CN113732827B - Impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing machining device and method - Google Patents
Impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing machining device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113732827B CN113732827B CN202111074101.XA CN202111074101A CN113732827B CN 113732827 B CN113732827 B CN 113732827B CN 202111074101 A CN202111074101 A CN 202111074101A CN 113732827 B CN113732827 B CN 113732827B
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- impeller blade
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/14—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/12—Accessories; Protective equipment or safety devices; Installations for exhaustion of dust or for sound absorption specially adapted for machines covered by group B24B31/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/12—Accessories; Protective equipment or safety devices; Installations for exhaustion of dust or for sound absorption specially adapted for machines covered by group B24B31/00
- B24B31/16—Means for separating the workpiece from the abrasive medium at the end of operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of impeller blade machining, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing machining device and method for an impeller blade. The invention comprises a box body, a feeding system and a circulating recovery system, wherein the feeding system and the circulating recovery system are used for providing grinding materials for the box body; the feeding system is communicated with the front end of the box body, and the circulating recovery system is used for communicating the tail end of the box body with the feeding system to form a circulating loop; an ultrasonic vibrator with a longitudinal-torsional composite amplitude transformer is arranged in the box body, and the vibration direction of the amplitude transformer is consistent with the spiral direction of the impeller blade; the tail end of the feeding system is abutted to the box body, the grinding materials flow into the box body to be subjected to finishing processing of the impeller blade, and the box body is always in a static pressure state in the processing process, so that the surface processing of the impeller blade is uniform. The invention improves the finishing effect and the finishing precision; the working efficiency of the amplitude transformer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface finishing in machining, and particularly relates to an impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow finishing device and method.
Background
The impeller blade is a core component of devices such as an aircraft engine, a steam turbine and the like. The impeller refers to a wheel disc provided with movable blades and also refers to a general name of the wheel disc and the movable blades arranged on the wheel disc. Turbine blades in aircraft engines are in the parts with the highest temperatures, the most complex stresses and the most hostile environment and are referred to as the first critical part. Due to the complex curved surface structure and the approximate harsh application environment, the impeller blade becomes the most classical structure which is difficult to machine. After the blades are machined, the surfaces of the blades need to be polished, and extrusion type abrasive flow polishing machining is mainly adopted at present; in order to guarantee the precision and the finishing effect, the method needs to specially manufacture corresponding clamps according to the shape of the blade. The special clamp is high in manufacturing cost, easily has the defects of local excessive polishing, insufficient polishing and the like, and cannot meet the requirement of high efficiency. Therefore, a convenient and efficient impeller blade finishing method needs to be found.
In patent CN109500665A, an apparatus for processing the inner wall of a circular tube by using an elliptical vibration composite static pressure abrasive flow is provided. In the device, ultrasonic vibration is simultaneously applied to a circular tube in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction to make the circular tube vibrate elliptically, and then an abrasive is introduced to process the inner wall of the tube. However, this device is only suitable for machining round pipes and cannot be used for machining impeller blades.
In patent CN109531287A, an ultrasonic vibration assisted abrasive flow precision finishing device for the inner wall of a circular tube is provided. In the device, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the circumferential direction of the circular tube, so that scratches of abrasive particles on the inner surface of the circular tube are changed into wave shapes from the axial direction along the wall surface, and a better smooth processing effect on the inner wall of the circular tube is achieved. However, the device is only suitable for processing round pipes and cannot be used for processing impeller blades; because static pressure cannot be maintained within the device, the blade fluid abrasive flow field pressure varies in a gradient from the inlet to the outlet, resulting in uneven material removal.
An efficient constant pressure difference intermittent rotary extrusion abrasive flow polishing method and device are respectively provided in patents with application numbers of CN201410737104 and CN201410742611, and the method provides an intermittent rotary polishing method for parts with complex curved surfaces, such as blisks, impellers, blades and the like of aeroengines. Although the device is suitable for processing impeller blades, static pressure cannot be maintained in the device, so that the pressure of a blade fluid abrasive flow field changes in a gradient manner from an inlet to an outlet, and uneven material removal can be caused. The device drives a workpiece to rotate intermittently by using a hydraulic motor to drive a gear external meshing negative clearance turntable bearing rotating system, the rotating speed range of the workpiece can be between 0.5 rpm and 2 rpm, the device is provided with an ultrasonic vibration device, and the adopted composite amplitude transformer can perform longitudinal and torsional composite vibration, so that the vibration mode and the vibration speed of the device are obviously different from those of the device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a device and a method for polishing and finishing an impeller blade by ultrasonic vibration and static pressure abrasive flow.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: an impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing and processing device comprises a box body, a feeding system and a circulating recovery system, wherein the feeding system is used for providing abrasive for the box body;
the feeding system is communicated with the front end of the box body, and the circulating recovery system is used for communicating the tail end of the box body with the feeding system to form a circulating loop;
the ultrasonic vibrator with the longitudinal-torsional composite amplitude transformer is arranged in the box body, the vibration direction of the amplitude transformer is consistent with the spiral direction of the impeller blade, abrasive materials flow into the box body in the machining process, and the impeller blade is driven by the amplitude transformer to vibrate in a static pressure state to be polished, so that the surface of the impeller blade is uniformly machined.
Furthermore, the feeding system comprises a hydraulic cylinder and an abrasive material cylinder, the abrasive material cylinder is communicated with the top end of the hydraulic cylinder through a pipeline, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the communicated pipeline, a conduit is movably connected to the pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder, and a one-way valve is arranged in the conduit.
Furthermore, the pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder is sealed with the guide pipe through a rubber sealing ring, and a one-way valve is arranged on the pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder.
Further, the box body comprises a processing cavity at the front end, a heat dissipation cavity at the tail end and a drainage plate for communicating the processing cavity with the heat dissipation cavity;
the processing cavity, the heat dissipation cavity and the drainage plate are detachably connected, a circle of through holes are formed in the drainage plate, a shield used for clamping the impeller blade is arranged on the front side of the drainage plate, and the amplitude transformer is connected with the impeller blade through the shield.
Furthermore, the diameter of the through hole at the top of the drainage plate is smaller than that of the through hole at the bottom of the drainage plate.
Furthermore, the feeding system further comprises a cleaning material cylinder containing paraffin, the cleaning material cylinder is communicated with the hydraulic cylinder through a pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the communicated pipeline.
Furthermore, a coarse filter screen is arranged at the top of the cleaning material cylinder, and a fine filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the cleaning material cylinder.
Furthermore, the box body is provided with a pressure sensor.
Furthermore, the circulation recovery system is respectively communicated with the cleaning material cylinder and the grinding material cylinder through pipelines, and the communicated pipelines are provided with electromagnetic valves.
A processing method of an impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow finishing processing device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mounting a test piece; fixing an impeller to be processed on an amplitude transformer, and fixing a protective cover on a box body through a bolt;
step two: filling an abrasive material; the second electromagnetic valve is controlled to enable the abrasive to enter the hydraulic cylinder from the abrasive material charging barrel to flow towards the box body, the one-way valve is pushed to drive the guide pipe to move towards the box body, when the guide pipe is in contact with the box body, the hydraulic cylinder continues to push the abrasive material, the pressure of the abrasive material in the pipe is increased until the pressure of the abrasive material in the pipe overcomes the pre-tightening force of a spring of the one-way valve, and the abrasive material flows out of the one-way valve and then enters the box body through the guide pipe;
step three: setting pressure; closing the fourth electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve, and continuously introducing the grinding material until the pressure in the device reaches the set pressure;
step four, starting ultrasonic vibration; after being subjected to high-frequency sinusoidal excitation, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the ultrasonic vibrator generates longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration consistent with the rotation direction of the blade;
step five: the amplitude transformer drives the impeller blade to vibrate in a static pressure flow field of the fluid abrasive, so that the impeller blade is machined, the box body is always in a static pressure state in the machining process, and the fluid abrasive performs micro-cutting, plowing and sliding on the inner wall surface of the impeller blade under the action of longitudinal-torsional composite vibration to obtain the uniformly machined surface of the impeller blade;
step six: after the fluid grinding material is machined for a period of time, the fourth electromagnetic valve is opened, the grinding material flows into the grinding material barrel from the box body along the pipeline again under the action of pressure, so that the fluid grinding material in the whole finishing machining process is always in a state of small temperature change, and the machining characteristics of the fluid grinding material are kept;
step seven: after processing, make paraffin flow to the box direction in getting into the pneumatic cylinder from wasing the material jar through first solenoid valve, get into the box through check valve and pipe, and get into the heat dissipation chamber through the great round hole in drainage plate bottom, close the fourth solenoid valve this moment, open the third solenoid valve, paraffin and the mixture entering pipeline of abrasive material flow into the washing material jar once more, the mixture passes through coarse filtration net downward flow, when opening first solenoid valve once more, the mixture passes through during fine filtration net gets into the pneumatic cylinder, becomes pure paraffin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the composite amplitude transformer in the box body is in a longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mode, and is always in a static pressure state in the processing process of the impeller blade, and the vibration direction of the amplitude transformer is consistent with the spiral direction of the impeller blade, so that the situation that abrasive materials do not contact the surface of the impeller blade is not easy to occur, the pressure on the surface of the impeller blade is smooth and uniform, the relative speed direction of abrasive particles contacting the surface of the impeller and the blade is consistent with the rotation direction of the blade, the purpose of uniform material removal in the surface finishing processing of the blade is achieved, the effect of improving the finishing processing effect and the finishing accuracy is achieved, and the defect of the surface processing accuracy of the blade caused by uneven and low-finish material removal in the traditional abrasive material flow processing is overcome;
2. the box body is divided into the processing cavity and the heat dissipation cavity by the drainage plate, so that on one hand, in the abrasive flow finishing processing process, the abrasive flowing out of the hydraulic cylinder can absorb heat generated in finishing processing, and on the other hand, the fluid abrasive flows through the surface of the amplitude transformer through the drainage plate, so that the effect of cooling the amplitude transformer is achieved, and the working efficiency of the amplitude transformer is improved;
3. this application is earlier with abrasive material flowing and neatly processes impeller blade surface, then utilizes paraffin to extrude the fluid abrasive material from the process chamber, utilizes paraffin to realize wasing impeller blade surface under the effect of ultrasonic vibration energy field, and this application realizes finishing processing and surface cleaning's dual effect through the two kinds of different fluids of a set of device drive, is showing the efficiency that improves finishing processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a flow guide plate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the processing or cleaning state of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-hydraulic cylinder, 2-first electromagnetic valve, 3-fine filter screen, 4-second electromagnetic valve, 5-coarse filter screen, 6-abrasive material cylinder, 7-cleaning material cylinder, 8-third electromagnetic valve, 9-rubber sealing ring, 10-through hole, 11-processing cavity, 12-flow guide plate, 13-heat dissipation cavity, 14-ultrasonic vibrator, 15-pressure sensor, 16-shield, 17-impeller blade, 18-box body, 19-conduit, 20-one-way valve, 21-fifth electromagnetic valve, 22-feeding system, 23-recycling system and 24-fourth electromagnetic valve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings and attached to the description are only for understanding and reading the disclosure of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the practical conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the ratio relationships, or adjustments of the sizes, should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
The front and back refer to the telescopic direction of the hydraulic cylinder 1, the fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is the front, and the telescopic end is the back.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: an impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing and finishing device comprises a box body 18, a feeding system 22 and a circulating recovery system 23, wherein the feeding system 22 is used for providing abrasive for the box body 18;
the feeding system 22 is communicated with the front end of the box body 18, and the circulating recovery system 23 is used for communicating the tail end of the box body 18 with the feeding system 22 to form a circulating loop;
an ultrasonic vibrator 14 with a longitudinal-torsional composite amplitude transformer is arranged in the box body 18, and the vibration direction of the amplitude transformer is consistent with the spiral direction of the impeller blade; the ultrasonic vibrator 14 with the longitudinal-torsional composite amplitude transformer is arranged in the box body 18, the vibration direction of the amplitude transformer is consistent with the spiral direction of the impeller blade, abrasive flows into the box body 18 in the machining process, and the amplitude transformer drives the impeller blade 17 to vibrate in a static pressure state to perform polishing machining, so that the surface of the impeller blade 17 is machined uniformly.
The feeding system 22 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 1 and an abrasive material cylinder 6, the abrasive material cylinder 6 is communicated with the top end of the hydraulic cylinder 1 through a pipeline, a second electromagnetic valve 4 is arranged on the communicated pipeline to ensure the one-way movement of the abrasive material, a conduit 19 is movably connected to the pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder 1, and a one-way valve 20 is arranged in the conduit 19. After the abrasive in the abrasive barrel 6 enters the hydraulic cylinder 1, the conduit 19 is pushed to move towards the tail end until the conduit 19 is pressed against the box 18, the one-way valve 20 is opened along with the increase of the pressure of the abrasive, and the abrasive flows into the box 18 to be polished by the impeller blade 17.
The pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is sealed with the guide pipe 19 through a rubber sealing ring 9, and a fifth electromagnetic valve 21 is arranged on the pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder 1.
The box body 18 comprises a processing cavity 11 at the front end, a heat dissipation cavity 13 at the tail end and a drainage plate 12 for communicating the processing cavity 11 with the heat dissipation cavity 13;
the processing cavity 11 and the heat dissipation cavity 13 are detachably connected with the drainage plate 12, a circle of through holes 10 are formed in the drainage plate 12, a protective cover 16 used for clamping impeller blades 17 is arranged on the front side of the drainage plate 12, and the impeller 17 is fixed on the amplitude transformer.
The diameter of the through-holes 10 at the top of the flow guide plate 12 is smaller than the diameter of the through-holes 10 at the bottom (as shown in fig. 2).
The processing cavity 11, the heat dissipation cavity 13 and the drainage plate 12 are detachably connected through bolts.
The feeding system 22 further comprises a cleaning material cylinder 7 containing paraffin, the cleaning material cylinder 7 is communicated with the hydraulic cylinder 1 through a pipeline, and a first electromagnetic valve 2 is arranged on the communicated pipeline to guarantee one-way movement of the paraffin.
The top of the cleaning material cylinder 7 is provided with a coarse filter screen 5, and the bottom is provided with a fine filter screen 3.
The box 18 is provided with a pressure sensor 15, and the pressure sensor 15 can control the pressure in the box to be optimal, so that the abrasive cutting is kept in an optimal state.
The circulation recovery system 23 is respectively communicated with the cleaning material cylinder 7 and the grinding material cylinder 6 through pipelines, and the communicated pipelines are respectively provided with a third electromagnetic valve 8 and a fourth electromagnetic valve 24.
The whole device achieves the effect of sealing the finishing processing cavity through the pressure of fluid, so the structure is compact and the cost is lower.
An impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow finishing processing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: mounting a test piece; fixing an impeller 17 to be processed on an amplitude transformer, and fixing a protective cover 16 on a box body 18 through bolts;
step two: filling an abrasive material; the second electromagnetic valve 4 is controlled to enable the abrasive to enter the hydraulic cylinder from the abrasive material cylinder 6 and flow towards the box body, the one-way valve 20 is pushed to drive the guide pipe 19 to move towards the box body, when the guide pipe 19 is in contact with the box body 18, the hydraulic cylinder 1 continues to push the abrasive, the pressure of the abrasive in the pipe is increased until the pressure of the abrasive in the pipe overcomes the pre-tightening force of the spring of the one-way valve 20, the abrasive flows out of the one-way valve 20, and then the abrasive enters the box body 18 through the guide pipe 19;
step three: setting pressure; closing the fourth electromagnetic valve 24 and the third electromagnetic valve 8, and continuing to introduce the grinding materials until the pressure in the device reaches the set pressure;
fourthly, starting ultrasonic vibration; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the ultrasonic vibrator 14 is subjected to high-frequency sinusoidal excitation to generate mechanical vibration along the axial direction, so that longitudinal vibration force F is generated on the amplitude transformer, and is decomposed by the spiral chute and converted into axial component force F generating longitudinal vibration l Tangential component F of torsional vibration t Tangential component force F t Generating a vibration torque M, the torque M = generated at this time
Wherein r is i Is the inner diameter, r, of the radial section of the horn at the interface o The outer diameter of the radial section of the amplitude transformer at the interface;
step five: the amplitude transformer drives the impeller blade 17 to vibrate in a static pressure flow field of the fluid abrasive (the vibration direction of the amplitude transformer is consistent with the spiral direction of the impeller blade 17), so that the impeller blade 17 is machined, the box body 18 is always in a static pressure state in the machining process, and the fluid abrasive performs micro-cutting, plowing and sliding on the inner wall surface of the impeller blade under the action of longitudinal-torsional composite vibration to obtain the uniformly machined surface of the impeller blade; (ii) a
Step six: after a period of processing, the heated fluid abrasive enters the heat dissipation cavity 13 through the larger circular hole at the bottom of the drainage plate, the fourth electromagnetic valve 24 is opened, the third electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, and the abrasive flows into the abrasive charging barrel 6 again along the pipeline from the box body 18 under the action of pressure, so that the fluid abrasive in the whole finishing processing process is always in a state of small temperature change, and the processing characteristics of the fluid abrasive are maintained;
step seven: after the processing is finished, the paraffin enters the hydraulic cylinder 1 from the cleaning material cylinder 7 through the first electromagnetic valve 2 and flows towards the direction of the box body, enters the box body through the one-way valve 20 and the guide pipe 19, and enters the heat dissipation cavity 13 through the large round hole at the bottom of the drainage plate 12, at the moment, the fourth electromagnetic valve 24 is closed, the third electromagnetic valve 8 is opened, the mixture of the paraffin and the abrasive enters the pipeline and flows into the cleaning material cylinder 7 again, the mixture flows downwards through the coarse filter screen 5, when the first electromagnetic valve 2 is opened again, the mixture enters the hydraulic cylinder 1 through the fine filter screen 3 and becomes pure paraffin, and the fluid abrasive on the coarse filter screen 5 can be recycled; thereby realizing the cleaning of the impeller blade and improving the efficiency of the finishing process.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the impeller 17 is processed, the second electromagnetic valve 4 is controlled to enable the abrasive to enter the hydraulic cylinder from the abrasive material cylinder 6 and flow towards the box body, the one-way valve 20 is pushed to drive the guide pipe 19 to move towards the box body, when the guide pipe 19 is contacted with the box body 18, the hydraulic cylinder 1 continues to push the abrasive material, the pressure of the abrasive material in the pipe is increased until the pressure of the abrasive material in the pipe overcomes the pre-tightening force of the spring of the one-way valve 20, the abrasive material flows out of the one-way valve 20, and then enters the box body 18 through the guide pipe 19 (as shown in fig. 3); at the moment, the fourth electromagnetic valve 24 and the third electromagnetic valve 8 are closed, and the grinding materials are continuously introduced until the pressure in the device reaches the set pressure;
a spiral groove is formed in a variable amplitude rod of the ultrasonic vibrator 14, after the grinding materials enter a box body 18, the variable amplitude rod drives a workpiece 17 to vibrate (the vibration direction of the variable amplitude rod is consistent with the spiral direction of the impeller blade), so that the fluid grinding materials perform micro-cutting, plowing and sliding on the inner wall surface of the impeller blade under the action of longitudinal-torsional composite vibration to obtain the uniformly processed surface of the impeller blade, and the box body 18 is always in a static pressure state in the processing process;
after a certain time of processing, the heated fluid abrasive enters the heat dissipation cavity 13 through a larger circular hole at the bottom of the drainage plate, at the moment, the fourth electromagnetic valve 24 is opened, the third electromagnetic valve 8 is closed, the abrasive flows into the abrasive charging barrel 6 again along the pipeline from the box body 18 under the action of pressure, and the fourth electromagnetic valve 24 is closed after a certain time, so that the fluid abrasive in the whole finishing processing process is always in a state of small change in temperature, the processing characteristic of the fluid abrasive is kept, and the amplitude transformer continues to drive the impeller 17 to do longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration; repeating the steps;
after the processing, make paraffin flow to the box direction in getting into pneumatic cylinder 1 from wasing material jar 7 through first solenoid valve 2, get into the box through check valve 20 and pipe 19, and get into heat dissipation chamber 13 through the great round hole in drainage plate 12 bottom, close fourth solenoid valve 24 this moment, open third solenoid valve 8, the mixture of paraffin and abrasive material gets into the pipeline, flow in again and wash material jar 7, the mixture flows downwards through coarse filtration net 5, when opening first solenoid valve 2 again, the mixture passes through fine filtration net 3 and gets into in pneumatic cylinder 1, become pure paraffin, recoverable used repeatedly of fluid abrasive material on the coarse filtration net 5, thereby realize impeller blade's washing, improve the efficiency of finishing process.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow burnishing and finishing processingequipment which characterized in that: comprises a box body (18), a feeding system (22) for providing grinding materials for the box body (18) and a recycling system (23);
the feeding system (22) is communicated with the front end of the box body (18), and the circulating recovery system (23) is used for communicating the tail end of the box body (18) with the feeding system (22) to form a circulating loop;
an ultrasonic vibrator (14) with a longitudinal-torsional composite amplitude transformer is arranged in the box body (18), the vibration direction of the amplitude transformer is consistent with the spiral direction of the impeller blade, abrasive flows into the box body (18) in the processing process, and the amplitude transformer drives the impeller blade (17) to vibrate for finishing processing in a static pressure state, so that the surface of the impeller blade (17) is uniformly processed;
the feeding system (22) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (1) and an abrasive material barrel (6), the abrasive material barrel (6) is communicated with the top end of the hydraulic cylinder (1) through a pipeline, a second electromagnetic valve (4) is arranged on the communicated pipeline, a conduit (19) is movably connected to the pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder (1), and a check valve (20) is arranged in the conduit (19);
the guide pipe (19) is in sliding insertion connection with a pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder (1), the pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder (1) and the guide pipe (19) are sealed through a rubber sealing ring (9), and a fifth electromagnetic valve (21) is arranged on the pipeline at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder (1);
the box body (18) comprises a processing cavity (11) at the front end, a heat dissipation cavity (13) at the tail end and a drainage plate (12) for communicating the processing cavity (11) with the heat dissipation cavity (13);
the processing cavity (11) and the heat dissipation cavity (13) are detachably connected with the drainage plate (12), a circle of through holes (10) are formed in the drainage plate (12), a shield (16) used for clamping impeller blades (17) is arranged on the front side of the drainage plate (12), and the amplitude transformer is connected with the impeller blades (17) through the shield (16).
2. The impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing machining device of claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the through hole (10) on the top of the drainage plate (12) is smaller than that of the through hole (10) on the bottom.
3. The impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing and finishing device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the feeding system (22) further comprises a cleaning material cylinder (7) containing paraffin, the cleaning material cylinder (7) is communicated with the hydraulic cylinder (1) through a pipeline, and a first electromagnetic valve (2) is arranged on the communicated pipeline.
4. The impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing machining device of claim 3, characterized in that: the top of the cleaning material cylinder (7) is provided with a coarse filter screen (5), and the bottom is provided with a fine filter screen (3).
5. The impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing and finishing device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the box body (18) is provided with a pressure sensor (15).
6. The impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow polishing machining device of claim 5, characterized in that: the circulating recovery system (23) is respectively communicated with the cleaning material cylinder (7) and the grinding material cylinder (6) through pipelines, and a third electromagnetic valve (8) and a fourth electromagnetic valve (24) are respectively arranged on the communicated pipelines.
7. The processing method of the impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow finishing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mounting a test piece; fixing an impeller blade (17) to be processed on an amplitude transformer, and fixing a protective cover (16) on a box body (18) through a bolt;
step two: filling an abrasive material; the grinding materials enter the hydraulic cylinder from the grinding material charging barrel (6) to flow towards the direction of the box body by controlling the second electromagnetic valve (4), the one-way valve (20) is pushed to drive the guide pipe (19) to move towards the direction of the box body, when the guide pipe (19) is in contact with the box body (18), the hydraulic cylinder (1) continues to push the grinding materials, the pressure of the grinding materials in the pipe is increased until the pressure of the grinding materials in the pipe overcomes the pre-tightening force of the spring of the one-way valve (20), the grinding materials flow out of the one-way valve (20), and then the grinding materials enter the box body (18) through the guide pipe (19);
step three: setting pressure; closing the fourth electromagnetic valve (24) and the third electromagnetic valve (8), and continuously introducing the grinding materials until the pressure in the device reaches the set pressure;
step four, starting ultrasonic vibration; the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the ultrasonic vibrator (14) generates longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration consistent with the rotation direction of the blade after being subjected to high-frequency sinusoidal excitation;
step five: the amplitude transformer drives the impeller blade (17) to vibrate in a static pressure flow field of the fluid abrasive, so that the impeller blade (17) is machined, the box body (18) is always in a static pressure state in the machining process, and the fluid abrasive performs micro-cutting, plowing and sliding on the inner wall surface of the impeller blade under the action of longitudinal-torsional composite vibration to obtain the uniformly machined surface of the impeller blade;
step six: after the grinding fluid is machined for a period of time, the fourth electromagnetic valve is opened, the grinding material flows into the grinding material barrel (6) from the box body (18) along the pipeline again under the action of pressure, so that the fluid grinding material in the whole finishing machining process is always in a state of small temperature change, and the machining characteristics of the fluid grinding material are kept;
step seven: after the processing, make paraffin flow to the box direction in getting into hydraulic cylinder (1) from wasing material jar (7) through first solenoid valve (2), get into the box through check valve (20) and pipe (19), and get into heat dissipation chamber (13) through the great round hole in drainage plate (12) bottom, close fourth solenoid valve (24) this moment, open third solenoid valve (8), the mixture entering pipeline of paraffin and abrasive material, flow in again and wash material jar (7), the mixture passes through coarse filtration net (5) downstream, when opening first solenoid valve (2) once more, the mixture gets into hydraulic cylinder (1) through fine filtration net (3), become pure paraffin.
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