CN113746401B - Aviation electric excitation starting motor excitation loop topological structure and excitation method thereof - Google Patents
Aviation electric excitation starting motor excitation loop topological structure and excitation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113746401B CN113746401B CN202111176579.3A CN202111176579A CN113746401B CN 113746401 B CN113746401 B CN 113746401B CN 202111176579 A CN202111176579 A CN 202111176579A CN 113746401 B CN113746401 B CN 113746401B
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
- H02P25/188—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor windings are switched from series to parallel or vice versa to control speed or torque
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Abstract
The invention provides an excitation circuit topology structure of an aviation electric excitation starting motor and an excitation method thereof, wherein the topology structure comprises two paths of exciter excitation windings, a set of excitation switching device and an alternating current excitation power supply; the two exciting windings of the exciter are respectively an N-pole winding and an S-pole winding; the excitation switching device is matched with an alternating current excitation power supply and used for selectively switching the excitation winding to realize strong excitation of the starting motor at low rotation speed and weak excitation at high rotation speed: when the starting motor is at a low rotation speed, the two exciting windings of the exciter form a parallel structure, and the exciting power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of the alternating current exciting power supply; when the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to the base speed, the two exciting windings of the exciting machines are firstly switched from a parallel structure to one winding for disconnection, only the other winding is continuously in a working state, then the other winding is further switched to one winding for short circuit through a switch, only the other winding is continuously in a working state, and finally the two exciting windings of the exciting machines are switched to be in a serial state and simultaneously work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aviation starting motors, and relates to an excitation circuit topology structure of an aviation electric excitation starting motor and an excitation method thereof.
Background
The aviation electric excitation starting motor is used for starting the aero-engine, so that the aero-engine reaches an ignition rotating speed to finish ignition of the engine, the aero-electric excitation starting motor is accelerated to a certain rotating speed to finish starting of the engine, and the starting requirement of the aviation electric excitation starting motor is generally large torque at low rotating speed and small torque at high rotating speed.
The aviation electric excitation starting motor adopts a traditional brushless electric excitation synchronous motor structure and mainly comprises a main motor and an exciter, the working principle of the exciter is similar to that of a transformer during starting, the primary side is an excitation winding, the secondary side is an armature winding, an alternating current power supply is applied to the primary side, a certain alternating current voltage is induced by the transformation ratio between the excitation winding and the armature winding, and the excitation winding of the main motor is supplied with power after being rectified by a rotary rectifier. In order to improve the voltage of the armature winding of the exciter and further improve the exciting current provided by the exciter for the main motor, the prior art generally improves the voltage of the armature winding of the exciter by improving the power supply voltage of the exciting winding of the exciter and further improves the exciting current provided by the exciter for the main generator, so that low-rotation-speed and high-torque output of the starting motor is realized, namely, a starting motor controller rectifies, boosts and inverts 115V/400Hz three-phase alternating current and then supplies the three-phase alternating current to the exciter of the starting motor, and the boosted exciting voltage is up to (600-800) V. The weak magnetic rising speed of the generator is realized by reducing the duty ratio of the controller in the high-rotation stage, but the starting power generation system has complex hardware structure and control method, high noise in the starting process and higher requirement on the insulation grade of the exciting winding of the exciter.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an aviation electric excitation starting motor excitation loop topological structure and an excitation method thereof, which can directly adopt 200V/400Hz (115V/400 Hz line voltage) excitation, save links such as rectification, boosting, inversion and the like in a traditional starting motor controller, and realize weak magnetic rising speed at high rotating speed, thereby reducing the complexity of starting motor system hardware and control method, noise in the starting process and the insulation performance requirement on an exciter excitation winding.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the aviation electric excitation starting motor excitation loop topological structure comprises two excitation windings of an exciter, a set of excitation switching device and an alternating current excitation power supply;
the two exciting windings of the exciter are respectively: the winding direction of the N pole winding and the S pole winding is that the polarities of magnetic fields generated in the same current direction are N pole and S pole respectively;
the excitation switching device is matched with an alternating current excitation power supply and used for selectively switching the excitation winding to realize strong excitation of the starting motor at low rotation speed and weak excitation at high rotation speed:
when the starting motor is at a low rotation speed, the excitation switching device realizes that two paths of excitation windings of the exciter form a parallel structure, and the excitation power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of the alternating current excitation power supply;
when the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to the base speed, the excitation switching device switches the two exciting windings of the exciting machines from a parallel structure to one winding to be disconnected, only the other winding continues to work, then further switches to one winding to be short-circuited through a switch, only the other winding continues to work, and finally switches to the two exciting windings of the exciting machines to be in a series state and work simultaneously.
Further, the excitation switching device comprises a four-pin three-gear selection switch and a two-pin switch; the pin numbers of the fixed connection of the contacts of the four-pin three-gear selector switch are 3-0#, and the pin numbers of the movable connection of the contacts are 3-1#, 3-2# and 3-3#, respectively;
one end of any one of the two exciting windings of the two exciting machines is connected with a 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch, and the other end of the exciting windings of the two exciting machines is connected with one pin of the two-pin switch and one end of an alternating-current exciting power supply;
one end of the other winding of the two-way exciter exciting winding is simultaneously connected with the 3-1 pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch and the other end of the alternating current exciting power supply, and the polarities of the windings connected to the 3-0 pin and the 3-1 pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch are the same; the other end of the other winding is connected with the other pin of the two-pin switch and the 3-3# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch; the 3-2# pin of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 is in a suspended state.
Further, the AC excitation power supply is 200V/400Hz AC excitation power supply.
The method for realizing excitation by using the excitation circuit topology structure of the aviation electric excitation starting motor comprises the following steps:
when the starting motor is at a low rotating speed, a 3-0 pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch is connected with a 3-1 pin through a contact, the two-pin switch is in a closed state, two ends of the two exciting windings of the exciter with the same polarity are respectively connected, the two windings form a parallel structure, and the exciting power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of the alternating current exciting power supply;
when the acceleration of the starting motor is detected to be smaller than a set value, the contacts of the four-pin three-gear switch are sequentially switched from the 3-1# pin to the 3-2# pin, then are switched to the 3-3# pin, and finally the two-pin switch is disconnected, so that uninterrupted power and weak magnetic switching of the starting motor is realized.
Further, the contacts of the four-pin three-gear switch are sequentially switched from the 3-1# pin to the 3-2# pin, then switched to the 3-3# pin, and finally the two-pin switch is disconnected in the following process:
the first step: firstly, switching contacts of a four-pin three-gear selection switch from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, so that one exciting winding of an exciter is in a disconnected state, only one exciting winding continuously works, exciting current provided by the exciter for a main generator is reduced, but the switching process is not interrupted, and high-rotation-speed weak-magnetic uninterrupted power switching of a starter generator is realized;
and a second step of: continuously converting the contact of the four-pin three-gear selection switch from the 3-2# pin to the 3-3# pin, wherein one exciting winding of the exciter is short-circuited through the switch, and only one winding still works;
and a third step of: the two-leg switch is disconnected, at the moment, the two exciting windings are in a serial state, the two exciting windings work simultaneously, the number of turns of the exciting windings is increased, the transformation ratio of the armature windings to the stator windings is reduced, the armature winding voltage of the exciter is reduced under the same exciting voltage, the exciting current provided by the exciter for the main generator is reduced to achieve the effect of field weakening, and the starting motor smoothly reaches the disengaging rotating speed.
Advantageous effects
After the invention is adopted, the excitation power supply can directly adopt 200V/400Hz single-phase alternating current on the aircraft, the links of rectification, boosting, inversion and the like in a starting motor controller are omitted, and the excitation switching method provided by the invention can meet the requirements of low-speed large torque and uninterrupted power supply weak magnetic rising speed in the starting process.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
the winding direction diagram of the exciting winding of the exciter of fig. 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a low-speed phase excitation topology of the starting motor;
FIG. 3 is a topological structure diagram of the starting motor after the first step of excitation field weakening switching at a high speed stage is completed;
FIG. 4 is a topological structure diagram of the starting motor after the second step of excitation field weakening switching in the high-speed stage is completed;
FIG. 5 is a topological structure diagram of the starting motor after the third step of excitation field weakening switching in the high-speed stage is completed.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the invention and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The aviation electric excitation starter motor in the embodiment adopts a brushless electric excitation synchronous motor, and comprises a main generator and an exciter, wherein an excitation loop of the starter motor comprises two exciting windings of the exciter, a set of excitation switching device and a 200V/400Hz alternating current excitation power supply, and the two exciting windings of the exciter are respectively: the N pole winding 1 and the S pole winding 2 are arranged in the same direction, and the polarities of magnetic fields generated in the same current direction are N pole and S pole respectively. A schematic diagram of the winding direction of the exciter winding is shown in fig. 1.
The excitation switching device is used for selectively switching an excitation winding to realize strong excitation of a starting motor at a low rotating speed and weak excitation at a high rotating speed, and comprises a four-pin three-gear selection switch 3, wherein the four pins are respectively numbered as 3-0#, 3-1#, 3-2#, 3-3#, and a switch 4 according to the sequence number of the attached drawing 1.
The connection mode of the excitation switching device and the excitation winding of the exciter is as follows:
one end of any one of the two exciting windings of the two exciting machines is connected with the 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch 3, and the other end of the any one of the two exciting windings is connected with one pin of the switch 4 and one end of the alternating-current exciting power supply. In this embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings, the positive terminal of the N pole winding is connected with the 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch 3, and the other terminal is simultaneously connected with one pin of the switch 4 and one terminal of the 200V/400Hz AC excitation power supply.
One end of the other winding is simultaneously connected with the 3-1 pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch 3 and the other end of the alternating current excitation power supply, wherein the winding polarity of the 3-0 pin and the 3-1 pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch 3 is required to be the same; the other end is connected with the other pin of the switch 4 and the 3-3# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch 3; the 3-2# pin of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 is in a suspended state. In this embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings, the positive terminal of the S pole winding is connected with the 3-1# pin of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 and the other end of the 200V/400Hz AC excitation power supply, and the negative terminal of the S pole winding is connected with the other pin of the switch 4 and the 3-3# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch 3.
Based on the topological structure, the excitation method of the aviation electric excitation starting motor comprises the following steps:
1. when the brushless electric excitation synchronous motor works in a low-speed stage, the 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 is connected with the 3-1# pin through a contact, and meanwhile, the switch 4 is in a closed state, so that two ends of two paths of magnetic pole windings with the same polarity are respectively connected, the two paths of windings form a parallel structure, an excitation power supply directly adopts 200V/400Hz single-phase alternating current commonly used on an airplane, and the traditional links of rectification, boosting, inversion and the like are omitted. The parallel exciter excitation winding structure enables the number of turns of the excitation winding to be half of that of the excitation winding in series connection, and because the excitation working principle is similar to that of a transformer in starting, the primary side is the excitation winding secondary side and is the armature winding, the number of turns of the excitation winding of the exciter is reduced, the transformation ratio of the armature winding to the stator winding is improved, the voltage of the armature winding of the exciter is improved under the same excitation voltage, exciting current provided by the exciter for a main generator is larger, the starting motor can output larger torque, and the low-rotation-speed large-torque requirement of the engine is met.
2. When the starting motor controller detects that the acceleration of the starting motor is smaller than a set value (when the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to a base speed, namely, the counter potential of the starting motor is close to a power supply voltage), if the disengaging rotating speed required by the 12kW brushless electric excitation starting motor is 7000rpm, the base speed is 5000rpm, and in order to further increase the rotating speed of the starting motor, weak magnetic switching is required, the switching method sequentially comprises the following steps of switching the contact of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin and then to a 3-3# pin through the controller, and finally, switching off the switch 4 to realize uninterrupted power weak magnetic switching of the starting motor:
the first step: firstly, a contact of a four-pin three-gear selection switch 3 is converted from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, one-way winding of an exciter is in a disconnected state because the 3-2# pin is in a suspended state, only one-way winding continuously works, exciting current provided by the exciter for a main generator is reduced, but the power is not cut off in the conversion process, high-rotating-speed weak magnetism continuous power conversion of a starting generator is realized, and only one-way exciting winding works at the moment, so that heat dissipation of the exciting winding of the exciter is not facilitated;
and a second step of: after the contact of the switch 3 is switched from the 3-1# pin to the 3-2# pin, continuously switching the contact of the four-pin three-gear selection switch 3 from the 3-2# pin to the 3-3# pin, wherein the switch is in a closed state, one exciting winding of the exciter is short-circuited through the switch, and only one set of winding still works;
and a third step of: after the contact of the switch 3 is switched from the 3-2# pin to the 3-3# pin, the switch 4 is disconnected, at the moment, two exciting windings are in a series connection state, and the two exciting windings work simultaneously, so that the heat dissipation condition of the exciting windings is improved, the transformation ratio of the armature windings to the stator windings is reduced due to the increase of the number of turns of the exciting windings, the armature winding voltage of the exciter is reduced under the same exciting voltage, the exciting current provided by the exciter for the main generator is reduced to achieve the field weakening effect, and the starting motor smoothly reaches the disengaging rotating speed.
After the invention is adopted, the excitation power supply can directly adopt 200V/400Hz single-phase alternating current on the aircraft, the links of rectification, boosting, inversion and the like in a starting motor controller are omitted, and the excitation switching method provided by the invention can meet the requirements of low-speed large torque and uninterrupted power supply weak magnetic rising speed in the starting process.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An aviation electricity excitation starter motor excitation circuit topological structure which is characterized in that: the device comprises two exciting windings of an exciter, a set of exciting switching device and an alternating-current exciting power supply;
the two exciting windings of the exciter are respectively: the winding direction of the N pole winding and the S pole winding is that the polarities of magnetic fields generated in the same current direction are N pole and S pole respectively;
the excitation switching device is matched with an alternating current excitation power supply and used for selectively switching the excitation winding to realize strong excitation of the starting motor at low rotation speed and weak excitation at high rotation speed:
when the starting motor is at a low rotation speed, the excitation switching device realizes that two paths of excitation windings of the exciter form a parallel structure, and the excitation power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of the alternating current excitation power supply;
when the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to the base speed, the excitation switching device switches the two exciting windings of the exciting machines from a parallel structure to one winding for disconnection, and then switches the two exciting windings to one winding for continuous working state, and then switches the two exciting windings to one winding for short circuit through a switch, and then switches the two exciting windings to the other winding for continuous working state, and finally switches the two exciting windings to be in a serial state and work simultaneously;
the excitation switching device comprises a four-pin three-gear selection switch and a two-pin switch; the pin numbers of the fixed connection of the contacts of the four-pin three-gear selector switch are 3-0#, and the pin numbers of the movable connection of the contacts are 3-1#, 3-2# and 3-3#, respectively;
one end of any one of the two exciting windings of the two exciting machines is connected with a 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch, and the other end of the exciting windings of the two exciting machines is connected with one pin of the two-pin switch and one end of an alternating-current exciting power supply;
one end of the other winding of the two-way exciter exciting winding is simultaneously connected with the 3-1 pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch and the other end of the alternating current exciting power supply, and the polarities of the windings connected to the 3-0 pin and the 3-1 pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch are the same; the other end of the other winding is connected with the other pin of the two-pin switch and the 3-3# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch; the 3-2# pin of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 is in a suspended state.
2. The aviation electrical excitation starter motor excitation circuit topology according to claim 1, wherein: the AC excitation power supply is 200V/400 Hz.
3. The method for realizing excitation by using the excitation circuit topology structure of the aviation electric excitation starting motor, which is characterized in that:
when the starting motor is at a low rotating speed, a 3-0 pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch is connected with a 3-1 pin through a contact, the two-pin switch is in a closed state, two ends of the two exciting windings of the exciter with the same polarity are respectively connected, the two windings form a parallel structure, and the exciting power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of the alternating current exciting power supply;
when the acceleration of the starting motor is detected to be smaller than a set value, the contacts of the four-pin three-gear switch are sequentially switched from the 3-1# pin to the 3-2# pin, then are switched to the 3-3# pin, and finally the two-pin switch is disconnected, so that uninterrupted power and weak magnetic switching of the starting motor is realized.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the acceleration of the starter motor is smaller than a set value, the rotating speed of the starter motor is close to the base speed, and the counter potential of the starter motor is close to the power supply voltage.
5. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the contact of the four-pin three-gear switch is sequentially switched from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, then is switched to a 3-3# pin, and finally the process of switching off the two-pin switch is as follows:
the first step: firstly, switching contacts of a four-pin three-gear selection switch from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, so that one exciting winding of an exciter is in a disconnected state, only one exciting winding continuously works, exciting current provided by the exciter for a main generator is reduced, but the switching process is not interrupted, and high-rotation-speed weak-magnetic uninterrupted power switching of a starter generator is realized;
and a second step of: continuously converting the contact of the four-pin three-gear selection switch from the 3-2# pin to the 3-3# pin, wherein one exciting winding of the exciter is short-circuited through the switch, and only one winding still works;
and a third step of: the two-leg switch is disconnected, at the moment, the two exciting windings are in a serial state, the two exciting windings work simultaneously, the number of turns of the exciting windings is increased, the transformation ratio of the armature windings to the stator windings is reduced, the armature winding voltage of the exciter is reduced under the same exciting voltage, the exciting current provided by the exciter for the main generator is reduced to achieve the effect of field weakening, and the starting motor smoothly reaches the disengaging rotating speed.
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| CN202111176579.3A CN113746401B (en) | 2021-10-09 | 2021-10-09 | Aviation electric excitation starting motor excitation loop topological structure and excitation method thereof |
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| EP0594907A1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-04 | Tai-Her Yang | Speed limiting circuit for universal type series or compound electric motor |
| JPH0641377U (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-05-31 | 章良 萩野 | Synchronous generator with low synchronous impedance |
| CN2754263Y (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-01-25 | 泰豪科技股份有限公司 | Dual-excitation non-salient pole brushless synchronous generator |
| CN1822490A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-23 | Lg电子株式会社 | Variable speed motor |
| CN101546645A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-09-30 | 杨泰和 | Series-parallel control circuit for a plurality of electromagnetic actuating devices |
| CN102611268A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-25 | 付强 | Double-speed brushless automobile motor |
-
2021
- 2021-10-09 CN CN202111176579.3A patent/CN113746401B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0641377U (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-05-31 | 章良 萩野 | Synchronous generator with low synchronous impedance |
| EP0594907A1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-04 | Tai-Her Yang | Speed limiting circuit for universal type series or compound electric motor |
| CN2754263Y (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-01-25 | 泰豪科技股份有限公司 | Dual-excitation non-salient pole brushless synchronous generator |
| CN1822490A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-23 | Lg电子株式会社 | Variable speed motor |
| CN101546645A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-09-30 | 杨泰和 | Series-parallel control circuit for a plurality of electromagnetic actuating devices |
| CN102611268A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-25 | 付强 | Double-speed brushless automobile motor |
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