow bamboo grass.
The paper mulberry leaves, the sweet potato leaves, the beet leaves, the spinach and the cleome gynura contain juice, have high protein content, and can provide nutritional ingredients such as amino acid, vitamin, carbohydrate, trace elements and the like for pigs.
The alfalfa, the wheatgrass, the Mesona chinensis Benth, the rumex acetosa Benth, the chicory, the Trifolium pratense L and the Phyllostachys pubescens Benth can increase the dietary fiber of the pig, enhance the intestinal peristalsis of the pig, are beneficial to the digestion and absorption of the pig, have a certain medicinal effect, enhance the immunity of the pig and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
The pine needle powder has high nutritive value, also contains bioactive substances such as flavone, hormone, terpenoid and the like, and has obvious promotion effects on promoting the growth and development of livestock and poultry, enhancing disease resistance, improving reproductive function and the like.
The areca nut powder has the effects of killing parasites, breaking food retention, reducing qi, activating stagnancy, promoting diuresis and resolving dampness, and can prevent pig diarrhea.
The performance and effect of piglets and feeds to be bred will be described below by way of examples.
Experiment one
An experimental field: lanchang Jianhao agricultural pig raising factory
Selecting piglets bred by the application as experimental groups 1 and 2 according to characters; selecting 30 pigs of 28 days old, close in weight, healthy and disease-free, randomly dividing into 3 groups, and feeding 10 pigs in a pig raising factory;
selecting local Tibetan fragrant piglets of the blue lawn as experimental groups 3 and 4, and having characters; selecting 20 pigs of 28 days old, similar weight, healthy and disease-free, randomly dividing into 2 groups, and feeding 10 pigs in a pig raising factory;
selecting local black-gold piglets of the blue lawn as experimental groups 5 and 6, and determining the characters of the local black-gold piglets; selecting 20 pigs with age of 28 days, similar weight, health and no disease, randomly dividing into 2 groups, and feeding 10 pigs in a pig raising factory;
selecting the characters of Duroc piglets (Taiwan Fuchang group) as experimental groups 7 and 8; selecting 20 pigs with age of 28 days, similar weight, health and no disease, randomly dividing into 2 groups, and feeding 10 pigs in a pig raising factory;
four experimental groups were fed the same commercial feed (experimental groups 1, 3, 5, 7) and the same feed as the present application (experimental groups 2, 4, 6, 8) in the same pig farm
The commercial feed is the puffed corn feed of Jiangsu Shichang agriculture and pasture GmbH.
The feeding mode is conventional feeding, the feeding is carried out according to the management of a pig raising factory, the feeding is carried out three times a day, the cleaning is carried out once, and the weight, the end weight, the average daily feed intake and the diarrhea condition of piglets at the initial stage of the experiment are recorded (the diarrhea is recorded once every day for each piglet).
The following table shows the comparison of the growth performance indexes of the piglets fed for 28 days in different experimental groups
From the results of experimental groups 1, 3, 5 and 7 and experimental groups 2, 4, 6 and 8, it was found that the same commercial feed or the feed of the present application was fed under the same feeding conditions. The daily gain of the piglets bred by the breeding method is the largest, which shows that the piglets bred by the breeding method have more excellent growth performance and less days for diarrhea, and shows that the disease resistance of the piglets is also caused by the current Tibetan fragrant pigs, black-gold pigs and Duroc pigs.
From experimental groups 1, 2, experimental groups 3, 4, experimental groups 5, 6, the results of experimental groups 7, 8 contrast each other and know, the piglet of the same breed, feed commercial fodder and the fodder of this application, after feeding the fodder of this application, compare and feed commercial maize fodder, the daily gain of piglet of each breed all increases to some extent, and daily average feed intake also increases, show that the fodder of this application can promote the appetite of piglet, increase the growth rate of piglet, simultaneously, can know through the diarrhea day, feed the fodder of this application, the diarrhea day of piglet descends obviously, show that the fodder of this application can strengthen the physique of piglet, the disease resistance reinforcing.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications which are obvious to the technical scheme of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for breeding black pigs is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step, selecting the first generation of herd, selecting pure breed Meishan pigs as female parent and pure breed Tibetan fragrant pigs as male parent, hybridizing, and after the Meishan pigs female parent farrowing, selecting the sow farrowing as the first generation female parent for feeding and standby;
selecting a second generation of group, namely, when the first generation female parent piglet in the first step is raised to the oestrus, selecting a pure black-gold pig as a male parent for hybridization, and after the first generation female parent farrowing, selecting a sow piglet as a second generation female parent for raising and standby;
thirdly, selecting a boar, namely selecting a pure duroc pig as a male parent when the second-generation female parent pigling of the second step is raised to the oestrus, hybridizing, and taking the pigling as the boar for later use after the second-generation female parent farrowing;
and fourthly, breeding the boars, wherein in the breeding process, the boars are fed with the feed three times a day, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 81.3 parts of main feed, 17.5 parts of wild vegetables and 1.2 parts of additive;
the main feed comprises coarse feed and Chinese herbal medicine;
the roughage comprises 30 parts of corn, 20 parts of potato, 20 parts of sweet potato and 3 parts of bran coat;
the Chinese herbal medicine comprises 0.5 part of heartleaf houttuynia herb, 0.8 part of truffle, 0.5 part of tangerine peel, 0.5 part of pilose asiabell root, 0.5 part of astragalus, 2 parts of malt, 0.5 part of areca powder and 3 parts of pine needle powder;
the wild vegetables comprise 9 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 2 parts of sweet potato leaves, 1 part of beet leaves, 0.5 part of alfalfa, 0.5 part of wheat straw, 1 part of water sifter, 0.5 part of rumex, 0.5 part of spinach, 1 part of white cauliflower, 0.5 part of chicory, 0.5 part of red clover and 0.5 part of pennisetum hydridum;
the additive comprises 0.2 part of salt and 1 part of fish meal.
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