CN113746401A - Excitation loop topological structure of aviation electric excitation starting motor and excitation method thereof - Google Patents
Excitation loop topological structure of aviation electric excitation starting motor and excitation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113746401A CN113746401A CN202111176579.3A CN202111176579A CN113746401A CN 113746401 A CN113746401 A CN 113746401A CN 202111176579 A CN202111176579 A CN 202111176579A CN 113746401 A CN113746401 A CN 113746401A
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 127
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- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
- H02P25/188—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor windings are switched from series to parallel or vice versa to control speed or torque
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Abstract
The invention provides an excitation loop topological structure of an aviation electric excitation starting motor and an excitation method thereof, wherein the topological structure comprises two exciter excitation windings, a set of excitation switching device and an alternating-current excitation power supply; the two exciter exciting windings are respectively a N-pole winding and an S-pole winding; the excitation switching device is matched with an alternating-current excitation power supply and used for selectively switching the excitation winding to realize strong excitation of the starting motor at low rotating speed and weak excitation at high rotating speed: when the starting motor is in a low rotating speed, the two exciter exciting windings form a parallel structure, and the exciting power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of an alternating current exciting power supply; when the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to the base speed, the two exciter exciting windings are switched from the parallel connection structure to one winding to be disconnected, only the other winding continues to work, then the two exciting windings are further switched to one winding to be short-circuited through a switch, only the other winding continues to work, and finally the two exciter exciting windings are switched to be in a series connection state and work simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aviation starting motors, and relates to an excitation loop topological structure of an aviation electric excitation starting motor and an excitation method thereof.
Background
The aviation electric excitation starting motor is used for starting an aviation engine, so that the aviation engine reaches an ignition rotating speed to finish ignition of the engine, and is accelerated to a certain rotating speed to finish starting of the engine.
The aviation electric excitation starting motor adopts a traditional brushless electric excitation synchronous motor structure and mainly comprises a main motor and an exciter, the working principle of the exciter is similar to that of a transformer during starting, the primary side is an excitation winding, the secondary side is an armature winding, an alternating current power supply is applied to the primary side, and a certain alternating current voltage is induced according to the transformation ratio between the excitation winding and the armature winding and is rectified by a rotating rectifier to supply power to the excitation winding of the main motor. In order to increase the voltage of the armature winding of the exciter and further increase the exciting current provided by the exciter to the main motor, in the prior art, the voltage of the armature winding of the exciter is generally increased by increasing the supply voltage of the exciting winding of the exciter, so that the exciting current provided by the exciter to the main generator is increased, and the low-rotation-speed and high-torque output of the starting motor is realized, namely, the starting motor controller supplies 115V/400Hz three-phase alternating current to the exciter of the starting generator after rectification, boosting and inversion during starting, and the boosted exciting voltage is as high as (600-800) V. And the weak magnetic speed increasing of the generator is realized by reducing the duty ratio of the controller at the high rotating speed stage, but the starting power generation system has complex hardware structure and control method, large noise in the starting process and higher requirement on the insulation grade of the exciting winding of the exciter.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an excitation loop topological structure of an aviation electric excitation starting motor and an excitation method thereof, which can directly adopt 200V/400Hz (115V/400Hz line voltage) excitation, save links such as rectification-boost-inversion and the like in a traditional starting motor controller, and simultaneously can realize weak magnetic boost speed at high rotating speed, thereby reducing the complexity of starting motor system hardware and a control method, noise in the starting process and the requirement on the insulation performance of an excitation winding of the excitation motor.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the excitation loop topological structure of the aviation electric excitation starting motor comprises two exciter excitation windings, a set of excitation switching device and an alternating-current excitation power supply;
the two exciter exciting windings are respectively as follows: the winding directions of the N-pole winding and the S-pole winding are the N pole and the S pole respectively;
the excitation switching device is matched with an alternating-current excitation power supply and used for selectively switching the excitation winding to realize strong excitation of the starting motor at low rotating speed and weak excitation at high rotating speed:
when the starting motor is in a low rotating speed, the excitation switching device realizes that two exciter excitation windings form a parallel structure, and an excitation power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of an alternating current excitation power supply;
when the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to the base speed, the excitation switching device switches the two excitation windings of the exciter from the parallel connection structure to one winding to be disconnected, only the other winding continues to work, then the two windings are further switched to one winding to be in short circuit through a switch, only the other winding continues to work, and finally the two excitation windings are switched to be in a series connection state and work simultaneously.
Further, the excitation switching device comprises a four-pin three-gear selection switch and a two-pin switch; the number of the pins fixedly connected with the contacts of the four-pin three-gear selector switch is 3-0#, and the number of the pins movably connected with the contacts is 3-1#, 3-2# and 3-3# in sequence;
one end of any one of the two exciter exciting windings is connected with a 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch, and the other end of the any one of the two exciter exciting windings is simultaneously connected with one pin of the two-pin switch and one end of the alternating-current exciting power supply;
one end of the other one of the two exciter exciting windings is simultaneously connected with a 3-1# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch and the other end of the alternating-current exciting power supply, and the polarities of the windings connected to the 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch and the 3-1# pin are the same; the other end of the other winding is connected with the other pin of the two-pin switch and the 3-3# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch; the pin 3-2# of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 is in a suspended state.
Further, the AC excitation power supply is 200V/400 Hz.
The method for realizing excitation by utilizing the topological structure of the excitation loop of the aviation electric excitation starting motor comprises the following steps:
when the starting motor is in a low rotating speed, a 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch is connected with a 3-1# pin through a contact, the two-pin switch is in a closed state, two ends of two excitation windings of the exciter with the same polarity are respectively connected, the two windings form a parallel structure, and the excitation power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of an alternating-current excitation power supply;
when the acceleration of the starting motor is detected to be smaller than a set value, the contact of the four-pin three-gear switch is sequentially switched from the 3-1# pin to the 3-2# pin and then to the 3-3# pin, and finally the two-pin switch is disconnected, so that uninterrupted current weakening and magnetic switching of the starting motor are realized.
Further, the contact of the four-pin three-gear switch is sequentially switched from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, then to a 3-3# pin, and finally the process of disconnecting the two-pin switch is as follows:
the first step is as follows: firstly, a contact of a four-pin three-gear selector switch is switched from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, so that one path of excitation winding of an exciter is in a disconnected state, only one path of excitation winding continues to work, the exciter reduces the excitation current provided by the main generator, but the exciter is not powered off in the switching process, and the high-speed weak-magnetic uninterrupted switching of a starter generator is realized;
the second step is that: continuously converting the contact of the four-pin three-gear selector switch from the 3-2# pin to the 3-3# pin, wherein at the moment, one path of excitation winding of the exciter is short-circuited through the switch, and only one set of winding still works;
the third step: the two-pin switch is disconnected, the two excitation windings are in a series connection state at the moment, the two windings work simultaneously, the number of turns of the excitation windings is increased, the transformation ratio of the armature winding and the stator winding is reduced, and the voltage of the armature winding of the exciter is reduced under the same excitation voltage, so that the excitation current provided by the exciter for the main generator is reduced to achieve the effect of field weakening, and the starting motor smoothly reaches the disengaging rotating speed.
Advantageous effects
After the invention is adopted, the excitation power supply can directly adopt 200V/400Hz single-phase alternating current on the airplane, so that links such as rectification-boost-inversion in a starting motor controller are saved, and the excitation switching method provided by the invention can meet the requirements of low-speed large torque and uninterrupted power supply weak magnetic boost speed in the starting process.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the field winding direction of the exciter;
FIG. 2 is a view of the excitation topology of the starting motor at the low-speed stage;
FIG. 3 is a topology structure diagram after the first step of excitation weak magnetic switching of the starting motor in the high-speed stage is completed;
FIG. 4 is a topological structure diagram after the second step of excitation weak magnetic switching of the starting motor in the high-speed stage is completed;
FIG. 5 is a topological structure diagram after the third step of excitation weak magnetic switching of the starting motor at the high-speed stage is completed.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The aviation electric excitation starting motor in the embodiment adopts a brushless electric excitation synchronous motor, and comprises a main generator and an exciter, wherein an excitation loop of the starting motor comprises two exciter exciting windings, a set of excitation switching device and a 200V/400Hz alternating current excitation power supply, and the two exciter exciting windings are respectively as follows: the winding directions of the N-pole winding and the S-pole winding are N poles and S poles respectively, and the magnetic field polarities generated in the same current direction are generated by the N-pole winding and the S-pole winding. The winding direction schematic diagram of the exciter is shown in figure 1.
The excitation switching device is used for selectively switching excitation windings to realize strong excitation of a starting motor at low rotating speed and weak excitation at high rotating speed, and comprises a four-pin three-gear selection switch 3, wherein the four pins are respectively numbered as 3-0#, 3-1#, 3-2#, and 3-3# according to the sequence of figure 1, and a switch 4.
The connection mode of the excitation switching device and the exciter excitation winding is as follows:
one end of any one of the two exciter exciting windings is connected with a 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch 3, and the other end of the any one of the two exciter exciting windings is simultaneously connected with one pin of the switch 4 and one end of the alternating-current exciting power supply. In this embodiment, as shown in the figure, the + end of the N-pole winding is connected to the # 3-0 pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch 3, and the other end is connected to one pin of the switch 4 and one end of the 200V/400Hz ac excitation power supply.
One end of the other winding is simultaneously connected with a 3-1# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch 3 and the other end of the alternating-current excitation power supply, and the polarities of the windings connected to the 3-0# pin and the 3-1# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch 3 are required to be the same; the other end is connected with the other pin of the switch 4 and the 3-3# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch 3; the pin 3-2# of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 is in a suspended state. In this embodiment, as shown in the drawing, the + terminal of the S-pole winding is connected to the 3-1# pin of the four-pin three-speed switch 3 and the other terminal of the 200V/400Hz ac excitation power supply, and the-terminal of the S-pole winding is connected to the other pin of the switch 4 and the 3-3# pin of the four-pin three-speed selector switch 3.
Based on the topological structure, the excitation method of the aviation electric excitation starting motor comprises the following steps:
1. when the brushless electric excitation synchronous motor works at a low-speed stage, the 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 is connected with the 3-1# pin through a contact, meanwhile, the switch 4 is in a closed state, so that two ends of the two magnetic pole windings with the same polarity are respectively connected, the two windings form a parallel structure, an excitation power supply directly adopts 200V/400Hz single-phase alternating current commonly used on an airplane, and the traditional links of rectification, boosting, inversion and the like are omitted. The parallel exciter exciting winding structure enables the number of turns of the exciting winding to be only half of that of the exciting winding when the exciter exciting winding structure is connected in series, the working principle of the exciter is similar to the principle of a transformer when the exciter is started, the primary side is the exciting winding and the secondary side is the armature winding, the number of turns of the exciting winding of the exciter is reduced, the transformation ratio of the armature winding to the stator winding is improved, and under the same exciting voltage, the voltage of the armature winding of the exciter is improved, so that the exciting current provided by the exciter for a main generator is larger, a starting motor can output larger torque, and the low-rotating-speed and large-torque requirements of an engine are met.
2. When the starting motor controller detects that the acceleration of the starting motor is smaller than a set value (at the moment, the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to a basic speed, namely the counter potential of the starting motor is close to a power supply voltage), if the disengaging rotating speed required by the 12kW brushless electrically excited starting motor is 7000rpm, the basic speed is 5000rpm, at the moment, in order to further increase the rotating speed of the starting motor, the field weakening switching is required, the switching method sequentially switches the contact of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 from a pin 3-1# to a pin 3-2# and then to a pin 3-3# through the controller according to the following steps, and finally, the switch 4 is disconnected, so that the field weakening switching without power interruption of the starting motor is realized:
the first step is as follows: firstly, a contact of a four-pin three-gear selector switch 3 is switched from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, because the 3-2# pin is in a suspended state, one winding of an exciter is in a disconnected state, only one winding of the exciter continues to work, the exciting current provided by the exciter for a main generator is reduced, but the exciter is not powered off in the switching process, the high-rotating-speed weak-magnetic uninterrupted switching of a starting generator is realized, and because only one winding of the exciter works at the moment, the radiating of the exciting winding of the exciter is not facilitated;
the second step is that: after the contact of the switch 3 is converted from the 3-1# pin to the 3-2# pin, the contact of the four-pin three-gear selector switch 3 is continuously converted from the 3-2# pin to the 3-3# pin, at the moment, the switch is in a closed state, one path of excitation winding of the exciter is short-circuited through the switch, and only one set of winding still works;
the third step: after the contact of the switch 3 is switched from the pin 3-2 to the pin 3-3, the switch 4 is disconnected, at the moment, the two excitation windings are in a series connection state and work simultaneously, so that the heat dissipation condition of the excitation windings is improved, the transformation ratio of the armature windings and the stator windings is reduced due to the increase of the number of turns of the excitation windings, the armature winding voltage of the exciter is reduced under the same excitation voltage, the excitation current provided by the exciter for the main generator is reduced to achieve the effect of weak magnetism, and the starting motor smoothly reaches the disconnection rotating speed.
After the invention is adopted, the excitation power supply can directly adopt 200V/400Hz single-phase alternating current on the airplane, so that links such as rectification-boost-inversion in a starting motor controller are saved, and the excitation switching method provided by the invention can meet the requirements of low-speed large torque and uninterrupted power supply weak magnetic boost speed in the starting process.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an aviation electricity excitation starter motor excitation return circuit topological structure which characterized in that: the excitation device comprises two exciter excitation windings, a set of excitation switching device and an alternating current excitation power supply;
the two exciter exciting windings are respectively as follows: the winding directions of the N-pole winding and the S-pole winding are the N pole and the S pole respectively;
the excitation switching device is matched with an alternating-current excitation power supply and used for selectively switching the excitation winding to realize strong excitation of the starting motor at low rotating speed and weak excitation at high rotating speed:
when the starting motor is in a low rotating speed, the excitation switching device realizes that two exciter excitation windings form a parallel structure, and an excitation power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of an alternating current excitation power supply;
when the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to the base speed, the excitation switching device switches the two excitation windings of the exciter from the parallel connection structure to one winding to be disconnected, only the other winding continues to work, then the two windings are further switched to one winding to be in short circuit through a switch, only the other winding continues to work, and finally the two excitation windings are switched to be in a series connection state and work simultaneously.
2. The excitation loop topology structure of the aviation electric excitation starting motor as recited in claim 1, wherein: the excitation switching device comprises a four-pin three-gear selection switch and a two-pin switch; the number of the pins fixedly connected with the contacts of the four-pin three-gear selector switch is 3-0#, and the number of the pins movably connected with the contacts is 3-1#, 3-2# and 3-3# in sequence;
one end of any one of the two exciter exciting windings is connected with a 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch, and the other end of the any one of the two exciter exciting windings is simultaneously connected with one pin of the two-pin switch and one end of the alternating-current exciting power supply;
one end of the other one of the two exciter exciting windings is simultaneously connected with a 3-1# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch and the other end of the alternating-current exciting power supply, and the polarities of the windings connected to the 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch and the 3-1# pin are the same; the other end of the other winding is connected with the other pin of the two-pin switch and the 3-3# pin of the four-pin three-gear selector switch; the pin 3-2# of the four-pin three-gear switch 3 is in a suspended state.
3. The excitation loop topology structure of the aviation electric excitation starting motor as recited in claim 1, wherein: the AC excitation power supply is 200V/400 Hz.
4. The method for realizing excitation by using the excitation loop topology structure of the aviation electric excitation starting motor as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
when the starting motor is in a low rotating speed, a 3-0# pin of the four-pin three-gear selection switch is connected with a 3-1# pin through a contact, the two-pin switch is in a closed state, two ends of two excitation windings of the exciter with the same polarity are respectively connected, the two windings form a parallel structure, and the excitation power supply directly adopts single-phase alternating current of an alternating-current excitation power supply;
when the acceleration of the starting motor is detected to be smaller than a set value, the contact of the four-pin three-gear switch is sequentially switched from the 3-1# pin to the 3-2# pin and then to the 3-3# pin, and finally the two-pin switch is disconnected, so that uninterrupted current weakening and magnetic switching of the starting motor are realized.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: the acceleration of the starting motor is smaller than a set value, which indicates that the rotating speed of the starting motor is close to the base speed, and the counter electromotive force of the starting motor is close to the power supply voltage.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising: sequentially converting the contact of the four-pin three-gear switch from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, then converting the contact to the 3-3# pin, and finally disconnecting the two-pin switch comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly, a contact of a four-pin three-gear selector switch is switched from a 3-1# pin to a 3-2# pin, so that one path of excitation winding of an exciter is in a disconnected state, only one path of excitation winding continues to work, the exciter reduces the excitation current provided by the main generator, but the exciter is not powered off in the switching process, and the high-speed weak-magnetic uninterrupted switching of a starter generator is realized;
the second step is that: continuously converting the contact of the four-pin three-gear selector switch from the 3-2# pin to the 3-3# pin, wherein at the moment, one path of excitation winding of the exciter is short-circuited through the switch, and only one set of winding still works;
the third step: the two-pin switch is disconnected, the two excitation windings are in a series connection state at the moment, the two windings work simultaneously, the number of turns of the excitation windings is increased, the transformation ratio of the armature winding and the stator winding is reduced, and the voltage of the armature winding of the exciter is reduced under the same excitation voltage, so that the excitation current provided by the exciter for the main generator is reduced to achieve the effect of field weakening, and the starting motor smoothly reaches the disengaging rotating speed.
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| CN202111176579.3A CN113746401B (en) | 2021-10-09 | 2021-10-09 | Aviation electric excitation starting motor excitation loop topological structure and excitation method thereof |
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| CN202111176579.3A CN113746401B (en) | 2021-10-09 | 2021-10-09 | Aviation electric excitation starting motor excitation loop topological structure and excitation method thereof |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0594907A1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-04 | Tai-Her Yang | Speed limiting circuit for universal type series or compound electric motor |
| JPH0641377U (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-05-31 | 章良 萩野 | Synchronous generator with low synchronous impedance |
| CN2754263Y (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-01-25 | 泰豪科技股份有限公司 | Dual-excitation non-salient pole brushless synchronous generator |
| CN1822490A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-23 | Lg电子株式会社 | Variable speed motor |
| CN101546645A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-09-30 | 杨泰和 | Series-parallel control circuit for a plurality of electromagnetic actuating devices |
| CN102611268A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-25 | 付强 | Double-speed brushless automobile motor |
-
2021
- 2021-10-09 CN CN202111176579.3A patent/CN113746401B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0641377U (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-05-31 | 章良 萩野 | Synchronous generator with low synchronous impedance |
| EP0594907A1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-05-04 | Tai-Her Yang | Speed limiting circuit for universal type series or compound electric motor |
| CN2754263Y (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-01-25 | 泰豪科技股份有限公司 | Dual-excitation non-salient pole brushless synchronous generator |
| CN1822490A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-23 | Lg电子株式会社 | Variable speed motor |
| CN101546645A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-09-30 | 杨泰和 | Series-parallel control circuit for a plurality of electromagnetic actuating devices |
| CN102611268A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-25 | 付强 | Double-speed brushless automobile motor |
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