CN113748045A - 电动车辆的可互换能量装置 - Google Patents

电动车辆的可互换能量装置 Download PDF

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CN113748045A
CN113748045A CN202080027195.2A CN202080027195A CN113748045A CN 113748045 A CN113748045 A CN 113748045A CN 202080027195 A CN202080027195 A CN 202080027195A CN 113748045 A CN113748045 A CN 113748045A
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battery
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布莱恩·R·胡夫
凯尔·希基
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Craftsman Motor Vehicle Systems Co ltd
Artisan Vehicle Systems Inc
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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Abstract

一种用于电动车辆的可互换能量装置，使电动车辆能够与现有的电力线路(诸如架空悬链系统)兼容，并且需要很少或不需修改现代电动车辆。所述可互换能量装置具有与电池组相同的形状因数，并与所述车辆的驱动系统完全兼容。所述可互换装置使得电池组能够为适配器交换，以利用现有的电力系统，诸如架空悬链系统。

Description

电动车辆的可互换能量装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2020年4月3日提交的美国实用专利申请第16/839,336号的优先权，该申请要求2019年4月3日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/828,963号的优先权。
技术领域
本公开广泛地涉及电动车辆，更具体地是涉及在地下矿井中使用的电动车辆。
背景技术
2018年2月28日提交的共同待审且共有的美国专利申请第15/908,802号描述了一种用于从电动车辆安装和拆卸电池并将一个电池更换为另一个电池的方法和系统。美国专利申请第15/908,802号的内容是本临时申请的一部分，并且也通过引用以其整体并入。
在单独和至少部分由电力提供动力的车辆中，电力的来源可以来自燃料发动机、混合动力系统或由电池供电的全电动驱动系统。在地下采矿环境中，随着矿井操作人员从传统柴油机械或台车供电的电动机械过渡，传统柴油机械的电力并且清洁的能量替选方案的进步需要适应性。虽然全电动机械变得更容易使用重型电池组形式的车载能量源，但是在一些应用中，能够为电动机械提供可互换的能量源将更加有利。
发明内容
公开了电动车辆的各种实施例。这些实施例描述了电动采矿车辆，其可以由电池供电，或由传统台车系统通过在地下矿井中提供的电气化悬链电缆或轨道供电。可互换装置可以是另一电池，或是使车辆能够由台车系统供电的各种适配器。概念是提供一种可互换能量装置，其可以是另一个电池、另一种类型的电池、发电机、燃料发动机、台车系统适配器，或另一种类型的能量源或另一种类型能量的适配器。可互换装置的尺寸和配置将与为特定类型的电动车辆和车辆驱动系统提供的电池组兼容，以便可以轻松地更换和交换车辆的能量源。
在美国专利申请第15/908,802号中描述了车辆和电池的安装和拆卸方法。本公开设想使用不同类型的能量源或用于能量源的适配器，其具有与所述机械的电池组和驱动系统兼容的形状因数。在美国专利申请第15/908,802号的语言中，主电池组件可以作为车辆或更广泛地是机械的车载能量源供应。
设想各种类型的能量源中的任何一种，其中兼容的形状因数和功能为操作人员提供了一系列选项，以提供用于任何给定电动机械操作的一组合适的能量装置。
在检查以下附图和详细说明后，本发明的其它系统、方法、特征和优点对于本领域技术人员将是或将变得显而易见。意图是，所有这些附加系统、方法、特征和优点包括在本说明书和本发明内容中，处于本发明的范围内，并受所附权利要求书的保护。
附图说明
参考以下附图和说明可以更好地理解本发明。图中的组件不一定按比例绘制，而是重点在于说明本发明的原理。此外，在附图中，相同的附图标记在不同的视图中表示相一致的部分。
图1是由架空电气化悬链电缆或轨道供电的地下采矿机械的透视图。
图2是示出有两个可互换能量装置的机械的一部分的示意图，示出了两个装置都在所述机械外。
图3是机械的一部分的示意图，示出了一个可互换能量装置被安装在平台上，另一可互换能量装置被示出在所述机械外。
具体实施方式
电动车辆可以配备有车载能量装置，诸如使车辆能够自由移动的电池组。在一些传统的地下矿井中，电动车辆由诸如悬链线路或导轨的导电轨道之类有线连接供电。
图1中所示的车辆10是传统的电动车辆，其由悬链线路或轨道12经由被连接至车辆的顶表面的台车接电杆16端部处的接触靴14与台车接电杆底座18之间的接触来供电。
在一些地下矿井中，安装了悬链线路并为其供电。为了使得能够在现有矿井中采用现代电动车辆，提供了一种可互换能量装置，其使较新的车辆能够向后兼容具有台车系统基础设施的现有矿井。图2和图3概念性地示出了可以在地下矿井中使用的电动车辆和电池组。参考图2，仅示出了车辆20的一部分，该部分具有电池安装平台，在该例证性实施例中，该电池安装平台靠近驾驶室。车辆20可以具有车载辅助电池，以在能量源交换操作期间为车辆供电，或在电池充电区域之间移动等。在图2中示出了电池22，并且电池22可以是在美国专利申请第15/908,802号中所述的电池组类型。图2中还示出了具有与电池22的形状因数相同的可互换能量装置24。本文中使用的电池22和能量装置24都是可互换能量装置。能量装置24用作适配器，用于使用现有的台车系统(图1)为车辆20供电。因此，能量装置24虽然具有与电池22相同的形状因数，但包括台车接电杆底座26、台车接电杆28以及接触靴30和32。装置24的形状因数与电池的相同，并且装置22与车辆20上的电池安装硬件以及车辆20的驱动系统完全兼容。
图3示出了车辆20，示出了可互换装置24被安装在车辆上，并且电池22在车辆外。交换方法的完整描述可以在美国专利申请第15/908,802号中找到。架空电缆或悬链轨道40被示意性地示出为与能量装置的接触靴30和32接触。以这种方式，可以看出可以采用可互换能量装置来使车辆20与现有的架空悬链系统(OCS)兼容。在一些环境中，OCS可以是不连续的，在这种情况下，车辆的辅助电池可以用于从一段OCS到另一段OCS为车辆供电。辅助电池还为美国专利申请第15/908,802号中所述的能量源安装和拆卸操作供电。
可互换装置使车辆很少或无需改动即可在现有的OCS系统或将采用车载电源的新环境中操作。该系统使所述机械能够根据需要接载台车装置以根据操作条件的需要来交换能量源。这为车队或矿山操作人员提供了所需的灵活性，以确保系统向前和向后兼容。
应理解，在这一概念的范围内，能量源的变化是可能的。也就是说，可互换能量源装置可以是电池、不同类型的电池、发电机、燃料发动机或用于任何现有的能量基础设施的适配器。还应理解，该系统可以与诸如电池、适配器等装置的任何组合一起使用。
还应理解，能量源与驱动系统和驱动控制器兼容并与之通信。能量源，无论是电池或台车适配器，还是另一类型的能量源，都将与所述驱动系统和控制器兼容。
本文中所述的OCS、架空悬链系统或轨道可以涉及用于离线操作的选项，诸如地面电源或车载蓄能系统。虽然车载发电是研究较少的第三选项，但这可以随着氢燃料电池技术而改变。在本公开的范围内，也设想能量系统的任何组合。
地面电源可以是接触式的或非接触式的。接触式地面电源基本上采用嵌入式输电轨，这通常用于地铁系统中，并且被用在一些早期的有轨电车系统上。这项技术的许多改进版本可以在具有来自加热或冷却需求或需要穿越陡峭斜坡的重载的挑战性环境中提供优势，所有这些需求都会迅速耗尽蓄电系统。
可以预先存在的另一种类型的基础设施是使用感应线圈为车辆供电的非接触式地面电源。通常，只有当车辆直接位于线圈上方时才会发生这种电力传输，并且可以通过将其与车载蓄电装置相结合来扩大这种系统的范围，使得线圈不需要沿着系统的整个长度存在。
车载蓄能装置提供对地面电源的替选或补充。蓄能机构包括电池、电容器、飞轮，并且在一些情况下，还包括从制动中回收动能以提高系统效率。在有限段上离线运行的系统通常能够像在有线段上运行一样为车载电源再充电。更长跨度的离线操作可以需要充电站方法，这可以通过在停车处足够的停留时间来实现。例如，在一些有轨电车系统中，在车站处的经编程的停留接触时间足以为车顶上安装的超级电容器再充电，即：在对于其占空比而言惯常的短时间内充电。
通常，本文中使用的“电动车辆”是指至少在一种操作模式下将电力用于推进目的的车辆。因而，电动车辆包括全电动车辆(例如，具有牵引电机和仅仅车载蓄电装置或用于从诸如架空悬链或供电轨道的非车载源接收电能的机构的车辆)，混合动力电动车辆(例如，具有牵引电机、蓄能装置、液压推进装置以及用于为蓄能装置充电和/或直接产生动力以使牵引电机运行的燃料发动机、燃料电池等的车辆)，双模式车辆(例如，具有纯发动机操作模式和纯电力操作模式的车辆，或具有第一操作模式和第二操作模式的车辆，在第一操作模式下，牵引电力由发动机提供，在第二操作模式下，牵引电力由另一来源提供)，柴油电动车辆和其它发动机电动车辆(例如，具有发动机来为牵引电机运行产生电力的车辆)，以及上述的组合和变型。电动车辆可以具有一台牵引电机，或者具有多台牵引电机；“牵引电机”是指具有足够大小和容量的电机，用以移动足够大小的车辆进行指定操作。
此外，路旁站的车辆接口设备可以包括：“插入”模块，例如，车辆插入路旁站的插座中，以从所述路旁站接收电力；连续电力接口，车辆在移动时可以通过该连续电力接口接收车外电力，诸如前述的悬链线路或输电轨等等。
虽然已经描述了本发明的各种实施例，但是本说明旨在是例证性的，而不是限制性的，并且对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，在本发明的范围内可以有更多的实施例和实施方式。因而，本发明除了所附权利要求书及其等同物之外不受限制。此外，可以在所附权利要求书的范围内进行各种修改和改变。

Claims (8)

1.一种向电动车辆供应能量的系统，包括：
电动车辆，所述电动车辆具有能量装置安装和拆卸平台；
第一可互换能量装置，所述第一可互换能量装置被配置成可移除地安装在所述车辆的所述平台上并适于为所述车辆的驱动系统供电；
第二可互换能量装置，所述第二可互换能量装置被配置成可移除地安装在所述车辆的所述平台上并适于为所述车辆的驱动系统供电；以及
辅助电池，所述辅助电池被设置在所述车辆上，以为安装或拆卸所述第一或第二可互换能量装置中的一个可互换能量装置供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述辅助电池在第一和第二可互换能量装置断开时为所述车辆供电。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第一可互换能量装是提供车载蓄能的电池组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第二可互换能量装置是提供车外能量的台车系统适配器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第一或第二可互换能量装置中的至少一个可互换能量装置是提供车载蓄能的电池组。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第一或第二可互换能量装置中的至少一个可互换能量装置是提供车外能量的台车系统适配器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第一可互换能量装是发电机。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述第一可互换能量装是超级电容器。
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