CN111390660B - Ultrasonic isostatic pressure viscoelastic abrasive polishing device and polishing method for integral impeller parts - Google Patents
Ultrasonic isostatic pressure viscoelastic abrasive polishing device and polishing method for integral impeller parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN111390660B CN111390660B CN202010382605.7A CN202010382605A CN111390660B CN 111390660 B CN111390660 B CN 111390660B CN 202010382605 A CN202010382605 A CN 202010382605A CN 111390660 B CN111390660 B CN 111390660B
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005111 flow chemistry technique Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/003—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor whereby the workpieces are mounted on a holder and are immersed in the abrasive material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/12—Accessories; Protective equipment or safety devices; Installations for exhaustion of dust or for sound absorption specially adapted for machines covered by group B24B31/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B57/00—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents
- B24B57/02—Devices for feeding, applying, grading or recovering grinding, polishing or lapping agents for feeding of fluid, sprayed, pulverised, or liquefied grinding, polishing or lapping agents
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
整体叶轮类零件超声等静压粘弹磨料抛光装置及抛光方法，属于抛光装置及工艺技术领域，解决整体叶轮在常规光整加工方法中材料去除量均匀性和一致性差的技术问题，本抛光装置包括机架、工作平台、超声振动杆、研磨腔腔体、轴承座和液压缸，所述超声振动杆包括轴向超声振动杆、周向超声振动杆，通过轴向以及周向上的超声振动，使叶轮表面获得椭圆形的加工纹理，使得加工后的叶轮在两个方向上都获得了高表面质量，同时，大量椭圆形纹理相互交叉使得加工表面在各个方向上都获得很好的一致性和均匀性。
An ultrasonic isostatic pressure viscoelastic abrasive polishing device and a polishing method for integral impeller-like parts belong to the technical field of polishing devices and processes, and solve the technical problem of poor uniformity and consistency of material removal amount of an integral impeller in a conventional finishing method. The polishing device It includes a frame, a working platform, an ultrasonic vibration rod, a grinding cavity, a bearing seat and a hydraulic cylinder. The ultrasonic vibration rod includes an axial ultrasonic vibration rod and a circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod. Through the ultrasonic vibration in the axial and circumferential directions, The surface of the impeller obtains an elliptical machining texture, so that the machined impeller obtains high surface quality in both directions. uniformity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polishing devices and processes, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic-assisted isostatic-pressure viscoelastic abrasive polishing device for a whole impeller or a bladed disk and other rotary parts and a polishing method thereof.
Background
With the development of manufacturing industry and the diversification of social demands, the demand for high surface quality of products is increasingly wide, the process level of finishing processing of parts is more and more demanding, and after milling processing, rotary parts such as integral impellers and leaf discs of aircraft engines need to obtain high surface quality through a polishing process so as to improve the service performance of the rotary parts. The surface of the integral impeller part is complex in shape, the material is mostly nickel-based high-temperature alloy and titanium alloy material which are difficult to process, and the requirement on the roughness of the finished product is high (the requirement on the surface roughness after polishing is less than Ra0.4 mu m). The methods adopted at present are manual polishing, abrasive belt grinding and conventional abrasive flow processing; the manual polishing depends on the technical experience of workers, the surface quality of the whole impeller is difficult to ensure, the polishing efficiency is low, and the labor intensity of the workers is high; the efficiency of abrasive belt grinding is higher than that of manual polishing, but the root of the blade is difficult to touch due to the large size of a grinding head; in the conventional abrasive flow processing, fluid abrasive consisting of viscoelastic fluid and abrasive particles is used for polishing the inner surface of a part or a closed area such as a fine slit, so that the roughness requirement of the integral impeller part can be met, but the pressure of the abrasive flow processing in the flowing direction is gradually reduced, so that the precision of polishing processing is difficult to control.
On the basis of the conventional abrasive flow technology, two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration is added to increase the finishing length of the grinding particles on a processed workpiece, so that the finishing processing efficiency can be improved, a better processing effect can be obtained, the problem that the uneven material removal amount caused by the pressure drop in the flow direction cannot be overcome, and the finishing processing precision is reduced. The invention provides isostatic pressing abrasive flow machining based on two-dimensional elliptical ultrasonic vibration, on one hand, the surface of an impeller is enabled to obtain elliptical textures formed by adding the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration, the surface roughness consistency of the whole impeller part is obviously improved, on the other hand, the problem of precision reduction caused by pressure drop in differential pressure flow is solved by adopting the effect of isostatic pressing, and a novel precise and efficient polishing machining method is formed.
At present, the patent with application publication number CN110405619A also mentions a method of abrasive flow elliptical ultrasonic vibration, but this method combines the designed device with a multi-axis numerical control machine tool to realize the abrasive polishing with controllable trajectory for various parts with complex curved surfaces, and the processing method and device thereof are complex to use. In patent application publication No. CN102615597A, a machining method is mentioned with respect to a one-piece type impeller in which the impeller is powered by a motor and continuously rotated during polishing, which does not involve ultrasonic vibration and has a complete abrasive feeding and control circulation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art and solve the technical problem that the material removal uniformity and consistency of the integral impeller in the conventional finishing method are poor, the invention provides an ultrasonic isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive polishing device and a polishing method for integral impeller parts.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
Whole impeller type part supersound isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive burnishing device, it includes frame, work platform, ultrasonic vibration pole, grinds cavity, bearing frame and pneumatic cylinder, ultrasonic vibration pole includes axial ultrasonic vibration pole, circumference ultrasonic vibration pole, wherein:
a first bearing seat is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the rack, an axial ultrasonic vibration rod is horizontally arranged on the first bearing seat rightwards, a thick-wall sleeve is sleeved outside the axial ultrasonic vibration rod, the end face of the thick-wall sleeve is connected with a flange plate of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod through a bolt, the inner wall of the thick-wall sleeve is not contacted with a transducer of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod, a guide rail is arranged on the other side of the upper surface of the rack, and the guide rail is parallel to the axial direction of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod; the working platform is arranged on the guide rail and slides back and forth along the guide rail, a second bearing seat is arranged on one side, close to the axial ultrasonic vibration rod, of the upper surface of the working platform, a third bearing seat is arranged on one side, far away from the axial ultrasonic vibration rod, of the upper surface of the working platform, two ends of the main shaft are respectively arranged on the second bearing seat and the third bearing seat, a sealing ring is arranged at the position of the outer end face of the contact part of the shaft end of the main shaft and the second bearing seat, the axial ultrasonic vibration rod is fixedly connected with the main shaft, and the main shaft is driven by the axial ultrasonic vibration rod to generate ultrasonic vibration along the axis direction;
a mounting vertical plate is arranged on the working platform between the second bearing seat and the third bearing seat, a circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod is arranged on the mounting vertical plate, the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod is arranged above the main shaft, and the axial direction of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod is vertical to the axial direction of the main shaft; a clamping ring is clamped on the outer wall of the main shaft between the second bearing seat and the third bearing seat, an opening is formed in the upper end of the clamping ring, an ear plate is arranged at the position of the opening of the clamping ring, a clamping screw penetrates through the ear plate, the screw rod part of the clamping screw is in threaded connection with the end part of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod, a clamping screw gasket is arranged at one end, close to the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod, of the clamping screw, the outer end part of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod compresses the clamping screw gasket, a reset spring is arranged between the end part, far away from the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod, of the clamping screw and the corresponding ear plate, and the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod drives the main shaft to generate ultrasonic vibration along the circumferential direction;
the grinding cavity is arranged on the right side of the rack, a grinding cavity cover is arranged on the end face of one side, away from the rack, of the grinding cavity, and a grinding material inlet is formed in the grinding cavity cover; the end surface of the grinding cavity close to one side of the rack is uniformly provided with at least one discharge port along the circumferential direction, the inner end parts of the discharge ports are communicated with the inner cavity of the grinding cavity, the outer end parts of the discharge ports are respectively provided with a discharge port plug, the main shaft extends into the grinding cavity, the contact part of the main shaft and the end surface of the grinding cavity is sleeved with a sliding bearing, an impeller test piece is arranged in the grinding cavity, the central hole of the impeller test piece is arranged on the main shaft, and the main shaft extending out of the impeller test piece is provided with an over-throwing prevention protective cover; the bottom boss of the impeller test piece is clamped into a circular groove in the grinding cavity, the impeller test piece and the grinding cavity are in transition fit, and the central hole of the impeller test piece and the main shaft are in transition fit;
the pneumatic cylinder sets up in the right side of grinding the chamber cavity, the pneumatic cylinder level sets up left, be provided with the piston cylinder between pneumatic cylinder and the grinding chamber cavity, be provided with the abrasive material on the lateral wall of piston cylinder near pneumatic cylinder one side and add the mouth, install the piston cylinder cap on the left side terminal surface of piston cylinder, be provided with the abrasive material export on the piston cylinder cap, the abrasive material export passes through coupling hose intercommunication with the abrasive material import, the piston rod of pneumatic cylinder and the piston fixed connection that sets up in the piston cylinder, piston rod drive piston reciprocating motion in the piston cylinder, the abrasive material that the piston cylinder was added is impressed in the grinding chamber cavity through coupling hose to the piston.
Further, a first bearing is installed in the first bearing seat, the outer wall of the thick-wall sleeve is installed in a matched mode with the inner ring of the first bearing, and a first bearing seat cover is covered above the first bearing seat; a second bearing is installed in the second bearing seat, and a second bearing seat cover is covered above the second bearing seat; and a third bearing is arranged in the third bearing seat, and a third bearing seat cover is covered above the third bearing seat.
Furthermore, the gap between the clamping screw and the inner wall of the upper ear hole of the ear plate is 0.5-1 mm.
Further, the matching surface of the main shaft and the sliding bearing is made of a self-lubricating material.
Further, the self-lubricating material is graphite.
Further, the surface of the groove of the grinding cavity body which is in contact with the impeller test piece is processed by a wear-resistant process.
Furthermore, the grinding cavity cover consists of an integrated flange plate and a circular pipe, and the outer diameter of the circular pipe section of the grinding cavity cover is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting hose; the piston cylinder cover is composed of an integrated flange plate and a circular tube, the inner wall of the piston cylinder cover is a conical transition surface, and the outer diameter of the circular tube section of the piston cylinder cover is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting hose.
Furthermore, a cushion block is arranged at the contact position of the grinding cavity and the rack, and the cushion block is made of rubber.
Furthermore, the connecting hose is provided with a hoop at the positions of the abrasive outlet and the abrasive inlet respectively; the outer end part of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod is provided with a spherical surface; a reinforcing rib plate is arranged between the lower part of the mounting vertical plate and the working platform.
The polishing method of the ultrasonic isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive polishing device for the integral impeller parts comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a test piece: installing a center hole of an impeller test piece to be polished on a main shaft, clamping a boss at the bottom of the impeller test piece into a circular groove in a grinding cavity, then installing an over-polishing prevention protection cover on the shaft end of the main shaft, and finally installing a grinding cavity cover on the grinding cavity;
s2, filling of abrasive: the piston in the piston cylinder reaches the stroke limit position at the right end by controlling the hydraulic cylinder, and the evenly mixed fluid abrasive is added into the piston cylinder from the abrasive adding port;
s3, plugging the discharge port plug, starting a hydraulic cylinder, pressing the grinding material added in the piston cylinder into the grinding cavity body through a connecting hose by the piston, stopping the hydraulic cylinder, keeping the piston in the original position, and forming a static pressure with a pressure of p in the grinding cavity body at the moment;
s4, starting ultrasonic vibration: opening the axial ultrasonic vibration rod and the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod, and then polishing the impeller test piece to generate an amplitude A in the axial direction1Frequency of f1Initial phase of alpha1Ultrasonic vibration, axial vibration velocity Vf1Comprises the following steps:
Vf1＝2πf1A1cos(2πf1t+α1)；
generating an amplitude A in the circumferential direction2Frequency of f2Initial phase of alpha2Ultrasonic vibration, circumferential vibration velocity Vf2Comprises the following steps:
Vf2＝2πf2A2cos(2πf2t+α2)；
relative slip velocity V of abrasive particles and wall surface to be processedslipComprises the following steps:
in the formula, k is a slip coefficient;
s5, polishing for a set time to ensure that the fluid abrasive material has vibration speed V in the axial directions vertical to each otherf1And a circumferential vibration velocity Vf2Abrasive particles i in contact with inner wall surface of impeller test piece under composite action0、i1、i2……inCarrying out micro-cutting, plowing and sliding wiping on the inner surface of the impeller test piece to form a large number of mutually-interwoven elliptical scratches;
s6, collecting the abrasive: and after the polishing time is reached, after the pressure in the grinding cavity is reduced, the discharge hole plug is detached, the piston continues to move leftwards under the action of the hydraulic cylinder until the pressure reaches a left stroke extreme position, the grinding cavity cover is detached, the protective cover is unscrewed, the impeller test piece is detached, and the surface polishing of the impeller test piece is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the surface of the impeller obtains elliptical processing textures through ultrasonic vibration in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, so that the processed impeller obtains high surface quality in two directions. Meanwhile, a large number of elliptical textures are mutually crossed, so that the machined surface can obtain good consistency and uniformity in all directions;
2. because the piston keeps the position unchangeable, therefore grind the inside equal pressure p in everywhere that forms of chamber, and keep unchangeable for the grit depth of cut uniformity is high, thereby has guaranteed to process the work piece surface and has got rid of the volume uniformity better, and then has guaranteed the surface quality of processing the work piece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a polishing apparatus in a partially sectional, overall front view;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the plane B-B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a view taken along line C of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the transmission part;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the transmission part;
FIG. 8 is a left side view schematically illustrating the structure of the transmission part;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the slip locus of abrasive grains on the wall surface of the workpiece.
In the figure, 1 is a first bearing seat cover, 2 is an axial ultrasonic vibration rod, 3 is a main shaft, 4 is a second bearing seat cover, 5 is a mounting vertical plate, 6 is a third bearing seat cover, 7 is a discharge port plug, 8 is a sliding bearing, 9 is a grinding cavity body, 10 is an impeller test piece, 11 is an over-throwing prevention protective cover, 12 is a grinding cavity cover, 13 is a hoop, 14 is a connecting hose, 15 is a piston cylinder cover, 16 is a piston, 17 is a piston cylinder, 18 is a hydraulic cylinder, 19 is a guide rail, 20 is a third bearing seat, 21 is a working platform, 22 is a second bearing seat, 23 is a first bearing seat, 24 is a frame, 25 is a first bearing, 26 is a second bearing, 27 is a clamping ring, 28 is a clamping screw, 29 is a return spring, 30 is a third bearing, 31 is a circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod, 32 is a sealing ring, 33 is a thick-wall sleeve, and 34 is a clamping screw gasket.
X is the vibration direction of the impeller test piece along the axial direction, Y is the vibration direction of the impeller test piece along the circumference, i0The ith abrasive grain, i, in contact with the surface of the impeller specimen in the fluid abrasive1The (i + 1) th abrasive particle, i, in the fluid abrasive material is in contact with the surface of the impeller test piece2The (i + 2) th abrasive particle in the fluid abrasive material, which is in contact with the surface of the impeller test piece.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the examples follow conventional experimental conditions. In addition, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be made to the material components and amounts in these embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The ultrasonic isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive polishing device for the integral impeller parts shown in fig. 1 to 9 comprises a frame 24, a working platform 21, an ultrasonic vibration rod, a grinding cavity 9, a bearing seat and a hydraulic cylinder 18, wherein the ultrasonic vibration rod comprises an axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 and a circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31, and the ultrasonic vibration rod comprises:
a first bearing seat 23 is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the rack 24, the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 is horizontally installed on the first bearing seat 23 rightwards, a thick-wall sleeve 33 is sleeved outside the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2, the axis of the thick-wall sleeve 33 is collinear with the axis of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2, so that the stability of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 in vibration along the circumferential direction is ensured, the end surface of the thick-wall sleeve 33 is connected with a flange of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 through a bolt, the inner wall of the thick-wall sleeve 33 is not in contact with a transducer of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 so as to ensure that the normal work of the ultrasonic transducer is not affected, a guide rail 19 is arranged on the other side of the upper surface of the rack 24, and the guide rail 19 is parallel to the axial direction of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2; the working platform 21 is arranged on the guide rail 19, the working platform 21 slides back and forth along the guide rail 19, a second bearing seat 22 is arranged on one side, close to the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2, of the upper surface of the working platform 21, a third bearing seat 20 is arranged on one side, far away from the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2, of the upper surface of the working platform 21, two ends of the main shaft 3 are respectively installed on the second bearing seat 22 and the third bearing seat 20, a sealing ring 32 is arranged at the position of the outer end face of a contact part of the shaft end of the main shaft 3 and the second bearing seat 22, the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 3, and the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 drives the main shaft 3 to generate ultrasonic vibration along the axial direction so as to drive the impeller test piece 10 to vibrate axially;
a mounting vertical plate 5 is arranged on the working platform 21 between the second bearing seat 22 and the third bearing seat 20, a circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31 is mounted on the mounting vertical plate 5, the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31 is arranged above the main shaft 3, and the axial direction of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main shaft 3 so as to ensure that the main shaft 3 vibrates around the axial line of the main shaft; a clamping ring 27 is clamped on the outer wall of the main shaft 3 between the second bearing seat 22 and the third bearing seat 20, an opening is arranged at the upper end of the clamping ring 27, an ear plate is arranged at the opening position of the clamping ring 27, a clamping screw 28 is arranged to penetrate through the ear plate, the clamping screw 28 is of a cantilever structure, the screw part of the clamping screw 28 is in threaded connection with the end part of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31, a clamping screw gasket 34 is arranged at one end, close to the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31, of the clamping screw 28, the outer end part of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31 compresses the clamping screw gasket 34, a return spring 29 is arranged between the end part, far away from the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31, of the clamping screw 28 and the corresponding ear plate, and the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31 drives the main shaft 3 to generate ultrasonic vibration along the circumferential direction;
the grinding cavity 9 is arranged on the right side of the rack 24, a grinding cavity cover 12 is arranged on the end face of one side, away from the rack 24, of the grinding cavity 9, and a grinding material inlet is formed in the grinding cavity cover 12; at least 4 discharge ports are uniformly distributed on the end surface of one side of the grinding cavity 9 close to the frame 24 along the circumferential direction, the inner end parts of the discharge ports are communicated with the inner cavity of the grinding cavity 9, discharge port plugs 7 are respectively arranged in the outer end parts of the discharge ports, the main shaft 3 extends into the grinding cavity 9, a sliding bearing 8 is sleeved on the contact part of the end surface of the main shaft 3 and the grinding cavity 9, an impeller test piece 10 is arranged in the grinding cavity 9, the central hole of the impeller test piece 10 is arranged on the main shaft 3, a protection cover 11 for preventing over-polishing is arranged on the main shaft 3 extending out of the impeller test piece 10, the bottom surface of the protection cover 11 for preventing over-polishing is consistent with the diameter of the top part of the impeller test piece 10 and is tightly attached to ensure that the fluid grinding material is not contacted with a non-polishing surface, the conical anti-polishing protective cover 11 has a certain shunting effect on the viscoelastic fluid entering the grinding cavity, so that the vibration of the device caused by the impact of fluid abrasive is reduced; a boss at the bottom of the impeller test piece 10 is clamped into a circular groove in the grinding cavity 9, the impeller test piece 10 and the grinding cavity 9 are in transition fit, and a central hole of the impeller test piece 10 and the main shaft 3 are in transition fit, so that the impeller test piece 10 can be conveniently mounted and dismounted;
the grinding device is characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder 18 is arranged on the right side of the grinding cavity 9, the hydraulic cylinder 18 is horizontally arranged leftwards, the piston cylinder 17 is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder 18 and the grinding cavity 9, an abrasive adding port is formed in the side wall, close to one side of the hydraulic cylinder 18, of the piston cylinder 17, the piston cylinder cover 15 is installed on the left side end face of the piston cylinder 17, an abrasive outlet is formed in the piston cylinder cover 15 and is communicated with the abrasive inlet through a connecting hose 14, the connecting hose 14 is made of flexible materials (such as rubber and the like) to avoid vibration of a material pushing device, unnecessary power loss can be reduced, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 18 is fixedly connected with a piston 16 arranged in the piston cylinder 17, the piston rod drives the piston 16 to reciprocate in the piston cylinder 17, and the piston 16 presses abrasive added in the piston cylinder 17 into the grinding cavity 9 through the connecting hose 14.
Further, a first bearing 25 is installed in the first bearing seat 23, the outer wall of the thick-walled sleeve 33 is installed in a matching manner with the inner ring of the first bearing 25, so that the degree of freedom of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 in the circumferential direction is met, and a first bearing seat cover 1 is covered above the first bearing seat 23; a second bearing 26 is installed in the second bearing seat 22, and a second bearing seat cover 4 is covered above the second bearing seat 22; a third bearing 30 is installed in the third bearing seat 20, and a third bearing seat cover 6 is covered above the third bearing seat 20; the bearing seat and the bearing realize the support of the shafting structure of the transmission part.
Furthermore, the clearance between the clamping screw 28 and the inner wall of the upper ear hole of the ear plate is 0.5-1 mm.
Further, the material of the matching surface of the main shaft 3 and the sliding bearing 8 is a self-lubricating material.
Further, the self-lubricating material is graphite.
Further, the groove surface of the grinding cavity 9 in contact with the impeller test piece 10 is processed by a wear-resistant process.
Furthermore, the grinding cavity cover 12 is composed of an integrated flange and a circular tube, and the outer diameter of the circular tube section of the grinding cavity cover 12 is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting hose 14; piston cylinder cap 15 comprises integration ring flange and pipe, and 15 inner walls of piston cylinder cap set up to circular cone transition face, and the external diameter of 15 pipe sections of piston cylinder cap equals with coupling hose 14's internal diameter.
Furthermore, a cushion block is arranged at the contact position of the grinding cavity 9 and the rack 24, and the cushion block is made of rubber. The cushion blocks the vibration of the grinding cavity, and the noise is reduced.
Furthermore, the connecting hose 14 is provided with a clamp 13 at the positions of the abrasive outlet and the abrasive inlet respectively; the outer end part of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31 is provided with a spherical surface; a reinforcing rib plate is arranged between the lower part of the mounting vertical plate 5 and the working platform 21.
The polishing method of the ultrasonic isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive polishing device for the integral impeller parts comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a test piece: installing a central hole of an impeller test piece 10 to be polished on a main shaft 3, clamping a boss at the bottom of the impeller test piece 10 into a circular groove in a grinding cavity body 9, then installing an over-polishing prevention protection cover 11 at the shaft end of the main shaft 3, and finally installing a grinding cavity cover 12 on the grinding cavity body 9;
s2, filling of abrasive: the piston 16 in the piston cylinder 17 reaches the stroke limit position at the right end by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 18, and the evenly mixed fluid abrasive is added into the piston cylinder 17 from the abrasive adding port;
s3, plugging the discharge port plug 7, starting the hydraulic cylinder 18, pressing the grinding materials added in the piston cylinder 17 into the grinding cavity 9 through the connecting hose 14 by the piston 16, stopping the hydraulic cylinder 18, keeping the piston 16 in the original position, and forming static pressure with pressure p in the grinding cavity 9 at the moment;
s4, starting ultrasonic vibration: the axial ultrasonic vibration rod 2 and the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod 31 are started, at the moment, the impeller test piece 10 to be polished generates an amplitude A in the axial direction1Frequency of f1Initial phase of alpha1Ultrasonic vibration, axial vibration velocity Vf1Comprises the following steps:
Vf1＝2πf1A1cos(2πf1t+α1)；
generating an amplitude A in the circumferential direction2Frequency of f2Initial phase of alpha2Ultrasonic vibration, circumferential vibration velocity Vf2Comprises the following steps:
Vf2＝2πf2A2cos(2πf2t+α2)；
relative slip velocity V of abrasive particles and wall surface to be processedslipComprises the following steps:
in the formula, k is a slip coefficient;
s5, polishing for a set time to ensure that the fluid abrasive material has vibration speed V in the axial directions vertical to each otherf1And a circumferential vibration velocity Vf2Abrasive grain i contacting with inner wall surface of impeller specimen 10 under composite action0、i1、i2……inCarrying out micro-cutting, plowing and sliding wiping on the inner surface of the impeller test piece 10 to form a large number of mutually-interlaced oval scratches;
s6, collecting the abrasive: and after the polishing time is reached, after the pressure in the grinding cavity 9 is reduced, the discharge hole plug 7 is detached, the piston 16 continues to move leftwards under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 18 until the pressure reaches a left stroke extreme position, the grinding cavity cover 12 is detached, the protective cover 11 is unscrewed, the impeller test piece 10 is detached, and the surface polishing of the impeller test piece 10 is completed.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. Whole impeller type part supersound isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive polishing device, it includes frame (24), work platform (21), ultrasonic vibration pole, grinds cavity (9), bearing frame and pneumatic cylinder (18), ultrasonic vibration pole includes axial ultrasonic vibration pole (2), circumference ultrasonic vibration pole (31), its characterized in that:
a first bearing seat (23) is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the rack (24), the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2) is horizontally installed on the first bearing seat (23) rightwards, a thick-wall sleeve (33) is sleeved outside the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2), the end face of the thick-wall sleeve (33) is connected with a flange plate of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2) through bolts, the inner wall of the thick-wall sleeve (33) is not in contact with a transducer of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2), a guide rail (19) is arranged on the other side of the upper surface of the rack (24), and the guide rail (19) is parallel to the axial direction of the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2); the working platform (21) is arranged on the guide rail (19), the working platform (21) slides back and forth along the guide rail (19), a second bearing seat (22) is arranged on one side, close to the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2), of the upper surface of the working platform (21), a third bearing seat (20) is arranged on one side, far away from the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2), of the upper surface of the working platform (21), two ends of the main shaft (3) are respectively installed on the second bearing seat (22) and the third bearing seat (20), a sealing ring (32) is arranged at the outer end face position of the contact part of the shaft end of the main shaft (3) and the second bearing seat (22), the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2) is fixedly connected with the main shaft (3), and the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2) drives the main shaft (3) to generate ultrasonic vibration along the axis direction;
a mounting vertical plate (5) is arranged on a working platform (21) between the second bearing seat (22) and the third bearing seat (20), a circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31) is mounted on the mounting vertical plate (5), the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31) is arranged above the main shaft (3), and the axial direction of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main shaft (3); a clamping ring (27) is clamped on the outer wall of the main shaft (3) between the second bearing seat (22) and the third bearing seat (20), an opening is formed in the upper end of the clamping ring (27), an ear plate is arranged at the opening position of the clamping ring (27), a clamping screw (28) penetrates through the ear plate, the screw part of the clamping screw (28) is in threaded connection with the end part of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31), a clamping screw gasket (34) is arranged at one end, close to the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31), on the clamping screw (28), the outer end part of the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31) compresses the clamping screw gasket (34), a return spring (29) is arranged between the end part of the clamping screw (28) on one side far away from the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31) and the corresponding ear plate, and the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31) drives the main shaft (3) to generate ultrasonic vibration along the circumferential direction;
the grinding cavity (9) is arranged on the right side of the rack (24), a grinding cavity cover (12) is arranged on the end face of one side, away from the rack (24), of the grinding cavity (9), and a grinding material inlet is formed in the grinding cavity cover (12); at least 4 discharge ports are uniformly distributed on the end face of one side, close to the rack (24), of the grinding cavity (9) along the circumferential direction, the inner end portions of the discharge ports are communicated with the inner cavity of the grinding cavity (9), discharge port plugs (7) are mounted in the outer end portions of the discharge ports, the main shaft (3) extends into the grinding cavity (9), sliding bearings (8) are sleeved on the end face contact portions of the main shaft (3) and the grinding cavity (9), an impeller test piece (10) is arranged in the grinding cavity (9), a central hole of the impeller test piece (10) is mounted on the main shaft (3), and an over-throwing prevention protection cover (11) is mounted on the main shaft (3) extending out of the impeller test piece (10); a boss at the bottom of the impeller test piece (10) is clamped into a circular groove in the grinding cavity body (9), the impeller test piece (10) is in transition fit with the grinding cavity body (9), and a central hole of the impeller test piece (10) is in transition fit with the main shaft (3);
the grinding device is characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder (18) is arranged on the right side of the grinding cavity body (9), the hydraulic cylinder (18) is horizontally arranged leftwards, a piston cylinder (17) is arranged between the hydraulic cylinder (18) and the grinding cavity body (9), a grinding material adding opening is formed in the side wall, close to one side of the hydraulic cylinder (18), of the piston cylinder (17), a piston cylinder cover (15) is installed on the left side end face of the piston cylinder (17), a grinding material outlet is formed in the piston cylinder cover (15), the grinding material outlet is communicated with the grinding material adding opening through a connecting hose (14), a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (18) is fixedly connected with a piston (16) arranged in the piston cylinder (17), the piston rod drives the piston (16) to reciprocate in the piston cylinder (17), and the grinding material added in the piston cylinder (17) is pressed into the grinding cavity body (9) through the connecting hose (14) by the piston (16).
2. The ultrasonic isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive polishing device for the integral impeller type part according to claim 1, wherein: a first bearing (25) is installed in the first bearing seat (23), the outer wall of the thick-wall sleeve (33) is installed with the inner ring of the first bearing (25) in a matched mode, and a first bearing seat cover (1) is arranged above the first bearing seat (23) in a covering mode; a second bearing (26) is installed in the second bearing seat (22), and a second bearing seat cover (4) is covered above the second bearing seat (22); and a third bearing (30) is installed in the third bearing seat (20), and a third bearing seat cover (6) is covered above the third bearing seat (20).
3. The ultrasonic isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive polishing device for the integral impeller type part according to claim 1, wherein: the matching surface of the main shaft (3) and the sliding bearing (8) is made of a self-lubricating material.
4. The ultrasonic isostatic pressing viscoelastic abrasive polishing device for the integral impeller type part according to claim 1, wherein: a cushion block is arranged at the contact position of the grinding cavity (9) and the rack (24), and the cushion block is made of rubber.
5. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, mounting a test piece: installing a central hole of an impeller test piece (10) to be polished on a main shaft (3), clamping a boss at the bottom of the impeller test piece (10) into a circular groove in a grinding cavity body (9), then installing an over-polishing prevention protection cover (11) at the shaft end of the main shaft (3), and finally installing a grinding cavity cover (12) on the grinding cavity body (9);
s2, filling of abrasive: the piston (16) in the piston cylinder (17) reaches the stroke limit position at the right end by controlling the hydraulic cylinder (18), and the evenly mixed fluid abrasive is added into the piston cylinder (17) from the abrasive adding port;
s3, plugging the discharge port plug (7), starting the hydraulic cylinder (18), pressing the grinding materials added in the piston cylinder (17) into the grinding cavity body (9) through the connecting hose (14) by the piston (16), stopping the hydraulic cylinder (18), keeping the piston (16) in the original position, and forming static pressure with pressure p in the grinding cavity body (9) at the moment;
s4, starting ultrasonic vibration: starting the axial ultrasonic vibration rod (2) and the circumferential ultrasonic vibration rod (31), wherein the impeller test piece (10) to be polished generates an amplitude A in the axial direction1Frequency of f1Initial phase of alpha1Ultrasonic vibration, axial vibration velocity Vf1Comprises the following steps:
Vf1＝2πf1A1cos(2πf1t+α1)；
generating an amplitude A in the circumferential direction2Frequency of f2Initial phase of alpha2Ultrasonic vibration, circumferential vibration velocity Vf2Comprises the following steps:
Vf2＝2πf2A2cos(2πf2t+α2)；
relative slip velocity V of abrasive particles and wall surface to be processedslipComprises the following steps:
in the formula, k is a slip coefficient;
s5, polishing for a set time to ensure that the fluid abrasive material has vibration speed V in the axial directions vertical to each otherf1And a circumferential vibration velocity Vf2Abrasive particles i contacted with the inner wall surface of the impeller test piece (10) under the composite action0、i1、i2……inCarrying out micro-cutting, plowing and sliding wiping on the inner surface of the impeller test piece (10) to form a large number of mutually-interlaced oval scratches;
s6, collecting the abrasive: after the polishing time is reached, after the pressure in the grinding cavity body (9) is reduced, the discharge hole plug (7) is detached, the piston (16) continues to move leftwards under the action of the hydraulic cylinder (18) until the pressure reaches a left stroke extreme position, the grinding cavity cover (12) is detached, the protective cover (11) is unscrewed, the impeller test piece (10) is detached, and the surface polishing of the impeller test piece (10) is completed.
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| CN113732827B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-11-18 | 太原理工大学 | An impeller blade ultrasonic vibration static pressure abrasive flow finishing device and method |
| CN113664707B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-12-23 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for polishing and processing static-pressure abrasive flow on surface of revolving body |
| CN117140334B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-01-09 | 烟台泰昌数控机械有限公司 | Small-sized simple polishing machine and polishing method |
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