CN113746309B - 基于逆变器侧电流反馈的直流有源滤波器谐振抑制方法 - Google Patents

基于逆变器侧电流反馈的直流有源滤波器谐振抑制方法 Download PDF

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CN113746309B
CN113746309B CN202111174970.XA CN202111174970A CN113746309B CN 113746309 B CN113746309 B CN 113746309B CN 202111174970 A CN202111174970 A CN 202111174970A CN 113746309 B CN113746309 B CN 113746309B
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窦文雷
周荔丹
黄琛
姚钢
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China Ship Development and Design Centre
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation

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Abstract

一种基于逆变器侧电流反馈的直流有源滤波器谐振抑制方法，通过建立直流有源滤波系统的等效电路进行系统谐振特性分析，根据系统谐振特性设计逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼的传递函数，即采用霍尔电流传感器对逆变器侧电流进行采样，获得采样电流后乘以逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼的传递函数，再与原电流环的输出以负反馈的形式叠加得到控制信号，再将控制信号经载波脉宽调制，得到PWM驱动信号控制开关管通断，从而完成有源阻尼过程，实现谐振抑制。本发明无需增加额外的传感器的同时减小了系统的体积，简化了硬件设计。

Description

基于逆变器侧电流反馈的直流有源滤波器谐振抑制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种直流有源滤波领域的技术，具体是一种基于逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼的直流有源滤波器谐振抑制方法。
背景技术
现有直流有源滤波器通过LC滤波器经隔直电容并网，存在低频和高频两个谐振尖峰，容易发生振荡，引起系统的失稳。传统的基于并网电流高频分量反馈的有源阻尼方法可以在无需额外增加传感器的条件下实现对高频谐振峰的抑制，但是对低频谐振峰则没有抑制作用，且若引入有源阻尼后系统的谐振频率偏移较小，则该方法对高频谐振峰的抑制也会受到影响；若系统谐振频率偏移较大又会给系统动态响应和稳定性带来影响，因此现有方法存在着谐振抑制和系统稳定性之间的矛盾。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术因LC滤波器、隔直电容以及电网阻抗而引起的宽频域谐振问题以及现有基于并网电流高频分量反馈的有源阻尼方法中存在的谐振抑制和系统稳定性之间的矛盾，提出一种基于逆变器侧电流反馈的直流有源滤波器谐振抑制方法，无需增加额外的传感器的同时减小了系统的体积，简化了硬件设计。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明涉及一种直流有源滤波系统的谐振抑制方法，通过建立直流有源滤波系统的等效电路进行系统谐振特性分析，根据系统谐振特性设计逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼的传递函数，实现谐振抑制。
所述的有源阻尼，具体通过：采用霍尔电流传感器对逆变器侧电流进行采样，获得采样电流后乘以逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼的传递函数，再与原电流环的输出以负反馈的形式叠加得到控制信号，再将控制信号经载波脉宽调制，得到PWM驱动信号控制开关管通断，从而完成有源阻尼过程。
所述的直流有源滤波系统包括：直流母线、双有源全桥(DAB)变换器、直流有源滤波器(DC-APF)以及直流负载，其中：DAB变换器的输入侧与直流母线连接，输出侧与直流有源滤波器的直流侧相连，直流有源滤波器的输出侧经LC滤波器滤波后通过隔直电容与负载并联。
所述的直流有源滤波器，为二极管中点箝位型(NPC)三电平拓扑结构，具体包括：八个开关管、两个隔直电容以及由输出滤波电感和输出滤波电容构成的用于滤除有源滤波器输出电流中开关频率谐波的二阶LC滤波器。
所述的系统谐振特性包括：低频谐振峰的谐振频率
Figure BDA0003294684900000021
和高频谐振峰的谐振频率为
Figure BDA0003294684900000022
通过有源阻尼环的传递函数以对两个谐振峰均进行抑制。
所述的有源阻尼的传递函数为
Figure BDA0003294684900000023
其中：KADL为有源阻尼的增益系数，ω0为DC-APF通频带的下限角频率，k0为常数。
技术效果
本发明通过分析系统的谐振特性，并以此为根据设计了有源阻尼环的传递函数GA蛠L(s)，整体解决了直流有源滤波器中由于低频和高频两个谐振峰的存在而可能引起的系统宽频域振荡的问题，使得系统能够在软件层面对谐振进行抑制，而无需增加额外的传感器，简化系统的硬件设计，降低系统的硬件成本；同时，该方法引入后系统的谐振频率偏移不大，因此在DC-APF的通频带内，该方法对系统的幅频和相频特性的影响较小，从而能够较好的保持DC-APF原有的补偿效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例有源滤波器的应用示意图；
图2为图1在s域中的等效模型示意图；
图3为实施例谐振抑制方法等效虚拟阻抗的频域特性图；
图4为实施例引入本发明所提有源阻尼方法前后系统的波特图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，为本实施例涉及的直流有源滤波系统，包括：直流母线、直流负载、直流有源滤波器、DAB变换器以及控制器，其中：DAB变换器的输入端和输出端分别连接直流母线和有源滤波器的直流侧，为有源滤波器提供稳定的直流侧电压，采用直流有源滤波器的输出端经过电感Lf和电容Cf构成二阶LC滤波器以及隔直电容Ci后与待补偿的直流负载呈并联关系，从而可以改善流过负载的电流，进而改善负载上的电压。
本实施例涉及一种基于上述直流有源滤波系统的谐振抑制方法，用霍尔电流传感器对直流母线上的电流进行采样，通过低通滤波来获得系统中的全部谐波分量id；再用霍尔电流传感器采样逆变器侧电感电流ic作为负反馈信号。
如图2(a)所示，将低通滤波后得到的参考电流信号id与逆变器侧电流ic作差进行负反馈，并将误差信号送入电流跟踪控制模块Gi(s)中，得到输出信号ui；同时将ic与有源阻尼传递函数GADL(s)相乘后得到输出信号ua。将ui与ua相减后送入载波脉宽调制模块(图中Kpwm模块)，即可得到控制有源滤波器开关管导通与关断的控制信号，此时有源滤波器的输出电压为u1，再经过LC滤波器、隔直电容Ci1和Ci2以及电感LS后得到最终的补偿电流ic(s)。将有源阻尼GADL(s)的反馈点移动至1/(sLf)的输入侧，即可得到如图2(b)所示的等效框图，可见基于逆变器侧电流反馈的谐振抑制方法本质上是在滤波电感Lf上串联了一个阻抗ZeqL(s)。等效虚拟阻抗ZeqL(s)与有源阻尼传递函数GADL(s)的关系为GADL(s)＝ZeqL(s)/Kpwm。
如图3所示，为等效虚拟阻抗的频域特性图。等效电阻ReqL(jω)先从最大值减小至0，再开始增大；而等效电抗XeqL(jω)在低频时呈容性，在ReqL(jω)＝0的时刻也变为0，之后变为感性。在DC-APF的通频带之内，等效电阻一直保持着较小的值，因此对系统的增益影响较小；等效电抗一直保持感性，因此有利于输出电流中纹波的消除。在低频谐振峰和高频谐振峰处，系统均保持着较大的阻性，从而抑制谐振峰。
如图4所示，为引入本方法前后系统的波特图。可见，加入有源阻尼后，两个阻尼尖峰均得到了抑制，并且在DC-APF的通频带内，经过有源阻尼后系统的幅频特性与原系统几乎完全一致，相频特性有较小的偏移，因此保证了加入有源阻尼前后在通频带内DC-APF的补偿效果。在对高频谐振峰处进行放大可见，加入有源阻尼后的谐振频率仅有着较小的偏移，这对系统的稳定性的动态响应都是有利的。
本实施例在MATLAB/Simulink的环境下，搭建所述的直流有源滤波系统，当系统发生谐振时，若不加入谐振抑制策略，负载电流的总谐波失真达到0.19％；若加入传统基于并网电流高频分量反馈的谐振抑制策略，系统无法抑制低频谐振峰，但可以抑制高频谐振峰，此时负载电流的总谐波失真变为0.16％；若加入本实施例所提基于逆变器侧电流反馈的谐振抑制策略，则低频和高频谐振峰均得到有效抑制，负载电流的总谐波失真降至0.02％。
综上，本发明提出的基于逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼方法，能够在谐振频率偏移较小时对低频和高频谐振均进行有效的抑制，并且无需额外的传感器。逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼方法的等效电阻在DC-APF的通频带内保持低阻性，而在谐振峰处呈高阻性，从而在抑制谐振的基础上保证了原系统的稳定性和动态性能，实现了宽频域的谐振抑制。
上述具体实施可由本领域技术人员在不背离本发明原理和宗旨的前提下以不同的方式对其进行局部调整，本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准且不由上述具体实施所限，在其范围内的各个实现方案均受本发明之约束。

Claims (1)

1.一种直流有源滤波系统的谐振抑制方法，其特征在于，通过建立直流有源滤波系统的等效电路进行系统谐振特性分析，根据系统谐振特性设计逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼的传递函数，实现谐振抑制；
所述的有源阻尼，具体通过：采用霍尔电流传感器对逆变器侧电流进行采样，获得采样电流后乘以逆变器侧电流反馈有源阻尼的传递函数，再与原电流环的输出以负反馈的形式叠加得到控制信号，再将控制信号经载波脉宽调制，得到PWM驱动信号控制开关管通断，从而完成有源阻尼过程；
所述的直流有源滤波系统包括：直流母线、双有源全桥变换器、直流有源滤波器以及直流负载，其中：双有源全桥变换器的输入侧与直流母线连接，输出侧与直流有源滤波器的直流侧相连，八个开关管的输出侧经LC滤波器滤波后通过隔直电容与负载并联；
所述的直流有源滤波器，为二极管中点箝位型三电平拓扑结构，具体包括：所述八个开关管、两个隔直电容以及由输出滤波电感和输出滤波电容构成的用于滤除有源滤波器输出电流中开关频率谐波的二阶LC滤波器；
所述的有源阻尼的传递函数为
Figure FDA0004059662360000011
其中：KADL为有源阻尼的增益系数，ω0为直流有源滤波器的通频带的下限角频率，k0为常数；
所述的系统谐振特性包括：低频谐振峰的谐振频率
Figure FDA0004059662360000012
和高频谐振峰的谐振频率为
Figure FDA0004059662360000013
通过有源阻尼环的传递函数以对两个谐振峰均进行抑制，其中：Ci为隔直电容，Lf为滤波电感，Cf为电容，LS为电感。
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