CN113736496B - Organic waste drying pyrolysis carbonization powder making system and method and heat and mass transfer ball - Google Patents
Organic waste drying pyrolysis carbonization powder making system and method and heat and mass transfer ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN113736496B CN113736496B CN202111120785.2A CN202111120785A CN113736496B CN 113736496 B CN113736496 B CN 113736496B CN 202111120785 A CN202111120785 A CN 202111120785A CN 113736496 B CN113736496 B CN 113736496B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B51/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by combined direct and indirect heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for preparing powder by drying, pyrolyzing and carbonizing organic waste and a heat and mass transfer ball. Can solve the problems of low pyrolysis efficiency, easy coking, poor adaptability to different organic wastes and large and uneven particle size of the prepared pyrolytic carbon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic waste resource recycling, in particular to a system and a method for preparing powder by drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and processing organic waste and a heat and mass transfer ball.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The organic waste refers to solid or liquid organic articles and substances which are generated in production activities by people and lose original utilization value or are discarded or abandoned without losing utilization value, and comprises three categories of agricultural organic waste (mainly comprising crop straw vines, livestock and poultry manure, aquatic waste and the like), industrial organic waste (mainly comprising high-concentration organic wastewater, organic waste residues and the like), municipal organic waste (mainly comprising landscaping waste, municipal sludge, animal contents of slaughter plants, kitchen waste and the like).
Pyrolytic charring (also known as pyrolysis or cracking), which generally refers to the introduction of oxygen, steam or heated CO into a reactor2Under the condition of (1), the material is heated to raise the temperature to cause the process of generating fuel (gas, liquid and carbon black) by molecular decomposition. Because the waste is decomposed under the anoxic condition, the exhaust gas quantity is small, the secondary pollution to the atmospheric environment is favorably reduced, and most of the harmful components of sulfur and heavy metals in the waste are fixed in the carbon black. The prepared biochar can be used for carbon capture and storage of pyrolysis, is called PyCCS for short, is a negative emission technology, can support circular economy, and can also directly remove greenhouse gases.
The organic waste contains a large amount of organic substances containing hydrocarbon, which is regarded as a potential resource, rather than simply as a pollution waste, and is a new concept of harmonious resources and ecology. Compared with conventional incineration and other treatment modes, the method for producing the synthesis raw material gas by using the carbon-hydrogen composite material as the gasification raw material has the advantages of clean process and capability of realizing the recycling of hydrocarbon resources. However, the inventor finds that the existing related researches have the problems of narrow range of organic waste gasification raw materials and difficult adaptation to large property difference of organic wastes, and limits the application of the pyrolysis carbonization technology in the field of organic waste treatment. In addition, the pyrolytic carbon prepared in the prior art has the problems of large and uneven particle size, and organic wastes are easy to coke in the process of pyrolysis.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for preparing powder by drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and processing organic wastes and a heat and mass transfer ball, which can solve the problems of low pyrolysis efficiency, easy coking, poor adaptability to different organic wastes and large and uneven particle size of the prepared pyrolytic carbon.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a heat and mass transfer ball for drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and pulverizing organic waste, wherein the diameter of the heat and mass transfer ball is larger than 5mm, and the material is selected from one of ceramic, metal or alloy.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a dry pyrolysis carbonization powder-making system for organic waste, comprising: the device comprises a rotary drying furnace, a rotary pyrolyzing furnace and a screening device, wherein the rotary drying furnace and the rotary pyrolyzing furnace are both of a horizontal structure, and a plurality of heat and mass transfer balls are contained in the rotary pyrolyzing furnace;
a material outlet of the rotary drying furnace is connected with a material inlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace;
and a material outlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is connected with a screening device.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing powder by drying, pyrolyzing and carbonizing organic wastes, which comprises the following steps:
and (2) adding the wet material into a rotary drying furnace, carrying out rotary drying, feeding the dried material into a rotary pyrolysis furnace, carrying out rotary pyrolysis, pyrolyzing the dry material under the boosting action of the heat and mass transfer balls, and crushing pyrolysis products under the impact action of the heat and mass transfer balls to obtain the carbon powder.
The above one or more embodiments of the invention have the following advantages:
when the heat and mass transfer balls with certain diameters and densities are applied to the rotary pyrolysis furnace, the heat and mass transfer balls play a certain boosting role in the pyrolysis process of dry materials, can prevent the dry materials from being in long contact time with the wall of the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and further can effectively avoid coking in the pyrolysis process. The heat and mass transfer ball has better heat transfer performance, can promote heat transfer, is beneficial to improving the uniformity of pyrolysis, and is further beneficial to improving the quality of the pyrolytic carbon. In addition, the heat and mass transfer balls can also have a certain impact effect on the pyrolytic carbon, and large-particle pyrolytic carbon is crushed through impact to prepare carbon powder.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an organic material drying, pyrolysis, carbonization and pulverization system according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a wet material feeding driving motor; 2. feeding a wet material into a screw conveyor; 3. a wet material bin; 4. spirally connecting and sealing; 5. fixedly connecting; 6. a drying furnace front end cover; 7. a tug support mechanism; 8. a drive connection chain; 9. a drying furnace driving device; 10. the heat and mass transfer balls are fed into the screw conveyer; 11. a drive motor; 12. a dry gas outlet; 13. dynamically sealing the front end of the drying; 14. drying the front end support section; 15. a drive sprocket; 16. decorating the protective layer; 17. an outer insulating layer; 18. a rotary drying furnace; 19. an inner spiral sheet; 20. drying the rear end support section; 21. drying and dynamically sealing the rear end; 22. a rear end cover of the drying furnace; 23. a standby observation port; 24. a waste heat flue gas inlet; 25. a dried material outlet; 26. transferring the dried material to a bin; 27. a dried material feeding port; 28. a drive motor; 29. feeding a dry material into a screw conveyor; 30. connecting and sealing; 31. heat and mass transfer balls; 32. a pyrolysis furnace front end cover; 33. a sliding support mechanism; 34. a standby observation port; 35. dynamically sealing the pyrolysis front end; 36. a pyrolysis front end support section; 37. dynamically sealing the front end smoke box; 38. a metal protective layer; 39. a heat-insulating layer; 40. heating the smoke box; 41. a rotary pyrolysis furnace; 42. a flue gas outlet; 43. a drying flue gas pipe; 44. dynamically sealing the rear end smoke box; 45. connecting a chain wheel; 46. a pyrolysis rear end support section; 47. dynamic sealing of the pyrolysis rear end; 48. a pyrolysis gas outlet; 49. a rear end cover of the pyrolysis furnace; 50. an access hole; 51. a hoist; 52. an outlet of the heat and mass transfer ball; 53. a screening device; 54. carbon powder outlet; 55. a discharge return sealing device; 56. a drive motor; 57. a spiral discharging machine; 58. carbon powder and a heat and mass transfer ball discharge port; 59. a fixed support mechanism; 60. connecting a chain; 61. a pyrolysis furnace drive; 62. a high temperature flue gas pipe; 63. an expansion joint; 64. a flue gas heating port; 65. and fixing the bracket.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and it should be understood that when the term "comprising" is used in the present invention, it indicates the presence of the features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or combinations thereof.
It is to be understood that the terms "upper," "horizontal," "bottom," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, configuration, and operation in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting.
In the present invention, terms such as "connected" and "connecting" should be interpreted broadly, and mean either a fixed connection or an integral connection or a detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined on a case-by-case basis by persons skilled in the relevant art or technicians, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a heat and mass transfer ball for drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and pulverizing organic waste, wherein the diameter of the heat and mass transfer ball is larger than 5mm, and the material is selected from one of ceramic, metal or alloy.
In some embodiments, the heat and mass transfer balls have a diameter of 10 to 100mm, preferably 20 to 90mm, more preferably 30 to 80mm, and even more preferably 30 to 60 mm.
The diameter of the heat and mass transfer ball is controlled in a reasonable range, so that the heat and mass transfer ball is convenient to separate from the carbon powder after impact crushing on the one hand; on the other hand, the heat and mass transfer balls with larger diameters have larger mass and can provide larger impact force, thereby being beneficial to crushing the pyrolytic carbon and improving the quality of the carbon powder.
In some embodiments, the heat and mass transfer balls are made of ceramic or steel.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a dry pyrolysis carbonization powder-making system for organic waste, comprising: the device comprises a rotary drying furnace, a rotary pyrolyzing furnace and a screening device, wherein the rotary drying furnace and the rotary pyrolyzing furnace are both in a horizontal structure, and a plurality of heat and mass transfer balls are contained in the rotary pyrolyzing furnace;
a material outlet of the rotary drying furnace is connected with a material inlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace;
the material outlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is connected with the screening device.
The screening device can realize the separation of the carbon powder and the heat and mass transfer balls, the separated carbon powder is conveyed into a carbon powder bin through a conveyor, and the carbon powder can be used as a raw material of a biological carbon-based fertilizer and can also be used for carbon capture and storage. The separated heat and mass transfer balls can be put into the rotary pyrolysis furnace again for cyclic utilization.
In some embodiments, the rotary drying furnace contains a plurality of heat and mass transfer balls.
And on the other hand, in the drying process of the wet organic waste, the heat and mass transfer balls are uniformly filled in the organic waste, so that the heating uniformity of the organic waste is improved, and the drying efficiency of the organic waste can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, the rotary drying furnace is positioned above the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and an inlet of the rotary drying furnace is connected with an outlet of the screening device through a lifter.
The heat and mass transfer balls screened out can be sent into the rotary drying furnace through the elevator, so that the heat and mass transfer balls can be recycled.
In some embodiments, the total mass of the heat and mass transfer spheres is 5 to 50 times the dry weight of the organic waste to be pyrolyzed. The heat and mass transfer balls are enough in quantity, so that uniform boosting force can be provided for organic waste, uniform impact force can be provided for pyrolyzed and carbonized carbon, and uniform crushing of the pyrolyzed carbon powder is facilitated.
In some embodiments, the furnace body of the rotary drying furnace is sequentially provided with a feeding straight section, a feeding conical section, a drying section, a discharging straight section and a discharging conical section from one side to the other side.
Furthermore, the inner walls of the feeding straight section and the discharging straight section are provided with multiple spiral sheets which are coaxial with the feeding straight section and the discharging straight section. The material can rapidly enter the feeding straight section hot drying area and rapidly leave the discharging straight section hot drying area, and accumulation of the material is avoided.
The multi-spiral sheet is formed by welding more than three spiral sheets with the same screw pitch on the inner cylinder body. Set up many flights at feeding straight section, set up two flights at the feeding conic section, it is more to set up the flight, promotes the material volume more, so set up many flights at feeding straight section and prevent that the material from blockking up at the feed inlet, quick entering feeding conic section sets up two flights, again for the material gets into in the inner tube.
Furthermore, the inner walls of the feeding conical section and the discharging conical section are provided with double spiral sheets which are coaxial with the feeding conical section and the discharging conical section. Can make the quick hot drying zone of entering feeding cone segment of material and the quick hot drying zone of ejection of compact cone segment that leaves of material, avoid piling up of material.
The double spiral sheets are two spiral sheets with the same pitch which are welded on the inner cylinder body.
Furthermore, a single spiral sheet is arranged on the inner wall of the drying section, and the single spiral sheet and the drying section are coaxially arranged. The drying section is the main area of drying reaction, sets up single flight can realize advancing slowly the material to guarantee drying quality.
Further, the height of the spiral sheet is 300-.
The materials with larger water content are in mutual collision contact with the heat and mass transfer balls in the rotary drying furnace body, and the materials are in full contact with the uniformly dispersed waste heat flue gas, so that the drying heat transfer and mass transfer are accelerated. The rotary drying furnace has high drying mechanization degree and high production capacity and can be continuously operated; the structure is excellent and simple, the materials can stably run through the resistance of the rotary drying furnace body, and the operation is convenient; the failure is less, the maintenance cost is low, and the power consumption is low; wide application range and good drying uniformity of products.
The heat transfer and mass transfer balls and the organic materials are continuously rolled and heated in the heating rotary pyrolysis furnace body, and the organic materials are gradually pyrolyzed and carbonized in the process of pyrolysis through the rotation of the heating cylinder body and the action of the spiral sheets to generate carbon powder and pyrolysis gas.
The internal heating rotary drying furnace can directly dry organic substances with the water content of 20-40% to the required water content once, and the whole process is carried out in a closed system, so that the pollution to the environment in the drying process is reduced. The materials with larger water content are in mutual collision contact with the heat and mass transfer balls in the rotary drying furnace body, and the materials are in full contact with the uniformly dispersed waste heat flue gas, so that the drying heat transfer and mass transfer are accelerated. The rotary drying furnace has high drying mechanization degree and high production capacity and can be continuously operated; the structure is excellent and simple, the materials can stably run through the resistance of the rotary drying furnace body, and the operation is convenient; the failure is less, the maintenance cost is low, and the power consumption is low; wide application range and good drying uniformity of products.
The external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace body comprises a single spiral sheet, a double spiral sheet and a plurality of spiral sheets, wherein the plurality of spiral sheets are welded on a feeding straight section and a discharging straight section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace body; wherein the double-spiral sheet is welded on a feeding conical section and a discharging conical section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace body; wherein the single spiral sheet is welded in the rotary pyrolysis furnace body, and the height of the spiral sheet is easily 200-400 mm.
In some embodiments, the rotary pyrolysis furnace is provided with a hot air jacket, an inlet of the hot air jacket is connected with a wind source, and an outlet of the hot air jacket is connected with an outlet end of the rotary drying furnace.
The high-temperature hot air entering the rotary pyrolysis furnace firstly heats and pyrolyzes the dry organic waste in the furnace body, the cooled hot air enters the rotary drying furnace and reversely flows with the wet organic waste to be dried, the wet organic waste is dried, and the heat utilization can be effectively improved.
The rotary pyrolysis furnace adopts indirect heat transfer, avoids the pollution of the pyrolysis gas of the material by the heated flue gas, prevents the raw materials and the products from being polluted by the outside, reduces the environmental pollution, reduces the energy consumption, improves the heat exchange efficiency, ensures the safety of the operation of the equipment, and simultaneously obtains the high-quality pyrolysis gas and the charcoal powder.
Furthermore, reinforcing ribs are welded on the outer wall of the rotary furnace body of the rotary pyrolysis furnace. The intensity of gyration pyrolysis furnace body is strengthened on the one hand to the welding strengthening rib, and on the other hand has increased the heat transfer area of gyration pyrolysis furnace body and furnace body outer wall and has carried out heat conduction to the material and conduct heat.
In some embodiments, the support mechanism of the rotary pyrolysis furnace comprises a fixed support mechanism and a sliding support mechanism, wherein the fixed support mechanism supports the discharging straight section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and the sliding support mechanism supports the feeding straight section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace.
The rotary pyrolysis furnace body is heated to generate thermal displacement, so that the front end support is set as a sliding support mechanism, and the rear end support is set as a fixed support mechanism.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing powder by drying, pyrolyzing and carbonizing organic wastes, which comprises the following steps:
and (2) adding the wet material into a rotary drying furnace, carrying out rotary drying, feeding the dried material into a rotary pyrolysis furnace, carrying out rotary pyrolysis, pyrolyzing the dry material under the boosting action of the heat and mass transfer balls, and crushing pyrolysis products under the impact action of the heat and mass transfer balls to obtain the carbon powder.
In some embodiments, the wet material is contacted directly with hot air during rotary drying. The heat exchange is carried out on the materials by means of convection heat transfer, and the device has the advantages of high heat utilization rate and short material reaction time.
In some embodiments, the total mass of the heat and mass transfer balls is 5-50 times the dry weight of the organic waste.
In some embodiments, the rotary pyrolysis is indirect heat transfer. When indirect heat transfer is carried out, the heat carrier is not directly contacted with the dried material, the heat exchange is carried out on the outer wall of the rotary pyrolysis furnace body through the hot air jacket, and the heat conduction heat transfer is carried out on the material by the outer wall of the furnace body. The pollution of the pyrolysis gas of the material by the heating flue gas is avoided, the raw materials and the products are not polluted by the outside, the environmental pollution is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the operation safety of the equipment is ensured, and meanwhile, the high-quality pyrolysis gas and the high-quality charcoal powder are obtained.
The heat and mass transfer balls play a role in boosting the movement of materials and assisting drying and heat transfer in the drying section. Along with the dry material falls into the pyrolysis section, the heat and mass transfer balls perform pyrolysis heat transfer in the motion of the boosting material in the pyrolysis section, the adhesion phenomenon of pyrolysis tar coke is avoided, and the collision of the heat and mass transfer balls plays a role in crushing the carbon powder.
In some embodiments, the hot air after the rotary pyrolysis enters a rotary drying process to heat and dry the wet organic waste. The cascade utilization of heat can be realized, and the utilization rate of energy is improved.
The system integrates the advantages of the rotary kiln and the ball mill, can ensure that the organic matter drying pyrolysis carbonization powder preparation process and equipment have continuous operation capability, can meet the requirements of high-quality biological carbon powder and high-quality pyrolysis gas for the drying pyrolysis carbonization powder preparation of various organic wastes, effectively improves the economy of the pyrolysis carbonization of the organic wastes, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Tests show that the organic matter drying, pyrolysis, carbonization and powder preparation system can realize the cleaning and recycling of organic wastes, has strong adaptability to the organic wastes, and has good environmental protection benefits and economic benefits.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and pulverizing organic wastes comprises a wet material feeding screw conveyor 2, an internal heating type rotary drying furnace 18, a dried material feeding screw conveyor 29, an external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace 41, a screw discharging machine 57, a screening device 53, a heat and mass transfer ball lifter 51, a heat and mass transfer ball feeding screw conveyor 10, a heat and mass transfer ball 31 and the like. The elevator may be a bucket elevator or a vertical elevator.
The internal heating type rotary drying furnace 18 is divided into a tug supporting mechanism 7, a rotary drying furnace body, a drying furnace front end cover 6, a drying furnace rear end cover 22, a drying furnace driving device 9 (a motor), an external heat insulation layer 17 and a decorative protection layer 16. The front end cover 6 of the drying furnace and the rear end cover 22 of the drying furnace are respectively fixed on the bracket; the front end cover 6 of the drying furnace and the rear end cover 22 of the drying furnace are respectively and dynamically sealed with the rotary drying furnace body.
The internal heating type rotary drying furnace is used for drying materials, waste heat smoke is directly contacted with the materials to be dried in the internal heating type rotary drying furnace to dry the materials, wet materials move forwards along with the heat and mass transfer balls, the waste heat smoke flows reversely with the materials and the heat and mass transfer balls, and heat exchange is carried out on the materials by means of convection heat transfer.
The internal heating rotary drying furnace can directly dry organic substances with the water content of 20-40% to the required water content once, and the whole process is carried out in a closed system, so that the pollution to the environment in the drying process is reduced. The materials with larger water content are in mutual collision contact with the heat and mass transfer balls in the rotary drying furnace body, and the materials are in full contact with the uniformly dispersed waste heat flue gas, so that the drying heat transfer and mass transfer are accelerated. The rotary drying furnace has high drying mechanization degree and high production capacity and can be continuously operated; the structure is excellent and simple, the materials can stably run through the resistance of the rotary drying furnace body, and the operation is convenient; the failure is less, the maintenance cost is low, and the power consumption is low; wide application range and good drying uniformity of products.
The internal heating type rotary drying furnace is characterized in that a single spiral sheet, a double spiral sheet and a plurality of spiral sheets are welded in a rotary drying furnace body of the internal heating type rotary drying furnace, wherein the plurality of spiral sheets are welded on a feeding straight section and a discharging straight section of the rotary drying furnace body, and the purpose that materials rapidly enter a feeding straight section hot drying area and rapidly leave a discharging straight section hot drying area is mainly achieved, so that the accumulation of the materials is avoided; the double-spiral sheet is welded on a feeding conical section and a discharging conical section of the rotary drying furnace body, and is mainly used for enabling materials to rapidly enter a feeding conical section hot drying area and enabling the materials to rapidly leave a discharging conical section hot drying area so as to avoid accumulation of the materials; wherein the single spiral slice is welded in the rotary drying furnace body and is the main area of the drying reaction, and the height of the spiral slice is easily 300-500 mm.
The external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace is divided into a fixed supporting mechanism 59, a sliding supporting mechanism 33, a rotary pyrolysis furnace body, a pyrolysis furnace front end cover 32, a pyrolysis furnace rear end cover 49 and a pyrolysis furnace driving device 61. The rotary pyrolysis furnace body is provided with a front-end sliding support mechanism and a rear-end fixed support mechanism, the front-end support is a sliding support mechanism in consideration of heat displacement generated by heating the rotary pyrolysis furnace body, and the rear-end support is a fixed support mechanism.
The external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace adopts indirect heat transfer, adopts high-temperature flue gas which is not directly contacted with the dried material, and exchanges heat with the outer wall of the rotary pyrolysis furnace body through a hot air jacket. The rotary pyrolysis furnace body is characterized in that reinforcing ribs are welded on the outer wall of the rotary pyrolysis furnace body to enhance the strength of the rotary pyrolysis furnace body and increase the heat exchange area of the rotary pyrolysis furnace body and the heat conduction of the outer wall of the furnace body to materials. The external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace adopts indirect heat transfer, avoids the pollution of the pyrolysis gas of the material by the heated flue gas, prevents the raw materials and the products from being polluted by the outside, reduces the environmental pollution, reduces the energy consumption, improves the heat exchange efficiency, ensures the safety of the operation of the equipment, and simultaneously obtains the high-quality pyrolysis gas and the biological carbon powder.
The carbon powder and heat and mass transfer ball screening device 53 is used for separating the carbon powder from the heat and mass transfer balls to realize the first step of automatic circulation of the heat and mass transfer balls, the separated heat and mass transfer balls enter the elevator 51 of the heat and mass transfer balls, and the separated carbon powder enters the carbon powder bin through the conveyor, and can be used as a raw material of a biological carbon-based fertilizer and can also be used for carbon capture and storage.
The elevator is used for lifting and conveying the heat and mass transfer balls, and further enters the feeding screw conveyor for automatic circulation of the heat and mass transfer balls.
The heat and mass transfer balls are spherical materials with the diameter range of 30-60mm, the materials are ceramic balls or steel balls, and the mass ratio of the heat and mass transfer balls is 5-50 times of that of organic substances.
The heat transfer and mass transfer balls and the pyrolysis organic materials are continuously rolled and heated in the heating rotary pyrolysis furnace body, and the pyrolysis organic materials are gradually pyrolyzed and carbonized to generate carbon powder, pyrolysis gas and the like in the process of going through the autorotation of the heating cylinder body and the action of the spiral plate.
The process flow specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the organic waste raw materials are crushed into particles with the particle size of below 50mm, the moisture content is lower than 30%, the non-organic substance impurities are lower than 5%, and the organic waste raw materials enter a wet material bin. Wet organic materials enter an internally heated rotary drying furnace 18 from a storage bin through a wet material feeding screw conveyor 2, waste heat smoke at the temperature of 150-250 ℃ directly heats the materials for drying, the temperature of the hot smoke is reduced to 50-110 ℃, and the hot smoke is discharged through a drying gas outlet 12; the drying is completed under the rotation of the internal heating type rotary drying furnace body and the working action of the heat and mass transfer balls, and the heat and mass transfer balls play a role in boosting the movement of materials and assisting the drying and heat transfer in the drying section.
2) And (3) feeding the organic material dried until the water content is less than 4% and the heat and mass transfer balls into an external heating rotary pyrolysis furnace together through a dry material feeding screw to perform indirect pyrolysis and carbonization reaction. The temperature of the high-temperature hot flue gas heating external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace is 600-850 ℃, and the pyrolysis carbonization temperature of organic substances in the external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace is 400-550 ℃.
3) The heat and mass transfer balls are used for boosting the material movement in the external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace body to carry out pyrolysis heat transfer, so that the phenomenon of adhesion of pyrolysis tar coke is avoided, and the collision of the heat and mass transfer balls plays a role in crushing carbon powder.
4) And cooling or collecting pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis and carbonization for direct combustion. The direct combustion of the pyrolysis gas is used for indirectly heating the external heating type rotary pyrolysis furnace, and the self-sufficiency of energy is realized. Then, the heated flue gas enters an internal heating type rotary drying furnace to directly dry materials, the utilization of waste heat and energy conservation is fully considered, and the heat efficiency is improved.
5) Separating the carbon powder and the heat and mass transfer balls after the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction, outputting the separated carbon powder, and outputting the separated heat and mass transfer balls to enter the next cycle.
6) And (3) feeding the separated heat and mass transfer balls and wet organic materials into an internal heating type rotary drying furnace to perform drying, pyrolysis, carbonization and powder preparation of the next circulating organic materials, so as to ensure continuous, efficient and stable operation of the equipment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (25)
1. The utility model provides a dry pyrolysis carbonization powder process system of organic waste which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a rotary drying furnace, a rotary pyrolysis furnace and a screening device, wherein the rotary drying furnace and the rotary pyrolysis furnace are both of a horizontal structure, a plurality of heat and mass transfer balls with the diameter larger than 5mm are contained in the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and the material is selected from one of ceramic, metal or alloy;
a material outlet of the rotary drying furnace is connected with a material inlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace;
a material outlet of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is connected with a screening device;
the furnace body of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is sequentially provided with a feeding straight section, a feeding conical section, a drying section, a discharging straight section and a discharging conical section from one side to the other side.
2. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the heat and mass transfer ball is 10-100 mm.
3. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the diameter of the heat and mass transfer ball is 20-90 mm.
4. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the diameter of the heat and mass transfer ball is 30-80 mm.
5. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the diameter of the heat and mass transfer ball is 30-60 mm.
6. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat and mass transfer ball is made of ceramic or steel.
7. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotary drying furnace is internally provided with a plurality of heat and mass transfer balls.
8. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the rotary drying furnace is positioned above the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and an inlet of the rotary drying furnace is connected with an outlet of the screening device through a lifter.
9. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the total mass of the heat and mass transfer balls is 5-50 times of the dry weight of the organic waste to be pyrolyzed.
10. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the rotary drying furnace is characterized in that a furnace body of the rotary drying furnace is sequentially provided with a feeding straight section, a feeding conical section, a drying section, a discharging straight section and a discharging conical section from one side to the other side.
11. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the inner walls of the feeding straight section and the discharging straight section of the rotary drying furnace are provided with multiple spiral sheets which are coaxial with the feeding straight section and the discharging straight section.
12. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the inner walls of the feeding conical section and the discharging conical section of the rotary drying furnace are provided with double spiral sheets which are coaxial with the feeding conical section and the discharging conical section.
13. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the inner wall of the drying section of the rotary drying furnace is provided with a single spiral sheet, and the single spiral sheet and the drying section are coaxially arranged.
14. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the height of the spiral plate of the rotary drying furnace is 300-500 mm.
15. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner walls of the feeding straight section and the discharging straight section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace are provided with multiple spiral sheets which are coaxial with the feeding straight section and the discharging straight section.
16. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste of claim 15, which is characterized in that: the inner walls of the feeding conical section and the discharging conical section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace are provided with double spiral sheets which are coaxial with the feeding conical section and the discharging conical section.
17. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste of claim 15, which is characterized in that: the inner wall of the drying section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is provided with a single spiral sheet, and the single spiral sheet and the drying section are coaxially arranged.
18. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste of claim 15, which is characterized in that: the height of the spiral plate of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is 200 mm and 400 mm.
19. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotary pyrolysis furnace is provided with a hot air jacket, an inlet of the hot air jacket is connected with an air source, and an outlet of the hot air jacket is connected with an outlet end of the rotary drying furnace.
20. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the rotary furnace body of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is welded with reinforcing ribs.
21. The dry pyrolysis carbonization coal pulverizing system of the organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting mechanism of the rotary pyrolysis furnace comprises a fixed supporting mechanism and a sliding supporting mechanism, wherein the fixed supporting mechanism supports the discharging straight section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and the sliding supporting mechanism supports the feeding straight section of the rotary pyrolysis furnace.
22. The method for drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and pulverizing organic wastes by using the system for drying, pyrolyzing, carbonizing and pulverizing organic wastes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
and (2) adding the wet material into a rotary drying furnace, carrying out rotary drying, feeding the dried material into a rotary pyrolysis furnace, carrying out rotary pyrolysis, pyrolyzing the dry material under the boosting action of the heat and mass transfer balls, and crushing pyrolysis products under the impact action of the heat and mass transfer balls to obtain the carbon powder.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the total mass of the heat and mass transfer balls is 5-50 times of the dry weight of the organic waste.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the method comprises the steps of: rotary pyrolysis is indirect heat transfer.
25. The method for preparing powder by drying, pyrolyzing and carbonizing organic waste according to claim 22, which comprises the following steps: and (4) hot air after rotary pyrolysis enters a rotary drying process to heat and dry the wet organic waste.
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