CN113735391A - Flower jar type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device and method - Google Patents
Flower jar type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113735391A CN113735391A CN202111158336.7A CN202111158336A CN113735391A CN 113735391 A CN113735391 A CN 113735391A CN 202111158336 A CN202111158336 A CN 202111158336A CN 113735391 A CN113735391 A CN 113735391A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
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- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/02—Odour removal or prevention of malodour
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The utility model provides a flower jar formula courtyard domestic sewage treatment plant and method, the device includes the main part reactor, the main part reactor includes inlayer reaction tank and outer purifying tank, inlayer reaction tank includes that the cylindricality holds establishes chamber and multistage filter material module, the used filter material of multistage filter material module includes biological filter material and iron-based material, multistage filter material module sets gradually along holding chamber circumference, wherein first order filter material module bottom is equipped with the water inlet, last one-level filter material module lower part is equipped with the delivery port, sewage passes through filter material modules at all levels in proper order after getting into from the water inlet and discharges into outer purifying tank from the delivery port, outer purifying tank includes cell body and view plant chinampa. The device organically couples iron-based reduction, microorganism and ecological purification technologies, can synchronously realize the high-efficiency removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal and organic matter, is convenient to replace and maintain in the modular reaction tank, occupies small area, meets the landscape requirement of courtyards, and can be applied to the decentralized domestic sewage treatment of farmer courtyards and villages and towns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a flower-jar type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device and method.
Background
With the increasing complexity of the components of domestic sewage discharged in rural areas, the components of the domestic sewage are frequently detected to have toxic and harmful pollutants such as personal care products, antibiotics, heavy metals and the like besides the conventional nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient element pollution.
The residential houses in rural areas are distributed dispersedly, sewage is collected difficultly, and even if a sewage treatment plant can be built, the later-stage operation is difficult and even the operation is stopped because the maintenance cost of the sewage treatment plant cannot be borne. Therefore, the rural sewage is directly discharged, and the sewage enters underground water and rivers through the ground surface, so that the harm to human health and river water quality is caused.
The distributed treatment mode can solve the dilemma, the distributed treatment mode at home and abroad mainly comprises biological contact oxidation, activated sludge and a membrane bioreactor, but the biochemical process has the problems of high technical requirement, large control difficulty and poor impact resistance, so that the long-term operation in rural areas is difficult. Meanwhile, the appearance of common sewage treatment equipment is difficult to fuse with the courtyard environment, and the odor can be emitted in the treatment process, so that the popularization is further hindered.
Therefore, the rural sewage treatment device and the method thereof have the advantages of simple operation and maintenance, low cost, good environmental compatibility and landscape effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The invention aims to provide a flower jar type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device and a method, the device organically couples iron-based reduction, microorganism and ecological purification technologies, can synchronously realize the stable and efficient removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal and organic matters, is convenient to replace and maintain a modular reaction tank, occupies a small area, meets the requirements of courtyard landscape, and can be applied to the distributed domestic sewage treatment of farmer courtyards and villages.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a flower-jar type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device which comprises a main body reactor, wherein the main body reactor comprises an inner layer reaction tank and an outer layer purification tank which are arranged in a nested manner, the inner layer reaction tank comprises a cylindrical accommodating cavity and a multi-stage filter material module arranged in the accommodating cavity, filter materials used by the multi-stage filter material module comprise biological filter materials and iron-based materials, all stages of filter material modules are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the accommodating cavity, a water inlet is formed in the bottom of the first stage filter material module, a water outlet is formed in the lower part of the last stage filter material module, sewage enters the accommodating cavity from the water inlet and then sequentially passes through the filter material modules to be discharged into the outer layer purification tank from the water outlet, the outer layer purification tank comprises a tank body and a landscape plant floating island, and the landscape plant floating island is positioned in the tank body, the upper part of the tank body is provided with a water outlet, and the lower part of the tank body is provided with a sludge discharge port.
Specifically, the cell body is back taper platform shape tubular structure, it is cylindrical to hold and establish the chamber, the diameter of holding establishing the chamber is the 1/4 ~ 1/2 of cell body major diameter, all levels of filter material modules all can be dismantled and change.
Specifically, according to the invention, the filter material can be modularized in a manner that the filter material is placed in the porous filter material box, and the filter material module can be detached and replaced by replacing the filter material box.
Further, courtyard domestic sewage treatment plant still include the preliminary treatment sedimentation tank, be equipped with the grid in the preliminary treatment sedimentation tank, sewage is followed the preliminary treatment sedimentation tank top gets into the preliminary treatment sedimentation tank, follow the preliminary treatment sedimentation tank bottom gets into the water inlet.
Specifically, the multistage filter material module is the tertiary filter material module, and wherein, the first order filter material module is the biological filter material module, and second level filter material module and third level filter material module are composite module, composite module includes iron-based material unit and biological filter material unit, it separates into open-topped three independent space to hold the chamber of establishing, three independent space with tertiary filter material module one-to-one sets up, along intaking to the water outlet direction, the height at different levels of tertiary filter material module is steadilyd decrease in proper order.
Specifically, the accommodating cavity can form three independent spaces by arranging the partition plates in the accommodating cavity and the like.
Specifically, the iron-based material unit is an iron-containing filter material such as an iron-carbon composite material and a ferric silicide-based material, the biological filter material unit is a biological filter material such as gravel, ceramsite and active carbon, and the specific filter material can be selected according to needs.
Specifically, the upper half part of the first-stage filter material module is medium-particle-size gravels with the particle size of 10-20 nm, and the lower half part of the first-stage filter material module is large-particle-size gravels with the diameter of 20-40 nm;
the upper half part of the biological filter material unit of the second-stage filter material module is small-particle-size gravel with the particle size of 5-10 nm, and the lower half part of the biological filter material unit of the second-stage filter material module is ceramsite with the diameter of 5-10 nm;
the upper half part of the biological filter material unit of the third-stage filter material module is zeolite with the particle size of 5-10 nm, and the lower half part of the biological filter material unit is granular activated carbon with the diameter of 1-5 nm.
Specifically, the iron-based material unit comprises a reaction box and a stirrer arranged in the reaction box, the reaction box comprises a box body and an iron-based material positioned in the box body, the box body is of a net-shaped cylinder structure, the diameter of a mesh of the box body is smaller than that of the iron-based material inside, and the iron-based material is an iron-carbon composite material and/or an iron silicide-based material.
Specifically, the preparation method of the iron-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
and (3) mixing an iron source and a carbon source according to the ratio of 8-10: 1, ball milling for 3-5 h at the rotating speed of 2000-4000 rpm, centrifuging, washing and vacuum drying to obtain the iron-carbon composite material.
Wherein the iron source is preferably micrometer zero-valent iron, and the carbon source is preferably activated carbon powder;
furthermore, propylene glycol is used as a lubricant during ball milling;
washing is carried out for 2-4 times by adopting ethanol.
In another alternative embodiment, the method for preparing the iron-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
mixing biochar with an iron source according to a mass ratio of 3-5: 1 to obtain a mixture;
reducing for 1-3 h at 800-950 ℃ in an inactive atmosphere, cooling, washing and drying to obtain the iron-carbon composite material.
Wherein the biochar is corn straw biochar powder, and the iron source is FeCl3·6H2And O, the biochar and the iron source are calculated according to the mass ratio of Fe.
Specifically, the preparation method of the iron-silicon composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing an iron source, a silicon-rich mineral material and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.5-0.7: 40-60, and oscillating at room temperature of 100-200 rpm for 20-30 h to obtain a suspension;
step 2: adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the suspension in an inert atmosphere, and stirring at 1000-2000 rpm for 20-40 min to obtain a mixed solution;
and step 3: and dropwise adding 0.4-0.6 mol/L potassium borohydride (kbh4) solution into the mixed solution at the speed of 5-7 ml/min, stirring for 50-70 min, separating, washing and drying to obtain the iron-silicon composite material.
Specifically, the water used in the step 1 is ultrapure water, the iron source is preferably ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and the silicon-rich mineral material is preferably attapulgite;
specifically, the volume of the absolute ethyl alcohol used in the step 2 is the same as that of the water used in the step 1;
specifically, the potassium borohydride solution used in the step 3 is a fresh preparation solution, and the volume of the potassium borohydride solution is the volume sum of water and absolute ethyl alcohol.
Specifically, the washing was performed with deoxygenated ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol in this order.
Furthermore, aquatic plants are planted at the top of the multi-stage filter material module;
the aquatic plant is at least one of herba Lysimachiae Christinae, herba Spirodelae, herba cistanches, herba Spirodelae, and herba Eichhorniae.
Specifically, the plants planted by the landscape plant floating island are at least one of canna, calamus and iris.
In a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for treating yard domestic sewage, wherein the yard domestic sewage treatment apparatus according to any one of the above aspects is used to treat sewage.
Specifically, the multistage filter material module is a three-stage filter material module, wherein the first-stage filter material module is a biological filter material module, the second-stage filter material module and the third-stage filter material module are both composite modules, each composite module comprises an iron-based material unit and a biological filter material unit, and iron-based materials in the iron-based material unit are stirred once every 1-1.5 months and are replaced once every 1.5-2 years.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the flower bed type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device, the multistage filter material module containing the biological filter material and the iron-based material and the landscape plant floating island are adopted, and the combined action of microorganisms, physics and ecology is combined, so that substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, antibiotics and heavy metals in domestic sewage can be synchronously removed, the sewage purification effect can be guaranteed, the effluent quality is improved, the environmental compatibility is considered, and the flower bed type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device can be applied to distributed domestic sewage treatment of peasant families and courtyards and villages;
by adopting the cylindrical inner-layer reaction tank and sequentially arranging the multi-stage filter material modules along the circumferential direction, sewage enters from the bottom of the first-stage filter material module and flows out from the bottom of the last-stage filter material module after sequentially passing through the modules at all stages, so that the filter material modules can be fully utilized, the treatment efficiency is improved, and the occupied area of the reaction tank can be reduced;
the invention adopts a bottom water inlet mode of middle inlet and periphery outlet (water inlet from the inner reaction tank and water outlet from the outer purification tank), and the peculiar smell of the sewage is absorbed by most parts after passing through all stages of filter material modules, thereby avoiding or greatly reducing the peculiar smell in the treatment process;
the modularized filter material is convenient to replace and easy to manage and maintain;
the combination of the high-efficiency iron-carbon composite material and the iron silicide material can ensure the treatment effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, antibiotics and heavy metals in sewage, and the iron-based material has low price and no secondary pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a flower bed type yard domestic sewage treatment device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top plan view of a flower bed type yard domestic sewage treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of the housing chamber;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a ferrous material unit;
the main component reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1. the device comprises a sedimentation tank, 2. a grid, 3. a pump, 4. an outer layer purification tank, 5. a water inlet, 6. a first-stage modular inner cavity, 7. a second-stage modular inner cavity, 8. a third-stage modular inner cavity, 9. a reaction box, 10. a water outlet, 11. a water discharge port, 12. a sludge discharge port and 13. an inner layer reaction tank.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the invention provides a flower-jar-type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device, which comprises a flower-jar-shaped main body reactor, wherein the main body reactor comprises an inner layer reaction tank 13 and an outer layer purification tank 4 which are nested, the inner layer reaction tank 13 comprises a cylindrical containing cavity and a three-level filter material module arranged in the containing cavity, filter materials used by the three-level filter material module comprise biological filter materials and iron-based materials, as shown in fig. 2, the containing cavity is divided into three mutually independent spaces with openings at the tops along the circumference through partition plates, namely a first-level modular inner cavity 6, a second-level modular inner cavity 7 and a third-level modular inner cavity 8, the three-level filter material modules (namely a first-level filter material module, a second-level filter material module and a third-level filter material module) and the three independent spaces are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the containing cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner, as shown in fig. 2, three independent space is cascaded distribution, and wherein first order filter material module bottom is equipped with water inlet 5, and third level filter material module lower part is equipped with delivery port 10, and sewage is followed water inlet 5 gets into it follows to hold to establish the chamber through tertiary filter material module in proper order delivery port 10 is discharged outer purifying tank 4, outer purifying tank 4 includes cell body and landscape plant chinampa, landscape plant chinampa is located the cell body, cell body upper portion is equipped with drainage port 11 lower part and is equipped with mud discharging port 12, through setting up mud discharging port 12, ensures that mud is got rid of completely to prevent that long-term accumulation of pollutant from causing the bottom of the pool to block up smelly scheduling problem.
The sewage generated in the daily life of residents enters the containing cavity from the water inlet after being discharged through the pipeline, is discharged into the outer purifying tank after being treated by the multi-stage filter material module, and is discharged from the water outlet after being further purified by landscape plants in the purifying tank to realize reutilization. The device adopts the multi-stage filter material module containing the biological filter material and the iron-based material and the landscape plant floating island, combines the combined action of microorganisms, physics and ecology, can synchronously remove substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, antibiotics and heavy metals in domestic sewage, can ensure the sewage purification effect, improves the effluent quality, simultaneously considers the environmental compatibility, and is widely suitable for various courtyards; by adopting the cylindrical inner-layer reaction tank, the multistage filter material modules are circumferentially and sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction, so that sewage enters from the bottom of the first-stage filter material module and flows out from the bottom of the last-stage filter material module after sequentially passing through the modules at all stages, the filter material modules can be fully utilized, the treatment efficiency is improved, and the occupied area of the reaction tank can be reduced; the invention adopts a bottom water inlet mode of middle inlet and periphery outlet (water inlet from the inner reaction tank and water outlet from the outer purification tank), and the peculiar smell of the sewage is absorbed by most parts after passing through all stages of filter material modules, thereby avoiding or greatly reducing the peculiar smell in the treatment process; the modularized filter material is convenient to replace and easy to manage and maintain.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the biological filter material may be gravel, ceramsite, active carbon, and other biological filter materials, and the specific filter material may be selected as needed; the iron-based material is an iron-containing filter material such as an iron-carbon composite material and a iron silicide-based material, and can be selected according to requirements.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the three-stage filter material module is adopted to remove substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, antibiotics and heavy metals in the wastewater, and in other embodiments, four or more stages of filter material modules can be selected according to needs, which is not limited in the invention.
Specifically, the accommodating cavity in the embodiment of the present invention is a cylindrical shape, and in other embodiments, the accommodating cavity may also be a square column shape, a polygonal column shape, or the like, and the specific shape may be selected as needed, which is not limited in the present invention.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the tank body in the embodiment of the present invention is an inverted frustum-shaped cylindrical structure, in other embodiments, the tank body may also be an ellipsoidal cylindrical structure, a cylindrical structure, and the like, which may be specifically selected according to a courtyard layout, requirements, and the like, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
Specifically, the diameter of the accommodating cavity is 1/4-1/2 of the major diameter (namely the opening diameter) of the tank body, and all levels of filter material modules can be detached and replaced. Through being the back taper platform shape with the cell body setting, when cylindrical diameter of holding the chamber of establishing is about the cell body major diameter 1/3, thereby can enough guarantee the enough time contact water of filter material module and fully get rid of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen phosphorus in the water, can guarantee the material make full use of nature of filter material module again, ensure getting rid of pollutant.
Specifically, according to the invention, the filter material can be modularized in a manner of placing the filter material in the porous filter material box, and the filter material module can be detached and replaced by moving and replacing the filter material box.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the yard domestic sewage treatment device further comprises a pretreatment sedimentation tank 1, a grating 2 is arranged in the pretreatment sedimentation tank 1, sewage enters the pretreatment sedimentation tank 1 from the top of the pretreatment sedimentation tank 1, is collected and stored in the pretreatment sedimentation tank 1 after passing through the grating 2, and can enter the water inlet 5 from the bottom of the pretreatment sedimentation tank 1 through a pump 3. The pretreatment sedimentation tank 1 is a structure which integrates sewage storage and sewage sedimentation, domestic sewage of residents enters the pretreatment sedimentation tank 1 through a sewage collection pipeline, a grid 2 can intercept suspended matters or large-particle-size substances in the sewage to prevent the pollutants from blocking filter materials, the sewage is stored in the sedimentation tank, the sewage homogenization adjustment and the precipitation separation of the particles are realized, and the homogenized sewage is continuously or intermittently conveyed to a main body reactor according to the water volume. The volume of the pretreatment sedimentation tank 1 can be adjusted according to the daily water consumption of the average person, and the pretreatment sedimentation tank has the advantages of flexibility and convenience.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first-stage filter material module is a biological filter material module, the second-stage filter material module and the third-stage filter material module are both composite modules, each composite module includes an iron-based material unit and a biological filter material unit, the accommodating cavity is uniformly divided into three independent spaces with different top openings and different heights along the circumference, the three independent spaces and the third-stage filter material modules are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, as shown in fig. 2, the heights of the three stages of the third-stage filter material modules are sequentially decreased along the water inlet direction to the water outlet direction, the corresponding arrangement means that the respective lowest heights of the three independent spaces are consistent with the heights of the corresponding filter material modules, and the three independent spaces are distributed in a stepped manner. The height difference of two adjacent stages in the three-stage filter material module is 1-3 cm, and preferably 2 cm. Because the height of each stage of filter material module is gradually reduced, sewage enters the accommodating cavity from the bottom of the first stage of filter material module and then flows upwards along the first stage of filter material module, and overflows from the top of the first stage of filter material module and enters the second stage of filter material module, peculiar smell emitted by the sewage is reduced by the adsorption of the first stage of filter material module, and meanwhile suspended matters or large-particle-size substances in the sewage can be intercepted by the first stage of large-particle-size filter material module. Sewage flows downwards along one side of the second-stage filter material module adjacent to the first-stage filter material module, substances such as antibiotics and heavy metals are removed by the iron-based material unit in the second-stage filter material module, conventional pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus are removed again by the biological filter material unit, so that the sewage is further purified, the sewage is stored in the second-stage filter material module and overflows from the top of one side of the second-stage filter material module adjacent to the third-stage filter material module to enter the third-stage filter material module, the quality of inlet water is further purified, and clear water with the quality of outlet water reaching the water environment quality standard is obtained. When the height difference of the two adjacent stages of modules is 1-3 cm, the requirement of water level difference can be met, the water flowing among the modules is ensured to be smooth, and a storage space can be provided for the filter material modules to the maximum extent.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the accommodating cavity may be divided into three independent spaces by disposing partition plates in the accommodating cavity, wherein the partition plates are disposed between the independent cavities corresponding to the first stage filter material module and the last stage filter material module to prevent sewage from directly entering the adjacent last stage filter material module from the first stage filter material module. Taking the height of the accommodating cavity as 70cm as an example, the height of the first-stage filter material module is 68cm, the height of the second-stage filter material module is 66cm, the height of the third-stage filter material module is 64cm, the height of a partition plate between the first-stage filter material module and the second-stage filter material module is 68cm, the height of a partition plate between the second-stage filter material module and the third-stage filter material module is 66cm, and the height of a partition plate between the third-stage filter material module and the first-stage filter material module is 70 cm.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the iron-based material unit and the biological filter material unit in the composite module are both of a cylindrical structure, the iron-based material unit and the biological filter material unit are arranged side by side and are positioned in front of the biological filter material unit along the direction from water inlet to water outlet, sewage overflowing from the upper-stage filter material module firstly enters the iron-based material unit and flows into the biological filter material unit from the side wall of the iron-based material unit, so that nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the inlet water are alternately intercepted with pollutants such as antibiotics and heavy metals, and the pollutants are fully intercepted after two cycles. Can also slow down hydraulic load, reduce the scouring of the iron-based material and further be effective for a long time. The column can be a fan-shaped column, a cube, or the like, for example, when the accommodating cavity is cylindrical, each unit is a fan-shaped column structure.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the central angles of the accommodating cavities corresponding to the units in the embodiment of the present invention are all 60 °.
Specifically, in the embodiment, the upper half part of the first-stage filter material module is medium-particle-size gravel with the particle size of 10-20 nm, and the lower half part of the first-stage filter material module is large-particle-size gravel with the diameter of 20-40 nm; the upper half part of the biological filter material unit of the second-stage filter material module is small-particle-size gravel with the particle size of 5-10 nm, and the lower half part of the biological filter material unit is ceramsite with the diameter of 5-10 nm; the upper half part of the biological filter material unit of the third-stage filter material module is zeolite with the particle size of 5-10 nm, and the lower half part of the biological filter material unit is granular activated carbon with the diameter of 1-5 nm.
The particle size of the biological filter material changes along with the water inlet sequence, and domestic sewage enters from the bottom of the first-stage filter material module and then goes out through the large filter material module and the small filter material module, so that the biological filter material adapts to the water quality treatment effect.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the iron-based material unit includes a reaction tank 9 and a stirrer disposed in the reaction tank, the reaction tank 9 includes a tank body and an iron-based material disposed in the tank body, as shown in fig. 4, the tank body is made of steel wire mesh material and has a fan-shaped cylindrical structure, the diameter of a mesh of the tank body is smaller than that of the iron-based material inside, and the iron-based material is an iron-carbon composite material and/or an iron silicide base material. Can regularly stir iron-based material through setting up the agitator, avoid iron-based material caking, and then influence sewage treatment effect, make iron-based material disperse evenly through the stirring, fully contact with into water and handle. The filter box is arranged, so that the iron-based material can be conveniently replaced after the iron-based material fails.
Specifically, the preparation method of the iron-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
in an alternative embodiment, the preparation method of the iron-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
and (3) mixing an iron source and a carbon source according to the ratio of 8-10: 1, ball milling for 3-5 h at the rotating speed of 2000-4000 rpm, centrifuging, washing and vacuum drying to obtain the iron-carbon composite material.
Wherein the iron source is preferably micrometer zero-valent iron, and the carbon source is preferably activated carbon powder;
furthermore, propylene glycol is used as a lubricant during ball milling;
washing is carried out for 2-4 times by adopting ethanol.
The iron-carbon composite material can quickly and effectively remove organic matters such as trichloroethylene and the like in sewage, and when the content of the trichloroethylene is 50mg/L, more than 90 percent of the organic matters can be removed in 3 min.
In another alternative embodiment, the method for preparing the iron-carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
mixing biochar with an iron source according to a mass ratio of 3-5: 1 to obtain a mixture;
reducing for 1-3 h at 800-950 ℃ in an inactive atmosphere, cooling, washing and drying to obtain the iron-carbon composite material.
Wherein the biochar is corn straw biochar powder, and the iron source is FeCl3·6H2And O, the biochar and the iron source are calculated according to the mass ratio of Fe.
The iron-carbon composite material can quickly and effectively remove antibiotics (such as tetracycline TC, oxytetracycline OTC and aureomycin CTC) in sewage for 1h, and the removal rate can reach more than 95%.
In an alternative embodiment, the preparation method of the iron-silicon composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing an iron source, a silicon-rich mineral material and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.5-0.7: 40-60, and oscillating at room temperature of 100-200 rpm for 20-30 h to obtain a suspension;
step 2: adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the suspension in an inert atmosphere, and stirring at 1000-2000 rpm for 20-40 min to obtain a mixed solution;
and step 3: and dropwise adding 0.4-0.6 mol/L potassium borohydride (kbh4) solution into the mixed solution at the speed of 5-7 ml/min, stirring for 50-70 min, separating, washing and drying to obtain the iron-silicon composite material.
Specifically, the water used in the step 1 is ultrapure water, the iron source is preferably ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and the silicon-rich mineral material is preferably attapulgite;
specifically, the volume of the absolute ethyl alcohol used in the step 2 is the same as that of the water used in the step 1, and the inert atmosphere is preferably a nitrogen protection atmosphere;
specifically, the potassium borohydride solution used in the step 3 is a fresh preparation solution, and the volume of the potassium borohydride solution is the volume sum of water and absolute ethyl alcohol.
Specifically, the washing was performed with deoxygenated ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol in this order.
The iron silicide material can remove Cr (VI) and other heavy metals in sewage quickly and effectively, and can remove more than 96% in 4 hours.
Above-mentioned iron-carbon composite and iron silicide material can be according to the concrete composition matched stack of sewage, because its fast efficient treatment effect, can ensure the treatment effect to nitrogen phosphorus, antibiotic and heavy metal in the sewage when being used for this sewage treatment plant, and above-mentioned iron-based material low price, no secondary pollution, and only need once of manual stirring every 1 ~ 1.5 months, change once every 1.5 ~ 2 years and can guarantee effective work.
Furthermore, aquatic plants are planted at the top of the multi-stage filter material module;
the aquatic plant is at least one of herba Lysimachiae Christinae, herba Spirodelae, herba cistanches, herba Spirodelae, and herba Eichhorniae.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the plants planted in the landscape plant floating island are selected from at least one of canna, calamus and iris. The outer purification tank collects effluent and fallen objects in the inner reaction tank, the landscape plant floating island is arranged on the water collection surface, aquatic plants such as canna, calamus, iris and the like are mixed and planted, and the deep purification of water quality is further realized by utilizing the rhizome absorption effect of the aquatic plants.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water outlet 10 is arranged at a position away from the bottom 4 of the inner-layer reaction tank so as to prevent sludge from blocking the water outlet 10 of the inner-layer reaction tank. The water outlet 11 is arranged 4cm below the contour line of the inner-layer reaction tank, wherein the height of the inner-layer reaction tank is measured by the height of the first-stage filter material module. After being purified by the flower pot type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device, the sewage is discharged through the water outlet and can be used for irrigation of farmlands, flower gardens and the like, so that the water resource is effectively saved, and the environmental protection benefit is achieved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a courtyard domestic sewage treatment method, which adopts any one of the courtyard domestic sewage treatment devices to treat sewage.
Specifically, the multistage filter material module is a three-stage filter material module, wherein the first-stage filter material module is a biological filter material module, the second-stage filter material module and the third-stage filter material module are both composite modules, each composite module comprises an iron-based material unit and a biological filter material unit, and iron-based materials in the iron-based material unit are stirred once every 1-1.5 months and are replaced once every 1.5-2 years.
The method embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the device embodiment, and specific descriptions and effects refer to the device embodiment and are not repeated herein.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (10)
1. A flower jar type courtyard domestic sewage treatment device is characterized by comprising a main body reactor, the main reactor comprises an inner layer reaction tank and an outer layer purification tank which are nested, the inner layer reaction tank comprises a cylindrical containing cavity and a multi-stage filter material module arranged in the containing cavity, the filtering material used by the multi-stage filtering material modules comprises biological filtering material and iron-based material, the filtering material modules at all stages are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the accommodating cavity, wherein the bottom of the first stage filter material module is provided with a water inlet, the lower part of the last stage filter material module is provided with a water outlet, sewage enters the containing cavity from the water inlet and then is discharged into the outer layer purifying tank from the water outlet after passing through each stage filter material module in sequence, the outer purification tank comprises a tank body and a landscape plant floating island, the landscape plant floating island is located in the tank body, and a sludge discharge port is formed in the upper portion of the tank body and is arranged at the lower portion of a water discharge port.
2. The courtyard domestic sewage treatment device of claim 1, wherein the tank body is of an inverted frustum-shaped cylindrical structure, the accommodating cavity is cylindrical, the diameter of the accommodating cavity is 1/4-1/2 of the major diameter of the tank body, and all stages of filter material modules can be detached and replaced.
3. The yard domestic sewage treatment apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a pretreatment settling tank, wherein a grid is disposed in the pretreatment settling tank, and sewage enters the pretreatment settling tank from the top of the pretreatment settling tank and enters the water inlet from the bottom of the pretreatment settling tank.
4. The courtyard domestic sewage treatment device of claim 1, wherein the multistage filter material modules are three-stage filter material modules, wherein the first-stage filter material module is a biological filter material module, the second-stage filter material module and the third-stage filter material module are both composite modules, each composite module comprises an iron-based material unit and a biological filter material unit, the accommodating cavity is divided into three independent spaces with open tops, the three independent spaces and the three-stage filter material modules are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the heights of the three stages of the three-stage filter material modules are gradually reduced along the water inlet direction and the water outlet direction.
5. The yard domestic sewage treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein:
the upper half part of the first-stage filter material module is medium-particle-size gravel with the diameter of 10-20 nm, and the lower half part of the first-stage filter material module is large-particle-size gravel with the particle size of 20-40 nm;
the upper half part of the biological filter material unit of the second-stage filter material module is small-particle-size gravel with the particle size of 5-10 nm, and the lower half part of the biological filter material unit of the second-stage filter material module is ceramsite with the diameter of 5-10 nm;
the upper half part of the biological filter material unit of the third-stage filter material module is zeolite with the particle size of 5-10 nm, and the lower half part of the biological filter material unit is granular activated carbon with the diameter of 1-5 nm.
6. The yard domestic sewage treatment device of claim 4, wherein the iron-based material unit comprises a reaction tank and a stirrer arranged in the reaction tank, the reaction tank comprises a tank body and an iron-based material positioned in the tank body, the tank body is of a net-shaped cylinder structure, the mesh diameter of the tank body is smaller than the diameter of the inner iron-based material, and the iron-based material is an iron-carbon composite material and/or an iron silicide-based material.
7. The yard domestic sewage treatment apparatus of claim 1 wherein aquatic plants are planted on top of said multi-stage filter material module;
the aquatic plant is at least one of herba Lysimachiae Christinae, herba Spirodelae, herba cistanches, herba Spirodelae, and herba Eichhorniae.
8. The yard domestic sewage treatment apparatus of claim 1 wherein said landscape plant floating island is planted with a plant selected from at least one of canna, calamus, iris.
9. A method for treating yard domestic sewage, characterized in that the yard domestic sewage treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used to treat the sewage.
10. The sewage treatment method according to claim 9, wherein the multistage filter material modules are three-stage filter material modules, wherein the first-stage filter material module is a biological filter material module, the second-stage filter material module and the third-stage filter material module are both composite modules, each composite module comprises an iron-based material unit and a biological filter material unit, and iron-based materials in the iron-based material unit are stirred once every 1-1.5 months and replaced once every 1.5-2 years.
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