CN113740904A - TSP detection-based advanced geological prediction method for large-span underground tunnel - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a TSP detection-based advanced geological prediction method for a giant-span underground tunnel, which comprises the following steps of: s1, determining the occurrence of the main structure surface in front of the excavation of the huge-span underground tunnel according to the early-stage geological survey report, the on-site actual working condition and the geological sketch condition of each guide tunnel excavation surface in the construction process; s2, determining the arrangement positions of the plurality of excitation holes and the detectors in the excavated pilot tunnel according to the appearance of the main structure surface of the tunnel; and S3, after the excitation holes and the detectors are arranged, detecting the TSP of the tunnel, acquiring various seismic parameters in front of the excavation of the giant span tunnel, and forming a TSP long-distance geological report. On the basis of geological survey data, the excitation holes are distributed at reasonable positions according to the appearance of a main structural surface in front of tunnel excavation, the geophone is added in the transverse direction of the large-span tunnel, reflected waves in a larger range are received, and therefore the data acquisition rate and the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic waves are increased, the data acquisition quality is controlled, and the detection range and the accuracy of TSP detection are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of advanced geological prediction, in particular to a method for advanced geological prediction of a giant-span underground tunnel based on TSP detection.
Background
In recent years, economic society of China is developed at a high speed, large-scale underground tunnels such as transportation, water conservancy and storage are abundant, the construction of the tunnels tends to be deeply buried, overlong, huge span, complex geological conditions and the like, particularly, the excavation section area of the tunnels is continuously increased along with the increase of economic development requirements, the huge span tunnels with the span of more than 30m are also rare, and compared with the conventional tunnels, the huge span tunnels have higher design and construction difficulties. Therefore, better advanced geological forecast is carried out in the construction period, and the construction safety of the large-span tunnel is strongly guaranteed.
The existing advanced geological prediction method mainly takes advanced geophysical prospecting as a main method, wherein TSP (Tunnel seismic prediction System) detection is the most widely used one, but for a large-span underground tunnel, the geological condition of the transverse range of the tunnel is greatly different from that of a conventional pilot tunnel. Currently, there are two general methods for detecting the TSP of a huge-span underground tunnel constructed by stepwise excavation: the first method is to regard each tunnel as a conventional tunnel with a small span (<15m) and perform TSP detection on the tunnel, but this method is not only time-consuming and labor-consuming, but also often causes the phenomenon that the detection results are mutually overlapped to influence the final interpretation; and the second method is that one pilot tunnel excavated in advance is selected for TSP detection according to the actual on-site investigation condition, and the geological conditions of the other pilot tunnels refer to the pilot tunnel. This method is due to the lack of sufficient seismic reflection in its lateral direction (as shown in figure 1, no reflection is received within the range of the other pilot holes marked by boxes). Therefore, the detection precision in the transverse range of the tunnel is poor, the geological condition in the front excavation range of the rest pilot tunnels cannot be accurately found, and the interpretation effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology for implementing advanced geological prediction on the huge-span underground tunnel, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the method for implementing advanced geological prediction on the huge-span underground tunnel based on TSP detection, which increases the transverse prediction range and detection precision on the premise of not increasing the cost by increasing the number of detectors in the transverse direction and reasonably adjusting the arrangement positions of the detectors and excitation holes.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a huge-span underground tunnel advanced geological prediction method based on TSP detection is characterized in that the huge-span underground tunnel is constructed in a multi-tunnel distributed excavation mode, and the following method is adopted to carry out geological prediction in an overtime period in the construction process, and the concrete steps are as follows:
s1, analyzing and determining the appearance of the main structure surface in front of the excavation of the huge-span underground tunnel according to the early-stage geological survey report, the on-site actual working condition and the geological sketch condition of each guide tunnel excavation surface in the construction process;
s2, determining the layout positions of the plurality of excitation holes and the plurality of detectors in the excavated pilot tunnel according to the appearance of the main structure surface of the tunnel;
the detectors are respectively arranged on the side walls of the guide holes, and the detectors on the side walls on two sides of the same guide hole are symmetrical about the axis of the tunnel; the plurality of excitation holes are simultaneously distributed on the side wall of the pilot tunnel, which can be received by all the detectors after seismic waves emitted by the excitation holes are reflected by the main structure surface;
and S3, after the excitation holes and the detectors are arranged, detecting the TSP of the tunnel, acquiring various seismic parameters in front of the excavation of the huge-span underground tunnel, and forming a TSP long-distance geological report.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s4, according to the TSP long-distance geological report, carrying out comparative analysis on the TSP detection abnormal section by adopting an advanced geophysical prospecting means to form a comprehensive advanced geophysical prospecting report;
s5: according to the comprehensive advanced geophysical report in the step S4, aiming at the geophysical abnormal section, a horizontal drilling mode is adopted for verification and analysis, and a comprehensive geological report is obtained.
In the scheme, the huge-span underground tunnel comprises at least 3 guide tunnels excavated step by step, and the span of the huge-span underground tunnel is more than or equal to 30 m.
In the above solution, in step S2, the plurality of excitation holes are disposed on the side wall of the tunnel where an included angle between the tunnel axis and the main structural surface of the tunnel is an acute angle side.
In the above scheme, in step S2, the detectors are disposed on the side walls of the pilot tunnel where the excitation holes are disposed, the detectors are disposed on the same side as the excitation holes, the distance between the detector and the excitation hole on the leftmost side is 15-20m, the distance between the excitation holes is 1-1.5m, and the total number of the excitation holes is 24.
In the above scheme, in step S2, the distance between the detector on the sidewall of all the pilot holes and the leftmost excitation hole is the same.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. in the advanced geological forecasting method of the huge-span underground tunnel, the detectors are respectively arranged on the side walls of all the pilot tunnels, the detectors on the side walls on two sides of the same pilot tunnel are symmetrical about the axis of the tunnel, in the TSP detection process, one group of detectors in each pilot tunnel are respectively used for collecting geological detection results in front of excavation of each group of pilot tunnels, all groups of data are not overlapped and have no interference, and the collected overall data can comprehensively reflect all geological conditions in the transverse range in front of excavation of the huge-span tunnel.
2. According to the advanced geological prediction method for the large-span underground tunnel, the excitation holes are distributed on the side wall of the guide hole, which can receive seismic waves emitted by the excitation holes by all detectors, according to the production state of excavating a front geological structure (a structural surface or a reflecting surface) of the large-span underground tunnel, so that the condition that reflected waves cannot be received by the detectors when the excitation holes are unreasonably arranged is avoided, and the TSP detection precision is effectively ensured.
3. According to the advanced geological prediction method for the huge-span underground tunnel, on the basis of TSP long-distance geological prediction, the TSP detection abnormal section is contrastingly verified and analyzed through an advanced geophysical prospecting means and an advanced horizontal drilling method, and a comprehensive geological report is finally obtained.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of conventional giant-span tunnel advance geological prediction excitation holes and detectors.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the giant-span underground tunnel advanced geological prediction method based on TSP detection.
Fig. 3 is an application example diagram of the giant-span underground tunnel advanced geological prediction method based on TSP detection according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a comparative example in which the excitation holes are arranged according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a main structural plane; 2. an excitation aperture; 3. a first detector; 4. a second detector; 5. a third detector; 6. a fourth detector; 7. a first pilot hole; 8. a second pilot hole; 9. and a third pilot hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as being limited thereto.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 2, a huge-span underground tunnel advanced geological prediction method based on TSP detection includes: the method is characterized in that the huge-span underground tunnel is constructed in a multi-pilot tunnel step-by-step excavation mode, in the construction process, in order to guarantee the tunnel construction safety, the advanced geological forecast with full range and high precision is required, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the early-stage geological survey report, the on-site actual working condition and the geological sketch condition of each guide tunnel excavation surface in the construction process, researching and analyzing the occurrence of the main structure surface in front of the excavation of the huge-span underground tunnel (namely the section shape of the main structure surface);
s2, determining the arrangement positions of the plurality of excitation holes and the plurality of detectors in the excavation pilot tunnel according to the appearance of the main structure surface in front of the excavation of the huge-span underground tunnel;
the detectors are respectively arranged on the side walls of the guide holes, and the detectors on the side walls on two sides of the same guide hole are symmetrical about the axis of the tunnel; the plurality of excitation holes are simultaneously distributed on one of the tunnel side walls which are used for excavating the huge-span underground tunnel and can be received by all the detectors after seismic waves emitted by the excitation holes are reflected by the main structure surface;
s3, after the excitation holes and the detectors are arranged on site, tunnel TSP detection (including data acquisition, data processing and result translation) is carried out, various seismic parameters in front of excavation of the large-span underground tunnel are obtained, a TSP long-distance geological report is formed, and geological conditions in the range of 50-200m in front of excavation are judged;
s4, according to the detection report obtained in the step S3, carrying out comparative analysis on the TSP detection abnormal section by adopting an advanced geophysical prospecting means to form a comprehensive advanced geophysical prospecting report;
the advanced geophysical prospecting method is a seismic wave reflection method, an LDS land sonar method, a TRT seismic reflection chromatography method, an HSP horizontal sound wave method, a BEAM electrical method detection technology, a TEM transient electromagnetic method, a GPR geological radar method, an acoustic emission method or an infrared water detection method and the like.
And S5, according to the comprehensive advanced geophysical prospecting report in the step S4, advanced horizontal drilling verification is carried out on geophysical prospecting abnormal paragraphs, such as karst caves, faults, underground water-bearing structures and the like, coring is carried out when appropriate, geotechnical tests are carried out simultaneously, rock and soil body parameters, drilling hole histograms, geological profiles and the like are obtained, and a comprehensive geological report in front of tunnel excavation is formed. Among them, the horizontal drilling method includes a short-borehole horizontal drilling method and a long-borehole horizontal drilling method.
The comprehensive geological report obtained in the steps S1 to S5 can comprehensively and accurately reflect the geological condition in front of each pilot tunnel in the excavation process of the huge-span underground tunnel, provide reliable reference basis for tunnel construction and parameter design, and further effectively guarantee the construction safety of the tunnel.
In this embodiment 1, the advanced geological prediction method is suitable for a huge-span underground tunnel with a span of more than or equal to 30m, and the huge-span underground tunnel is constructed by adopting at least three guide tunnels excavated step by step.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, a three-pilot-tunnel step excavation manner is adopted, and the specific parameter settings and the setting rationality of the excitation hole and the detector in step S2 are specifically described:
(1) the detectors are 4 and respectively comprise a first detector 3, a second detector 4, a third detector 5 and a fourth detector 6, and the first detector 3 and the second detector 4 are arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall of the first pilot tunnel 7; the third detector 5 and the fourth detector 6 are respectively arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall of the third pilot tunnel 9;
(2) the number of the excitation holes 2 is set to be 24, and the distance between every two adjacent excitation holes is set to be 1-1.5 m; the 24 excitation holes are simultaneously distributed on the right side wall of the first pilot hole 7 or the right side wall of the third pilot hole 9, and the detectors arranged on the corresponding side walls are arranged on the same side as the excitation holes; the setting principle is as follows: when the excitation holes are arranged on the right side wall of the first guide hole 7 or the right side wall of the third guide hole 9, the included angle between the right side wall and the main structural surface 1 is an acute angle (namely, the excitation holes are arranged on the guide hole side wall of which the included angle between the tunnel axis and the tunnel main structural surface is an acute angle side), and the reflected wave reflected by the main structural surface 1 can be received by all detectors; on the contrary, when the excitation holes 2 are simultaneously arranged on the left side wall of the first guide hole 7 or the left side wall of the third guide hole 9, the included angle between the left side wall and the main structural surface is an obtuse angle, so that part of reflected waves cannot be received by the wave detector, and the detection precision is further influenced. (comparison example is shown in FIG. 4)
(3) The offset distance between the leftmost excitation hole and the second detector 4 on the side wall of the guide tunnel on the same side is 15-20 m; the distance between the detector on the side wall of all the pilot holes and the excitation hole on the leftmost side is the same.
After the excitation hole and the detectors are arranged, the excitation hole is detonated, the data collected by the first detector 3, the second detector 4, the third detector 5 and the fourth detector 6 are combined in pairs, data processing, result interpretation and report compiling are respectively carried out, the detection distance is determined according to the quality of data collection, and detection reports of 3 pilot holes are respectively formed, wherein: the data of the first detector 3 and the second detector 4 correspond to the detection result of the first pilot tunnel 7, the data of the second detector 4 and the third detector 5 correspond to the detection result of the second pilot tunnel 8, the data of the third detector 5 and the fourth detector 6 correspond to the detection result of the third pilot tunnel 9, the data acquisition of all groups is not interfered with each other, and the whole data can comprehensively reflect all geological conditions in the transverse range in front of the tunnel excavation.
In summary, in the advanced geological prediction method for the huge-span underground tunnel, based on the combination of geological survey data and the actual working conditions on site, the excitation holes are distributed at reasonable positions according to the occurrence of the main structural surface (seismic wave reflecting surface) in front of tunnel excavation, and the number of detectors is increased in the transverse direction of the huge-span tunnel to receive reflected waves in a larger range, so that the data acquisition rate and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic waves are increased, the data acquisition quality is controlled, and the detection range and the accuracy of TSP detection are improved.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may differ in the shape of the components, the names of the components, and the like. All equivalent or simple changes of the structure, the characteristics and the principle of the invention which are described in the patent conception of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent of the invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (6)
1. A huge-span underground tunnel advanced geological prediction method based on TSP detection is characterized in that the huge-span underground tunnel is constructed in a multi-tunnel distributed excavation mode, and the following method is adopted for performing out-of-date geological prediction in the construction process, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, analyzing and determining the appearance of the main structure surface in front of the excavation of the huge-span underground tunnel according to the early-stage geological survey report, the on-site actual working condition and the geological sketch condition of each guide tunnel excavation surface in the construction process;
s2, determining the layout positions of the plurality of excitation holes and the plurality of detectors in the excavated pilot tunnel according to the appearance of the main structure surface of the tunnel;
the detectors are respectively arranged on the side walls of the guide holes, and the detectors on the side walls on two sides of the same guide hole are symmetrical about the axis of the tunnel; the plurality of excitation holes are simultaneously distributed on the side wall of the pilot tunnel, which can be received by all the detectors after seismic waves emitted by the excitation holes are reflected by the main structure surface;
and S3, after the excitation holes and the detectors are arranged, detecting the TSP of the tunnel, acquiring various seismic parameters in front of the excavation of the huge-span underground tunnel, and forming a TSP long-distance geological report.
2. The huge-span underground tunnel advanced geological prediction method based on TSP detection as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s4, according to the TSP long-distance geological report, carrying out comparative analysis on the TSP detection abnormal section by adopting an advanced geophysical prospecting means to form a comprehensive advanced geophysical prospecting report;
s5: according to the comprehensive advanced geophysical report in the step S4, aiming at the geophysical abnormal section, a horizontal drilling mode is adopted for verification and analysis, and a comprehensive geological report is obtained.
3. The advanced geological prediction method of the huge-span underground tunnel based on TSP detection as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the huge-span underground tunnel comprises at least 3 step-excavated pilot tunnels, and the span of the huge-span underground tunnel is greater than or equal to 30 m.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of excitation holes are disposed on a side wall of the tunnel where an included angle between the tunnel axis and the main structural surface of the tunnel is an acute angle side in step S2.
5. The method for advanced geological prediction of a giant-span underground tunnel according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the receivers are disposed on the side wall of the pilot tunnel with the excitation holes, the receivers are disposed on the same side of the excitation holes, the distance between the receivers and the left-most excitation hole is 15-20m, the distance between the excitation holes is 1-1.5m, and the total number of the excitation holes is 24.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the distance between the detectors on the sidewalls of all the pilot holes and the leftmost excitation hole is the same.
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